Philippine National Police
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| Philippine National Police Pambansang Pulisya ng Pilipinas |
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| Abbreviation | PNP |
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| Coat of Arms of the Philippine National Police | |
| Motto | With Honor and Justice, We Serve |
| Agency overview | |
|---|---|
| Formed | January 29, 1991 |
| Preceding agencies | |
| Legal personality | Governmental: Government agency |
| Jurisdictional structure | |
| National agency | Philippines |
| General nature | |
| Operational structure | |
| Headquarters | Camp Crame, Quezon City |
| Agency executive | Alan L.M. Purisima, Police Director General |
| Parent agency | Department of Interior and Local Government via National Police Commission |
| Website | |
| www.pnp.gov.ph | |
The Philippine National Police (Filipino: Pambansang Pulisya ng Pilipinas and abbreviated as PNP) is the civilian national police force of the Republic of the Philippines. To The Philippine National Police, which was a result of a merger of the Philippine Constabulary and the Integrated National Police, was activated on January 29, 1991. Its national headquarters are based at Camp Crame in Quezon City. It has a manpower of 140,000.
Organization [edit]
Passed on December 13, 1990, the Republic Act No. 6975, “An Act Establishing the Philippine National Police under a reorganized Department of the Interior and Local Government and Other Purposes”, ended the existence of the Philippine Constabulary and the Integrated National Police and gave way to the creation of the Philippine National Police, the country's police force that is national in scope and civilian in character. It is administered and controlled by the National Police Commission.
Republic Act 6975 entitled An Act Establishing the Philippine National Police under a reorganized Department of the Interior and Local Government and Other Purposes as amended by RA 8551 Philippine National Police Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998 and further amended by RA 9708.[1]
With the effectivity of Republic Act No. 8551, otherwise known as the “Philippine National Police Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998,” the PNP was envisioned to be a community and service oriented Agency.
Functions [edit]
- Law Enforcement.
- Maintain peace and order.
- Prevents and investigates crimes and bring offenders to justice.
- Exercise the vested powers from the Philippine Constitution and pertinent laws.
- Detain an arrested person for a period not beyond what is prescribed by law.
- Implements pertinent laws and regulations on firearms and explosives control.
- Supervise and control the training and operations of security agencies.
Internal branches and organizations [edit]
As mandated by law, the PNP activated/created the Internal Affairs Service (IAS) on a national scope on June 1, 1999. It is an organization within the structure of the PNP and one of its tasks is to help the Chief, PNP institute reforms to improve the image of the police force through assessment, analysis and evaluation of the character and behavior of the PNP Personnel. It is headed by the Inspector General. The PNP has the following branches included the following organizations"[2]
- Philippine National Police Aviation Security Command
- Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT)
- Special Action Force
- Program Management Office
- PNP Maritime Group
- PNP Intelligence Group
- PNP Regional Public Safety Battalion
Recruitment and training [edit]
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The PNP conducts regular recruitment programs, depending on annual budget allocations. The entry level for non-commissioned officers is the rank of Police Officer 1 or PO1. The new recruits will undergo Public Safety Basic Recruit Course for six months, and a Field Training Program for another six months. Prior for their actual duty, they are required to undergo the mandatory special training of PNP SCOUT or PNP Special Counter-insurgency Unit Training course for 45 days to 5 months to enhance them in militaristic/tactics for future assignment in the field whether in the Striking Force or in the Police Station.
Commissioned Officers for the Philippine National Police are sourced from the Philippine National Police Academy as well as through Lateral Entry, for specialized disciplines and requirements such as Criminologists in line-officers, lawyers, doctors, engineers, nurse, chaplain and other technical positions and also the rose-from-the-rank personnel who have reached the qualifications to be a Commissioned Officer.
The Philippine National Police Academy is located at Camp Gen. Mariano N. Castaneda, Silang, Cavite and is the premier training academy for the Philippine National Police, Bureau of Jail Management & Protection and Bureau of Fire Protection.
Ranks of the Philippine National Police in English and Spanish [edit]
This is a list of the ranks used by the PNP equivalent to the Army.
