Jump to content

Derby

Coordinates: 52°55′18″N 01°28′36″W / 52.92167°N 1.47667°W / 52.92167; -1.47667
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Citation bot (talk | contribs) at 05:49, 15 November 2022 (Alter: template type. Add: date, newspaper. Removed parameters. Some additions/deletions were parameter name changes. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Headbomb | Linked from Wikipedia:WikiProject_Academic_Journals/Journals_cited_by_Wikipedia/Sandbox2 | #UCB_webform_linked 663/2778). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

This article is about the city in England. For other uses, see Derby (disambiguation).

Derby
City and unitary authority area
City of Derby
Derby Skyline and landmarks, clockwise from top left: Quad, Derby Cathedral, Derbion
Derby Skyline and landmarks, clockwise from top left: Quad, Derby Cathedral, Derbion
Coat of arms of Derby
Coat of arms
Motto(s): 
"Industria, Virtus, et Fortitudo"
Shown within Derbyshire
Shown within Derbyshire
Derby is located in the East Midlands
Derby
Derby
Location within the East Midlands
Derby is located in the United Kingdom
Derby
Derby
Location within the United Kingdom
Coordinates: 52°55′18″N 01°28′36″W / 52.92167°N 1.47667°W / 52.92167; -1.47667
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
CountryEngland
RegionEast Midlands
Ceremonial countyDerbyshire
Admin HQDerby
SettledAD 600
City status1977
Government
 • TypeUnitary authority, city
 • Governing bodyDerby City Council
 • LeadershipLeader and Cabinet
 • ExecutiveNo overall control
 • MPs
Area
 • City and unitary authority area30.13 sq mi (78.03 km2)
Population
 (2021 Census)
 • City and unitary authority area261,400
 • Metro
1,543,000 (Nottingham-Derby)[1]
 • Ethnicity
(Office for National Statistics 2011 Census)[2]
  • 80.2% White
  • 12.6% Asian
  • 3.0% Black British
  • 1.3% Other
  • 2.9% Mixed Race
Time zoneUTC+0 (Greenwich Mean Time)
Postcode span
DE1, DE3, DE21-24, DE73
Area code01332
Grid Ref.SK3536
ONS code
  • 00FK (ONS)
  • E06000015 (GSS)
ISO 3166-2GB-DER
NUTS 3UKF11
DemonymDerbeian
Websitederby.gov.uk

Derby (/ˈdɑːrbi/ ⓘ DAR-bee) is a city and unitary authority area in Derbyshire, England. It lies on the banks of the River Derwent in the south of Derbyshire, which is in the East Midlands Region. It was traditionally the county town of Derbyshire.[nb 1] Derby gained city status in 1977, the population size has increased by 5.1%, from around 248,800 in 2011 to 261,400 in 2021.[3]

Derby was settled by Romans, who established the town of Derventio, later captured by the Anglo-Saxons, and later still by the Vikings, who made their town of Djúra-bý one of the Five Boroughs of the Danelaw. Initially a market town, Derby grew rapidly in the industrial era. Home to Lombe's Mill, an early British factory, Derby has a claim to be one of the birthplaces of the Industrial Revolution.[citation needed] It contains the southern part of the Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site. With the arrival of the railways in the 19th century, Derby became a centre of the British rail industry.

Derby is a centre for advanced transport manufacturing, being home to the world's second largest aero-engine manufacturer: Rolls-Royce. Bombardier Transportation has a production facility at the Derby Litchurch Lane Works while Toyota Manufacturing UK's automobile headquarters is located southwest of the city at Burnaston.

History

See also: Timeline of Derby

Origins

The tower of Derby Cathedral.[4]
View of Derby Cathedral's facing clock tower

The Roman camp of "Derventio" is considered to have been at Little Chester/Chester Green (grid reference SK353375), the site of the old Roman fort. Later, the town was one of the "Five Boroughs" (fortified towns) of the Danelaw, until it was captured by Lady Aethelflaed of Mercia in July 917, after which the town was annexed to the Kingdom of Mercia.[5]

The Viking name Djúra-bý, recorded in Old English as Deoraby, means "village of the deer". However, the origin of the name Derby has had multiple influences: a variation of the original Roman name Derventio with pronunciation of the letter "v" as "b", becoming Derbentio, and later Derby, along with a link to the river Derwent – from the Celtic meaning "valley thick with oaks"[6] – which flows through the city, triggering a shortened version of Derwent by, meaning 'Derwent settlement'.

The town name appears as Darbye on early maps, such as that of John Speed, 1610.[7]

Modern research (2004) into the history and archaeology of Derby has provided evidence that the Vikings and Anglo-Saxons would have co-existed, occupying two areas of land surrounded by water. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (c. 900) says that "Derby is divided by water". These areas of land were known as Norþworþig ("Northworthy"="north enclosure") and Deoraby, and were at the "Irongate" (north) side of Derby.[8]

16th–18th centuries

During the Civil War of 1642–1646, Derby was garrisoned by Parliamentary troops commanded by Sir John Gell, 1st Baronet, who was appointed Governor of Derby in 1643. These troops took part in the defence of nearby Nottingham, the siege of Lichfield, the battle of Hopton Heath and many other engagements in Nottinghamshire, Staffordshire and Cheshire, as well as successfully defending Derbyshire against Royalist armies.

The first civic system of piped water in England was established in Derby in 1692, using wooden pipes,[9] which was common for several centuries.[10] The Derby Waterworks included waterwheel-powered pumps for raising water out of the River Derwent and storage tanks for distribution.[11] This was designed and built by local engineer George Sorocold.[12]

Bonnie Prince Charlie set up camp at Derby on 4 December 1745, whilst on his way south to seize the British crown. The prince called at The George Inn on Irongate, where the Duke of Devonshire had set up his headquarters, and demanded billets for his 9,000 troops.

Statue of Bonnie Prince Charlie on Cathedral Green

He stayed at Exeter House, Full Street, where he held a "council of war". A replica of the room is on display at Derby Museum in the city centre. He had received misleading information about an army coming to meet him south of Derby. Although he wished to continue with his quest, he was over-ruled by his fellow officers. He abandoned his invasion at Swarkestone Bridge on the River Trent just a few miles south of Derby. As a testament to his belief in his cause, the prince – who on the march from Scotland had walked at the front of the column – made the return journey on horseback at the rear of the bedraggled and tired army.

Shrovetide football was played at Derby every year, possibly from as early as the 12th century. The town was split into the St Peter's and All Saints parishes, who fought to bring the ball from the Market Place to a goal within their own parishes.[13] There were several attempts to ban the game, described in 1846 as "the barbarous and disgusting play of Foot-Ball, which for a great number of years has annually disgraced our town". In that year the military were brought in and after the police cut the first ball to pieces, another ball was produced and the town's Mayor was "stuck on the shoulder by a brick-bat, hurled by some ferocious ruffian, and severely bruised".[14] The Derby Football was banned in 1846, although it was played once more in 1870.[15]

Industrial Revolution

Derby and Derbyshire were among the centres of Britain's Industrial Revolution. In 1717, Derby was the site of the first water-powered silk mill in Britain, built by John Lombe and George Sorocold, after Lombe had reputedly stolen the secrets of silk-throwing from Piedmont in Italy (he is alleged to have been poisoned by the Piedmontese as revenge in 1722).[16]

In 1759, Jedediah Strutt patented and built a machine called the Derby Rib Attachment[17] that revolutionised the manufacture of hose. This attachment was used on the Rev. Lee's Framework Knitting Machine; it was placed in front of – and worked in unison with – Lee's Frame, to produce ribbed hose (stockings). The partners were Jedediah Strutt, William Woollatt (who had been joined in 1758 by John Bloodworth and Thomas Stafford, all leading hosiers in Derby). The patent was obtained in January 1759. After three years, Bloodworth and Stafford were paid off, and Samuel Need – a hosier of Nottingham – joined the partnership. The firm was known as Need, Strutt and Woollatt. The patent expired in 1773[17] though the partnership continued until 1781 when Need died.

Messrs Wright, the bankers of Nottingham, recommended that Richard Arkwright apply to Strutt and Need for finance for his cotton spinning mill. The first mill opened in Nottingham in 1770 and was driven by horses. In 1771 Richard Arkwright, Samuel Need and Jedediah Strutt built the world's first commercially successful water-powered cotton spinning mill at Cromford, Derbyshire, developing a form of power that was to be a catalyst for the Industrial Revolution.[18][19][20]

This was followed in Derbyshire by Jedediah Strutt's cotton spinning mills at Belper. They were: South Mill, the first, 1775; North Mill, 1784, which was destroyed by fire on 12 January 1803 and then rebuilt, starting work again at the end of 1804; West Mill, 1792, commenced working 1796; Reeling Mill, 1897; Round Mill, which took 10 years to build, from 1803 to 1813, and commenced working in 1816; and Milford Mills, 1778. The Belper and Milford mills were not built in partnership with Arkwright; they were all owned and financed by Strutt.

