NBCUniversal
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Company type | Incorporated Joint-stock company[1] |
---|---|
Founded | Merger between NBC and Vivendi (May 11, 2004 ) |
Headquarters | , |
Key people | Jeff Zucker (President/CEO), Jeff Gaspin (Chairman, NBC Universal Television Entertainment), Ron Meyer (President and COO, Universal Studios) |
Revenue | (GE) US$15.44 billion (2009) ![]() (Vivendi) €2.278 billion (2008)[3] |
(GE) $2.26 billion (2009) ![]() | |
Parent | General Electric |
Divisions | NBC, Universal Studios, NBC Universal Television Group, NBC News, USA Network, Syfy, Chiller, CNBC, MSNBC, NBC.com, MSNBC.com, iVillage, Bravo, qubo, Telemundo Television Studios, The Weather Channel, Hulu, A&E Television Networks (15%) |
Website | http://www.nbcuni.com |
NBC Universal, Inc. is a media and entertainment company engaged in the production and marketing of entertainment, news, and information products and services to a global customer base. The company owns and operates two American television networks, numerous cable channels, and a group of local stations in the United States, as well as motion picture companies, several television production companies, and branded theme parks.
NBC Universal was formed in May 2004 by the merger of General Electric's NBC with Vivendi's Vivendi Universal Entertainment.[4][5] General Electric (GE) owns 87.66% of NBC Universal with the remaining 12.34% owned by Vivendi.[6] The logo of NBC Universal is a combination of the NBC peacock logo and the Universal Studios globe and text.
On December 3, 2009, GE and US cable TV operator Comcast announced a buyout agreement for NBC Universal. When the sale completes, Comcast would own 51% of NBC Universal while GE would own 49%. Under the deal, GE would also buy out Vivendi's 20% minority stake in the company.[5][7] Vivendi completed the initial transaction on September 27, 2010, selling a $2 billion stake to GE (approximately 7.66%). The remaining 12.34% of NBC Universal would be sold to GE, pending completion of a sale to Comcast.[8] U.S. regulators approved the proposed sale on January 18, 2011. The sale is expected to complete by the end of January.[9] Vivendi has concluded, on January 25, 2011, the sale of the remainder of its stake in NBC Universal, a 12.34% stake, for $3.8 billion to GE.[10]
NBC Universal is headquartered in the Rockefeller Plaza in Midtown Manhattan, New York City.[11]
NBC Universal is one of two successor companies to MCA Inc. (Music Corporation of America), the other being Vivendi through its subsidiary Universal Music Group.
History
Early history
NBC and Universal Studios had a long standing partnership dating back to 1950. Universal Media Studios' earliest ancestor, Revue Studios, produced a number of shows for NBC, although they would have some hits on the other networks as well. This partnership continued even after Revue Studios became Universal Television, then Studios USA after it was split off from Universal, and then back to Universal Television. NBC Universal is contracted in the entertainment industry as NUTS/NBC Entertainment.
Television
NBC Universal Television has its modern roots in a series of expansions undertaken by NBC. In the late 1980s, NBC began pursuing a strategy of diversification, including the formation of two NBC-owned cable-television networks: CNBC and America's Talking. NBC also had partial ownership of several regional sports channels and other cable channels such as American Movie Classics and Court TV (until 2006).
In 1995, NBC began operating NBC Desktop Video, a financial news service that delivered live video to personal computers. The following year, NBC announced an agreement with Microsoft to create an all-news cable television channel, MSNBC (using its subscriber base from America's Talking network). A separate joint venture with Microsoft included establishing a news website, MSNBC.com.
In 1998, NBC partnered with Dow Jones & Co.. The two companies combined their financial news channels outside the US. The new networks included NBC Europe, CNBC Europe, NBC Asia, CNBC Asia, NBC Africa, and CNBC Africa.
In 1999, NBC took a 32% stake in the Paxson group, operator of PAX TV. Five years later, NBC decided to sell its interest in PAX TV and end its relationship with PAX owner, Paxson Communications.
In 2002, NBC acquired the US-Spanish language broadcaster Telemundo, which included the bilingual Mun2 Television. That same year NBC acquired the cable channel Bravo.
