List of monarchs of Korea

Emperor of Korea
Imperial
Imperial Seal of the Korean Empire
File:2-1.jpg Sunjong, the last Emperor of Korea
Details
Style	His Imperial and Royal Majesty
First monarch	Dangun (disputed)
Last monarch	Sunjong (as emperor)
Formation	2333 BC (disputed)
Abolition	August 29, 1910
Residence	Changdeokgung, Korea
Pretender(s)	Disputed Yi Won Yi Haewŏn

The Korean dynasties are listed in the order of their fall.

This list includes the monarchs' Romanized posthumous or temple names and reign dates. Names are romanized according to the South Korean Revised Romanization of Korean. McCune-Reischauer romanizations may be found at the articles about the individual monarchs.

Gojoseon

See also: List of legendary monarchs of Korea

Gojoseon (c. 2333 – 237 BCE) was the first Korean kingdom. It is said to have been founded by Dangun Wanggeom in 2333 BCE, although the foundation year is disputed among historians. Bronze age archaeological evidence of Gojoseon culture is found in northern Korea and Liaoning. By the 9th to 4th century BCE, various historical and archaeological evidence shows Gojoseon was a flourishing state and a self-declared kingdom.

Gojoseon - Songhwagang Period

#	Name		Period of reign
	Westernized	Hangul/Hanja
1	Wanggeom	왕검王儉	2333–2240
2	Buru	부루扶婁	2240-2182
3	Gareuk	가륵嘉勒	2182-2137
4	Osagu	오사구烏斯丘	2137-2099
5	Gueul	구을丘乙	2099-2083
6	Dalmun	달문達門	2083-2047
7	Hanyul	한율翰栗	2047-1993
8	Useohan	우서한于西翰	1993-1985
9	Asul	아술阿述	1985-1950
10	Noeul	노을魯乙	1950-1891
11	Dohae	도해道奚	1891-1834
12	Ahan	아한阿漢	1834-1782
13	Heuldal	흘달屹達	1782-1721
14	Gobul	고불古弗	1721-1661
15	Daeeum	대음代音	1661-1610
16	wuina	위나尉那	1610-1552
17	Yeoeul	여을	1552-1484
18	Dongueom	동엄冬奄	1484-1435
19	Gumeoso	구모소丘牟蘇	1435-1380
20	Gohol	고홀固忽	1380-1337
21	Sotae	소태蘇台	1337-1285

Uhyeonwang(右賢王) Godeung(高登)'s grandson Saekbulu made a cou de'tat and became 22th dangun

Gojoseon - Baekaksan Period

#	Name		Period of reign
	Westernized	Hangul/Hanja
22	Saekbulu	색불루索弗婁	1285-1237
23	Ahol	아홀阿忽	1237-1161
24	Yeonna	연나延那	1161-1150
25	Solna	솔나率那	1150-1062
26	Churo	추로鄒魯	1062-997
27	Dumill	두밀豆密	997-971
28	Haemo	해모奚牟	971-943
29	Mahyu	마휴摩休	943-909
30	Naehyu	내휴奈休	909-874
31	Deungol	등올登兀	874-849
32	Chumill	추밀鄒密	849-819
33	Gammul	감물甘勿	819-795
34	Orumun	오루문奧婁門	795-772
35	Sabeol	사벌沙伐	772-704
36	Maereuk	매륵買勒	704-646
37	Mamul	마물麻勿	646-590
38	Damul	다물多勿	590-545
39	Duhol	두홀豆忽	545-509
40	Daleum	달음達音	509-491
41	Eumcha	음차音次	491-471
42	Euluji	을우지乙于支	471-461
43	Muli	물리勿理	461-425

Gojoseon - Jangdanggyeong Period

#	Name		Period of reign
	Westernized	Hangul/Hanja
44	Gumul	구물丘勿	425-396
45	Yeoru	여루余婁	396-341
46	Boeul	보을普乙	341-295
47	Goyeolga	고열가古列加	295-237

Notes: [1] Whether Gija Joseon and Wi man Joseon actually existed is a matter of controversy. Korean scholars deny its existence for various reasons.