Other notable 18th-century figures with connections to Derby include the painter Joseph Wright, known as Wright of Derby, who was known for his innovative use of light in his paintings and was an associate of the Royal Academy; and John Whitehurst, a clockmaker and philosopher. Erasmus Darwin, doctor, scientist, philosopher and grandfather of Charles Darwin, whose practice was based in Lichfield, Staffordshire, was a frequent visitor to Derby, having founded the Derby Philosophical Society.

Derby's place in the country's philosophical and political life continued with Henry Hutchinson, an active member of the Fabian Society. On his death in 1894, he left the society an amount in his will which was instrumental in founding the London School of Economics.[21]

The beginning of 19th century saw Derby emerging as an engineering centre, with manufacturers such as James Fox, who exported machine tools to Russia.

In 1840, the North Midland Railway set up its works in Derby and when it merged with the Midland Counties Railway and the Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway to form the Midland Railway, Derby became its headquarters. The connection with the railway encouraged others, notably Andrew Handyside, Charles Fox and his son Francis Fox.

A permanent military presence was established in the city with the completion of Normanton Barracks in 1877.[22]

Derby was one of the boroughs reformed by the Municipal Corporations Act 1835, and it became a county borough with the Local Government Act 1888. The borough expanded in 1877 to include Little Chester and Litchurch, and then in 1890 to include New Normanton and Rowditch. The borough did not increase substantially again until 1968, when under a recommendation of the Local Government Boundary Commission it was expanded into large parts of the rural district of Belper, Repton and South East Derbyshire. This vastly increased Derby's population from 132,408 in the 1961 census to 219,578 in the 1971 census.[23]

Derby Silk Mill is part of the Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site

Despite being one of the areas of Britain furthest from the sea, Derby holds a special place in the history of marine safety – it was as MP for Derby that Samuel Plimsoll introduced his bills for a "Plimsoll line" (and other marine safety measures). This failed on first introduction, but was successful in 1876 and contributed to Plimsoll's re-election as an MP.

20th century to present day

An industrial boom began in Derby when Rolls-Royce opened a car and aircraft factory in the town in 1907. In 1923, the Midland Railway became part of the London, Midland & Scottish Railway with headquarters in London. However, Derby remained a major rail manufacturing centre, second only to Crewe and Wolverton. Moreover, it remained a design and development centre and in the 1930s, on the direction of Lord Stamp, the LMS Scientific Research Laboratory was opened on London Road.[citation needed]

In 1911, the Derby Wireless Club was formed by a group of local engineers and experimenters. It was to be the first radio or "wireless club" in the country.[24][25] The early activities of the club, (even through World Wars), pushed the boundaries of 'wireless' technologies at the time in England, and promoted it into becoming a hobby for many local folk. {Over later years, as radio technology progressed, the club transitioned to become the Derby & District Amateur Radio Society (DADARS), continuing to host meetings and events for radio hobbyists with all the new technologies, into the early 2020s.}

In World War I, Derby was targeted by German Zeppelin air bombers, who killed five people in a 1916 raid on the town.[26]

All Saints Church was designated as a cathedral in 1927, signalling that the town was ready for city status.[27]

Slum clearance in the 1920s and 1930s saw the central area of Derby become less heavily populated as families were rehoused on new council estates in the suburbs, where houses for private sale were also constructed. Rehousing, council house building and private housing developments continued on a large scale for some 30 years after the end of World War II in 1945.[28]

Production and repair work continued at the railway works. In December 1947 the Locomotive Works unveiled Britain's first mainline passenger diesel-electric locomotive – "Number 10000". In 1958 production switched over to diesel locomotives completely. Meanwhile, the Carriage & Wagon Works were building the first of the Diesel Multiple Units that were to take over many of the services.

In 1964 the British Rail Research Division opened to study all aspects of railway engineering from first principles. Its first success was in drastically improving the reliability and speed of goods trains, work which led to the development of the Advanced Passenger Train.

Derby was awarded city status on 7 June 1977 by Queen Elizabeth II to mark the 25th anniversary of her ascension to the throne.[29] The Queen presented the "charter scroll" or "letters patent" in person on 28 July 1977 on the steps of the Council House to the then Mayor Councillor Jeffrey Tillet (Conservative).[30] Until then, Derby had been one of the few towns in England with a cathedral but not city status.

Derby holds an important position in the history of the Labour movement as one of two seats (the other being Keir Hardie's in Merthyr Tydfil) gained by the recently formed Labour Representation Committee at the 1900 general election. The MP was Richard Bell, General Secretary of the Railway Servants Union. Bell was succeeded in 1910 by Jimmy Thomas and he in turn by the distinguished polymath and Nobel Laureate Philip Noel-Baker in 1936.

Despite its strategic industries (rail and aero-engine), Derby suffered comparatively little damage in both world wars (contrast Bristol and Filton). This may in part have been because of jamming against the German radio-beam navigations systems (X-Verfahren and Knickebein, camouflage and decoy techniques ("Starfish sites") were built, mainly south of the town, e.g. out in fields near Foremark.[31][32])

Derby has also become a significant cultural centre for the deaf community in Britain. Many deaf people move to Derby because of its strong sign language-using community.[citation needed] It is estimated that the deaf population in Derby is at least three times higher than the national average, and that only London has a larger deaf population.[citation needed] The Royal School for the Deaf on Ashbourne Road provides education in British Sign Language and English.

Government

Derby Council House

Local government

See also: Derby local elections

By traditional definitions, Derby is the county town of Derbyshire, although Derbyshire's administrative centre has in recent years been Matlock.[citation needed] On 1 April 1997, Derby City Council became again a unitary authority (a status it had held, as a county borough, up until 1974), having previously been administered from Matlock along with the rest of Derbyshire. On 7 July 2014, Derby's first ever Youth Mayor, Belal Butt (a student from Chellaston Academy), was elected by the Mayor of Derby.[33]

Derby is divided into seventeen electoral wards, each of which elects three members of Derby City Council.[34]

Ward Areas within the ward
Abbey Stockbrook and Normanton (part of)
Allestree Allestree and Markeaton Park
Alvaston Alvaston, Crewton, Litchurch, Pride Park, Wilmorton and Allenton (part of)
Arboretum City Centre, Pear Tree and Rose Hill
Blagreaves Sunny Hill and Littleover (part of)
Boulton Boulton and Allenton (part of)
Chaddesden Chaddesden (older part of)
Chellaston Chellaston and Shelton Lock
Darley Darley Abbey, Five Lamps, Little Chester (also known as Chester Green), Strutt's Park, Six Streets and West End
Derwent Breadsall Hilltop and Chaddesden (newer part of)
Littleover Littleover (most of) and Heatherton Village
Mackworth Mackworth and Morley Estate
Mickleover Mickleover
Normanton Normanton (most of) and Austin Estate
Oakwood Oakwood and Chaddesden (part of)
Sinfin Sinfin, Osmaston and Stenson Fields (part of)
Spondon Spondon

UK parliament

Derby was a single United Kingdom Parliamentary constituency represented by two members of parliament until 1950, when it was divided into the single-member constituencies of Derby North and Derby South. However, in 2010, the wards of Allestree, Oakwood and Spondon were moved to the new constituency of Mid Derbyshire, created for the 2010 general election.[citation needed] As of 2020, Derby is represented by three MPs.

Derby North Derby South Mid Derbyshire
Amanda Solloway Margaret Beckett Pauline Latham
Conservative Labour Conservative
Representation of The Derby Ram in East Street

City emblem

Derby's emblem is the Derby Ram, about which there is a folk song titled "The Derby Ram". It is found in a number of places, most notably serving as the nickname of Derby County F.C. The logo of the City Council's services is a stylised ram.

Geography

Derby is in a relatively low-lying area along the lower valley of the River Derwent, where the south-east foothills of the Pennines adjoin the lowlands and valley of the River Trent to the south.[35] The city is bordered by four national character areas, the Trent Valley Washlands to the south, the Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire and Yorkshire Coalfields in the east, the South Derbyshire Claylands in the west, and the Derbyshire Peak Fringe in the north. Most of the flat plains surrounding Derby lie in the Trent Valley Washlands and South Derbyshire Claylands, while the hillier, northern parts of the city lie within the Derbyshire Peak Fringe and the Coalfields.[36]

The city is around 16 miles (26 km) from Coton in the Elms, the farthest place from coastal waters in the United Kingdom.

