Project 211
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Project 211 (Chinese: 211工程; pinyin: èryāoyāo gōngchéng or èryīyī gōngchéng) is a project of National Key Universities and colleges initiated in 1995 by the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, with the intent of raising the research standards of high-level universities and cultivating strategies for socio-economic development. During the first phase of the project, from 1996 to 2000, approximately US$2.2 billion was distributed.[1]
By 2008, China had 116 institutions of higher education (about 6 percent) designated as 211 Project institutions for having met certain scientific, technical, and human resources standards and offering advanced degree programs). Project 211 schools take on the responsibility of training four-fifths of doctoral students, two-thirds of graduate students, half of students from abroad and one-third of undergraduates. They offer 85% of the state's key subjects, hold 96% of the state's key laboratories, and consume 70% of scientific research funding.[2] According to the Academic Ranking of World Universities 2018/19 and the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2019/20, most of these universities in the Project 211 are ranked among the top 1000 universities worldwide.[3][4]
The name for the project comes from an abbreviation of the slogan "面向21世纪,办好100所高校 (In preparation for the 21st century, successfully managing 100 universities)". One hundred was the approximate number of participating universities.[5]
Since 2014, Project 211 was less mentioned and gradually succeeded by a new project called plan 111 (Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities).[6][7]
In September 2017, a related plan called the Double First Class University Plan was announced.[8][9] It was unclear whether this plan represents a new way of ranking universities in China,[8] or replaces Project 211 and Project 985.[9]
List of universities
- Anhui University
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing Foreign Studies University
- Beijing Forestry University (also known as Beilin University)
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing Jiaotong University
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing Sport University
- Beihang University (formerly known as Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics)
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications
- Beijing University of Technology
- Central China Normal University
- Central Conservatory of Music
- Central South University
- Central University of Finance and Economics
- Chang'an University
- China Agricultural University
- China Pharmaceutical University
- China University of Geosciences
- China University of Geosciences (Beijing)
- China University of Mining and Technology
- China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing)
- China University of Petroleum (Beijing)
- China University of Petroleum (Huadong)
- China University of Political Science and Law
- Chongqing University
- Communication University of China
- Dalian Maritime University
- Dalian University of Technology
- Donghua University
- East China Normal University
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Fourth Military Medical University
- Fudan University
- Fuzhou University
- Guangxi University
- Guizhou University
- Hainan University
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Hebei University of Technology
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hohai University
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Hunan Normal University
- Hunan University
- Inner Mongolia University
- Jinan University
- Jiangnan University
- Jilin University
- Lanzhou University
- Liaoning University
- Minzu University of China (formerly known as the Central University for Nationalities)
- Nanchang University
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nankai University
- Ningxia University
- National University of Defense Technology
- North China Electric Power University
- North China Electric Power University (Baoding)
- Northeast Agricultural University
- Northeast Forestry University
- Northeast Normal University
- Northeastern University
- Northwest A&F University
- Northwest University
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Ocean University of China
- Peking University
- Qinghai University
- Renmin University of China
- Second Military Medical University
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Shandong University
- Shanghai International Studies University
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai University of Finance and Economics
- Shihezi University
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Sichuan University
- South China Normal University
- South China University of Technology
- Southeast University
- Southwest University
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Southwestern University of Finance and Economics
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Soochow University
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Tianjin Medical University
- Tianjin University
- Tibet University
- Tongji University
- Tsinghua University
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- Beijing University of International Business and Economics
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Xiamen University
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xidian University
- Xinjiang University
- Yanbian University
- Yunnan University
- Zhejiang University
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhongnan University of Economics and Law
See also
- Project 985
- 863 Program
- Chinese university ranking (Chinese Academy of Management Science)
- Rankings of universities in China
- List of universities in China
- Science and technology in China
- C9 League
- Double First Class University
References
- ^ Li Lixu (2004). "China's Higher Education Reform 1998-2003: A Summary" (PDF). Asia Pacific Education Review. V (1): 14–22. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 23, 2010.
- ^ Over 10 billion yuan to be invested in "211 Project" - People's Daily Online Archived 2008-04-28 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "World University Rankings". Times Higher Education (THE). August 20, 2019. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
- ^ "ARWU World University Rankings 2019 | Academic Ranking of World Universities 2019 | Top 1000 universities | Shanghai Ranking - 2019". www.shanghairanking.com. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
- ^ ""211工程"大事记". Ministry of Education, PRC (in Chinese). Archived from the original on November 22, 2016. Retrieved March 8, 2017.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on September 9, 2017. Retrieved September 9, 2017.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) 南京有高校称“211建设”已暂停 - ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on September 9, 2017. Retrieved September 9, 2017.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) 985、211取消后 仅88所高校入选“111计划”(名单) - ^ a b "China to develop 42 world-class universities". People's Daily. September 21, 2017.
- ^ a b "双一流大学 (shuāngyīliú dàxué): Double top university plan". Archived from the original on September 25, 2017.