Buyeo

See also: List of legendary monarchs of Korea

Buyeo (2nd century BC – 494 CE) ruled in modern-day Northeast China. The rulers continued to use the titles of Dangun. Some records refer to Bukbuyeo (North Buyeo) and Dongbuyeo (East Buyeo). It was absorbed into Goguryeo.

Eastern Buyeo

(c.86 BCE–22 CE) The rulers of Dongbuyeo submitted to Bukbuyeo in 86 BC, and thus used the title Wang ("King").

#	Name		Period of reign
	Westernized	Hangul/Hanja
1	Hae Buru	해부루 解夫婁	86–48 BCE
2	Geumwa	금와왕 金蛙王	48–7 BCE
3	Daeso	대소왕 臺素王	7 BCE–22 CE

Galsa Buyeo

#	Name		Period of reign
	Westernized	Hangul/Hanja
1	King of Galsa	갈사왕 曷思王	21 CE–?
?	Dodu	도두 都頭	?–68 CE

Later Buyeo

Name		Period of reign
Westernized	Hangul/Hanja
Wigutae	위구태왕 慰仇太王	?–?, 2nd century
Ganwigeo	간위거왕 簡位居王	?–?, 3rd century
Maryeo	마려왕 麻余王	?–?, 3rd century
···	···	···
Uiryeo	의려왕 依慮王	?–285 CE
Uira	의라왕 依羅王	286 CE–?
···	···	···
Hyeon	현왕 玄王	?–346 CE
Yeoul	여울왕 餘蔚王	?–384 CE
···	···	···
Jan	잔 孱	?–494 CE

Goguryeo

Goguryeo (37 BC – 668 CE) was a strong Empire of Korean history. Goguryeo Emperors have used the title of Taewang (太王, "Greatest King"). [1]

#	Posthumous name[2]	Hangul (Hanja)	Personal names [3][4]	Period of reign
Legendary line [5]
1	King Chumo	동명성왕 (東明聖王), 동명왕 (東明王)	Jumong 주몽 (朱蒙), Chumo 추모 (鄒牟), Sanghae 상해 (象解)	37–19 BCE
2	King Yuri(Yuryu)	유리왕 (琉璃王), 유리명왕 (琉璃明王)	Yuri 유리 (琉璃, 類利), Yuryu 유류 (孺留), Nuri 누리 (累利)	19 BCE – 18 CE
3	King Daemusin	대무신왕 (大武神王), 대해주류왕 (大解朱留王)	Muhyul 무휼 (無恤)	18–44
4	King Minjung	민중왕 (閔中王)	Saekju 색주 (色朱)	44–48
5	King Mobon	모본왕 (慕本王)	U 우 (憂), Aeru 애루 (愛婁), Mangnae 막래 (莫來)	48–53
