List of new religious movements: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
m clean up using AWB
m →‎List: changing Erhart to Erhard for consistency (Melton spells it both ways)
(One intermediate revision by the same user not shown)
Line 331: Line 331:
| [[Lama Foundation]]<ref>[[#Beit-Hallahmi|Beit-Hallahmi 1993]], p. 164.</ref> || Steve Durkee<ref name="Melton2003p731">[[#Melton2003|Melton 2003]], p. 731.</ref> || 1967<ref name="Melton2003p731"/> || [[Commune|Communal]]—After 1960<ref name="Melton2003p731"/>
| [[Lama Foundation]]<ref>[[#Beit-Hallahmi|Beit-Hallahmi 1993]], p. 164.</ref> || Steve Durkee<ref name="Melton2003p731">[[#Melton2003|Melton 2003]], p. 731.</ref> || 1967<ref name="Melton2003p731"/> || [[Commune|Communal]]—After 1960<ref name="Melton2003p731"/>
|-
|-
| [[Landmark Education]] (formerly [[Erhard Seminars Training]])<ref name="bhugra"/><ref name="beckford"/> || || ||
| [[Landmark Education]] (formerly [[Erhard Seminars Training]])<ref name="bhugra"/><ref name="beckford"/> || Werner Erhard<ref name="Melton2003p1039">[[#Melton2003|Melton 2003]], p. 1039.</ref> || ||
|-
|-
| [[Latter Rain Movement]]<ref>[[#Beit-Hallahmi|Beit-Hallahmi 1993]], p. 165.</ref> || schism led by George Hawtin and Percy Hunt<ref name="BH98_209">[[#Beit-Hallahmi98|Beit-Hallahmi 1998]], p. 209.</ref> || 1946<ref name="BH98_209"/> || [[Millenarianism|Millenarian]] [[Pentecostalism|Pentecostal]]<ref name="BH98_209"/>
| [[Latter Rain Movement]]<ref>[[#Beit-Hallahmi|Beit-Hallahmi 1993]], p. 165.</ref> || schism led by George Hawtin and Percy Hunt<ref name="BH98_209">[[#Beit-Hallahmi98|Beit-Hallahmi 1998]], p. 209.</ref> || 1946<ref name="BH98_209"/> || [[Millenarianism|Millenarian]] [[Pentecostalism|Pentecostal]]<ref name="BH98_209"/>

Revision as of 06:22, 15 May 2010

This list of new religious movements (NRMs) lists groups identified as new religious movements by scholars of religion.

Background

Main article: New religious movement

A new religious movement (NRM) is an intentional community, or ethical, spiritual, or philosophical group of recent origin. NRMs may be novel in origin or they may be part of a wider religion, such as Christianity, Hinduism, or Buddhism in which case they will be distinct from pre-existing denominations. Scholars studying the sociology of religion have almost unanimously adopted this term as a neutral alternative to the word "cult". They continue to try to reach agreement on definitions and boundaries.[1]

List

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.
Name Founder Year founded Type
3HO[2]
Aaronic Order[3][4] Maurice Lerrie Glendenning[3] 1930s[3] Mormonism[3]
Adidam, previously Free Daist Avabhasan Communion, Free Daist Communion, Crazy Wisdom Fellowship, Johannine Daist Community, Laughing Man Institute, Dawn Horse Communion, Free Primitive Church of Divine Communion, Free Communion Church, Dawn Horse Fellowship[5][6] Adi Da[6] 1972[6] Hindu-inspired[6]
Adonai-Shomo[7] Frederick T. Howland[8] 1861[8] Adventist Communal[8]
Adventures in Enlightenment, A Foundation[9]
Aetherius Society[10][11][12] George King[10] 1954[10] UFO-Christian[10]
African Church Incorporated[13]
African Independent Churches, also known as African Initiated Churches[14]
African Theological Archministry, previously Order of Damballah Hwedo Ancestor Priests, Shango Temple, and Yoruba Temple[15] Walter Eugene King[16] 1973[16] Voodoo[16]
Agasha Temple of Wisdom[17] Richard Zenor[18] 1943[18] Spiritualism[18]
Agni Yoga Society[17][19] Nicholas Roerich[20] mid-1920s[20] Theosophical[20]
Ahmadiyya Movement[19][21][22] Mirza Ghulam Ahmad[23] 1889[23] Black Islam[23]
Aladura[24][25] Josiah Ositelu[26] 1930[26] Pentecostal[26]
Alamo Christian Foundation, also known as Alamo Christian Church, Consecrated, Alamo Christian Ministries, and Music Square Church[24][27][28] Tony Alamo; Susan Alamo[29] 1969[29] Fundamentalist; Communal[29]
Altruria[30] Edward Biron Payne[8] 1894[8] Christian Socialist Communal[8]
Amana Church Society, also known as Church of True Inspiration[31][32] Eberhard Gruber; Johann Rock[8] 1714[8] Communal [8]
American Baptist Association[32] 1924[33] Baptist[33]
American Buddhist Movement[34] 1980[35] Western Buddhism[35]
American Buddhist Society and Fellowship, Inc.[36] Robert Ernest Dickhoff[37] 1945[37] Tibetan Buddhism[37]
American Evangelical Christian Churches[38][36] 1944[39] Independent Fundamentalist and Evangelical[39]
The American Evangelistic Association[36][40] John E. Douglas[41] 1954[41] Pentecostal[41]
American Muslims[42] Wallace D. Fard[23] 1930[23] Black Islam[23]
American World Patriarchs[43] Uladyslau Ryzy-Ryski[44] 1972[44] Eastern Liturgy[44]
American Zen College[45] Gosung Shin[46] 1976[46] Korean Buddhism[46]
Amica Temple of Radiance[45] Ivah Berg Whitten[20] 1932[20] Theosophical[20]
Amway[47][48][49]
Ananda Marga[50][51][52][53] Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar[54] 1955[54] Hinduism[54]
Ancient British Church in North America[55] Jonathan V. Zotique[56] Homosexually Oriented[56]
Ancient Mystical Order Rosae Crucis[57][58][59] H. Spencer Lewis[60] 1915[60] Rosicrucianism[60]
Ancient Teachings of the Masters, also known as ATOM[55] Darwin Gross[61] 1983[61] Sant Mat[61]
Anglo-Saxon Federation of America[62][63] Howard B. Rand[64] 1928[64] British Israelism[64]
Ansaaru Allah Community[65] As Siddid Al Imaan Al Haahi Al Mahdi[66] late 1960s[66] Black Islam[66]
Anthroposophy[67][68][69] Rudolf Steiner[70] 1912[70] Western Occultist[70]
Antiochian Catholic Church in America[71] Gordon Mar Peter[72] 1980s[72] Independent Catholic, Monophysite[72]
Apostolic Christian Church (Nazarean)[73] Samuel Heinrich Froehlich[74] 1906[74] European Free-Church[74]
Apostolic Christian Church of America[75] Samuel Heinrich Froehlich[74] 1830[74] European Free-Church[74]
Apostolic Church[76]
