Belgium in the Eurovision Song Contest
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (October 2013) |
| Belgium | |
|---|---|
| |
| Participating broadcaster | VRT, RTBF |
| Participation summary | |
| Appearances | 61 (51 finals) |
| First appearance | 1956 |
| Highest placement | 1st: 1986 |
 For the most recent participation seeBelgium in the Eurovision Song Contest 2021 | |
Belgium has participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 61 times since making its debut as one of seven countries at the first contest in 1956. The only countries with more appearances are Germany (63), France (62) and the United Kingdom (62). Belgium have been absent only three times in total, in 1994, 1997 and 2001, due to low scores in the previous contests that relegated them from the contest. Belgium has won the contest once, in 1986.
In the first 20 years of the contest, Belgium's best result was Tonia's fourth place in 1966. In 1978, Jean Vallée achieved Belgium's first top three placement, when he was second. Sandra Kim became the first and to date only winner for Belgium in 1986, when she won as a 13-year-old in Bergen, performing the song "J'aime la vie". Belgium's only other top three result came in 2003, when the group Urban Trad finished second in Riga, losing out by only two points. Belgium has finished last in the contest five times, most recently in 2000, and has twice received "nul points" (no points); in 1962 and 1965.
After the introduction of the semi-final round in 2004, Belgium failed to reach the final for five consecutive years (2005–09). Since 2010, Belgium has become more successful, qualifying for the final in five out of nine contests and placing in the top 10 four times, with Tom Dice sixth (2010), Loïc Nottet fourth (2015), Laura Tesoro tenth (2016), and Blanche fourth (2017).
Broadcasting
Belgium has two national broadcasters of the contest, Flemish broadcaster Vlaamse Radio- en Televisieomroep (VRT) and French-speaking broadcaster Radio télévision belge de la communauté française (RTBF). The two broadcasters rotate selection for the Eurovision Song Contest each year (currently starting with 2002, VRT in the even-numbered years and RTBF in the odd-numbered years; until 1993 BRT/BRTN in the odd-numbered years and RTB/RTBF in the even-numbered years).
Contest history
Tonia's fourth-place at the 1966 contest remained Belgium's best result until Jean Vallée finished second in 1978.
Following good results for Stella (fourth in 1982) and Jacques Zegers (fifth in 1984), Belgium finished last for the third time in 1985. This was followed by Belgium's first (and only) Eurovision victory in 1986, when Sandra Kim won with her song "J'aime la vie" in Bergen, Norway. Although she claimed she was 15 years old, she was actually only 13, but was allowed to keep her victory. Currently the minimum age for participation is 16 and thus Sandra Kim will remain the youngest winner unless the age limit is lowered. By winning in 1986, Belgium became the last of the French-speaking countries to win the contest, as France, Luxembourg, Monaco and Switzerland all had won at least once before. Belgium scored an absolute record at the time, with Sandra Kim earning a never seen before number of 176 points (that record remained until 1993, with Ireland scoring 187 points), an average of 9.26 points per voting nation. Kim received 77.2% of the maximum possible score, which, as of 2017, still ranks eighth among all Eurovision winners.
Belgium finished last for the fourth time at the 1993 contest, before achieving its only top ten result of the decade at the 1998 contest in Birmingham, where Mélanie Cohl finished sixth.
2000s
Belgium finished last in the contest for the fifth and (as of 2019) final time at the 2000 contest in Stockholm, before achieving its best result of the 21st century in 2003, where Urban Trad sang in an invented language and earned second place with 165 points, losing out to Turkey's Sertab Erener by just two points. Ishtar did the same in 2008, but finished 17th in the first semi-final, failing to qualify for the final. In the Eurovision Song Contest 2009, Belgium participated in the first semi-final on 12 May 2009, however they received just one point which came from Armenia and left them in second-last position.