Combining with Universal
In 2003, amid a major financial crisis caused by over-expansion, Universal Studios' parent company, Vivendi Universal Entertainment (a division of Vivendi), decided to sell an 80% stake to NBC's parent company, General Electric. The sale and resulting merger formed NBC Universal which is 80% owned by GE, and 20% owned by Vivendi.[4] The joint venture encompasses Vivendi's US film interests (such as Universal Studios), production and distribution units, as well as five theme parks, cable television channels including USA Network, Syfy, the defunct Trio, and Sleuth. Universal Music Group was not included in the deal and is not part of NBC Universal.[6] Vivendi SA has the right to monetize their remaining 20% stake in NBC Universal at fair market value. This would result in a forced purchase by GE. As of 2008[update] Vivendi had not exercised this option.
On May 12, 2004, the television divisions of NBC and Universal Television were combined to form NBC Universal Television. NBC Studios series bought into the company include the NBC dramas Las Vegas (with DreamWorks SKG), Crossing Jordan, and American Dreams. Universal Network Television bought the Law & Order franchise and The District -- in fact, Universal Network Television had co-produced American Dreams with NBC before the merger. Entertainment shows produced by the new group include The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, Late Night with Jimmy Fallon, Last Call with Carson Daly, and Saturday Night Live.
The formation of NBC Universal saw the establishment of NBC Universal Cable, which oversees the distribution, marketing, and advertisement sales for thirteen channels (Bravo, Bravo HD+ (eventually renamed Universal HD), Chiller, CNBC, CNBC World, MSNBC, mun2, Syfy, ShopNBC, Telemundo, Sleuth, USA Network and the Olympic Games on cable). NBC Universal Cable also manages the company's investments in A&E, the History Channel, History Channel International, the Biography Channel, National Geographic International, and TiVo. The cable division also used to operate NBC Weather Plus until 2008.
Global expansion
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/NBC_Tower_070723.jpg/220px-NBC_Tower_070723.jpg)
In the early 1990s, NBC began its expansion throughout Europe by creating CNBC Europe and its long-time successful NBC Europe Superstation by broadcasting NBC Giga throughout Germany and the rest of the European Union. NBC Europe helped to develop the largest European computer and video games expo "Games Convention" in Leipzig with more than 100,000 visitors each year.
In 2005, NBC Universal joined HANA, the High-Definition Audio-Video Network Alliance to help establish standards in consumer electronics interoperability. Later that year, NBC announced a partnership with Apple Computer to offer shows from all the NBC Universal TV networks on Apple's iTunes Store.
In January 2006, NBC Universal launched a new cable channel, Sleuth. The channel's programming dedicated to mystery/crime genre. Sleuth Network's initial slogan was "Mystery. Crime. All The Time." In early 2008, the channel unveiled a new slogan, "Get Clued In."
One year later after Sleuth's debut, NBC Universal announced that the company would launch a horror-themed cable channel, Chiller, on March 1, 2007. At launch Chiller would be available exclusively on DIRECTV. The network would feature films like Psycho and The Shining and TV series that include Twin Peaks, Alfred Hitchcock Presents, Freddy's Nightmares, Friday the 13th: The Series, Tales from the Crypt. NBC Universal also stated that, aside from the content in their own vaults, Chiller will feature content from other studios as well. In 2009, Chiller unveiled a new slogan, "scary good". This replaced the channel's previous slogan "Dare To Watch".
NBC Universal and Citadel Broadcasting are extending their exclusivity period while in negotiations for ION Media Networks. ION Media Networks, NBC Universal (NBCU) and Citadel Broadcasting have all reached an agreement for the recapitalization of ION. [citation needed]
On June 14, 2007, NBC Universal Television Studio was renamed Universal Media Studios. The company explained that the reason for the name change was because "the new name fully describes the company's mission to be the premier content provider for television and digital platforms, spanning all television dayparts and creative genres."[12]
In August 2007, NBC Universal purchased Sparrowhawk Media Group and renamed it NBC Universal Global Networks. This acquisition gave NBC Universal all Hallmark channels outside the United States, plus the British channels: Diva TV, Movies 24, Hallmark Channel and the upcoming channel, KidsCo.[13] Later that fall, the company also acquired the Oxygen network in a separate $925 million deal.[14] The sale was completed one month later.
In the summer of 2008, NBC Universal, Blackstone Group and Bain Capital announced their intentions to buy The Weather Channel from Landmark Communications. The deal closed on September 12, 2008.[15] Shortly after the acquisition completed, NBC announced that their existing TV weather network, NBC Weather Plus, would be shut down by December 31, 2008.