Apostolic Church of Christ (Pentecostal)[77] Johnnie Draft; Wallace Snow[78] 1969[78] Apostolic Pentecostal[78]
Apostolic Church (Pentecostal)[77]
Apostolic Overcoming Holy Church of God[79] William Thomas Phillips[80] 1920[80] Apostolic Pentecostal[80]
Arcane School[81] Alice and Foster Bailey[82] 1937[82] Alice Bailey Groups[82]
Arica School[83][84] Oscar Ichazo[85] 1968[85] Sufism[85]
Art of Living Foundation, also known as Association for Inner Growth and Ved Vignan Maha Vidya Preeth[86] Sri Sri Ravi Shankar[86] 1981[86] Hinduism[86]
Arya Samaj[87][88] Mul Shankara[86] 1875[86] Hinduism[86]
Aryan Nations, also known as Church of Jesus Christ Christian, Aryan Nations[89] Wesley Swift[90] late 1940s[90] British Israelism[90]
Assemblies of God[91] Pentecostalism
Assemblies of the Lord Jesus Christ[92] merger[93] 1952[93] Apostolic Pentecostal[93]
Assemblies of Yahweh[94][95] C.O. Dodd[96] 1937[96] Adventist; Sacred Name[96]
Assembly of Christian Soldiers[97] Jessie L. Thrift[98] 1971[98] Unclassified, Ku Klux Klan-based[98]
Assembly of Yahweh[99][100]
Association for Research and Enlightenment[101][102] Edgar Cayce[103] 1931[103] Occultist[103]
Association of Vineyard Churches[104] John Wimber[105] 1982[105] White Trinitarian Pentecostals[105]
Astara, Inc.[106][107] Robert and Earlyne Chaney[108] 1951[108] Occult Orders[108]
Aum Shinrikyo, also known as Aleph[109][110][111][112] Shoko Asahara[113] 1987[113] Japanese Buddhism[113]
Ausar Auset Society[114] R.A. Straughn[115] mid-1970s[115] Rosicrucianism[115]
Bahá'í Faith[116][117] Mírzá Ḥusayn-`Alí Nuri[118] 1863[118] Middle Eastern, Baha'i[118]
Bawa Muhaiyaddeen Fellowship[119] Bawa Muhaiyaddeen[120] 1971[120] Sufism[120]
Bethel Ministerial Association[121] Albert Franklin Varnell[93] 1934[93] Apostolic Pentecostal[93]
Bible Presbyterian Church[122] Carl McIntire[123] 1938[123] Reformed Presbyterian[123]
Bible Way Church of Our Lord Jesus Christ[124][125] schism[93] 1957[93] Apostolic Pentecostal[93]
The Body of Christ[126]
Brahma Kumaris[127][128][129] Dada Lekhraj[130] 1936[130] Hinduism[130]
Branch Davidian[131][132] Victor T. Houteff[133] 1930[133] Seventh Day Adventist[133]
Breatharians[134]
The Brethren (Jim Roberts group), also known as The Body of Christ and The Garbage Eaters[135] Jimmie T. Roberts[135] c. 1970[135] Unclassified Christian Churches[135]
British Israelism, also called Anglo-Israelism[136][137]
Bruderhof, also known as the Hutterian Brethren and Hutterian Society of Brothers[138] Eberhard Arnold[139] c. 1920[139] Communal[139]
Brunstad Christian Church[140]
Bugbrooke Jesus Fellowship, home of the Jesus Army[141]
Builders of the Adytum[142][143] Paul Foster Case[144] 1922[144] Ritual Magick[144]
Calvary Chapel[145][146] Chuck Smith[147] 1965[147] White Trinitarian Pentecostals[147]
Candomblé[148][149] 19th century[150] Syncretistic; Neo-African; Divination[150]
Cao Dai, also known as Dai Dao Tam Ky Pho Do[151][152] Ngô Văn Chiêu; Lê Văn Trung[150] 1919[150] Syncretistic; Vietnamese Millenarian[150]
Cargo cults[153][154] Syncretistic; Nativist[155]
CAUSA International[156] Sun Myung Moon[157] 1970[157] Other Psychic New Age Groups; Unification Movement[157]
Celestial Church of Christ[158] Samuel Oshoffa[159] 1947[159] Nativist Christian Pentecostal[159]
The Centers Network[160]
Chabad[161][162]
Charismatic Movement[163]
Chen Tao, also called God's Salvation Church and God Saves the Earth Flying Saucer Foundation[164]
Cheondoism, also called Chendogyo[165]
Cherubim and Seraphim, also known as Sacred Cherubim and Seraphim Society and Eternal Sacred Order of Cherubim and Seraphim[166] Moses Orimolade Tunolase[167] c. 1925[167] African Pentecostal[167]
Christ Apostolic Church[168]
Christadelphians, also called Thomasites[169][170] 1844[171] Baptist family[171]
The Christian Community, also known as the Christian Community Church and Christengemeinschaft[172]
Christian Conventions, also known as Two-by-Twos, the Workers and Friends, etc.[173] William Irvine[174] 1897[175] Independent fundamentalist family[176]
Christian Identity[177]
Christian Identity Church[178] 1982[179] British Israelism[179]
Christian Reformed Church in North America[180] Gijsbert Haan[181] 1857[181] Reformed Presbyterian[181]
Christian Science[182][183] Mary Baker Eddy[184] 1876[184] Christian Science; Metaphysical[184]
Christian World Liberation Front, also known as the Spiritual Counterfeits Project[185] Jack Sparks; Fred Dyson; Pat Matrisciana[186] 1969[186] Christian Fundamentalist-Millenarian[186]
Church of All Worlds[187][188] Tim Zell; Lance Christie[189] 1962[189] Witchcraft and Neo-Paganism[189]
Church of Aphrodite[190] Gleb Botkin[191] 1939[191] Witchcraft and Neo-Paganism[191]
Church of Bible Understanding[192][193] Stewart Traill[194] 1971[194] Adventist; Fundamentalist[194]
Church of Daniel's Band[195] 1893[196] Non-Episcopal Methodism[196]
Church of God in Christ[197]
Church of God in Christ, Mennonite[198][199] John Holdeman[199] c. 1870[199] German Mennonite[199]
The Church of God (Jerusalem Acres)[200] Grady R. Kent[201] 1957[201] White Trinitarian Holiness Pentecostal[201]
Church of God Mountain Assembly[202] J.H. Parks, Steve N. Bryant, Tom Moses, William O. Douglas 1906[201] White Trinitarian Holiness Pentecostal[201]
Church of God of Prophecy[203] Ambrose Tomlinson[204] 1903[204] White Trinitarian Holiness Pentecostal[204]
Church of Israel[205] Dan Gayman[206] 1974[206] British Israelism[206]
Church of Satan[207] Anton LaVey[208] 1966[208] Satanism[208]
Church of the Lamb of God[209] Ervil LeBaron[210] 1970[210] Latter-day Saints; Polygamy Practicing[210]
Church of the Living Word, also known as The Walk[211] John Robert Stevens[212] 1954[212] Fundamentalist; Occultist[212]
Church of the Lord (Aladura)[213] Josiah Ositelu[26] 1930[26] Pentecostal Family[26]
Church of the Nazarene[214] Phineas F. Bresee[215] 1885[215] Nineteenth Century Holiness[215]