Gungnae line
6	King Taejo [the Great]	태조[대]왕 (太祖[大]王), 국조왕 (國祖王)	Gung 궁 (宮), Eosu 어수 (於漱)	53–146
7	King Chadae	차대왕 (次大王)	Suseong 수성 (遂成)	146–165
8	King Sindae	신대왕 (新大王)	Baekgo 백고 (伯固), Baekgu 백구 (伯句)	165–179
9	King Gogukcheon	고국천왕 (故國川王), 국양왕 (國襄王)	Nammu 남무 (男武)	179–197
10	King Sansang	산상왕 山上王	Jeong-u 정우 廷優, Wigung 위궁 位宮	197–227
11	King Dongcheon	동천왕 東川王, 東襄王	Uwigeo 우위거 憂位居, Gyoche 교체 郊彘	227–248
12	King Jungcheon	중천왕 中川王, 中襄王	Yeonbul 연불 然弗	248–270
13	King Seocheon	서천왕 西川王, 西襄王	Yangno 약로 藥盧, Yagu 약우 若友	270–292
14	King Bongsang	봉상왕 烽上王, 鴙葛王	Sangbu 상부 相夫, Sapsiru 삽시루 插矢婁	292–300
15	Emperor Micheon	미천태왕 美川太王, 好攘王	Eulbul 을불 乙弗, Ubul 우불 憂拂	300–331
16	Emperor Gogugwon	고국원태왕 故國原太王	Sayu 사유 斯由, Yu 유 劉, Soe 쇠 釗	331–371
17	King[Emperor] Sosurim	소수림[태]왕 小獸林太王	Gubu 구부 丘夫	371–384
18	Emperor Gogugyang	고국양태왕 故國攘太王	Yiryeon 이련 伊連, Eojiji 어지지 於只支	384–391
19	Emperor Gwanggaeto	국강상광개토경평안호태왕 國彊上廣開土境平安好太王	Damdeok 담덕 談德, An 안 安	391–413
Pyongyang line
20	Emperor Jangsu	장수태왕 長壽太王	Georyeon 거련 巨連, Goryeon 고련 高璉	413–490
21	Emperor Munjamyeong	문자명태왕 文咨明太王	Na-un 나운 羅雲, Go-un 고운 高雲	491–519
22	Emperor Anjang	안장태왕 安藏太王	Heung-an 흥안 興安, Go-an 고안 高安	519–531
23	Emperor Anwon	안원태왕 安原太王	Bojeong 보정 寶廷, Gojeong 고정 高廷	531–545
24	Emperor Yangwon	양원태왕 陽原太王, 陽崗太王	Pyeongseong 평성 平成	545–559
25	Emperor Pyeongwon	평원태왕 平原太王	Yangseong 양성 陽成, Tang 탕 湯, Goyang 고양 高陽	559–590
26	Emperor Yeongyang	영양태왕 嬰陽太王, 평양태왕 平陽太王	Go Won 고원 高元, Daewon 대원 大元	590–618
27	Emperor Yeongnyu	영류태왕 榮留太王	Go Geonmu 고건무 高建武, Seong 성 成, Gomu 고무 高武	618–642
28	Emperor Bojang	보장태왕 寶藏太王	Go Jang 고장 高藏, Bojang 보장 寶藏	642–668