The summer of 2008, marked NBC Universal's first venture into the United Kingdom by acquiring British television production company Carnival Films.[16]
On November 12, 2008, NBC Universal acquired 80.1% of Geneon Entertainment from Dentsu in Japan, merging it with Universal Pictures International Entertainment to form a new company,[17] Geneon Universal Entertainment Japan.[18]
NBC Universal and Microsoft Corporation have teamed up in an effort to sell NBC Universal's broadcast and cable advertising using Admira, the software giant's automated planning and buying tool.
On March 16, 2009, NBC Universal-owned cable channel Sci Fi announced that it would be changing its name to Syfy, replacing a generic term with a proprietary brand name that can be trademarked.[19] The name change also allows for a rebranding of the channel as offering "imagination-based entertainment" (including science fiction but also fantasy, the paranormal, adventure and others).[19] Network officials also noted that, unlike the generic term "sci fi" which represents the entire science fiction genre, the term "Syfy" can be protected by trademark and therefore would be easier to market on other goods or services without fear of confusion with other companies' products. The rebranding and name change took place on July 7, 2009.[20][21]
On August 27, 2009, A&E Television Networks (A&E) merged with Lifetime Entertainment Services (Lifetime),[22][23] giving NBC Universal an equal share of both Lifetime and A&E with The Walt Disney Company and Hearst.
On Wednesday, October 20, 2010, NBC Universal-owned horror/suspense-themed cable channel Chiller announced a major rebranding campaign incorporating a new logo and on-air look that launched on Wednesday, October 27, 2010. The rebranding is part of an attempt to soften the channel's image in the manner of Chiller's sister channel Syfy. as well as a major marketing push for the channel, with Chiller a very visible presence at the 2011 San Diego Comic Con.[24][25] To quote Syfy and Chiller President Dave Howe, "We have very ambitious plans to grow this network as a brand."[24][25]
Universal Studios
Universal Studios became a part of NBC Universal as a result of the 2004 merger. In July 2005, rumors began to emerge that NBC Universal might buy DreamWorks SKG for around US$1.0 billion. Eventually, however, the studio – excluding DreamWorks Animation – was sold to Viacom, the parent company of Paramount Pictures, for just over US$1.6 billion, but has since become independent again.
Sale to Comcast
In late September 2009, media outlets began reporting that cable giant Comcast was in talks to buy all or part of NBC Universal. NBC did not comment on the rumor, while Comcast denied it.[26] However, CNBC itself reported on October 1 that General Electric was considering spin-off of NBC Universal into a separate company that would merge with Comcast's content assets which include E! Entertainment Television, Versus, Golf Channel, Style Network and regional properties. GE would maintain 49% control of the new company, while Comcast owned 51%.[27][28]
On November 1, 2009, The New York Times reported Comcast had moved closer to a deal to purchase NBC Universal and that a formal announcement could be made sometime the following week.[29]
On December 1, 2009, CNBC reported that a tentative agreement had been reached between Comcast and GE.[30] The deal was formally announced on December 3, 2009.[7] Under the agreement, NBC Universal would be 51% owned by Comcast and 49% by GE. Comcast would pay $6.5 billion cash to GE. Comcast will also contribute $7.5 billion in programming including regional sports networks and cable channels such as Golf Channel and E! Entertainment Television. GE planned to use some of the funds, $5.8 billion, to buy out Vivendi's 20% minority stake in NBC Universal.[7] After the transaction completes, Comcast will reserve the right to buy out GE's share at certain times. GE will also reserve the right to force the sale of their stake within the first seven years.[7][31] Vivendi completed the initial transaction on September 27, 2010, selling a $2 billion stake to GE (approximately 7.66%). The remaining 12.34% of NBC Universal will be sold to GE after the sale to Comcast is complete.[8]
U.S. regulators approved the proposed sale on January 18, 2011 with conditions. Comcast will have to give up NBC control over online video site Hulu, and ensure NBC Universal programming is available to competing cable operators.[32] The sale is expected to complete by the end of January.[9]
Other business
Parks and resorts
NBC Universal and Blackstone Group own the following parks and resorts:
- Universal Studios Hollywood in Universal City, California
- Universal Orlando Resort in Orlando, Florida
- Universal Studios Japan in Osaka (licensed by Universal Parks & Resorts, owned by Goldman Sachs)
- Universal Studios Singapore in Singapore
Internet
The website Hulu is a joint venture of NBC Universal, Fox Entertainment Group, and ABC[33] Hulu offers commercial-supported streaming video of select TV shows, movies, and other video.
Notes
This article needs additional citations for verification. (December 2009) |
- ^ STOCKHOLDERS AGREEMENT
- ^ a b "GE 2009 Annual Report" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-09-25.