2010s
The 2010 entry for Belgium was Tom Dice, runner-up of the Belgian Flemish version of The X Factor in 2008. Dice was internally selected and announced by VRT on 25 November 2009.[1][2] Tom Dice finished first in the first semi-final, allowing Belgium to participate to the final for the first time since the introduction of the semi-finals. He eventually finished sixth (placing second with the juries), Belgium's best result since 2003 and, along with 1959, the best result ever for a Flemish entrant (since all of Belgium's top five placings have been achieved by representatives of the French-language broadcaster RTBF).[3]
In 2011, the entry for Belgium was Witloof Bay. They did not qualify for the finals, finishing 11th only one point behind Moldova, and thus one point behind the qualification.[4]
Due to the good results and the Flemish population's choice, the VRT cancelled 'Eurosong' selection procedure and chose internally for 2012. For the Eurovision Song Contest 2012, they choose 17-year-old singer Iris but decided to let the public choose what song she would sing to represent Belgium. However, she did not qualify after finishing 17th of 18 entrants in the first semi-final, scoring just 16 points which was the second lowest total of all the 36 semi-final entrants.[5][6][7]
In 2013, Roberto Bellarosa, winner of The Voice Belgique, was chosen to represent Belgium for the Eurovision Song Contest 2013 in Malmö, Sweden. Bellarosa made it into the final and finished in 12th place.[8]
In 2014, VRT organized a national final again[9] and 30 participants were selected to enter the castings. Axel Hirsoux won the national final, with more than 50 percent of the televotes and four times (out of seven international juries) the maximum of 12 points from the international juries. The song which represented Belgium was called 'Mother' and is a slow ballad.[10] The song failed to qualify for the final, finishing 14th out of 16.
In 2015, RTBF chose another "The Voice Belgique" participant Loïc Nottet, who came second in 2014. He represented Belgium with his song Rhythm Inside in the first semi-final of the competition. He managed to qualify and came second with 149 points. In the final Loïc finished fourth with 217 points. It was the best result for Belgium since 2003 and it was the highest number of points ever awarded to Belgium. It was also the first time ever that an entry that finished fourth scored over 200 points.
On 26 May 2015 VRT confirmed that it would use Eurosong again as the national final for the 2016 competition. This time the show only had five participants. Eurosong 2016 would span over three shows, but only in the last show could people vote for the entrant who would represent Belgium at the Eurovision Song Contest 2016. On 17 January 2016 Laura Tesoro won Eurosong 2016 with her song What's the Pressure, co-written by Belgian singer Selah Sue. Other contenders were Tom Frantzis, Adil Aarab, Amaryllis Uitterlinden and Astrid Destuyver.
Laura Tesoro performed last at the second semi-final on 12 May 2016, and qualified for the final by finishing in third place on 274 points. In the final on 14 May 2016, she performed first and placed tenth on 181 points.
The Walloon broadcaster RTBF announced on 22 November 2016 that Ellie Delvaux would represent Belgium in the 2017 contest under her stage name Blanche. Blanche had also appeared on "The Voice Belgique", like her predecessors Roberto Bellarosa (2013), Axel Hirsoux (2014) and Loïc Nottet (2015). It will be the fifth consecutive year that the Belgian representative was a former "The Voice" contestant. Laura Tesoro (2016) previously appeared on the Flemish version "The Voice van Vlaanderen".
On 8 March 2017, the song "City Lights" was officially announced as the Belgian entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 2017. It was leaked the night before its official release on 7 March 2017 through Spotify. Competing in the first half of the first semi-final on 9 May 2017, Blanche qualified for the final on 13 May and performed in the second half of the show, finishing in fourth place. Blanche's fourth-place finish gave Belgium its third top six result of the decade. The only other decade where Belgium achieved this, was the 1980s.
During the Eurovision weekend of 2017, Peter Van de Veire announced that VRT would internally select the participant for 2018. On 28 September 2017, VRT announced Laura Groeseneken as the Belgian entrant during the talk show Van Gils & gasten, aired on Één.[11][12] Although initially a favorite with bookmakers, "A Matter of Time" was the first Belgian entry since 2014 to not qualify for the final. She finished 12th with 91 points in the first semi-final.