[5] The Legendary line names and dates are from the Samguk Sagi. The Wei shu (History of the Wei dynasty) gives the following names: 朱蒙 Jumong, 閭達 Yeodal, 始閭諧 Shiryeohae, 如栗 Yeoyul, and 莫來 Mangnae. The legendary line had already been formed with some variants in the early 5th century when Emperor Jangsu built a monument for his father and Goguryeo made contact with the Northern Wei. The inscription of that monument gives these names: 鄒牟 Chumo, 儒留 Yuryu, and 大朱留 Daejuryu. The connections between those names are not clear.

Sources: http://kdaq.empas.com/koreandb/history/koreanking/html/person/koguryeo_king.html (The Academy of Korean Studies) and http://enc.daum.net/dic100//topView.do (Korea Britannica Corp.)

Baekje

Baekje (18 BC – AD 660) was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. Temple names were the same as personal names, unless noted otherwise.

#	Temple name	Hangul	Hanja	Period of reign	Personal name	Relationship	Note
1	Onjo	온조왕	溫祚王	18 BCE – 29 CE		founder	son of Dongmyeongseong of Goguryeo
2	Daru	다루왕	多婁王	29–77		first son of Onjo
3	Giru	기루왕	己婁王	77–128		first son of Daru
4	Gaeru	개루왕	蓋婁王	128–166		son of Giru
5	Chogo	초고왕	肖古王	166–214		son of Gaeru	also Sogo (소고왕, 素古王)
6	Gusu	구수왕	仇首王	214–234		first son of Chogo	also Guisu (귀수왕, 貴須王)
7	Saban	사반왕	沙泮王	234		first son of Gusu	also Sai (사이왕, 沙伊王)
8	Goi	고이왕	古爾王	234–286		second son of Gaeru	also Gui (구이군, 久爾君)
9	Chaekgye	책계왕	責稽王	286–298		son of Goi	also Cheonggye (청계왕, 靑稽王)
10	Bunseo	분서왕	汾西王	298–304		first son of Chaekgye
11	Biryu	비류왕	比流王	304–344		second son of Gusu
12	Gye	계왕	契王	344–346		first son of Bunseo
13	Geunchogo	근초고왕	近肖古王	346–375		second son of Biryu	also Chogo (초고왕, 肖古王) or Sokgo (속고왕, 速古王)
14	Geun-gusu	근구수왕	近仇首王	375–384		son of Geunchogo	also Guisu (귀수왕, 貴首王)
15	Chimnyu	침류왕	枕流王	384–385		first son of Geungusu
16	Jinsa	진사왕	辰斯王	385–392		younger brother of Chimnyu	also Buyeohui (부여휘, 扶餘暉)
17	Asin	아신왕	阿莘王	392–405		cousin of Jinsa; first son of Chimnyu	also Aha (아화왕, 阿華王)
18	Jeonji	전지왕	腆支王	405–420		first son of Asin	also Jikji (직지왕, 直支王) or Jinji (진지왕, 眞支王)
19	Gu-isin	구이신왕	久爾辛王	420–427		first son of Jeonji
20	Biyu	비유왕	毗有王	427–454		first son of Guisin	also Yeobi (여비, 餘毗)
21	Gaero	개로왕	蓋鹵王	454–475	Gyeongsa (경사, 慶司) or Gyeong (경, 慶)	first son of Biyu	also Yeogyeong (여경, 餘慶)
22	Munju	문주왕	文周王	475–477	Modo (모도, 牟都) or Do (도, 都)	son of Gaero
23	Samgeun	삼근왕	三斤王	477–479	Samgeun (삼근, 三斤), Imgeol (임걸, 壬乞) or Samgeol (삼걸, 三乞)	first son of Munju	also Mun-geun (문근왕, 文斤王)
24	Dongseong	동성왕	東城王	479–501	Modae (모대, 牟大) or Mamo (마모, 摩牟)	cousin of Samgeum
25	Muryeong	무령왕	武寧王	501–523	Sama (사마, 斯麻 or 斯摩) or Yung (융, 隆)	second son of Dongseong	also Sama (사마왕, 斯麻王), Do (도왕, 嶋王), or Horyeong (호령왕, 虎寧王)
26	Seong	성왕	聖王	523–554	Myeong (명, 明)	son of Muryeong	also Myeong (명왕, 明王) or Seongmyeong (성명왕, 聖明王)
27	Wideok	위덕왕	威德王	554–598	Chang (창, 昌)	first son of Seong	also Chang (창왕, 昌王)
28	Hye	혜왕	惠王	598–599	Gye (계, 季)	younger brother of Wideok	also Heon (헌왕, 獻王)
29	Beop	법왕	法王	599–600	Seon (선, 宣) or Hyosun (효순, 孝順)	first son of Hye
30	Mu	무왕	武王	600–641	personal name Jang (장, 璋) or Seodong (서동, 薯童)	youngest son of Wideok	also Mugang (무강왕, 武康王) or Mugwang (무광왕,武廣王)
31	Uija	의자왕	義慈王	641–660		first son of Mu

*Source: [1]

Silla

Silla (57 BC – 935 CE) was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. In the early years, Silla was ruled by the Pak, Seok, and Kim families. Rulers of Silla had various titles, including Isageum, Maripgan, and Daewang. Like some Baekje kings, some declared themselves emperor.