Church of World Messianity[216][217] Mokichi Okada[218] 1934[218] Shintoism[218]
Church Universal and Triumphant[219][220] Mark Prophet; Elizabeth Clare (Wolf) Prophet[221] 1958[221] Theosophical; Occultist[221]
Collegiate Association for the Research of Principles, also known as CARP[222]
Commandment Keepers: Holy Church of the Living God[223][224] Arnold Josiah Ford[225] 1924[225] Black Judaism[225]
Community Chapel and Bible Training Center[226] Donald Lee Barnett[227] 1967[227] Latter Rain Pentecostal[227]
Community of Christ[228] Jason Briggs, Zenos Gurley, William Marks[229] 1860[229] Missouri Mormons[229]
Concerned Christians[230]
Confederate Nations of Israel[231] Alexander Joseph[232] 1978[232] Latter-day Saints; Polygamy Practicing[232]
Conservative Judaism[233][234] Sabato Morais, Marcus Jastrow, H. Pereira Mendes[235] 1887[235] Mainline Judaism[235]
A Course in Miracles[236][237]
Covenant of the Goddess[238][239] merger[240] 1975[240] Witchcraft and Neo-Paganism[240]
Covenant of Unitarian Universalist Pagans[241][242] Margot Adler[240] 1987[240] Witchcraft and Neo-Paganism[240]
The Covenant, the Sword, and the Arm of the Lord[243][244] James D. Ellison[90] mid-1970s[90] British Israelism[90]
Crossroads Movement[245]
Cyberchurches[246]
Dances of Universal Peace[247]
Dianic Wicca[248] merger[249] 1971[249] Witchcraft and Neo-Paganism[249]
Eckankar[250] Paul Twitchell[251] 1971[251] Sant Mat[251]
Elan Vital (formerly Divine Light Mission)[128][252][253] Shri Hans Ji Maharaj[254] 1920s[254] Sant Mat[254]
Esoteric Nazism[255]
Eucharistic Catholic Church[256] Robert Clement[257] 1974[257] Homosexually Oriented[257]
Evangelical Methodist Church[258] J.H. Hamblen[259] 1946[259] Non-Episcopal Methodist[259]
Falun Gong[260] Li Hongzhi[261] 1992[261] Taoist[261]
Family International, previously known as the Children of God, the Family of Love and the Family[128][262][263] David Berg[262] 1968[262] Fundamentalist,[262] Jesus movement offshoot,[263] with countercultural and Evangelical beliefs[264]
Fellowship of Isis[265] Olivia Robertson[266] 1976[266] Magick Family[266]
Findhorn Foundation[267] Eileen Caddy; Peter Caddy; Alexis Edwards; Roger Benson[268] 1963[268] Christian-Anthroposophistical-Rosicrucian[268]
Fire Baptized Holiness Church of God of the Americas[269] W.E. Fuller[270] 1898[270] Black Trinitarian Pentecostal[270]
Foundation for A Course In Miracles[271] Kenneth and Gloria Wapnick[272] 1983[272] Christian Science-Metaphysical; New Thought[272]
Fraternitas Rosae Crucis[273] Paschal Beverly Randolph[274] 1858[274] Rosicrucianism[274]
Freedomites[275]
Friends of the Western Buddhist Order (FWBO)[276] Sangharakshita (Dennis Lingwood) 1967[276] Buddhism
Fundamentalist Christianity[277]
General Assembly and Church of the First Born[278] 1927[279] White Trinitarian Pentecostal[279]
General Church of the New Jerusalem[280] schism[281] 1890[281] Swedeborgianism[281]
Ghost Dance[282]
Grail Movement[283] Oskar Ernst Bernhardt[284] 1924[284] Spiritualist, Psychic and New Age; Channeling[284]
Hanuman Foundation[285] 1980[286] Hinduism[286]
Himalayan Institute of Yoga Science and Philosophy[287] Swami Rama[288] 1971[288] Hinduism[288]
"I AM" Activity[289] Guy Ballard[290] I AM Groups; Ascended Masters[290]
Independent Fundamental Churches of America[291] R. Lee Kirkland[292] 1922[292] Unaffiliated Fundamentalist[292]
Insight Meditation Society[293] Jack Kornfield, Sharon Salzberg, Joseph Goldstein[294] 1976[294] Theravada Buddhism[294]
International Church of the Foursquare Gospel[295] Aimee Semple McPherson[296] 1923[296] White Trinitarian Pentecostal[296]
International Society for Krishna Consciousness[297] Srila A.C. Bhaktivedanta[298] mid-1960s[298] Hinduism[298]
Jehovah's Witnesses[299] Charles Taze Russell[300] 1870[300] Adventist; Bible Student Groups[300]
Jesus Army[301]
Jesus Movement[302][303]
Jews for Jesus[304] Moishe Rosen[305] 1970[305] Hebrew Christians; Fundamentalist[305]
John Frum[306] 1936[305] Syncretistic; Millenarian[305]
Karma Triyana Dharmachakra[307] the 16th Gyalwa Karmapa[308] 1976[308] Tibetan Buddhism[308]
Kemetic Orthodoxy[309] Tamara Siuda[309] 1988[309] Kemetic[309]
Kerista[310] John Presmont[311] 1956[311] Communal—After 1960[311]
Konkokyo[312] Bunjiro Kawate[313] 1859[313] Shintoism[313]
Kripalu Center (Kirpalu)[314] Amrit Desai[315] 1966[315] Hinduism[315]
Lama Foundation[316] Steve Durkee[317] 1967[317] Communal—After 1960[317]
Landmark Education (formerly Erhard Seminars Training)[128][253] Werner Erhard[318]
Latter Rain Movement[319] schism led by George Hawtin and Percy Hunt[320] 1946[320] Millenarian Pentecostal[320]
Layman's Home Missionary Movement[321] Paul S. L. Johnson[322] c. 1920[322] Adventist; Bible Student Groups[322]
Lectorium Rosicrucianum[323] 1924[324] Rosicrucianism[324]
The Living Word Fellowship[325] John Robert Stevens[326] 1951[326] Latter Rain Pentecostals[326]
Local Church movement[327] Ni Shu-tsu (Watchman Nee)[328] 1920s[328] Independent Fundamentalist; Other Bible Students[328]
Love Family, also known as the Church of Jesus Christ at Armageddon and Love Israel[329] Paul Erdman[330] 1969[330] Communal[330]
Lucis Trust[331] Alice A. Bailey[332] 1923[332] Occultist; Theosophical[332]
Mahikari[333] Kotama Okada[334] 1959[334] Shintoism[334]
Manson Family[335][336]
Maranatha Campus Ministries[337] Bob Weiner[338] 1972[338] Pentecostalism[338]
Mazdaznan[339] Otoman Zar-Adusht Ha'nish[340] 1902[340] Zoroastrianism[340]
Meher Baba followers[253] Merwan Sheriar Irani[340] 1921[340] Zoroastrianism[340]
Messianic Judaism[341]
Mita Congregation[342] Juanita García Peraza[96] 1940[96] Deliverance Pentecostal[96]
Moody Church[343] Dwight L. Moody[344] 1864[344] Fundamentalist and Evangelical Churches[344]
Moorish Science Temple of America[345] Timothy Drew[346] 1925[346] Black Islam[346]
Moral Re-Armament[347] Frank N. D. Buchman[348] 1921[348]
Mormonism[349] Joseph Smith, Jr.