Commissioned officers [edit]
- Police Director General (P D/Gen.) - General
- Police Deputy Director General (P D/DGen.) - Lieutenant General
- Police Director (P Dir.) - Major General
- Police Chief Superintendent (P C/Supt.) - Brigadier General
- Police Senior Superintendent (P S/Supt.) - Colonel
- Police Superintendent (P Supt.) - Lieutenant Colonel
- Police Chief Inspector (P C/Insp.) - Major
- Police Senior Inspector (P S/Insp.) - Captain
- Police Inspector (P Insp.) - Lieutenant
Non-commissioned officers [edit]
- Senior Police Officer IV (SPO4) - Master Sergeant (MSg)
- Senior Police Officer III (SPO3) - Technical Sergeant (TSg)
- Senior Police Officer II (SPO2) - Staff Sergeant (SSg)
- Senior Police Officer I (SPO1) - Sergeant (Sgt)
- Police Officer III (PO3) - Corporal (Cpl)
- Police Officer II (PO2) - Private First Class (Pfc)
- Police Officer I (PO1) - Private (Pvt)
International Peace Support Operations and Humanitarian Relief Missions [edit]
On 3 April 1992, fifteen months into its reconstitution, the PNP began sending its international contingent to peace support operations and humanitarian relief missions in conflict areas around the world. Although most of these endeavors were United Nations-launched, there were some deployments made under the "lead-nation" concept or as an initiative of the Government of the Republic of the Philippines.
UN Peace Support Operations requiring UN Civilian Police services may be armed or unarmed peacekeeping, peace-building, or specialized efforts.
The PNP's international deployments are:
CAMBODIA: 1992-93
♦United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC)
HAITI: 1994-95; 2004–present
♦Operation Uphold Democracy in Haïti - International Police Monitors component
♦UN Mission in Haïti (UNMIH)
♦la Mission des Nations Unies pour la stabilisation en Haïti/
UN Stabilization Mission in Haïti (MINUSTAH)
EAST TIMOR: 1999-2002
♦UN Mission in East Timor (UNAMET)
♦UN Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET)
TIMOR-LESTE: 2002–present
♦UN Mission of Support in East Timor (UNMISET)
♦UN Office in Timor-Leste (UNOTIL)
♦UN Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste (UNMIT)
KOSOVO: 1999-2009
♦UN Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK)
IRAQ: 2003-04
♦Philippine Humanitarian Contingent in Iraq (PHCI)
LIBERIA: 2004–present
♦UN Mission in Liberia (UNMIL)
AFGHANISTAN: 2004–09
♦UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA)
THE SUDAN (Southern): 2005–present
♦UN Mission in the Sudan (UNMIS)
CÔTE D'IVOIRE: 2005-07
♦l'Opération des Nations Unies en Côte d'Ivoire/
UN Operation in Côte d'Ivoire (ONUCI)
NEPAL: 2007-08
♦UN Mission in Nepal (UNMIN)
GEORGIA: 2007–09
♦UN Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG)
LEBANON: 2008
♦UN Independent International Investigation Commission in Lebanon (UNIIIC)
THE SUDAN (Western): 2008–present
♦UN-African Union Hybrid Mission in Darfur (UNAMID).[3]
Among the luminaries of the PNP Contingent is Police Director Rodolfo A Tor, who became the first Filipino police commissioner of a UN operation. In 2006, he was tasked to head the UN Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste, one of the largest civilian police operations established by the UN. The PNP Contingent's first female member was noncommissioned Senior Police Officer 2 Ester A Mardicas (deployed to East Timor in August 1999), while its first female police commissioned officer was Police Inspector Aurisa I Mitra (deployed to Kosovo in July 2000).
The PNP Contingent has no fatalities in the line of fire. The 1993 deaths of Senior Police Officers 4 Winston Zerrudo and Edilberto Evangelista, both UNTAC Police, were due to non-hostile causes.
As of 30 June 2010, the PNP Contingent has sent 1,600-plus police officers to UN and other international peace support operations and humanitarian relief missions. (Several police officers have been deployed more than once in their careers.) It has delivered an estimated minimum of 3.5 million (wo)man-hours in the mission areas.