1. Hyeokgeose Geoseogan 혁거세 거서간 朴赫居世居西干 (57 BCE – 4 CE)
2. Namhae Chachaung 남해 차차웅 南解次次雄 (4–24)
3. Yuri Yisageum (24–57) 유리이사금 儒理尼師今 (Kings Yuri to Heurhae bore the Korean title Isageum, an old word for "ruler")
4. Talhae Isageum 탈해이사금 脫解尼師今 (57–80)
5. Pasa Isageum 파사이사금 婆娑尼師今 (80–112)
6. Jima Isageum 지마이사금 祗摩尼師今 (112–134)
7. Ilseong Isageum 일성이사금 逸聖尼師今 (134–154)
8. Adalla Isageum 아달라이사금 阿達羅尼師今 (154–184)
9. Beolhyu Isageum 벌휴이사금 伐休尼師今 (184–196)
10. Naehae Isageum 내해이사금 奈解尼師今 (196–230)
11. Jobun Isageum 조분이사금 助賁尼師今 (230–247)
12. Cheomhae Isageum 첨해이사금 沾解尼師今 (247–261)
13. Michu Isageum 미추이사금 味鄒尼師今 (262–284)
14. Yurye Isageum 유례이사금 儒禮尼師今 (284–298)
15. Girim Isageum 기림이사금 基臨尼師今 (298–310)
16. Heulhae Isageum 흘해이사금 訖解尼師今 (310–356)
17. Naemul Maripgan 내물마립간 奈勿麻立干 (356–402) (Kings Naemul to Soji bore the Korean title Maripgan, an old word for "ruler")
18. Silseong Maripgan 실성마립간 實聖麻立干 (402–417)
19. Nulji Maripgan 눌지마립간 訥祗麻立干 (417–458)
20. Jabi Maripgan 자비마립간 慈悲麻立干 (458–479)
21. Soji Maripgan 소지마립간 炤智麻立干 (479–500)
22. King Jijeung 지증왕 智證王 (500–514) (Kings Jijeung to Gyeongsun bore the title Wang (the modern Korean word for "king"), with the exceptions noted below)
23. King Beopheung the Great 법흥태왕 法興太王 (514–540) ("King Beopheung the Great" is a translation of Beopheung Taewang, "Taewang" meaning "great king")
24. King Jinheung the Great 진흥태왕 眞興太王 (540–576) ("King Jinheung the Great" is a translation of Jinheung Taewang, "Taewang" meaning "great king")
25. King Jinji 진지왕 眞智王 (576–579)
26. King Jinpyeong 진평왕 眞平王 (579–632)
27. Queen Seondeok 선덕왕 善德王 (632–647)
28. Queen Jindeok 진덕왕 眞德王 (647–654)
29. King Taejong Muyeol the Great 태종무열왕 太宗武烈王 (654–661) ("King Muyeol the Great" is a translation of Muyeol Daewang, "Daewang" meaning "great king")

Unified Silla

1. King Munmu 문무대왕 文武大王 (661–681)
2. King Sinmun 신문왕 神文王 (681–691)
3. King Hyoso 효소왕 孝昭王 (692–702)
4. King Seongdeok the Great 성덕대왕 聖德大王 (702–737) ("King Seongdeok the Great" is a translation of Seongdeok Daewang, "Daewang" meaning "great king")
5. King Hyoseong 효성왕 孝成王 (737–742)
6. King Gyeongdeok 경덕왕 景德王 (742–765)
7. King Hyegong 혜공왕 惠恭王 (765–780)
8. King Seondeok 선덕왕 宣德王 (780–785)
9. King Wonseong 원성왕 元聖王 (785–798)
10. King Soseong 소성왕 昭聖王 (798–800)
11. King Aejang 애장왕 哀莊王 (800–809)
12. King Heondeok 헌덕왕 憲德王 (809–826)
13. King Heungdeok 흥덕왕 興德王 (826–836)
14. King Huigang 희강왕 僖康王 (836–838)
15. King Minae 민애왕 閔哀王 (838–839)
16. King Sinmu 신무왕 神武王 (839)
17. King Munseong 문성왕 文聖王 (839–857)
18. King Heonan 헌안왕 憲安王 (857–861)
19. King Gyeongmun 경문왕 景文王 (861–875)
20. King Heongang 헌강왕 憲康王 (875–886)
21. King Jeonggang 정강왕 定康王 (886–887)
22. Queen Jinseong 진성왕 眞聖王 (887–897)
23. King Hyogong 효공왕 孝恭王 (897–912)
24. King Sindeok 신덕왕 神德王 (913–917)
25. King Gyeongmyeong 경명왕 景明王 (917–924)
26. King Gyeongae 경애왕 景哀王 (924–927)
27. King Gyeongsun 경순왕 敬順王 (927–935)

Gaya confederacy

The Gaya confederacy (42–562) consisted of several small statelets. All rulers of Gaya bore the title Wang ("King").

Geumgwan Gaya

Geumgwan Gaya (42–532) was one of the Gaya confederacy.