Movement of Spiritual Inner Awareness[350] John-Roger Hinkins[61] 1971[61] Sant Mat[61]
Namdhari[351] Balak Singh[352] mid-19th century[352] Sikhism[352]
Nation of Islam[353] Elijah Muhammad[354] mid-1930s[354] Black Muslims[354]
Nation of Yahweh[355][356] Hulon Mitchell, Jr.[357] 1970s[357] Black Judaism[357]
National Spiritualist Association of Churches[358] Harrison D Barrett, James M. Peebles, Cora L. Richmond[359] 1893[359] Spiritualism[359]
Native American Church[360] 1906[361] Drug-related Groups[361]
New Apostolic Church[362] Heinrich Geyer[363] 1863[363] Unclassified Christian Churches[363]
New Kadampa Tradition[364] Geshe Kelsang Gyatso[365] mid-1970s[365] Tibetan Buddhism[365]
New Reformed Orthodox Order of the Golden Dawn[366] 1969[367] Witchcraft and Neo-Paganism[367]
New Thought[368]
Oomoto[369] Mrs. Nao Deguchi[370] 1899[370] Millenarian Shintoism[370]
Open Bible Standard Churches[371] merger[372] 1935[372] White Trinitarian Pentecostals[372]
Opus Dei[128][373][374][375][376][377][378] Saint Josemaría Escrivá de Balaguer[373] 1928[373] Roman Catholic[373]
Ordo Templi Orientis[379] Carl Kellner;[379][380] Theodor Reuss[380] 1895;[379] 1906[380] Ritual Magick[380]
Pentecostal Church of God[381]
Pentecostalism[382]
Peoples Temple[383][384] Jim Jones[385] 1955[385] Other Psychic, New Age Groups[385]
Philosophical Research Society[386] Manly Palmer Hall[387] 1934[387] Occult Orders[387]
Pilgrims of Arès[388] Michel Potay[388] 1974[388]
Plymouth Brethren[389][390]
Radha Soami Satsang Beas[391] Seth Shiv Dayal Singh[392] 1861[392] Sant Mat[392]
Raëlism[393] Claude Vorilhon (Rael)[394] 1973[394] Flying Saucer Groups[394]
Rainbow Family[395] Barry Adams[396] late-1960s[396] Communal—After 1960[396]
Rajneesh movement[397] Rajneesh Chandra Mohan[398] 1966[398] Eastern Family[398]
Rama computer cult[399]
Rastafari[400][401] Leonard Howell, Joseph Hibbert, Archibald Dunkley, Robert Hinds[402] 1935[402] Black Judaism[402]
Reformed Druids of North America[403] 1960s[404] Neo-Paganism[404]
Religious Science[405] Ernest Holmes[406] 1948[406] New Thought[406]
Risshō Kōsei Kai[407] Nikkyo Niwano and Myoko Naganuma[408] 1938 [408] Nichiren Buddhist[408]
Rosicrucian Fellowship[409] Carl Louis von Grasshof[410] 1909[410] Rosicrucianism[410]
Sacred Name Movement[411]
Sahaja Yoga[412] Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi[413] 1970[413] Hinduism[413]
Saiva Siddhanta Church[414] Subramuniy[413] 1957[413] Hinduism[413]
The Salvation Army[415] William Booth[416] 1865[416] Nineteenth Century Holiness[416]
Sant Nirankari Mission[417]
Sawan Kirpal Ruhani Mission[418] schism[419] mid-1970s[419] Sant Mat[419]
Scientology[128][420][421][422] L. Ron Hubbard[423] 1955[423] Other Psychic, New Age Groups[423]
Self-Realization Fellowship[424] Paramahansa Yogananda[425] 1935[425] Hinduism[425]
Seventh-day Adventist Church[426] Ellen G. White[427] 1860[427] Seventh Day Adventists[427]
Seventh-day Adventist Reform Movement[428] schism[429] 1925[429] Seventh Day Adventists[429]
Shakers[430] Ann Lee[431] 1750s[431] Communal—Before 1960[431]
Shepherd's Rod, also known as the Davidian Seventh-day Adventist Association[432] Victor T. Houteff[433] 1935[433] Seventh Day Adventists[433]
Shiloh Youth Revival Centers[434] John J. Higgins, Jr.[435] 1969[435] Communal—After 1960[435]
Shinnyo-en[436] Shinjo Ito and Tomoji Ito[437] 1936[437] Japanese Buddhism[437]
Shinreikyo[438] Kanichi Otsuka[334] post-WWII[334] Shintoism[334]
Sivananda Yoga Vedanta Centres[439] Kuppuswami Iyer[440] 1935[440] Hinduism[440]
Soka Gakkai International[441][442] Tsunesaburo Makiguchi[443] 1930[443] Japanese Buddhism[443]
Subud[444] Muhammed Subud[445] 1933[445] Sufism[445]
Sufi Ruhaniat International[446]
Sukyo Mahikari[447] Sekiguchi Sakae[448] 1978[448] Mahikari Syncretistic[448]
Summum[449] Claude Rex Nowell[450] 1975[450] Unclassified Christian Churches[450]
Tenrikyo[451] Miki Nakayama[452] 1838[452] Shintoism[452]
Toronto Blessing[453]
Transcendental Meditation[454] Brahmananda Saraswati (Guru Dev), Maharishi Mahesh Yogi[455] 1958[455] Hinduism[455]
True Buddha School[456][457] Lu Sheng-yen[456] Late 1980s Tibetan Buddhism/Taoism[456]
Twelve Tribes[458] Gene and Marsha Spriggs[459] 1972[459] Communal—After 1960[459]
Umbanda[460] Zélio Fernandino de Moraes[461] 1920[461] Spiritism[461]
Unification Church[462] Yong (Sun) Myung Moon[463] 1954[463] Millenarian; Pentecostal; Syncretistic[463]
Union of Messianic Jewish Congregations[464] 1979[465] Fundamentalist and Evangelical Churches[465]
Unitarian Universalism [466]
United Holy Church of America[467] Isaac Cheshier[468] 1900[468] Black Trinitarian Pentecostal[468]
United House of Prayer for All People[469] Marcelino Manoel de Graca[470] 1925[470] African American Pentecostal[470]
United Israel World Union[471] David Horowitz[472] 1944[472] Other Jewish Groups[472]
United Lodge of Theosophists[473] Robert Crosbie[474] 1909[474] Theosophy[474]
United Pentecostal Church International[475] merger[476] 1945[476] Apostolic Pentecostals[476]
Unity Church[477]
Universal Great Brotherhood[478] Serge Raynaud de la Ferriere[479] late 1940s[479] Other Theosophical Groups[479]
Universal Life Church[480] Kirby Hensley[481] 1962[481] Liberal Family[481]
Universal White Brotherhood[482] Peter Deunov[483] 1900[483] Other Theosophical Groups[483]
Vajradhatu[484] Chögyam Trungpa[485] 1973[485] Tibetan Buddhism[485]
Vedanta Society[486] Swami Vivekananda[487] 1894[487] Hinduism[487]
Volunteers of America[488] Ballington Booth and Maud Booth[489] 1896[489] Nineteenth Century Holiness[489]
The Way International[490] Victor Paul Wierwille[491] 1942[491] Independent fundamentalist family[491]
White Eagle Lodge[492] Lady Elizabeth Carey[493] 1943[493] Other Theosophical Groups[493]
Wicca[494]
The Word Foundation[495] Harold W. Percival[496] c. 1904[496] Theosophy[496]
Zion's Order, Inc.[497] Dr. Merle Kilgore[498] 1938[498] Utah Mormons[498]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Introvigne, Massimo (June 15, 2001). "The Future of Religion and the Future of New Religions". Retrieved 2006-12-13.