The PNP Contingent awaits the deployment of the Philippine Formed Police Unit, or FPU, of which creation was approved by the National Police Commission in 2006.[4]
National Operations Center (NOC) [edit]
PNP Chief Director General Avelino Razon Jr., on July 6, 2008, announced completion of the newly refurbished and reconfigured Camp Crame National Operations Center (NOC), powered by modern communication, imaging, and teleconferencing technology. Its new equipment includes LCD monitors, CCTV cameras, and the electronic tracking system to monitor the deployment of mobile units thru global positioning system (GPS). Chief Superintendent Constante Azares Jr., chief of the PNP-NOC, explained that: "The NOC is the hub and nerve center of all PNP operations and activities nationwide. All deployments, movement of troops and police operations are monitored, coordinated and directed from this facility."[5]
Incidents [edit]
Manila blackmail incident [edit]
A blackmail case occurred in Binondo Manila when police officers abducted and blackmailed 7 Chinese citizens suspected of drug trafficking on December 30, 1998.[6] After many months of detainment and torture, two Hong Kong citizens were killed off when the ransom money was not met.[7] One police superintendent who knew of the operation was also killed.[6]
Euro Generals scandal [edit]
The Euro Generals scandal involves Eliseo de la Paz and several Philippine National Police officials who went to Russia on October 2008 to attend the Interpol conference. De la Paz was detained for carrying a large sum of undeclared money. A House panel investigating the scandal concluded that the six police officials who attended the conference had made the trip illegally.[8] In 2010, the Office of the Ombudsman filed graft charges against twelve former and active ranking PNP officials for their alleged involvement in the incident.[9][10]
Parañaque shootout [edit]
On December 5, 2008, ten suspected criminals, one policeman, and five civilians, a total of sixteen people, including a seven year old girl, were killed in a bloody shootout in Parañaque. Several others were wounded, including a ranking officer of the Highway Patrol Group, two members of the Special Action Force, a village watchman, and a security guard, said Director Leopoldo Bataoil, head of the Metro Manila regional police.[11] The head of the Internal Affairs Service of the PNP said, "We failed in our mission to protect the civilians. [Because] during the conduct of operation [many civilian lives were lost],"[12] On July 29, 2009, it was reported that the Department of Justice (DOJ) had filed multiple murder charges against 29 policemen, including three generals, in connection with the shootout following the filing of a complaint-affidavit by Lilian de Vera, who lost her husband and daughter 7, in the incident.[13] On January 11, 2010, the Commission on Human Rights recommended the filing of criminal and administrative charges against 26 policemen[14] In March, it was reported that after two witnesses had said De Vera and his daughter were not killed in the shootout,that policemen already had complete control of the area where the two were killed, the Department of Justice filed two counts of murder charges against 25 policemen for the killings.[15]
Binayug torture case [edit]
Inspector Joselito Binayug, chief of the Asuncion police community precinct in Tondo arrested Darius Evangelista on March 5, 2009 for alleged robbery. A torture video was leaked to the media and shown on television showing a police officer whipping and cursing the suspect and pulling on a rope that was tied to the victim’s genitals. The incident allegedly happened inside the Asuncion police precinct in Tondo. Binayug was arrested for violating the Anti-Torture act of 2009. Separate charges were filed for Evangelista being tortured to death.[16][17]
Maguindanao massacre [edit]
On November 24, 2009, Senior Superintendent Abusana Maguid, the police chief of Maguindanao province, was reported to have been relieved of his duties after witnesses reported seeing three of his officers at the scene of the Maguindanao massacre in which 57 people, including journalists, lawyers, aides, and motorists who were witnesses were killed.[18] On 25 November Maguid and Chief Inspector Sukarno Dikay were reported to have been relieved from post and placed under restrictive custody.[19] On November 26, Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) Secretary Ronaldo Puno announced that Maguid, Dikay, and others were suspected of involvement in the massacre.[20] On 19 December, Maguid, Dikay, and others were reported to have been recommended for summary dismissal by the PNP high command.[21] On April 16, 2010, the National Police Commission ordered a 90-day suspension against Maguid, Dikay, and 60 other police personnel for their possible involvement in the killings.[22] On July 10, it was reported that Dikay had applied to become state witness, saying that he is confident that his testimony will pin down the masterminds of the killing.[23]
Failed hostage rescue operation [edit]
The Philippine National Police conceded that in the 2010 Manila hostage crisis they made blunders in ending a bus hijacking, as outrage grew over the bloody assault played out on live television that left eight Hong Kong tourists dead. The Hong Kong Economic Journal was reported to have accused the PNP of having an "appalling professional standards" and "...[a] lack of strategic planning".[24]
List of chiefs [edit]
| # | Name | Term of Office | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Start | End | ||
| 1 | Cesar P. Nazareno[25] | 31 March 1991 | 28 August 1992 |
| 2 | Raul S. Imperial[25] | 28 August 1992 | 6 May 1993 |
| 3 | Umberto Rodriguez[25] | 6 May 1993 | 8 July 1994 |
| 4 | Recaredo Arevalo Sarmiento II[25] | 8 July 1994 | 1997 |
| 5 | Santiago L. Aliño[26] | 1997 | 1998 |
| 6 | Roberto T. Lastimoso[26] | 1998 | 1999 |
| 7 | Edmundo L. Larozza[26] | 1999 (acting) | 1999 |
| 8 | Panfilo Morena Lacson[26] | November 1999 | January 2001 |
| 9 | Leandro Ramos Mendoza[26] | 16 March 2001 | 2002 |
| 10 | Hermogenes Edejer Ebdane, Jr.[27] | July 2002 | 23 August 2004 |
| 11 | Edgar B. Aglipay[27][28] | 23 August 2004 | March 6, 2005 |
| 12 | Arturo Lomibao[28][29] | March 13, 2005 | August 29, 2006 |
| 13 | Oscar Castelo Calderon[29][30] | August 29, 2006 | October 1, 2007 |
| 14 | Avelino Ignacio Razon, Jr.[30] | October 1, 2007 | September 27, 2008 |
| 15 | Jesus Ame Verzosa[31] | September 27, 2008 | September 14, 2010 |
| 16 | Raul Macalalad Bacalzo | September 14, 2010 | September 8, 2011 |
| 17 | Nicanor Ancheta Bartolome | September 8, 2011 | December 17, 2012 |
| 18 | Alan La Madrid Purisima | December 17, 2012 | Present |
See also [edit]
References [edit]
- ^ About the Philippine National police
- ^ PNP Website[not in citation given]
- ^ Tor, Rodolfo A and Annanette B Cruz-Salazar. GLOBAL PULISYA, The Philippine National Police in United Nations Peacekeeping Missions. Quezon City, The Philippines: Namnama Global Publishing House. 2010.
