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Help:IPA/Romanian

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The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Romanian language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.

See Romanian phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Romanian and Romanian alphabet for the correspondence between spelling and pronunciation.

IPA Examples English approximation
Consonants
b ban boy
d dop day
d͡ʒ[1] ger general, jeep
f foc face
ɡ gol good
h horn hat
j[2] iarnă, fier, creioane, rai yes
k cal scold, skip
l lună love
m mic moon
n nor name
ŋ [3] lung long
p pas span
r repede curd (Scottish)
s sare sun
ʃ şarpe shape
t tare stop
t͡s[1] ţară cats, pizza, tsunami
t͡ʃ[1] cer chest
v val voice
w[2] băcăuan, dau west
z zid zone
ʒ jar measure, garage
Marginal consonants
ɲ Saligny canyon
IPA Examples Description
Monophthongs
a a father
e erou best
ə ăsta about
i inel beet, machine
ɨ înspre, cârnat / cîrnat, coborî roses (some English dialects)
o oraş horse
u uda soon
Diphthongs[2]
e̯a bea short [e] followed by full [a]
e̯o vreo short [e] followed by full [o]
o̯a foarte short [o] followed by full [a]
Marginal vowels
Error using {{IPA symbol}}: "ø]]" not found in list bleu, loess French ceux
y ecru, fürer French lune
ɑ̃ Henri French danse
Other symbols used in transcription of Romanian pronunciation
IPA Example Explanation
ˈ dulău [duˈləw] stress (placed before the stressed syllable)
ʲ rupi [ˈrupʲ] palatalization (placed after the palatalized consonant)
. mie [ˈmi.e] syllable marker, generally used between vowels in hiatus

Notes

  1. ^ a b c The affricates are correctly written with tie-bars: Error using {{IPA symbol}}: "t​͡s" not found in list, Error using {{IPA symbol}}: "t​​͡ʃ" not found in list, Error using {{IPA symbol}}: "d​͡ʒ" not found in list. As the tie-bars display incorrectly with some fonts, they are often omitted. However, these affricates contrast with the plosive-fricative sequences [ts], [] and []. Usually the spelling of the Romanian word indicates the pronunciation, with the affricates spelled ţ, c, g, with one letter, and the sequences ts, tş, dj, with two, but this is not always the case, especially in personal names.
  2. ^ a b c ; The approximants /j/ and /w/ can appear before and after vowels, including the diphthongs /e̯a/ and /o̯a/, in almost any combination.
  3. ^ Allophone of [n] before velars.

See also

References

  • Chiţoran, Ioana (2001), The Phonology of Romanian: A Constraint-based Approach, Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 3110167662