  2. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 131.
  3. ^ a b c d Beit-Hallahmi 1998, p. 1.
  4. ^ Lewis 1998, p. 25.
  5. ^ Lewis 1998, p. 25-28.
  6. ^ a b c d Beit-Hallahmi 1998, p. 146.
  7. ^ Lewis 1998, p. 28.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i Melton 2003, p. 707.
  9. ^ Lewis 1998, pp. 28-29.
  10. ^ a b c d Beit-Hallahmi 1998, p. 3.
  11. ^ Chryssides 2001, p. 25-26.
  12. ^ Lewis 1998, pp. 29-31.
  13. ^ Chryssides 2001, p. 26.
  14. ^ Chryssides 2001, pp. 26-27.
  15. ^ Lewis 1998, p. 31.
  16. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 934.
  17. ^ a b Lewis 1998, p. 32.
  18. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 764.
  19. ^ a b Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 6.
  20. ^ a b c d e f Melton 2003, p. 876.
  21. ^ Chryssides 2001, pp. 27-28.
  22. ^ Lewis 1998, pp. 32-33.
  23. ^ a b c d e f Melton 2003, p. 985. Cite error: The named reference "Melton2003p985" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  24. ^ a b Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 7.
  25. ^ Chryssides 2001, pp. 28-29.
  26. ^ a b c d e f Melton 2003, p. 517.
  27. ^ Chryssides 2001, p. 29.
  28. ^ Lewis 1998, pp. 33-34.
  29. ^ a b c Beit-Hallahmi 1998, p. 13.
  30. ^ Lewis 1998, pp. 34-35.
  31. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 9.
  32. ^ a b Lewis 1998, p. 35.
  33. ^ a b Melton 2003, p. 556.
  34. ^ Lewis 1998, pp. 35-36.
  35. ^ a b Melton 2003, p. 1116.
  36. ^ a b c Lewis 1998, p. 36.
  37. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 1102.
  38. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 9.
  39. ^ a b Melton 2003, p. 591.
  40. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 10.
  41. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 514.
  42. ^ Lewis 1998, p. 37.
  43. ^ Lewis 1998, p. 37-38.
  44. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 309.
  45. ^ a b Lewis 1998, p. 38.
  46. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 1099.
  47. ^ Chryssides 2001, p. 30.
  48. ^ Saliba 2003, p. 159.
  49. ^ Arweck 2005, p. 124
  50. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 11.
  51. ^ Chryssides 1999, p. 370
  52. ^ Chryssides 2001, pp. 30-31.
  53. ^ Lewis 1998, p. 41.
  54. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 1001.
  55. ^ a b Lewis 1998, p. 43.
  56. ^ a b Melton 2003, p. 1142.
  57. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 11.
  58. ^ Chryssides 2001, p. 31.
  59. ^ Lewis 1998, pp. 42-43.
  60. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 841.
  61. ^ a b c d e f Melton 2003, p. 1054.
  62. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 13.
  63. ^ Lewis 1998, p. 43-44.
  64. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 651.
  65. ^ Lewis 1998, p. 44.
  66. ^ a b c Melton 2003, pp. 986-987.
  67. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 13.
  68. ^ Chryssides 2001, pp. 33-34.
  69. ^ Lewis 1998, pp. 44-47.
  70. ^ a b c Beit-Hallahmi 1998, p. 20.
  71. ^ Lewis 1998, p. 47.
  72. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 241.
  73. ^ Lewis 1998, pp. 47-48.
  74. ^ a b c d e f Melton 2003, p. 548.
  75. ^ Lewis 1998, pp. 47-48.
  76. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 15.
  77. ^ a b Lewis 1998, p. 48.
  78. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 464.
  79. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 16.
  80. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 465.
  81. ^ Chryssides 2001, p. 38.
  82. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 857.
  83. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 17.
  84. ^ Chryssides 2001, pp. 38-39.
  85. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 971.
  86. ^ a b c d e f g Melton 2003, p. 1004.
  87. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 18.
  88. ^ Chryssides 2001, pp. 40-41.
  89. ^ Chryssides 2001, p. 91.
  90. ^ a b c d e f Melton 2003, p. 654.
  91. ^ Chryssides 2001, pp. 41-42.
  92. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 18.
  93. ^ a b c d e f g h i Melton 2003, p. 466.
  94. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 19.
  95. ^ Chryssides 2001, p. 42.
  96. ^ a b c d e f Melton 2003, p. 462.
  97. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 21.
  98. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 1131.
  99. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 19.
  100. ^ Chryssides 2001, p. 42.
  101. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 21.
  102. ^ Chryssides 2001, pp. 42-43.
  103. ^ a b c Beit-Hallahmi 1998, p. 31.
  104. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 316.
  105. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 446.
  106. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, pp. 22-23.
  107. ^ Chryssides 2001, pp. 43-44.
  108. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 846.
  109. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 23.
  110. ^ Chryssides 2001, pp. 44-45.
  111. ^ Partridge, 2004, p. 261.
  112. ^ Saliba, 2003, p. 171.
  113. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 1073.