- ^ "Vivendi 2008 Annual Report" (PDF). Retrieved 2009-12-24.
- ^ a b Jean-Bernard LEVY (May 13, 2004). "Overview of NBC Universal Merger" (PDF). Vivendi Universal. Retrieved 2009-12-24.
- ^ a b "TIMELINE: NBC, Universal through the 20th century and beyond". Reuters. December 3, 2009. Retrieved 2009-12-24.
- ^ a b "Company Overview". NBC Universal. Retrieved 2009-12-02.
- ^ a b c d Wilkerson, David B.; Steven Goldstein (2009-12-03). "Comcast scores controlling stake in NBC Universal". MarketWatch. Retrieved 2009-12-03.
- ^ a b "Vivendi Sells $2 billion NBC Universal Stake to GE". CNBC. September 27, 2010.
- ^ a b "FCC,DOJ approve Comcast-NBC nuptials". MarketWatch.com. January 18, 2011.
- ^ "Vivendi has sold all its stake in NBC Universal for a total of $5.8 billion. Vivendi has sold its whole 20% stake in NBC Universal for a total cash amount of $5.8 billion". Vivendi. January 26, 2011.
- ^ "NBC Universal to sell Burbank, Calif, studio". MarketWatch. October 11, 2007. Retrieved August 28, 2009.
- ^ "NBC Universal Re-Names NBC Universal Television Studio as Universal Media Studios" (Press release). NBC Universal. 2007-06-14. Retrieved 2009-12-02.
- ^ Eric Pfanner (August 28, 2007). "NBC Universal buys 18 Hallmark channels outside the U.S." International Herald Tribune. Retrieved 2009-12-02.
- ^ Michael Learmonth (October 10, 2007). "NBC U Sucks in Oxygen". Daily Variety. p. 1.
{{cite news}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help) - ^ SETH SUTEL (July 7, 2008). "NBC Universal to buy The Weather Channel for $3.5B". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 2009-12-02.
- ^ Conlan, Tara (2008-08-20). "NBC Universal buy Carnival". guardian.co.uk. London: Guardian News and Media. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
- ^ "Geneon to Merge with Universal Pictures Japan". Anime News Network. November 12, 2008. Retrieved November 13, 2008.
- ^ "Geneon Universal Entertainment Japan Official Website" (in Japanese). Retrieved 2009-02-22.
- ^ a b "Syfy Frequently Asked Questions". Syfy. Retrieved 2009-12-02.
- ^ Elliott, Stuart (March 16, 2009). "Sci Fi Channel Has a New Name: Now, It's Syfy". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-12-02.
- ^ Syfy: Not your father's sci-fi, Fortune, July 7, 2009
- ^ A&E Acquires Lifetime, Variety.com, August 27, 2009
- ^ A&E Networks, Lifetime Merger Completed, Broadcasting & Cable, August 27, 2009
- ^ a b Chiller Takes a Chill Pill
- ^ a b Chiller Announces Major Redesign, TV By the Numbers, October 20, 2010
- ^ Comcast in Talks to Buy NBC Universal, AJC.com, October 1, 2009
- ^ GE is in Talks to Spin Off NBC, Give Comcast 51% of New Unit, CNBC.com, October 1, 2009
- ^ BRIAN STELTER (October 1, 2009). "GE and Comcast Exploring a Spin-Off of NBC Universal". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-12-02.
- ^
MICHAEL J. de la MERCED ; ANDREW ROSS SORKIN (November 2, 2009). "Comcast Said to Be Close to Gaining NBC Universal". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-12-02.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Faber, David (2009-12-01). "GE, Comcast Complete Deal Over NBC Universal: Source". CNBC. Retrieved 2009-12-01. [dead link]
- ^ "Vivendi to Sell 20% Stake in NBCU to GE for $5.8 Bln". The Wall Street Journal. December 3, 2009. [dead link]
- ^ "UPDATE 2-U.S. regulators approve Comcast-NBCU deal". Reuters. January 18, 2011.
- ^ Brady, Shirley (2007-08-29). "NBC and Fox Jump Through Hulu Hoop". Cable360.net. Retrieved 2007-08-29.
External links
- Official website
- Universal Network International
- NBC Universal's theme parks
- NBC Universal's online store
- iVillage.com
- NBC CITY Studios- Burbank, California
- NBC Universal Global Networks
- NBC Universal Broadcast Journalism Program