- ^ Alejandrino, Charlemagne S and Annanette B Cruz-Salazar. National Pride, World Peace. City of Pasig, The Philippines: Makabayan Publishing House. 2010.
- ^ ABS-CBNnews.com, PNP unveils state-of-the-art operations center
- ^ a b Newsinfo.inquirer.net. "Newsinfo.inquirer.net." Acting MPD chief facing raps over abduction of HK residents. Retrieved on 2010-08-28.
- ^ HKdailynews.com.hk. "HKdailynews.com.hk." 新任警察總長一天下台 涉綁架謀殺3港人. Retrieved on 2010-08-28.
- ^ Jess Diaz, Moscow trip illegal - PNP, The Philippine Star, November 21, 2008.
- ^ Kristine L. Alave, Alcuin Papa, Ombudsman says ‘euro generals’ lied, Philippine Daily Inquirer, August 13, 2010.
- ^ Michael Punongbayan, 'Euro generals' charged with graft, The Philippine Star, August 13, 2010.
- ^ Jayr Patron, Philippines - Deadliest police shootout in Metro Manila's history, nowpublic.com, December 7, 2008.
- ^ Parañaque shootout a failed operation – police internal affairs head, GMA News, December 10, 2008.
- ^ Multiple murder raps filed vs cops in Paranaque shootout, datelinephilippines.com, July 29, 2009.
- ^ CHR wants cops in Parañaque shootout charged, ABS-CBN News, January 12, 2010.
- ^ DOJ files murder raps vs 25 cops in Parañaque shootout, ABS-CBN News, March 11, 2020.
- ^ Philstar.com, Tondo precinct cops face torture raps
- ^ Philstar.com, Torture victim identified
- ^ Philippine Local Police Chief Detained After Massacre, Bloomberg.com, November 24, 2009.
- ^ Paolo Romero, State of emergency in Maguindanao, The Philippine Star, November 25, 2009.
- ^ Maguindanao massacre suspect turns self in, ABS-CBN News, November 26, 2009.
- ^ 7 policemen face dismissal over 'neglect' in Maguindanao massacre, GMA News, December 19, 2009.
- ^ 5 Ampatuans moved to Manila jail, Sun-Star, April 17, 2010.
- ^ Aie Balagtas, Andal Jr., 16 others plead not guilty, The Philippine Star, July 29, 2010.
- ^ Channel NewsAsia - Philippine police admit blunders in deadly hostage ordeal
- ^ a b c d "PNP History". PNP. Archived from the original on 2008-06-17. Retrieved 2008-08-30.
- ^ a b c d e "Philippine National Police Chiefs Then and Now". PNP. Retrieved 2008-08-30.[dead link]
- ^ a b "Aglipay Assumes Command As 11th PNP Chief". PNP. 23 August 2004. Retrieved 2008-08-30.[dead link]
- ^ a b "Lomibao Is New PNP Chief". Philippine Headline News Online. March 14, 2005. Retrieved 2008-08-30.
- ^ a b Felipe, Cecille Suerte (August 29, 2006). "PNP Chief Director General Oscar Calderon: Into The Boiling Cauldron". Philippine Headline News Online. Retrieved 2008-08-30.
- ^ a b Nalzaro, Bobby (September 26, 2007). "Nalzaro: New PNP chief". Sun.Star. Retrieved 2008-08-30.
- ^ Inquirer.net, It’s official: Aquino names Bacalzo new PNP chief
External links [edit]
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