  114. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 24.
  115. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 842.
  116. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, pp. 25-26.
  117. ^ Chryssides 2001, pp. 48-49.
  118. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 992.
  119. ^ Chryssides 2001, pp. 50-51.
  120. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 972.
  121. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 32.
  122. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 33.
  123. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 370.
  124. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 34.
  125. ^ Lewis 1998, p. 77.
  126. ^ Pardon, Robert T. "'The Body of Christ' - Descent from Benign Bible Study to Destructive Cult work". Research: New England Institute for Religious Research. www.neirr.org. Retrieved 2009-09-30.
  127. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 37.
  128. ^ a b c d e f Bhugra 1997, p. 126.
  129. ^ Chryssides 2001, pp. 56-57.
  130. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 1006.
  131. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 38.
  132. ^ Chryssides 2001, p. 59.
  133. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 617.
  134. ^ Chryssides 2001, pp. 60-61.
  135. ^ a b c d Melton 2003, pp. 1131-1132.
  136. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, pp. 39-40.
  137. ^ Chryssides 2001, pp. 61-62.
  138. ^ Chryssides 2001, pp. 63-64.
  139. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 709.
  140. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, pp. 269-270.
  141. ^ Chryssides 2001, p. 67.
  142. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, pp. 41-42.
  143. ^ Chryssides 2001, pp. 67-68.
  144. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 891.
  145. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 43.
  146. ^ Chryssides 2001, p. 68.
  147. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 635.
  148. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, pp. 43-44.
  149. ^ Chryssides 2001, pp. 68-69.
  150. ^ a b c d e Beit-Hallahmi 1998, p. 61.
  151. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 44.
  152. ^ Chryssides 2001, pp. 69-70.
  153. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 45.
  154. ^ Chryssides 2001, p. 70.
  155. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1998, p. 62.
  156. ^ Chryssides 2001, p. 72.
  157. ^ a b c Melton 2003, pp. 837-838.
  158. ^ Chryssides 2001, p. 73.
  159. ^ a b c Beit-Hallahmi 1998, p. 64.
  160. ^ Chryssides 2001, pp. 73-74.
  161. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 206, 368.
  162. ^ Chryssides 2001, p. 70.
  163. ^ Chryssides 2001, p. 78.
  164. ^ Chryssides 2001, pp. 78-79.
  165. ^ Chryssides 2001, pp. 80-81.
  166. ^ Chryssides 2001, p. 79.
  167. ^ a b c Beit-Hallahmi 1998, p. 65.
  168. ^ Chryssides 2001, pp. 82-83.
  169. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 50.
  170. ^ Chryssides 2001, pp. 81-82.
  171. ^ a b Melton 2003, p. 107.
  172. ^ Chryssides 2001, p. 83.
  173. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 298.
  174. ^ Chryssides 2001, p. 330.
  175. ^ Johnson, Benton in Klass and Weisgrau 1999, p. 377.
  176. ^ Melton 2003, p. 611.
  177. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 138.
  178. ^ Chryssides 2001, p. 84.
  179. ^ a b Melton 2003, p. 652.
  180. ^ Chryssides 2001, p. 86.
  181. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 365.
  182. ^ Beit-|- | Hallahmi 1993, p. 54.
  183. ^ Chryssides 2001, pp. 86-87.
  184. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 741.
  185. ^ Chryssides 2001, pp. 87-88.
  186. ^ a b c Beit-Hallahmi 1998, p. 76.
  187. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 58.
  188. ^ Chryssides 2001, pp. 88-89.
  189. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 909.
  190. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 58.
  191. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 911.
  192. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 59.
  193. ^ Chryssides 2001, pp. 89-90.
  194. ^ a b c Beit-Hallahmi 1998, p. 79.
  195. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 61.
  196. ^ a b Melton 2003, p. 395.
  197. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 62.
  198. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 62.
  199. ^ a b c d Melton 2003, p. 530.
  200. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 62.
  201. ^ a b c d e Melton 2003, p. 437.
  202. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, pp. 63, 65.
  203. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, pp. 62-63.
  204. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 438.
  205. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 65.
  206. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 653.
  207. ^ Chryssides 2001, pp. 91-92.
  208. ^ a b c Clarke 2008, pp. 508–509.
  209. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 69.
  210. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 690.
  211. ^ Chryssides 2001, pp. 92-93.
  212. ^ a b c Beit-Hallahmi 1998, p. 386.
  213. ^ Chryssides 2001, p. 93.
  214. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, pp. 70-71.
  215. ^ a b c Melton 2003, pp. 413-414.
  216. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, pp. 94, 371.
  217. ^ Chryssides 2001, p. 94.
  218. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 1120.
  219. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 281.
  220. ^ Chryssides 2001, pp. 94-95.
  221. ^ a b c Beit-Hallahmi 1998, p. 97.
  222. ^ Chryssides 2001, p. 71.
  223. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 74.
  224. ^ Lewis 1998, p. 180.
  225. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 951.
  226. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 75.
  227. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 496.
  228. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 247.
  229. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 699.
  230. ^ Chryssides 2001, p. 96.
  231. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 75.
  232. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 691.
  233. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 76.
  234. ^ Chryssides 2001, p. 97.
  235. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 943.
  236. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 1.
  237. ^ Chryssides 2001, p. 98.
  238. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 98.
  239. ^ Chryssides 2001, pp. 48-49.
  240. ^ a b c d e f Melton 2003, p. 915.
  241. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 99.
  242. ^ Chryssides 2001, p. 99.
  243. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 78.
  244. ^ Chryssides 2001, pp. 99-100.
  245. ^ Chryssides 2001, p. 100.
  246. ^ Chryssides 2001, p. 103.
  247. ^ Martin 2007, p. 258.
  248. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 84.
  249. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 916.
  250. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 91.
  251. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 1056.
  252. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, pp. 85-86.
  253. ^ a b c Beckford 2003, p. 156.
  254. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 1055.
  255. ^ Goodrick-Clarke, p. 17.
  256. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 97.
  257. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 1145.
  258. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 97.
  259. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 396.
  260. ^ Lewis 2004, p. 195.
  261. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 1126.
  262. ^ a b c d Beit-Hallahmi 1998, p. 133.
  263. ^ a b Melton 2009, p. 676.
  264. ^ Clarke 2008, p. 185.
  265. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 103.
  266. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 888.
  267. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 104.
  268. ^ a b c Beit-Hallahmi 1998, p. 138.
  269. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 104.
  270. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 482.
  271. ^ [1] . Mini-Consultation on Reaching Mystics and Cultists. Pattaya, Thailand. 1980: LOP 11.1.e. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help); Unknown parameter |unused_data= ignored (help)
  272. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 751.
  273. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 108.
  274. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 843.
  275. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 272.
  276. ^ a b Irons, Edward A (2008), Encyclopedia of Buddhism, Checkmark Books, p. 206, ISBN 0816054592
  277. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, pp. 113-114.