In January 2019, the RTBF announced that it had internally selected Eliot as their representative for the 2019 contest. His song "Wake Up" was released on the 28th of February 2019. The song was written and produced by Pierre Dumoulin, who also wrote and produced "City Lights" by Blanche. The song competed in the first semi-final on 16 May 2019, but failed to qualify for the grand final for the second year in a row. It was the first RTBF act not to qualify since 2011. The entry finished 13th in the first semi-final scoring 70 points.
2020s
During the 2019 contest, Flemish broadcaster VRT announced that it already was searching a representative for the 2020 contest and that it already had contacted several artists. The broadcaster also revealed that the selection would happen internally and that it would not bring its national final back in 2020.[13] On the 1st of October 2019 Hooverphonic was announced as the Belgian representative for the 2020 contest during the talk show "Vandaag".[14] Their song Release Me was released on the 17th of February and was supposed to be performed in the second half of the first semi-final on the 12th of May. The contest was officially cancelled on the 18th of March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Several days after the announcement broadcasters RTBF and VRT agreed that the band would be their representative for the 2021 contest.[15]
Contestants
1
|
Winner |
2
|
Second place |
3
|
Third place |
◁
|
Last place |
X
|
Entry selected but did not compete |
Selection process
While VRT normally hosts a national final, Eurosong, when selecting their entries for Eurovision, it has been normal for RTBF to hold an internal selection process (although it has been known for RTBF to hold a national final at times, for example in 1998, 2005[17][18] and 2011, while VRT internally chose Tom Dice for the 2010 edition and Sennek for the 2018 edition).
| Year | Selection process | Broadcaster | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1956 | Internal selection | INR | |
| 1957 | Artist: Internal selection Song: National final with 3 songs |
NIR | |
| 1958 | National final | INR | |
| 1959 | National final with 2 participants | NIR | |
| 1960 | National final with 5 participants | INR | |
| 1961 | National final with 6 participants | BRT | |
| 1962 | National final with 5 participants | RTB | |
| 1963 | National final with 6 participants | BRT | |
| 1964 | Internal selection | RTB | |
| 1965 | Artist: Internal selection Song: National final with 6 songs |
BRT | |
| 1966 | Artist: Internal selection Song: National final with 4 songs |
RTB | |
| 1967 | National final with 7 participants | BRT | |
| 1968 | National final with 10 participants | RTB | |
| 1969 | Artist: Internal selection Song: National final with 6 songs |
BRT | |
| 1970 | National final with 4 participants | RTB | |
| 1971 | National final with 12 participants | BRT | |
| 1972 | Artist: Internal selection Song: National final with 10 songs |
RTB | |
| 1973 | National final with 10 participants | BRT | |
| 1974 | Artist: Internal selection Song: National final with 6 songs |
RTB | |
| 1975 | National final with 10 participants | BRT | |
| 1976 | National final with 5 participants | RTB | |
| 1977 | National final with 3 participants | BRT | |
| 1978 | National final with 8 participants | RTBF | |
| 1979 | Artist: Internal selection Song: National final with 3 songs |
BRT | |
| 1980 | National final with 7 participants | RTBF | |
| 1981 | National final with 10 participants | BRT | |
| 1982 | National final with 4 participants | RTBF | |
| 1983 | National final with 9 participants | BRT | |
| 1984 | National final with 10 participants | RTBF | |
| 1985 | Internal selection | BRT | |
| 1986 | National final with 9 participants | RTBF | |
| 1987 | National final with 11 participants | BRT | |
| 1988 | National final with 12 participants | RTBF | |
| 1989 | BRT | ||