Derby built-up area, also showing Quarndon

Derby urban area

The Derby Built-up Area (BUA) or Derby Urban Area is an area including Derby and adjoining built-up districts of Derbyshire, including Borrowash and Duffield. The Office for National Statistics defines an urban area as one which is built upon, with nearby areas linked if within 200 metres.[37][38] It had a total population of 270,468 at the time of the 2011 census.[39] An increase of over 10% since the 2001 census recorded population of 236,738;[40] comprising population increases since 2001 along with new minor residential areas, and larger sub-divisions.The Derby built-up area is considered to be most of the city, as well as outlying villages within the districts of Amber Valley and Erewash which adjoin the city. This overall area is, by ONS' figures, the 29th largest in the UK.

Because methods of measuring linked areas were redefined for the 2011 census, Breadsall, Duffield and Little Eaton were included. However, Quarndon is not considered to be a component as it is marginally too distant. It extends south to small adjoining estates in the South Derbyshire district, at Boulton Moor/Thulston Fields, Stenson Fields, and the Mickleover Country Park residential development (The Pastures)[41] within Burnaston parish. The urban area is bounded to the east by a narrow gap between Borrowash and Draycott (to the west of the Breaston urban area sub-division of the Nottingham BUA). It is also close to other nearby urban areas to the north.

Urban subdivision Population District
2001 census 2011 census
Derby 229,407 255,394 City of Derby
Borrowash 5,621 7,335 Erewash
Duffield 5,046 Amber Valley
Little Eaton 1,920 Erewash
Ockbrook 1,710 Erewash
Breadsall 773 Erewash
Total 236,738 270,468

Notes:

  • Ockbrook included in Borrowash figure in 2011.
  • Derby unitary authority 2001/2011 population figures were 221,716 and 244,625,[42] the table ONS subdivision figures also containing small adjoining estates outside the city boundary at Boulton Moor/Thulston Fields, Stenton Fields, and Burnaston.
  • Quarndon, although very close to the BUA is considered to be a separate area.

Green belt

Main article: Nottingham and Derby Green Belt

Derby has a green belt area defined to the north and east of the city, first drawn up in the 1950s, to prevent convergence with the surrounding towns and villages. It extends for several miles into the counties of Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire, covering much of the area up to Nottingham.

Climate

Derby's climate is classified as warm and temperate. The rainfall in Derby is significant, with precipitation even during the driest month. This location is classified as Cfb according to the Köppen climate classification. Under the Köppen climatic classification, Derby, in spite of its distance from large bodies of water, has an oceanic climate along with the rest of the British Isles. The average annual temperature is 9.7 °C in Derby. Precipitation here averages 694 mm.[43]

Climate data for Derby
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 6.0
(42.8) 		6.7
(44.1) 		9.7
(49.5) 		12.6
(54.7) 		16.4
(61.5) 		19.7
(67.5) 		21.3
(70.3) 		20.7
(69.3) 		18.0
(64.4) 		14.0
(57.2) 		9.3
(48.7) 		7.1
(44.8) 		13.5
(56.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) 3.2
(37.8) 		3.8
(38.8) 		6.1
(43.0) 		8.6
(47.5) 		12.0
(53.6) 		15.1
(59.2) 		16.8
(62.2) 		16.2
(61.2) 		13.8
(56.8) 		10.4
(50.7) 		6.3
(43.3) 		4.3
(39.7) 		9.7
(49.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 0.5
(32.9) 		0.9
(33.6) 		2.6
(36.7) 		4.6
(40.3) 		7.6
(45.7) 		10.6
(51.1) 		12.4
(54.3) 		11.8
(53.2) 		9.7
(49.5) 		6.8
(44.2) 		3.4
(38.1) 		1.6
(34.9) 		6.0
(42.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 62
(2.4) 		49
(1.9) 		53
(2.1) 		51
(2.0) 		55
(2.2) 		58
(2.3) 		55
(2.2) 		64
(2.5) 		59
(2.3) 		58
(2.3) 		63
(2.5) 		67
(2.6) 		694
(27.3)
Source: [44]

Nearby settlements

Demography

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1801 14,695—    
1851 48,506+230.1%
1901 118,469+144.2%
1921 142,824+20.6%
1941167,321+17.2%
1951 181,423+8.4%
1961 199,578+10.0%
1971 219,558+10.0%
1981 214,424−2.3%
1991 225,296+5.1%
2001 221,716−1.6%
2011 248,700+12.2%
[45]
Population pyramid of Derby (unitary authority) in 2020

Ethnicity

Ethnic Group 1991[46] 2001[47] 2011[48]
Number % Number % Number %
White: Total 197,658 90.3% 193,881 87.4% 199,751 80.3%
White: British – – 187,104 84.4% 187,386 75.3%
White: Irish – – 3,060 2,319
White: Gypsy or Irish Traveller – – – – 295
White: Other – – 3,717 9,751
Asian or Asian British: Total 15,285 7% 19,390 8.7% 31,095 12.5%
Asian or Asian British: Indian 8388 8,505 10,907
Asian or Asian British: Pakistani 5537 8,790 14,620
Asian or Asian British: Bangladeshi 145 210 658
Asian or Asian British: Chinese 557 857 1,292
Asian or Asian British: Other Asian 658 1,028 3,618
Black or Black British: Total 4,653 2.1% 3,895 1.8% 7,320 2.9%
Black or Black British: Caribbean 3176 3,108 3,405
Black or Black British: African 235 438 3,156
Black or Black British: Other Black 1242 349 759
Mixed or British Mixed: Total – – 3,968 1.8% 7,232 2.9%
Mixed: White and Black Caribbean – – 2,293 3,916
Mixed: White and Black African – – 200 533
Mixed: White and Asian – – 980 1,772
Mixed: Other Mixed – – 495 1,011
Other: Total 1,206 0.5% 574 0.3% 3,354 1.3%
Other: Arab – – – – 861 0.3%
Other: Any other ethnic group 1206 0.5% 574 0.3% 2,493 1%
Total 218,802 100% 221,708 100% 248,752 100%

Religion

Religion 2001[49] 2011[50]
Number % Number %
Holds religious beliefs 169,073 76.2 163,141 65.6
Christian 149,471 67.4 131,129 52.7
Buddhist 448 0.2 822 0.3
Hindu 1,354 0.6 2,198 0.9
Jewish 141 0.1 110 0.0
Muslim 9,958 4.5 19,006 7.6
Sikh 7,151 3.2 8,891 3.6
Other religion 550 0.2 985 0.4
(No religion and Religion not stated) 52,635 23.8 85,611 34.4
No religion 35,207 15.9 68,668 27.6
Religion not stated 17,428 7.9 16,943 6.8
Total population 221,708 100% 248,752 100%

Industry

Old steam crane, manufactured by "Henry J. Coles", in Derby. Villalba station, Spain.

Derby's two biggest employers,[51] Rolls-Royce Holdings and Toyota, are engaged in engineering manufacturing. Other companies of note include railway systems engineering firm Bombardier Transportation, who manufacture railway rolling stock at Derby Litchurch Lane Works (acquired by Alstom in 2021); First Source, who deal with much of Sky's telephone support; and Triton Equity, who took over Alstom's manufacturing plant for large power plant boilers and heat exchangers in 2014.[52]

Derby power station on Silkmill Lane supplied electricity to the town and the surrounding area from 1893 until its closure in 1969.[53]

From 1922 Sinfin Lane was the home of the 62-acre (250,000 m2) site of International Combustion, originally manufacturers of machinery for the automatic delivery of pulverised fuel to furnaces and boilers, and later producing steam-generating boilers for use in electrical generating plant such as used in power stations. In the 1990s the firm was bought by Rolls-Royce plc and then sold on again to ABB Group.[54]

Derby was the home of Core Design (originally based on Ashbourne Road), who developed the successful video game Tomb Raider. When Derby's inner ring road was completed in 2010, a section of it was named 'Lara Croft Way' after the game's heroine Lara Croft.

One of Derby's longest-established businesses is Royal Crown Derby, which has been producing porcelain since the 1750s.

The Midlands Co-operative Society, a predecessor of Central England Co-operative, traced its origins to Derby Co-operative Provident Society which, in 1854, was one of the first co-operatives in the region.

Infinity Park Derby is a planned business park for aerospace, rail and automotive technology adjacent to the Rolls-Royce site in Sinfin. In December 2014, the government announced that the park would gain enterprise zone status by being added to Nottingham Enterprise Zone.[55]

Railway engineering

Annual dinner of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers held in the carriage works of the Midland Railway at Derby in 1898. Samuel Johnson, the railway's Chief Mechanical Engineer was the institution president.

As a consequence of the Midland Railway having their headquarters in Derby, along with their Locomotive and Carriage & Wagon Works, the railways had been a major influence on the development of the town during the Victorian period.[citation needed]

During the 20th century, railway manufacturing developed elsewhere, while in Derby the emphasis shifted to other industries. Even though it had pioneered the introduction of diesel locomotives, new production finished in 1966.[citation needed] Repair work gradually diminished until the locomotive works closed, the land being redeveloped as Pride Park. The only buildings remaining are those visible from Platform 6 of the station.