  278. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 117.
  279. ^ a b Melton 2003, p. 648.
  280. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 117.
  281. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 763.
  282. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 119.
  283. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, pp. 122-123.
  284. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 786.
  285. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 129.
  286. ^ a b Melton 2003, p. 1013.
  287. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 133.
  288. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 1014.
  289. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 138.
  290. ^ a b Melton 2003, p. 873.
  291. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 142.
  292. ^ a b c Beit-Hallahmi 1998, p. 179.
  293. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 143.
  294. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 1067.
  295. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 108.
  296. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 451.
  297. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, pp. 146-148.
  298. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 997.
  299. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, pp. 150, 152-153.
  300. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 637.
  301. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 153.
  302. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 153.
  303. ^ Gallagher 2006, p. 86.
  304. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 155.
  305. ^ a b c d e Beit-Hallahmi 1998, p. 197.
  306. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 155.
  307. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, pp. 157-158.
  308. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 1108.
  309. ^ a b c d Krogh 2004, p. 167.
  310. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 158.
  311. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 730.
  312. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 161.
  313. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 1122.
  314. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 161.
  315. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 1019.
  316. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 164.
  317. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 731.
  318. ^ Melton 2003, p. 1039.
  319. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 165.
  320. ^ a b c Beit-Hallahmi 1998, p. 209.
  321. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 165.
  322. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 639.
  323. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, pp. 165-166.
  324. ^ a b Melton 2003, p. 844.
  325. ^ Tucker 2004, pp. 360-362.
  326. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 506.
  327. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, pp. 169, 171.
  328. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 609-610.
  329. ^ Chryssides 2001, pp. 90-91.
  330. ^ a b c Beit-Hallahmi 1998, p. 216.
  331. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, pp. 172-173.
  332. ^ a b c Beit-Hallahmi 1998, p. 217.
  333. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 176.
  334. ^ a b c d e f Melton 2003, p. 1123.
  335. ^ Aldridge 2000, p. 46.
  336. ^ York 1995, p. 293.
  337. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 178.
  338. ^ a b c Beit-Hallahmi 1998, p. 223.
  339. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 181.
  340. ^ a b c d e f Melton 2003, p. 991.
  341. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 184.
  342. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 186.
  343. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 186.
  344. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 602.
  345. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, pp. 186, 188.
  346. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 988.
  347. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, pp. 188, 190.
  348. ^ a b Beit-Hallahmi 1998, p. 233.
  349. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, pp. 190, 192.
  350. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 194.
  351. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 196.
  352. ^ a b c Beit-Hallahmi 1998, p. 243.
  353. ^ Enroth 2005, p. 169.
  354. ^ a b c Beit-Hallahmi 1998, p. 245.
  355. ^ Atkins 2002, p. 217.
  356. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 200.
  357. ^ a b c Melton 2003, pp. 952-953.
  358. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 197.
  359. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 772.
  360. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 202.
  361. ^ a b Melton 2003, p. 809.
  362. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 205.
  363. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 1139.
  364. ^ Barrett 2001, pp. 310-311.
  365. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 1112.
  366. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 207.
  367. ^ a b Melton 2003, p. 923.
  368. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 208.
  369. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 216.
  370. ^ a b c Beit-Hallahmi 1998, p. 266.
  371. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 217.
  372. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 454.
  373. ^ a b c d Clarke 2008, pp. 427–428
  374. ^ Hayes 2006, pp. 16, 18–19
  375. ^ Arweck 2005, pp. 3, 122-123.
  376. ^ Walsh 2004, pp. 174, 180-182.
  377. ^ Gold 2004, p. 46.
  378. ^ Buxant 2008, p. 251.
  379. ^ a b c Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 270.
  380. ^ a b c d Clarke 2008, p. 430
  381. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 225.
  382. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, pp. 224-225.
  383. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 226.
  384. ^ Reiterman 1982, pp. 49-52
  385. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 832.
  386. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 228.
  387. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 849.
  388. ^ a b c Mayer 2004, pp. 123-143.
  389. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, pp. 228-229.
  390. ^ Chryssides 2001, p. 61.
  391. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 234.
  392. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 1059.
  393. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 234.
  394. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 806.
  395. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, pp. 234, 236.
  396. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 732.
  397. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, pp. 236, 238.
  398. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 1051.
  399. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 241.
  400. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 241, 243.
  401. ^ Partridge 2004, pp. 62-64.
  402. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 954.
  403. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 244.
  404. ^ a b Beit-Hallahmi 1998, p. 299.
  405. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, pp. 245-246.
  406. ^ a b c Beit-Hallahmi 1998, p. 301.
  407. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 248.
  408. ^ a b c Tamura 2001, pp. 203-204.
  409. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 249.
  410. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 845.
  411. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 251.
  412. ^ INFORM staff (2001). "Information about Sahaja Yoga" (PDF). INFORM. www.staffs.ac.uk. Retrieved 2009-09-30.
  413. ^ a b c d e f Melton 2003, p. 1029.
  414. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 251.
  415. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, pp. 252, 254.
  416. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 419.
  417. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 210.
  418. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 256.
  419. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 1060-1061.
  420. ^ Partridge 2003, pp. 188, 263–265.
  421. ^ Lewis 2003, p. 42.
  422. ^ Reece 2007, pp. 182-186.
  423. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 816.
  424. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 261.
  425. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 1031.
  426. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 262.
  427. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 621.
  428. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, pp. 262-263.
  429. ^ a b c Melton 2003, pp. 622-623.
  430. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, pp. 263, 265.
  431. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 724.
  432. ^ Lewis 1998, p. 189.
  433. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 619.
  434. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 266.
  435. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 734.
  436. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, pp. 266-267.
  437. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 1081.
  438. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 266.
  439. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, pp. 268-269.
  440. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 1035.
  441. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 271.
  442. ^ Wilson 1999, p. 10.
  443. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 1082.
  444. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 279.
  445. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 981.
  446. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 279.
  447. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 281.
  448. ^ a b c Beit-Hallahmi 1998, p. 344.
  449. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 281.
  450. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 1141.
  451. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, pp. 287-288.
  452. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 1124.
  453. ^ Lyon 2000, p. 106.
  454. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, pp. 292-293, 295-296.
  455. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 1045.
  456. ^ a b c [2]
  457. ^ "The recent and widespread occurrence of cults and sects in Chinese religions is testimony to the people's longing for material and spiritual salvation. Master Lu's True Buddha School philosophy is a response to those needs."
  458. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, pp. 212, 334-335.
  459. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 737.
  460. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 299.
  461. ^ a b c Smith and Prokopy 2003, p. 279-280.
  462. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, pp. 300, 302-303.
  463. ^ a b c Beit-Hallahmi 1998, p. 365.
  464. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 303.
  465. ^ a b Melton 2003, p. 604.
  466. ^ Chryssides 2006, p. 335.
  467. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 304.
  468. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 487.