| 1990 | Internal selection | RTBF | |
| 1991 | Artist: Internal selection Song: National final with 3 songs |
BRT | |
| 1992 | National final with 10 participants | RTBF | |
| 1993 | National final with 12 participants | BRTN | |
| 1994 | Did not participate | ||
| 1995 | National final with 10 participants | RTBF | |
| 1996 | National final with 12 participants | BRTN | |
| 1997 | Did not participate | ||
| 1998 | National final with 10 participants | RTBF | |
| 1999 | National final with 8 participants | VRT | |
| 2000 | National final with 10 participants | RTBF | |
| 2001 | Did not participate | ||
| 2002 | National final with 7 participants | VRT | |
| 2003 | Internal selection | RTBF | |
| 2004 | National final with 7 participants | VRT | |
| 2005 | National final with 2 participants | RTBF | |
| 2006 | National final with 7 participants | VRT | |
| 2007 | Internal selection | RTBF | |
| 2008 | National final with 5 participants | VRT | |
| 2009 | Internal selection | RTBF | |
| 2010 | VRT | ||
| 2011 | National final with 14 participants | RTBF | |
| 2012 | Artist: Internal selection Song: National final with 2 songs |
VRT | |
| 2013 | Artist: Internal selection Song: National final with 3 songs |
RTBF | |
| 2014 | National final with 6 participants | VRT | |
| 2015 | Internal selection | RTBF | |
| 2016 | National final with 5 participants | VRT | |
| 2017 | Internal selection | RTBF | |
| 2018 | VRT | ||
| 2019 | RTBF | ||
| 2020 | VRT | ||
| 2021 | Internal selection | VRT & RTBF | |
Hostings
| Year | Location | Venue | Presenter |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1987 | Brussels | Centenary Palace | Viktor Lazlo |
Awards
Barbara Dex Award
| Year | Performer | Host city | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | Nathalie Sorce |  Stockholm
|
Related involvement
Conductors
| Year | Conductor[f] | Notes | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1956 | Léo Souris | [22] | |
| 1957 |  Willy Berking
|
Host conductor | |
| 1958 |  Dolf van der Linden
| ||
| 1959 | Francis Bay | ||
| 1960 | Henri Segers | ||
| 1961 | Francis Bay | ||
| 1962 | Henri Segers | ||
| 1963 | Francis Bay | ||
| 1964 | Henri Segers | ||
| 1965 | Gaston Nuyts | ||
| 1966 |  Jean Roderes
|
Host conductor | |
| 1967 | Francis Bay | ||
| 1968 | Henri Segers | ||
| 1969 | Francis Bay | ||
| 1970 | Jack Say | [23] | |
| 1971 | Francis Bay | ||
| 1972 | Henri Segers | ||
| 1973 | Francis Bay | ||
| 1974 |  Pierre Chiffre
|
||
| 1975 | Francis Bay | ||
| 1976 | Michel Bernholc
|
||
| 1977 |  Alyn Ainsworth
|
||
| 1978 | Jean Musy
|
||
| 1979 | Francis Bay | ||
| 1980 | No conductor | [24] | |
| 1981 | Giuseppe Marchese | ||
| 1982 | Jack Say | ||
| 1983 | Freddy Sunder | ||
| 1984 | Jo Carlier | ||
| 1985 | Curt-Eric Holmquist
|
Host conductor | |
| 1986 | Jo Carlier | ||
| 1987 | Freddy Sunder | [g] | |
| 1988 | Daniel Willem | ||
| 1989 | Freddy Sunder | ||
| 1990 | Rony Brack | ||
| 1991 | Roland Verlooven | ||
| 1992 | Frank Fievez | ||
| 1993 | Bert Candries | ||
| 1995 | Alec Mansion | ||
| 1996 | Bob Porter | ||
| 1998 | No conductor |
Commentators and spokespersons
| This section needs additional citations for verification. (December 2019) |
Belgium has two public broadcast stations VRT (Dutch speaking region) & RTBF (French speaking region). Both broadcast the event and over the years VRT and RTBF commentary has been provided by several experienced radio and television presenters, including Nand Baert, Jacques Mercier, Luc Appermont and Paule Herreman. However, from the 1991 Contest, André Vermeulen has provided the Dutch language commentary every year, with the exception of the 1996 Contest. Whilst Jean-Pierre Hautier has provided the French language commentary every year since the 1994 Contest until the 2013 contest. In 1962, then BRT used the commentary from NOS (The Netherlands broadcast), the reason for that was unknown.