The Carriage and Wagon Works has been owned by Alstom since 2021 and continues to build trains.[56] The Railway Technical Centre continues to house railway businesses; this formerly included the headquarters of DeltaRail Group (previously known as the British Rail Research Division).

Derby railway station retains an important position in the railway network. East Midlands Railway operate Derby Etches Park depot while Network Rail and Rail Operations Group also maintain trains in Derby. The city is favoured as a site for a national railway centre.[57]

Derby is also the headquarters of the Derby Railway Engineering Society,[58] founded in 1908 to promote railway engineering expertise both in the city and nationally.

Landmarks

Derby Cathedral tower is 212 ft (65 m) tall to the tip of the pinnacles. This has been home to a pair of breeding peregrine falcons since 2006,[59] monitored by four webcams.[60]

Derby Gaol is a visitor attraction based in the dungeons of the Derbyshire County Gaol, which dates back to 1756.

Derby Museum of Making is housed in Derby Silk Mill and shows the industrial heritage and technological achievement of Derby, including Rolls-Royce aero engines, railways, mining, quarrying and foundries. On 10 May 2022 it was annoounced that the Museum of Makinig was short-listed for the 2022 Art Fund Museum of the Year award.[61] The Silk Mill stands at the southern end of the 24 km (15 mi) stretch of the River Derwent designated a World Heritage Site in 2001.

Pickford's House Museum

Pickford's House Museum was built by architect Joseph Pickford in 1770. It was his home and business headquarters. Derby Museum and Art Gallery shows paintings by Joseph Wright, as well as fine Royal Crown Derby porcelain, natural history, local regiments and archaeology. Pickford also designed St Helen's House in King Street.

The skyline of the inner city changed in 1968 when the inner ring road with its two new crossings of the River Derwent was built. The route of the ring road went through the St Alkmund's Church and its Georgian churchyard, the only Georgian square in Derby. Both were demolished to make way for the road, a move still criticised today. Thus the editor (Elizabeth Williamson) of the 2nd edition of Pevsner for Derbyshire wrote: "...the character and cohesion of the centre has been completely altered by the replacement of a large number of C18 houses in the centre by a multi-lane road. As a traffic scheme this road is said to be a triumph; as townscape it is a disaster."

Places of interest

Derby Guildhall, the former seat of local government, today serves primarily as a 240-seat theatre. It was rebuilt after the previous hall was destroyed by fire in 1841.

Transport

Roads

Mercian Way, looking across Abbey Street towards Uttoxeter New Road

The city has extensive transport links with other areas of the country. The M1 motorway passes about ten mi (16 km) east of the city, linking Derby southwards to the London area and northwards to Sheffield and Leeds. Other major roads passing through or near Derby include the A6 (historically the main route from London to Carlisle, also linking to Leicester and Manchester), A38 (Bodmin to Mansfield via Bristol and Birmingham), A50 (Warrington to Leicester via Stoke-on-Trent), A52 (Newcastle-under-Lyme to Mablethorpe, including Brian Clough Way linking Derby to Nottingham) and A61 (Derby to Thirsk via Sheffield and Leeds).

On 16 March 2011, Mercian Way, the final section of the city's inner ring road, was opened to traffic.[62] This new section connects Burton Road with Uttoxeter New Road, and crosses Abbey Street. Abbey Street is the only road between the two ends from which Mercian Way can be accessed.

Railways

Derby railway station

Derby railway station is operated by East Midlands Railway and is served by express services to London, the North East and South West, provided by East Midlands and CrossCountry. There also remain local stations at Peartree and Spondon, although services are limited, especially at the former.

Air

East Midlands Airport is about fifteen mi (24 km) from Derby city centre. Its proximity to Derby, the fact that the airport is in Leicestershire, and the traditional rivalry between the three cities (Derby, Leicester and Nottingham), meant that there was controversy concerning the airport's decision to prefix its name with Nottingham in 2004[citation needed]. In 2006, Nottingham East Midlands Airport reverted to its previous name. The airport is served by budget airlines, including Ryanair and Jet2, with services to domestic and European destinations.

Derby Airfield, approximately 7 mi (11 km) southwest of the city centre, has grass runways targeted at general aviation.

Bus and coach

The Derby bus station has 29 bays, 5 for coaches and 24 for general bus services.[citation needed] Local bus services in and around Derby are run by a number of companies, but principally Trentbarton and Arriva Midlands. The city is on National Express' London to Manchester and Yorkshire to the South West routes.

Culture, entertainment and sport

On 8 October 2021 it was announced that Derby had been included in the longlist of bids to host UK City of Culture 2025, but in March 2022 it failed to make it onto the shortlist.[63]

Music

In rock music, the blues singer-songwriter Kevin Coyne came from Derby, as does the three-piece rock band LostAlone, and indie/glam rock band The Struts. The ska punk band Lightyear also hail from the city, naming their second album Chris Gentlemens Hairdresser and Railway Book Shop after a shop in Macklin Street.[citation needed]

The pop band White Town is from Derby, and their video "Your Woman" features scenes from the city centre.

Derby band The Beekeepers were signed to Beggars Banquet Records between 1993 and 1998. Singer Jamie East later went on to create entertainment website Holy Moly and present Big Brother's Bit on the Side.

One of Derby's bands is Anti-Pasti, whose debut 1981 album The Last Call reached the top 40 in the UK album charts. The band reformed in 2012 and again with altered line up in 2014.

Sinfonia Viva is a chamber orchestra based in Derby, presenting concerts and educational events in the city, across the East Midlands, and occasionally further afield.[64]

A full-scale programme of orchestral and other concerts was presented by Derby LIVE at the Assembly Rooms, though this is currently closed following fire damage in March 2014; performances continue to take place at the smaller Guildhall Theatre, and in Derby Cathedral. The amateur classical music scene includes two choral societies, Derby Bach Choir and Derby Choral Union; smaller choirs including the Derwent Singers and Sitwell Singers; and Derby Concert Orchestra. Derby Chamber Music presents an annual series of chamber music concerts at Derby University's Multifaith Centre. A series of organ recitals is presented every summer at Derby Cathedral.[65]

The folk-music scene includes the annual Derby Folk Festival.[66][67] Derby Jazz promotes a year-round series of performances and workshops.[68] Kaleidoscope Community Music includes Kaleidoscope Community Choir and Calidoscopio Carnival Drummers.[69]

Other music venues in the city include The Venue on Abbey Street, The Hairy Dog on Becket Street, Ryan's Bar in the St Peter's Quarter, The Flowerpot on King Street, and The Victoria Inn.

Theatre and arts

Derby has had a number of theatres, including the Grand Theatre which was opened from 1886[70] until 1950. This replaced the earlier Theatre Royal.[citation needed]

After a lengthy period of financial uncertainty, Derby Playhouse closed in February 2008. It was resurrected in September of that year after a new financing package was put together but forced to close again just two months later because of further financial problems. The lease was later bought by Derby University and the building was renamed Derby Theatre. Along with the Assembly Rooms and Guildhall Theatre, it was operated by Derby LIVE, the cultural arm of Derby City Council. In 2012 Derby University took over as sole operator of Derby Theatre; Sarah Brigham was appointed artistic director, and has been in post since January 2013.

QUAD is a centre for art and film that opened in 2008. The building has two cinema screens showing independent and mainstream cinema, two gallery spaces housing contemporary visual arts, a digital studio, participation spaces, digital editing suites, artists studio and the BFI Mediatheque. QUAD organises the annual Derby Film Festival, and the FORMAT international photography festival, held every two years at various venues throughout the city.

The Robert Ludlam Theatre, on the campus of Saint Benedict Catholic School and Performing Arts College, is a 270-seat venue with a programme of entertainment including dance, drama, art, music, theatre in the round, comedy, films, family entertainment, rock and pop events and workshops. The theatre company Oddsocks is based in Derby and stages productions in the city and the surrounding area, as well as travelling the country.[71]

Déda, established in 1991, is the only dedicated dance house in the East Midlands region, acting as a local, regional and national resource for dance and aerial artists and contemporary circus. Déda houses a 124-capacity studio theatre, three dance studios, meeting room facilities and the CUBE café bar. It offers a weekly class programme and a year-round professional performance programme for children, young people and adults, and a community development programme. Déda now hosts a BA degree in Dance in partnership with the University of Derby.[72]

Derby Book Festival, first held in 2015, takes place in late spring/early summer, with events throughout the city.[73] An additional "Autumn edition" was first held in October 2019.

Derby Festé[74] is a weekend street arts festival held at the end of September every year. The first Six Streets Arts trail was in June 2012,[75] took place again in 2013 and will now be a biennial event. It includes strong input from the local History Network[76] which was awarded a Heritage Lottery grant to pursue its work on marking the 100th anniversary of World War 1.