  469. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, pp. 304-305.
  470. ^ a b c Beit-Hallahmi 1998, p. 371.
  471. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 305.
  472. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 959.
  473. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, pp. 305.
  474. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 855.
  475. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, pp. 287-306.
  476. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 476.
  477. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, pp. 306-307.
  478. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 310.
  479. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 883.
  480. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 311.
  481. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 680.
  482. ^ (Fraternite Blanche Universelle)Mayer 1993, p. 370.
  483. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 880.
  484. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 313.
  485. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 1115.
  486. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 314.
  487. ^ a b c Beit-Hallahmi 1998, p. 382.
  488. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 316.
  489. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 420.
  490. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 318.
  491. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 608.
  492. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 319.
  493. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 884.
  494. ^ Hanegraaff 1998, p. 87.
  495. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 320.
  496. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 856.
  497. ^ Beit-Hallahmi 1993, p. 327.
  498. ^ a b c Melton 2003, p. 688.

References

  • Aldridge, Alan E. (2000). Religion in the Contemporary World: A Sociological Introduction. Polity Press. ISBN 0745620833.
  • Arweck, Elizabeth (2005). Researching New Religious Movements: Responses and Redefinitions. Routledge. ISBN 0759103569.
  • Atkins, Stephen E. (2002). Encyclopedia of Modern American Extremists and Extremist Groups. Greenwood Press. ISBN 0313315027.
  • Barrett, David V. (2001). The New Believers: A Survey of Sects, Cults and Alternative Religions. Cassell. ISBN 0304355925.
  • Beckford, James A. (2003). Social Theory and Religion. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521774314.
  • Beit-Hallahmi, Benjamin (1993). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Active New Religions, Sects, and Cults. Rosen Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0823915057.
  • Beit-Hallahmi, Benjamin (1998). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Active New Religions, Sects, and Cults (Revised Edition). Rosen Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0823925865.
  • Bhugra, Dinesh (1997). Psychiatry and Religion: Context, Consensus and Controversies. Routledge. ISBN 0415165121.
  • Buxant, Coralie (April 2008). "Joining and leaving a new religious movement: A study of ex-members' mental health". Mental Health, Religion & Culture. 11 (3). Center for Psychology of Religion, Department of Psychology, Universite Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium: Routledge: 251–271. doi:10.1080/13674670701247528. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  • Chryssides, George D. (1999). Exploring New Religions. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 370. ISBN 0826459595.
  • Chryssides, George D. (2001). Historical dictionary of new religious movements. The Scarecrow Press, Inc. ISBN 0-8108-4095-2.
  • Chryssides, George D. (2006). The A to Z of New Religious Movements. The Scarecrow Press, Inc. ISBN 0810855887.
  • Clarke, Peter B. (2006). Encyclopedia of New Religious Movements. Routledge. ISBN 978-0415453837.
  • Enroth, Ronald M. (2005). A Guide To New Religious Movements. InterVarsity Press. ISBN 0830823816.
  • Gallagher, Eugene V. (2006). Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America. Greenwood Press. ISBN 0275987132.
  • Gold, Lorna (2004). The Sharing Economy: Solidarity Networks Transforming Globalization. Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 0754633454. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  • Goodrick-Clarke, Nicholas (1993). The Occult Roots of Nazism. NYU Press. ISBN 0814730604.
  • Hanegraaff, Wouter J. (1998). New Age Religion and Western Culture: Esotericism in the Mirror of Secular Thought. State University of New York Press. ISBN 0791438546.
  • Hayes, Michael A. (2006). New Religious Movements in the Catholic Church. Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN 9780826493576.
  • Klass, Morton; Weisgrau, Maxine K. (1999). Across the Boundaries of Belief: Contemporary Issues in the Anthropology of Religion. Boulder, Colorado and Oxford, U.K.: Westview Press. ISBN 978-0-8133-2695-5.
  • Krogh, Marilyn; Pillifant, Brooke Ashley (2004). "Kemetic Orthodoxy: Ancient Egyptian Religion on the Internet: A Research Note". Sociology of Religion. 65 (2): 167–175. doi:10.2307/3712405. {{cite journal}}: More than one of |author2= and |last2= specified (help)
  • Lewis, James R. (1998). The Encyclopedia of cults, sects, and new religions. Prometheus Books. ISBN 1573922226.
  • Lewis, James R. (2003). The Encyclopedic Sourcebook of UFO Religions. Prometheus Books. ISBN 1573929646.
  • Lewis, James R. (2004). Controversial New Religions. Oxford University Press, USA. ISBN 978-0195156829.
  • Lyon, David (2000). Jesus in Disneyland: Religion in Postmodern Times. Polity. ISBN 0745614892.
  • Van Bruinessen, Martin (2007). Sufism and the 'Modern' in Islam (Library of Modern Middle East Studies). I. B. Tauris. p. 258. ISBN 1850438544.
  • Mayer, Jean-François (1993). Les nouvelles voies spirituelles, enquête sur la religiosité parallèle en Suisse (in French). Lausanne: L'Age d'Homme. ISBN 2-8251-0412-4.
  • Mayer, Jean-François; Kranenborg, Reender (23 August 2004). La naissance des nouvelles religions (in French). Genève: Georg. ISBN 2825708771.
  • Melton, J. Gordon (2003). Encyclopedia of American Religions (Seventh edition). Farmington Hills, Michigan: The Gale Group, Inc. ISBN 0-7876-6384-0.
  • Melton, J. Gordon (2009). Melton's Encyclopedia of American Religions (8th edition). Gale. p. 676. ISBN 978-0-787-69696-2.
  • Partridge, Christopher (2004). New Religions: A Guide: New Religious Movements, Sects and Alternative Spiritualities. Oxford University Press, USA. ISBN 0195220420.
  • Partridge, Christopher Hugh (2003). UFO Religions. Routledge. ISBN 0415263247.
  • Reece, Gregory L. (2007). UFO Religion: Inside Flying Saucer Cults and Culture. I. B. Tauris. ISBN 1845114515.
  • Reiterman, Tim (1982). Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People. Dutton. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  • Saliba, John (2003). Understanding New Religious Movements. AltaMira Press. ISBN 0759103569.
  • Smith, Christian (1999). Latin American Religion in Motion. New York, New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-4159-2106-0. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  • Tamura, Yoshiro (2001). Japanese Buddhism: A Cultural History. Kosei Publishing Company. ISBN 4333016843. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  • Tucker, Ruth A. (2004). Another Gospel: Cults, Alternative Religions, and the New Age Movement. Zondervan. ISBN 0310259371.
  • Walsh, Michael (2004). Opus Dei: An Investigation into the Powerful Secretive Society within the Catholic Church. HarperOne. ISBN 0060750685. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  • Wilson, Bryan (1999). New Religious Movements. Routledge. ISBN 0415200490.
  • York, Michael (1995). The Emerging Network. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. ISBN 0847680010.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_new_religious_movements&oldid=362222792"