Since 1998 VRT has supplied a dual commentator to join André Vermeulen, between 1999 and 2010 Dual commentary was provided by Bart Peeters and Anja Daems. Peeters provided the commentary during the years when VRT selected the entries whilst Daems commentated the years RTBF selected the entries. Since 2011 Sven Pichal has replaced Daems as commentator, whilst Peter Van de Veire has replaced Peeters. Since 2007 Jean-Louis Lahaye has joint Jean-Pierre Hautier as dual commentator for RTBF. After Hautier's death in 2012 Lahaye was joined by Maureen Louys in 2013.
| Year | Flemish commentator | French-speaking commentator | Spokesperson | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1956 | Nand Baert | Janine Lambotte | No spokesperson | |
| 1957 | Nic Bal | Bert Leysen | ||
| 1958 | Arlette Vincent | Paule Herreman | ||
| 1959 | Paule Herreman | Bert Leysen | ||
| 1960 | Georges Désir | Arlette Vincent | ||
| 1961 | Robert Beauvais | Ward Bogaert | ||
| 1962 | Willem Duys | Nicole Védrès | Arlette Vincent | |
| 1963 | Herman Verelst, Denise Maes | Pierre Delhasse | Ward Bogaert | |
| 1964 | Herman Verelst | Paule Herreman | André Hagon | |
| 1965 | Ward Bogaert | |||
| 1966 | André Hagon | |||
| 1967 | Ward Bogaert | |||
| 1968 | André Hagon | |||
| 1969 | Ward Bogaert | |||
| 1970 | Jan Theys | André Hagon | ||
| 1971 | Herman Verelst | No spokesperson | ||
| 1972 | ||||
| 1973 | ||||
| 1974 | Georges Désir | André Hagon | ||
| 1975 | Willem Duys | Paule Herreman | Ward Bogaert | |
| 1976 | Luc Appermont | Georges Désir | André Hagon | |
| 1977 | Patrick Duhamel | An Ploegaerts | ||
| 1978 | Claude Delacroix | André Hagon | ||
| 1979 | Paule Herreman | An Ploegaerts | ||
| 1980 | Jacques Mercier | Jacques Olivier | ||
| 1981 | Walter De Meyere | |||
| 1982 | Jacques Olivier | |||
| 1983 | An Ploegaerts | |||
| 1984 | Jacques Olivier | |||
| 1985 | An Ploegaerts | |||
| 1986 | Jacques Olivier | |||
| 1987 | Claude Delacroix | An Ploegaerts | ||
| 1988 | Pierre Collard-Bovy | Jacques Olivier | ||
| 1989 | Jacques Mercier | An Ploegaerts | ||
| 1990 | Claude Delacroix | Jacques Olivier | ||
| 1991 | André Vermeulen | An Ploegaerts | ||
| 1992 | Jacques Olivier | |||
| 1993 | An Ploegaerts | |||
| 1994 | Jean-Pierre Hautier | Did not participate | ||
| 1995 | Marie-Françoise Renson "Soda" | |||
| 1996 | Michel Follet, Johan Verstreken | Jean-Pierre Hautier, Sandra Kim | An Ploegaerts | |
| 1997 | André Vermeulen | Jean-Pierre Hautier | Did not participate | |
| 1998 | André Vermeulen, Andrea Croonenberghs | Marie-Hélène Vanderborght | ||
| 1999 | André Vermeulen, Bart Peeters | Sabine De Vos | ||
| 2000 | André Vermeulen, Anja Daems | Thomas Van Hamme | ||
| 2001 | Did not participate | |||
| 2002 | André Vermeulen, Bart Peeters | Geena Lisa | ||
| 2003 | André Vermeulen, Anja Daems | Corinne Boulangier | ||
| 2004 | André Vermeulen, Bart Peeters | Martine Prenen | ||
| 2005 | André Vermeulen, Anja Daems | Armelle Gysen | ||
| 2006 | André Vermeulen, Bart Peeters | Yasmine | ||
| 2007 | André Vermeulen, Anja Daems | Jean-Pierre Hautier, Jean-Louis Lahaye | Maureen Louys | |
| 2008 | André Vermeulen, Bart Peeters | Sandrine Van Handenhoven | ||
| 2009 | André Vermeulen, Anja Daems | Maureen Louys | ||
| 2010 | André Vermeulen, Bart Peeters | Katja Retsin | ||
| 2011 | André Vermeulen | Maureen Louys | ||
| 2012 | Peter Van de Veire | |||
| 2013 | André Vermeulen, Tom De Cock | Maureen Louys, Jean-Louis Lahaye | Barbara Louys | |
| 2014 | Peter Van de Veire, Eva Daeleman | Angelique Vlieghe | ||
| 2015 | Walid | |||
| 2016 | Peter Van de Veire | Umesh Vangaver | ||
| 2017 | Fanny Gillard | |||
| 2018 | Danira Boukhriss Terkessidis | |||
| 2019 | David Jeanmotte |
Gallery
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See also
- Belgium in the Eurovision Choir of the Year – A competition organised by the EBU for non-professional choirs.