John Dexter the theatre director and the actor Alan Bates were from Derby. John Osborne wrote his play Look Back in Anger in 1956 while living in Derby and working at Derby Playhouse.[77]

Sport

Pride Park Stadium

Derby gained a high profile in sport following the appointment of Brian Clough as manager of Derby County F.C. in 1967. Promotion to the Football League First Division was achieved in 1969, and County were champions of the English league three years later. Following Clough's resignation in 1973, his successor Dave Mackay guided Derby County to another league title in 1975, but this remains to date the club's last major trophy; relegation followed in 1980 and top flight status was not regained until 1987, since when Derby have spent a total of 11 seasons (1987–1991, 1996–2002, 2007–2008) in the top flight.[78] Other former managers of the club include Arthur Cox, Jim Smith, John Gregory and George Burley. Former players include Colin Todd, Roy McFarland (who both later had brief and unsuccessful stints as manager at the club), Dave Mackay, Peter Shilton, Dean Saunders, Craig Short, Marco Gabbiadini, Horacio Carbonari, Fabrizio Ravanelli, Steve Bloomer and Tom Huddlestone. The club moved from its century-old Baseball Ground in 1997 to the new Pride Park Stadium.[78] The club's most recent spell as a top-division (FA Premier League) club ended in May 2008 after just one season, during which the club won just one out of 38 league games and finished with just 11 points, the lowest in the history of the Premier League.[79]

There are three senior non-league football clubs based in the city. Mickleover Sports play at Station Road, Mickleover, and are members of the EvoStik Northern Premier League (the seventh level of the English football league system). Graham Street Prims and Borrowash Victoria are both members of the East Midlands Counties League (level ten) and play on adjacent grounds at the Asterdale complex in Spondon.

Derbyshire County Cricket Club are based at the County Ground in Derby and play almost all home matches there, although matches at Chesterfield were re-introduced in 2006. One of the designated first class county sides, they have won the County Championship once, in 1936.

Derby has clubs in both codes of rugby. In rugby union, Derby RFC play in Midlands Division One East (the sixth level of English rugby union) at their Haslams Lane ground. Rugby league team Derby City RLFC were formed in 1990 and compete in the Midlands Premier Division of the National Rugby League Conference. From 2008 they are ground-sharing with Derby RFC at Haslams Lane.

The city is represented in the English Basketball League Division One by Derby Trailblazers, who play at the Moorways Sports Centre. They were formed in 2002 following the demise of British Basketball League side Derby Storm.

Derby-born Melissa Reid

Team Derby, based at Derby Arena, won the inaugural National Badminton League title in 2014–15. The Arena, opened in 2015, also contains a velodrome that has hosted the Revolution cycling series.

Local industrialist Francis Ley introduced baseball to the town in the late 19th century, and built a stadium near the town centre. The attempt to establish baseball in Derby was unsuccessful, but the stadium survived for some 100 years afterwards as the home of Derby County Football Club. It was demolished in 2003, six years after County's move to Pride Park.

Professional golfer Melissa Reid was born in Derby in 1987. She plays on the Ladies European Tour,[80] and was a member of the victorious European Team in the 2011 Solheim Cup.

Arthur Keily the marathon runner and Olympian was born in Derbyshire in 1921 and has lived his whole life in Derby. In Rome in 1960 he broke the English Olympic record, recording a time of 2 hours 27 mins.[81][82]

Recreation

The restored Grove Street Lodge and "Grand Entrance" at the northern end of the Arboretum

Derby Arboretum, donated to the town by local philanthropist Joseph Strutt in 1840, was the first planned urban public park in the country. Although it suffered from neglect in the 1990s, it has been renovated. It has been claimed to have been one of the inspirations for Central Park in New York.[83]

Markeaton Park is Derby's most used leisure facility.[84] Other major parks in the city include Allestree Park, Darley Park, Chaddesden Park, Alvaston Park, Normanton Park and Osmaston Park. Derby is believed to be one of the country's highest, if not the highest, ranking cities for parkland per capita. Darley and Derwent Parks lie immediately north of the city centre. Derby Rowing Club and Derwent Rowing Club are located on the banks of the river, where there is also a riverside walk and cycle path.

On 10 November 2021, Derby City Council approved plans for the UK's first large-scale urban rewilding project, in Allestree Park.[85]

Shopping and nightlife

Ye Olde Dolphin Inne

Shopping in central Derby is divided into three main areas. These are the Cathedral Quarter, the St Peters Quarter and the Derbion shopping centre. The Cathedral Quarter was Derby's first BID (Business Improvement District), and includes a large range of shops, boutiques, coffee shops and restaurants. It is focused around the cathedral and the area around Irongate and Sadler Gate. It includes the Market place, the Guildhall and Assembly Rooms along with the City Museum and the Silk Mill industrial museum.

The St Peters Quarter is Derby's second Business Improvement District, brought into effect in the summer of 2011. Its boundary with the Cathedral Quarter follows Victoria Street, beneath which flows the underground course of the Markeaton Brook. The quarter boasts a diverse range of retail shops, many of them, in Green Lane, Babington Lane, Osmaston Road and elsewhere, independent traders. St Peters Street, London Road and East Street also include a large choice of national retailers and pubs, restaurants, banks and offices. The quarter includes the historic St Peters Church and, on St Peter's Churchyard, the medieval Derby School building. Nearby also is the Old Courthouse and several other notable buildings. At the eastern end of the quarter is the bus station along with the Hilton Hotel and Holiday Inn, part of the Riverlights Development on the banks of the Derwent.

Derbion is the city's main indoor shopping centre. It opened in 2007 as Westfield Derby after extension work costing £340 million, subsequently being sold to Intu in March 2014.[86] It contains a food court and a 12-screen cinema (Showcase – Cinema De Lux) which was opened in May 2008. The development was controversial and local opponents accuse it of drawing trade away from the older parts of the city centre where independent shops are located. Some of these experienced a downturn in trade and some have ceased trading since the development opened leading to the "Lanes" project which eventually became the second BID and the formation of St Peters Quarter. In the centre itself, a combination of high rents and rising rates have made things difficult for smaller traders.[87]

The Friar Gate area contains clubs and bars, making it the centre of Derby's nightlife. Derby is also well provided with pubs and is renowned for its large number of real ale outlets. The oldest pub is the Grade II listed Ye Olde Dolphin Inne, dating from the late 16th century.[88]

Out-of-town shopping areas include the Kingsway Retail Park, off the A38; the Wyvern Retail Park, near Pride Park; and the Meteor Centre, on Mansfield Road.

Education

See also: List of schools in Derby

Like most of the UK, Derby operates a non-selective primary and secondary education system with no middle schools. Pupils attend infant and junior school (often in a combined primary school) before moving onto a secondary school. Many of the secondary schools have sixth forms, allowing pupils to optionally take A Levels after the end of compulsory education. For those who want to stay in education but leave school, the large Derby College provides post-16 courses for school leavers, apprentices and employer-related training. It has two main campuses: the Joseph Wright Centre in the centre of Derby, where its A Level courses are based, and the historical Derby Roundhouse, the college's vocational training hub, providing a centre for apprenticeships such as engineering, catering and hair and beauty. The college also works in partnership with schools across the county to provide vocational training opportunities for students aged 14 upwards. Training for companies is undertaken through its Corporate College.

Inside the state sector, there are 15 secondary schools. These are: Allestree Woodlands School, Alvaston Moor Academy, Bemrose School, Chellaston Academy, City of Derby Academy, Da Vinci Academy, Derby Manufacturing UTC, Derby Moor Academy, Derby Pride Academy, Landau Forte College, Lees Brook Community School, Littleover Community School, Merrill Academy, Murray Park School, Noel-Baker Academy, Saint Benedict Catholic Voluntary Academy and West Park School.

Outside the state sector, there are three fee-paying independent schools. Derby Grammar School was founded in 1994 and was for boys only until 2007, when they accepted girls into the sixth form for the first time. They aim to continue the work and traditions of the former Derby School, which closed in 1989, one of the oldest schools in England.[citation needed] Derby High School is for girls-only for senior and sixth form and for girls and boys at primary level.

Derby has special needs establishments including Ivy House School at the Derby Moor Community Sports College (which takes pupils from nursery to sixth form) and the Light House which is a respite facility for children and parents. Allestree Woodlands School have a Hearing Impaired department, and Saint Benedict have an Enhanced Resource Base for pupils to access specialised support within mainstream schooling. There also a number of alternative provision schools, including Derby Pride Academy.

The University of Derby has its main campus on Kedleston Road. There is another campus in north Derbyshire at Buxton.

In 2003 the University of Nottingham opened a graduate entry medical school based at Royal Derby Hospital. The university also has its School of Nursing and Midwifery there, having moved from its former home at the London Road Community Hospital in mid-2012.

Media

The Derby Telegraph (formerly the Derby Evening Telegraph) is the city's daily newspaper. Crime writer Richard Cox set his first book around his own experience as a Derby Telegraph reporter in the 1970s.[89] The Derby Trader was a free weekly newspaper that is no longer in print. BBC Radio Derby, the BBC's local station for Derbyshire and East Staffordshire, is based on St Helen's Street in the city and offers local, national and international news, features, music and sports commentaries. It is available on 104.5 FM and 1116 AM, on 95.3 FM in north and mid-Derbyshire and on 96.0 FM in the Buxton area, as well as being streamed on the internet. The BBC in Derby have their own local website for the area providing news, travel and weather information, as well as other features.

Capital East Midlands is the biggest commercial radio station in the city, broadcasting to Derby on 102.8 FM from the transmitter at Drum Hill, just outside the city. It broadcasts a Contemporary Hit Radio (CHR) format, with Top 40 chart hits aimed at the city's under-35s.

Notable people

Arts, literature and music

Films, theatre, TV and radio

Academics, science, business and engineering

Politics, religion and law

Sports

International relations

Osnabrück partnership treaty

Derby is twinned with Osnabrück in Germany. The partnership treaty between the two cities was signed on 17 February 1976.[192]

The twinning agreement with Derby was in the historical Hall of Peace in Osnabrück's Rathaus (town hall). Every year, Derby and Osnabrück each appoint an envoy who spends twelve months in the twin city. The envoy promotes the exchange of ideas between the two cities and acts as an educational and information officer to increase awareness of the twinning scheme. The envoy gives talks to local societies and schools, finds pen friends and short-term host families during work placements, works to assist groups who want to get involved in twinning by identifying and approaching possible counterparts and plans the annual May Week trip.

There is an annual exchange between the wind bands of John Port Spencer Academy, Etwall, and its twin school Gymnasium Melle in Melle, Germany, District of Osnabrücker Land. An exchange was established in 2009 between Allestree Woodlands School and the Gymnasium Angelaschule in Osnabrück. This exchange was originally based on a drama project by both schools in June 2009, which included performances in both cities with over 1600 visitors. It is now a language and culture exchange between the two schools, run by the German department at Allestree Woodlands School.

The exchange of envoys between two cities is very unusual. The envoy in Osnabrück changes every year and Osnabrück also sends envoys to Derby, Angers and Çanakkale. No other city in Germany participates in this exchange of envoys, and in Britain, only one other town, Wigan, receives and sends an envoy.

List of twin towns

Freedom of the City

The following people and military units have received the Freedom of the City of Derby.

Individuals

Military units

Notes

  1. ^ Matlock is generally considered the county town since the relocation of the Derbyshire County Council headquarters there in 1956.