- Belgium in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest – Junior version of the Eurovision Song Contest.
- Belgium in the Eurovision Young Dancers – A competition organised by the EBU for younger dancers aged between 16 and 21.
- Belgium in the Eurovision Young Musicians – A competition organised by the EBU for musicians aged 18 years and younger.
Notes and references
Notes
- ^ a b The full results for the first contest in 1956 are unknown, only the winner was announced. The official Eurovision site lists all the other songs as being placed second.[16]
- ^ Spain originally gave its 12 points to Israel and 10 to Norway. After the broadcast it was announced that Spanish broadcaster wrongly tallied the votes and Germany should have got the top mark - 12 points - instead of being snubbed, as it happened. The mistake was corrected and so Germany was placed 7th over Norway. Israel and Norway both received 2 points less than originally and Croatia, Malta, Portugal, United Kingdom, Netherlands, Belgium, Estonia and Turkey all received one point less than indicated during the broadcast.
- ^ According to the then-Eurovision rules, the top ten non-Big Four countries from the previous year along with the Big Four automatically qualified for the Grand Final without having to compete in semi-finals. For example, if Germany and France placed inside the top ten, the 11th and 12th spots were advanced to next year's Grand Final along with all countries ranked in the top ten.
- ^ Although the song is in English, the French title is repeated throughout the song.
- ^ The 2020 contest was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
- ^ All conductors are of Belgian nationality unless otherwise noted.
- ^ The contest was organized by RTBF, but the Belgian entry was from BRT, hence Walloon Jo Carlier serving as musical director (and conducting for Cyprus) while a Flemish conductor led the Belgian entry.
References
- ^ Hondal, Victor (25 November 2009). "Tom Dice to represent Belgium in Oslo". ESCToday. Archived from the original on 28 November 2009. Retrieved 25 November 2009.
- ^ "Tom Dice gaat naar het Eurovisiesongfestival" (in Dutch). VRT. 25 November 2009. Archived from the original on 29 November 2009. Retrieved 25 November 2009.
- ^ "Eurovision 2010: complete televoting and jury results". wiwibloggs.com. 30 June 2010. Retrieved 23 March 2014.
- ^ "Semi-final results at Eurovision 2011". wiwibloggs.com. 15 May 2011. Retrieved 23 March 2014.
- ^ Sietse (9 September 2009). "Eén begraaft Eurosong als selectie voor het Songfestival" (in Dutch). VRT. Archived from the original on 27 September 2011.
- ^ Sietse (14 February 2011). "No Euroson in 2012 but internal" (in Dutch).
- ^ http://www.eurovision.tv/page/history/by-year/contest?event=1573
- ^ Griper, Ann (19 May 2013). "Who are Eurovision Song Contest 2013 winners? Full results table". Mirror.co.uk. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
- ^ "Belgium: VRT confirms participants for Eurosong 2014". wiwibloggs.com. 24 January 2014. Retrieved 23 March 2014.