References

  1. ^ "British Urban Pattern: Population Data (Epson)" (PDF). Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 14 September 2014.
  2. ^ "Resident Population Estimates by Ethnic Group (Percentages)". Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original on 28 September 2013. Retrieved 23 July 2010.
  3. ^ "How the population changed in Derby, Census 2021 - ONS". www.ons.gov.uk. Retrieved 9 November 2022.
  4. ^ "Derby Cathedral". You & Yesterday. Archived from the original on 12 May 2008. Retrieved 4 February 2008.
  5. ^ Walker, Ian W (2000). Mercia and the Making of England Sutton ISBN 0-7509-2131-5.
  6. ^ Ekwall, Eilert (1960) [1936]. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place Names (Fourth ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 143. ISBN 0-19-869103-3.
  7. ^ "Map of Derbyshire". British Library Prints. Archived from the original on 13 April 2019. Retrieved 12 February 2019.
  8. ^ The Rivers of Time Ron McKeown, ISBN 0-9530603-7-3
  9. ^ Flanders, Judith (2014). The Making of Home. Thomas Dunne Books. p. 246. ISBN 978-1-250-06735-7.
  10. ^ "The History of Sanitary Sewers - Pipes - Wood". Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 15 April 2021.
  11. ^ "George Sorocold – Derby Waterworks". Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 15 April 2021.
  12. ^ "George Sorocold". Engineering Timelines. Archived from the original on 15 June 2021. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  13. ^ Seddon, Peter (16 February 2015). "Shrovetide Football – the original Derby Game". Derbyshire Life. Archived from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
  14. ^ Derby Mercury, 25 February 1846
  15. ^ Derbyshire Advertiser, 4 March 1870
  16. ^ "How we became The Silk Town". Macclesfield Museums. Archived from the original on 9 November 2021. Retrieved 9 November 2021.
  17. ^ a b "W.G. and J. Strutt Ltd., of Belper, Derbyshire, cotton spinners". Archived from the original on 29 June 2015. Retrieved 27 June 2015.
  18. ^ "About Cromford Mill". Archived from the original on 20 May 2013. Retrieved 26 December 2012.
  19. ^ "Cromford Mills – birthplace of the industrial revolution". Archived from the original on 24 January 2016. Retrieved 26 December 2012.
  20. ^ "The 1st water powered Cotton Spinning Mill in the World". 4 November 2011. Archived from the original on 24 January 2016. Retrieved 26 December 2012.
  21. ^ Funding the vision – Henry Hunt Hutchinson and his will http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/lsehistory/2015/09/30/funding-the-vision-henry-hunt-hutchinson-and-his-will/ Archived 29 June 2017 at the Wayback Machine
  22. ^ "Nothing ever happens in Sinfin". This is Sinfin. Archived from the original on 11 August 2013. Retrieved 8 November 2014.
  23. ^ "Derby Derbyshire through time | Population Statistics | Total Population". Archived from the original on 28 February 2007. Retrieved 6 October 2006.
  24. ^ "DADARS: Detailed History 1911 to 1961". www.dadars.org.uk. Derby & District Amateur Radio Society. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
  25. ^ "Derby Wireless Club". www.derbywirelessclub.org.uk. Derby Wireless Club. Archived from the original on 5 February 2017. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
  26. ^ "BBC – World War One At Home, Midland Railway Works, Derby: The Night Lights Were Left On". BBC. Archived from the original on 20 July 2015. Retrieved 27 June 2015.
  27. ^ "Facts and Statistics". www.derby.anglican.org. Diocese of Derby. Archived from the original on 5 February 2017. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
  28. ^ Lambert, Tim. "A brief history of Derby, Derbyshire, England". The History of the World. Archived from the original on 9 August 2011. Retrieved 11 August 2011.
  29. ^ "No. 47246". The London Gazette. 14 June 1977. p. 7656.
  30. ^ The Times. 29 July 1977
  31. ^ Kirk, Felix & Bartnik, 2002
  32. ^ "Stories". Youandyesterday.co.uk. 27 July 1942. Archived from the original on 7 August 2008. Retrieved 17 July 2010.
  33. ^ "Council Meeting 23 July 2014". derby.gov.uk. 23 July 2014. Archived from the original on 12 July 2022. Retrieved 12 February 2019.
  34. ^ "Derby City Council Ward Boundaries". data.gov.uk. 10 December 2013. Archived from the original on 12 February 2019. Retrieved 12 February 2019.
  35. ^ "City Centre Conservation Area" (pdf). Derby City Council. Derby City Council. Archived from the original on 3 November 2018. Retrieved 21 August 2018.
  36. ^ "Landscape Character". Derbyshire County Council. 2013. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 17 August 2015.
  37. ^ "ONS 2011 Built-up Areas – Methodology and Guidance" (PDF). www.ons.gov.uk. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 July 2022. Retrieved 26 July 2021.
  38. ^ "Census 2001: Key Statistics for urban areas in England and Wales" (PDF). webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 5 January 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  39. ^ "2011 Census – Built-up areas". ONS. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 3 July 2013.
  40. ^ "Office for National Statistics: Census 2001, Key Statistics for urban areas". Archived from the original on 11 March 2005. Retrieved 26 July 2021.
  41. ^ "History of Burnaston Parish". Burnaston Parish Council. Archived from the original on 4 September 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2021.
  42. ^ "Census information | Derby City Council". www.derby.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 9 June 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
  43. ^ "Derby climate: Average Temperature, weather by month, Derby weather averages - Climate-Data.org". en.climate-data.org. Archived from the original on 27 October 2018. Retrieved 27 October 2018.
  44. ^ "Climate Derby". Climate-Data.org. Archived from the original on 29 June 2019. Retrieved 6 June 2019.
  45. ^ [1] Archived 17 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Derby District: Total Population
  46. ^ Data is taken from United Kingdom Casweb Data services of the United Kingdom 1991 Census on Ethnic Data for England, Scotland and Wales (Table 6)
  47. ^ "Office of National Statistics; 2001 Census Key Statistics". webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
  48. ^ "2011 Census: Ethnic Group, local authorities in England and Wales". webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
  49. ^ "KS007 - Religion - Nomis - 2001". www.nomisweb.co.uk. Retrieved 18 October 2022.
  50. ^ "KS209EW (Religion) - Nomis - 2011". www.nomisweb.co.uk. Retrieved 18 October 2022.
  51. ^ "Derbyshire's Top 200 businesses unveiled by University of Derby and Derby Telegraph". www.derby.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
  52. ^ Maya Nikolaeva, Natalie Huet: "Alstom sells heat exchanger unit to Triton for $1 billion." Archived 5 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine Reuters, 1 April 2014. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
  53. ^ "Derby Power Station and Old Silk Mill Pub". Europeana. Archived from the original on 25 June 2021. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
  54. ^ "Derby Nostalgia – Derby Nostalgia Photos, Derby Archives – Derby Telegraph". Derby Telegraph. Archived from the original on 1 October 2010. Retrieved 21 May 2010.
  55. ^ "Infinity Park Derby: Official start to £200m business park vital to city's future". Derby Telegraph. 5 December 2014. Archived from the original on 24 March 2015. Retrieved 11 March 2015.
  56. ^ Lodge, Matthew (29 January 2021). "Bombardier in Derby gets new owners in £4.9 billion deal". Derbyshirelive. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
  57. ^ [2][dead link]
  58. ^ "Home page". Derby Railway Engineering Society. Archived from the original on 24 July 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2021.
  59. ^ "Derby Cathedral Peregrine Project". Derby City Council. Archived from the original on 22 April 2012. Retrieved 11 August 2011.
  60. ^ "Derby Peregrine Webcam". Derby City Council. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 30 November 2017.
  61. ^ "Museum of Making shortlisted for £100,000 Art Fund Museum of the Year 2022 | Derby Museums". Archived from the original on 10 May 2022. Retrieved 14 May 2022.
  62. ^ "Neville test-drives city's new ring road". Archived from the original on 11 September 2012. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
  63. ^ "Derby named on UK City of Culture 2025 longlist". BBC News. 8 October 2021. Archived from the original on 10 October 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2021.
  64. ^ "Orchestra moves to Cathedral Quarter". Derby Telegraph. 23 August 2014. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 24 January 2017.
  65. ^ "Summer Organ Recitals". Archived from the original on 16 September 2016. Retrieved 15 August 2016.
  66. ^ McFarlane, Jane (30 July 2021). "Derby Loves You yeah yeah yeah! It's a summer of fun in the Market Place". DerbyshireLive. Archived from the original on 7 August 2021. Retrieved 7 August 2021.
  67. ^ "Home page". Derby Folk Festival. Archived from the original on 27 July 2021. Retrieved 7 August 2021.
  68. ^ "Derby Jazz". www.derby-jazz.co.uk. Archived from the original on 9 October 2021. Retrieved 7 August 2021.
  69. ^ "Kaleidoscope Community Music". Archived from the original on 26 October 2021. Retrieved 28 October 2021.
  70. ^ Johnson, Robin (18 July 2018). "Look what Derby's historic former Grand Theatre is set to become". Derby Telegraph. Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 10 August 2020.
  71. ^ "OddSocks". Archived from the original on 31 July 2016. Retrieved 15 August 2016.
  72. ^ "Déda – Derby – Dance-Focussed Arts". www.deda.uk.com. Archived from the original on 28 March 2018. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
  73. ^ "Home – Derby Book Festival". Derby Book Festival. Archived from the original on 25 March 2018. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
  74. ^ "Derby Feste – Derby Festé 2018 will arrive on 27 to 29 September, transforming Derby into a playground with performances for everyone". Archived from the original on 13 February 2019. Retrieved 12 February 2019.
  75. ^ "Six Streets Arts Trail". Archived from the original on 20 August 2014. Retrieved 15 October 2014.
  76. ^ "sixstreetsderby.org.uk". www.sixstreetsderby.org.uk. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
  77. ^ "Theatre classic is coming to Derby". Matlock Mercury. 23 August 2015. Archived from the original on 29 October 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2021.
  78. ^ a b "The History of Derby County Football Club". Derby County Football Club. 8 May 2011. Archived from the original on 28 December 2011. Retrieved 11 August 2011.
  79. ^ Flanagan, Chris (13 November 2017). "Derby County's shocking 2007/08 revisited: the Premier League's worst ever season, told by those who were there". Four Four Two. Archived from the original on 1 April 2019. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  80. ^ Profile on Ladies European Tour's official site Archived 27 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  81. ^ "Derby Olympian Arthur Keily picks up lifetime achievement gong". This is Derbyshire. Northcliffe Media. 20 September 2008. Archived from the original on 13 September 2012. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  82. ^ "keily, Arthur". bygonederbyshire. Retrieved 26 May 2009.[permanent dead link]
  83. ^ "Arboretum history". Christopher Harris. 2010. Archived from the original on 10 August 2011. Retrieved 16 August 2011.
  84. ^ "Markeaton Park – today". BBC. October 2002. Archived from the original on 21 March 2012. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  85. ^ "'Natural Health Service': Derby approves UK's largest urban rewilding project". TheGuardian.com. 11 November 2021. Archived from the original on 21 November 2021. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
  86. ^ Johnson, Robin (20 March 2014). "Westfield Derby shopping centre sold to Intu for £390m". Derby Evening Telegraph. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
  87. ^ "Westfield Derby – About". westfieldderby.co.uk. Archived from the original on 10 April 2008. Retrieved 4 February 2008.
  88. ^ Historic England. "Ye Olde Dolphin Inne, Derby (1228932)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 18 August 2014.
  89. ^ Linford, Paul (10 June 2014). "Former reporter tells tale of violence and corruption". HoldTheFrontPage.co.uk. Archived from the original on 21 December 2014. Retrieved 29 June 2014.
  90. ^ "Richardson, Samuel" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). 1911.
  91. ^ "Richardson, Samuel (1689-1761)" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 48. 1896.
  92. ^ Derbyshire Heritage Artists, artsderbyshire.org.uk Archived 1 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 28 February 2018
  93. ^ "Wright, Joseph" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). 1911.
  94. ^ "Smith, John Raphael" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 53. 1898.
  95. ^ Victoria & Albert Museum, Collections, Billingsley, William Archived 1 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 28 February 2018
  96. ^ "Emes, John" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 17. 1889.
  97. ^ "Pigot, Elizabeth Bridget" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 45. 1896.
  98. ^ BBC Stoke and Staffordshire, 24 September 2014, Visual Arts, Paintings from Newcastle Museum Archived 27 January 2019 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 28 February 2018
  99. ^ "Haslem, John" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 25. 1891.
  100. ^ Mennell, Philip (1892). "Britton, Henry" . The Dictionary of Australasian Biography. London: Hutchinson & Co – via Wikisource.
  101. ^ "Kennedy, Charles Rann" . Encyclopedia Americana. 1920.
  102. ^ Arts Derbyshire, Derbyshire Heritage, visual artists Archived 1 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 3 March 2018
  103. ^ Seddon, Peter (2011). "'Derbyshire's Dali' A Surreal One-Off". Derbyshire Life Magazine: 246–248.
  104. ^ The Independent, 1 January 1994, Obituary: Marc Naylor Archived 28 February 2018 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 27 February 2018
  105. ^ The Free Library.com, Castle's owners lived life to excess Archived 2 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 28 February 2018
  106. ^ Biography at the Robert Farnon Society Archived 20 April 2018 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 27 February 2018
  107. ^ IMDb Database Archived 27 December 2018 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 27 February 2018
  108. ^ Independent, 4 November 1993, Obituary: Denny Dennis Archived 28 February 2018 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 27 February 2018
  109. ^ IMDb Database Archived 16 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 27 February 2018
  110. ^ The Guardian, 6 Dec 2004, Obituary, Kevin Coyne Archived 13 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 27 February 2018
  111. ^ "Stephen Marley". IMDb. Archived from the original on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 4 September 2020.
  112. ^ Greenfield, Edward (10 September 2004). "Tavener: Schuon Hymnen; The Second Coming; Shunya; Butterfly Dreams; Birthday Sleep etc: Polyphony/Layton". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  113. ^ Dazed (8 February 2017). "Remembering one of the UK's unlikeliest number one singles". Dazed. Archived from the original on 29 September 2019. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
  114. ^ "Profile: Corey Mwamba". Sandy Brown Jazz. Archived from the original on 14 June 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
  115. ^ "Corey Mwamba". Archived from the original on 7 November 2019. Retrieved 7 November 2019.
  116. ^ "Professor Steven Grahl | Christ Church, Oxford University". Archived from the original on 3 April 2022. Retrieved 17 April 2022.
  117. ^ BBC News, 3 March 2002, Idol singer picked for Eurovision Archived 16 June 2004 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 27 February 2018
  118. ^ The Guardian, 16 June 2011, Folk music, Lucy Ward: Adelphi Has to Fly Archived 7 November 2017 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 27 February 2018
  119. ^ The Guardian, 30 Nov 2011, New Band of the week, Youngman Archived 28 February 2018 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 27 February 2018
  120. ^ BBC Music, Hear me, featuring Eyez, Manga, Dubzy, Kobi Onyame, Rukus & Kobi Onyame Archived 21 September 2018 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 27 February 2018
  121. ^ Drumsound & Bassline Smith discography at Discogs Archived 28 February 2018 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 27 February 2018
  122. ^ Ryan, Patrick (14 September 2015). "On The Verge: The Struts". USA Today. Archived from the original on 22 October 2015. Retrieved 21 October 2015.
  123. ^ "Rowena Cade, Creator of the Minack Theatre". Cornwall Calling. Archived from the original on 14 August 2019. Retrieved 17 April 2022.
  124. ^ Appearances on C-SPAN Archived 28 February 2018 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 27 February 2018
  125. ^ The Guardian, 24 Mar 2003, Obituary: Terry Lloyd Archived 1 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 28 February 2018
  126. ^ IMDb Database Archived 16 April 2018 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 27 February 2018
  127. ^ Munya Chawawa 14 August 2022 retrieved 14 August 2022
  128. ^ "Flamsteed, John" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). 1911.
  129. ^ "Whitehurst, John" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 61. 1900.
  130. ^ "Hutton, William (1723-1815)" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 28. 1891.
  131. ^ "Strutt, Jedediah" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). 1911.
  132. ^ "Darwin, Erasmus" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 07 (11th ed.). 1911.
  133. ^ "Darwin, Erasmus" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 14. 1888.
  134. ^ "Cavendish, Henry" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 05 (11th ed.). 1911.
  135. ^ "Mawe, John" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 37. 1894.
  136. ^ Graces Guide to British Industrial History, Fox of Derby Archived 1 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 28 February 2018
  137. ^ "Blore, Edward" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 05. 1886.
  138. ^ "Spencer, William George" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 53. 1898.
  139. ^ BBC, History of the World, The Handyside Postbox Archived 5 February 2016 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 28 February 2018
  140. ^ "Fox, Charles (1810-1874)" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 20. 1889.
  141. ^ "Nightingale, Florence" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). 1911.
  142. ^ "Spencer, Herbert" . Dictionary of National Biography (2nd supplement). 1912.
  143. ^ "Jeffcock, Parkin" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 29. 1892.
  144. ^ The University of Derby's Online Journal, Archive, The Firs.. retrieved 28 February 2018
  145. ^ Flight article, 5 October 1956, Sir Henry Royce, Bart Archived 1 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 28 February 2018
  146. ^ International Federation for Systems Research, July 1, 1994, Gordon Pask Archived 28 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 28 February 2018
  147. ^ Loughborough University profile, Sir Nigel Rudd Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 28 February 2018
  148. ^ GOV.UK, Press Release, 2 Oct 2014, DECC appoints new chief scientific advisor Archived 13 February 2018 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 28 February 2018
  149. ^ Management Today, The MT Interview: BBC Worldwide's John Smith Archived 4 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 28 February 2018
  150. ^ Blomberg, Company Overview of Derby County Football Club Ltd Archived 3 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 28 February 2018
  151. ^ Curtis, Leigh (6 July 2022). "'Twists and turns' - Law firm reveals role in Derby County takeover". Derbyshire Live. Retrieved 23 September 2022.
  152. ^ Telegraph, 26 Jan 2014, Tata Motors boss Karl Slym dies..... Archived 4 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 28 February 2018
  153. ^ Derby City Council, 10 February 2017, Blue Plaque......Joan Wast Archived 16 May 2017 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 28 February 2018
  154. ^ "Cotton, John" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 07 (11th ed.). 1911.
  155. ^ "Bourn, Samuel (1648-1719)" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 06. 1886.
  156. ^ "Bott, Thomas (1688-1754)" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 05. 1886.
  157. ^ "Coke, Daniel Parker" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 11. 1887.
  158. ^ "Fitzherbert, Alleyne" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 19. 1889.
  159. ^ "Crompton, Charles John" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 13. 1888.
  160. ^ HANSARD 1803–2005 → People (M), Mr William Mundy Archived 5 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 28 February 2018
  161. ^ "Plimsoll, Samuel" . Dictionary of National Biography (1st supplement). 1901.
  162. ^ Hansard 1803–2005, contributions by Sir Henry Wilmot Archived 1 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 28 February 2018
  163. ^ BBC NEWS CHANNEL, 8 September 2007, Crimean soldier's grave dedicated Archived 23 December 2018 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 28 February 2018
  164. ^ Cambridge Alumni Database, University of Cambridge, Weston, Walter (WSTN880W) retrieved 3 March 2018
  165. ^ BBC News Online, 19 January 2012, Fight to clear.... Archived 23 December 2018 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 28 February 2018
  166. ^ HANSARD 1803–2005 → People (W), Mr Alfred Waterson Archived 22 June 2017 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 3 March 2018
  167. ^ Oxford Today, 31 May 2017, From Oxford to Lahore.... Archived 15 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 27 February 2018
  168. ^ The Guardian, 23 Aug 2005, Obituary, Lord Lane of St Ippollitts Archived 30 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 28 February 2018
  169. ^ Independent, 29 October 2007, Chris Moncrieff: So good..... Archived 4 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 28 February 2018
  170. ^ Hansard 1803–2005, contributions by Dafydd Wigley Archived 20 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 28 February 2018
  171. ^ TheyWorkForYou, Bob Laxton, Former MP, Derby North Archived 3 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 28 February 2018
  172. ^ TheyWorkForYou, Geoff Hoon, Former MP, Ashfield Archived 1 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 28 February 2018
  173. ^ Ms Helen Clark, Former MP, Peterborough, Theyworkforyou Archived 1 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 28 February 2018
  174. ^ Derby City Council, 16 February 2018, Blue Plaque unveiled for football legend, Steve Bloomer Archived 18 February 2018 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 26 February 2018
  175. ^ "The King of Rome Charlie Hudson". Archived from the original on 27 July 2011. Retrieved 21 January 2018.
  176. ^ "Oliver Burton". 11 v 11. Archived from the original on 21 September 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
  177. ^ Reg Parnell, Oldracingcars.com Archived 27 February 2018 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 26 February 2018
  178. ^ Sir Dave Brailsford, Team Sky Archived 27 February 2018 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 26 February 2018
  179. ^ Max Sciandri, Cycling Archives Archived 27 February 2018 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 26 February 2018
  180. ^ SoccerBase Database Archived 27 February 2018 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 26 February 2018
  181. ^ Player profile, Colin Osborne, Dartsdatabase Archived 30 June 2017 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 26 February 2018
  182. ^ Donna Kellogg at BadmintonEngland.co.uk retrieved 26 February 2018
  183. ^ SoccerBase Database Archived 27 February 2018 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 26 February 2018
  184. ^ SoccerBase Database Archived 27 February 2018 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 26 February 2018
  185. ^ IMDb Database Archived 31 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 26 February 2018
  186. ^ List A Matches played by Kevin Hollis
  187. ^ SoccerBase Database Archived 27 February 2018 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 26 February 2018
  188. ^ Melissa Reid, Ladies European Tour, official site Archived 30 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 26 February 2018
  189. ^ SoccerBase Database Archived 5 October 2018 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 3 March 2018
  190. ^ "Commonwealth Games: Sarah Vasey and Alice Tai win gold for England". BBC Sport. 6 April 2018. Archived from the original on 24 October 2018. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
  191. ^ "Estonian Football Association". Archived from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 26 March 2021.
  192. ^ "Town twinning". Derby City Council. Archived from the original on 3 August 2014. Retrieved 20 August 2014.
  193. ^ "History made as Derby becomes 'sister city' of Hebron, Palestine". Derby Telegraph. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015.
  194. ^ WOODDDDDDDYASOCCER2 (25 May 2022). "Brian Clough Given Freedom of Derby". Archived from the original on 25 May 2022. Retrieved 25 May 2022 – via YouTube.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  195. ^ "Photograph of Brian Clough Receiving the Freedom of the City of Derby Scroll". Alamy. Archived from the original on 25 May 2022. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
  196. ^ "Adam Peaty awarded Freedom of the City". Derby Arena. 10 October 2016. Archived from the original on 3 January 2020. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  197. ^ "Reg Harrison receives Freedom of the City". Derby County F.C. 6 February 2019. Archived from the original on 12 July 2022. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  198. ^ "Proud family and friends look on as the Mercian regiment parades through Derby". ITV News. 28 June 2022. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
  199. ^ Booth, Heidi; Noble, Samantha (28 June 2022). "Ram mascot leads Mercian Regiment parade through Derby". BBC News Derby. Retrieved 12 July 2022.

Bibliography

See also: Bibliography of the history of Derby


Wikimedia Commons has media related to Derby.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Derby.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Derby&oldid=1121983519"