- ^ "Belgium: Axel Hirsoux wins Eurosong with 'Mother'". wiwibloggs.com. 16 March 2014. Retrieved 23 March 2014.
- ^ Jiandani, Sanjay (28 September 2017). "Belgium: VRT will reveal the Belgian act for Eurovision 2018 tonight". Esctoday.com. Retrieved 28 September 2017.
- ^ "Laura Groeseneken naar het Eurovisiesongfestival!" (in Dutch). VRT. 28 September 2017. Retrieved 28 September 2017.
- ^ "Belgische selectie 2020: "Gesprekken met artiesten op longlist aan de gang"" (in Dutch). Songfestival.be. 15 May 2019. Retrieved 22 May 2019.
- ^ "Hooverphonic gaat naar het Songfestival voor België: "het nummer zal ons DNA hebben"" (in Dutch). VRT NWS. 1 October 2019. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
- ^ "Hooverphonic neemt volgend jaar deel aan het Eurovisiesongfestival:"We hebben er nog altijd enorm veel zin in"" (in Dutch). VRT NWS. 20 March 2020. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
- ^ Barclay, Simon (17 June 2010). The Complete and Independent Guide to the Eurovision Song Contest 2010. Silverthorn Press. p. 24. ISBN 978-1-4457-8415-1.
- ^ "Belgian National Final 1998". Archived from the original on 22 October 2009. Retrieved 2009-04-04.
- ^ "Belgian National Final 2005". Archived from the original on 22 October 2009. Retrieved 2009-04-04.
- ^ NWS, VRT (18 March 2020). "Door coronacrisis kan ook Songfestival niet doorgaan in 2020, Hooverphonic reageert: "wereldgezondheid gaat voor"". vrtnws.be (in Dutch). Retrieved 23 March 2020.
- ^ NWS, VRT (20 March 2020). "Hooverphonic neemt volgend jaar deel aan het Eurovisiesongfestival: "We hebben er nog altijd enorm veel zin in"". vrtnws.be (in Dutch). Retrieved 23 March 2020.
- ^ Adams, William Lee (9 July 2015). "Poll: Who was the worst dressed Barbara Dex Award winner?". Wiwibloggs. Retrieved 8 December 2019.
- ^ Roxburgh, Gordon (2012). Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Vol. Volume One: The 1950s and 1960s. Prestatyn: Telos Publishing. pp. 93–101. ISBN 978-1-84583-065-6.
{{cite book}}:|volume=has extra text (help) - ^ Roxburgh, Gordon (2014). Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Vol. Volume Two: The 1970s. Prestatyn: Telos Publishing. pp. 142–168. ISBN 978-1-84583-093-9.
{{cite book}}:|volume=has extra text (help) - ^ Roxburgh, Gordon (2016). Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Vol. Volume Three: The 1980s. Prestatyn: Telos Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84583-118-9.
{{cite book}}:|volume=has extra text (help) - ^ a b c d e f g Granger, Anthony (20 May 2018). "EBU Wants to See More Commentators Attend the Eurovision Song Contest". eurovoix.com. Retrieved 12 December 2019.
- ^ "Peter Van de Veire: "Als ik een voetballer was, zou ik iedereen onderuit schoppen"". niewsblad.be (in Dutch). 3 March 2018. Retrieved 12 December 2019.
- ^ Granger, Anthony (22 April 2018). "Belgium: Danira Boukhriss Terkessidis Revealed as Spokesperson". eurovoix.com. Retrieved 12 December 2019.
- ^ "Tweede halve finale van het Songfestival verhuist naar Ketnet". hln.be (in Dutch). 26 April 2019. Retrieved 12 December 2019.
- ^ Granger, Anthony (14 March 2019). "Belgium: Maureen Louys & Jean-Louis Lahaye Confirmed As Commentators For Tel Aviv". eurovoix.com. Retrieved 12 December 2019.
- ^ "Eurovision 2019 Spokespersons – Who will announce the points?". eurovisionworld.com. 18 May 2019. Retrieved 12 December 2019.