#	Temple Name		Period of reign
	Westernized	Hangul/Hanja
1	Suro of Geumgwan Gaya	수로왕 首露王	42–199
2	Geodeung of Geumgwan Gaya	거등왕 居登王	199–259
3	Mapum of Geumgwan Gaya	마품왕 麻品王	259–291
4	Geojilmi of Geumgwan Gaya	거질미왕 居叱彌王	291–346
5	Isipum of Geumgwan Gaya	이시품왕 伊尸品王	346–407
6	Jwaji of Geumgwan Gaya	좌지왕 坐知王	407–421
7	Chwihui of Geumgwan Gaya	취희왕 吹希王	421–451
8	Jilji of Geumgwan Gaya	질지왕 銍知王	451–492
9	Gyeomji of Geumgwan Gaya	겸지왕 鉗知王	492–521
10	Guhyeong of Geumgwan Gaya	구형왕 仇衡王	521–532

Daegaya

Daegaya (42–562) was one of the Gaya confederacy.

#	Name		Period of reign
	Westernized	Hangul/Hanja
1	Ijinasi of Daegaya	이진아시왕 伊珍阿豉王	42 CE–?
···	···	···	···
3 or 4	Geumnim of Daegaya	금림왕 錦林王	?–?
···	···	···	···
Unknown	Haji of Daegaya	하지왕 荷知王	?–?
···	···	···	···
6 or 7	Gasil of Daegaya	가실왕 嘉悉王 or 嘉實王	?–?
···	···	···	···
9	Inoe of Daegaya	이뇌왕 異腦王	?–?
10 or 16	Crown Prince Wolgwang or Doseolji of Daegaya	월광태자 (月光太子) or 도설지왕 (道設智王)	?–562

Balhae

Balhae (698–926) was an ancient Korean kingdom established after the fall of Goguryeo. Balhae occupied southern parts of Northeast China and Primorsky Krai, and the northern part of the Korean peninsula.

#	Personal name		Period of reign	Era name (年號)		Posthumous name (諡號)
	Westernized	Hangul/Hanja		Westernized	Hangul/Hanja	Westernized	Hangul/Hanja
1	Dae Joyeong	대조영 大祚榮	698–719	None	None	Go	고왕 高王
2	Dae Muye	대무예 大武藝	719–737	Inan	인안 仁安	Mu	무왕 武王
3	Dae Heummu	대흠무 大欽茂	737–793	Daeheung Boryeok	대흥 (大興) 보력 (寶曆)	Mun	문왕 文王
4	Dae Won-ui	대원의 大元義	793–794	None	None	None	None
5	Dae Hwa-yeo	대화여 大華與	794	Jungheung	중흥 中興	Seong	성왕 成王
6	Dae Sung-rin	대숭린 大嵩璘	794–808	Jeongryeok	정력 正曆	Gang	강왕 康王
7	Dae Won-yu	대원유 大元瑜	808–812	Yeongdeok	영덕 永德	Jeong	정왕 定王
8	Dae Eon-ui	대언의 大言義	812–817?	Jujak	주작 朱雀	Hui	희왕 僖王
9	Dae Myeongchung	대명충 大明忠	817?–818?	Taesi	태시 太始	Gan	간왕 簡王
10	Dae Insu	대인수 大仁秀	818?–830	Geonheung	건흥 建興	Seon	선왕 宣王
11	Dae Ijin	대이진 大彝震	830–857	Hamhwa	함화 咸和	Unknown	Unknown
12	Dae Geonhwang	대건황 大虔晃	857–871	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown
13	Dae Hyeonseok	대현석 大玄錫	871–895	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown
14	Dae Wihae	대위해 大瑋瑎	895–906	None	None	None	None
15	Dae Inseon	대인선 大諲譔	906–926	Unknown	Unknown	None	None

Later Baekje

Hubaekje (900–936) was founded by Gyeon Hwon, who was a general during Later Silla's period of decline. Thus began the Later Three Kingdoms period. Hubaekje met its downfall at the hands of Gyeon Hwon himself, who later led the Goryeo armies alongside Emperor Taejo of Goryeo to capture Singeom, the prince of Hubaekje, who had betrayed Gyeon Hwon.

#	Personal name		Period of reign
	Westernized	Hangul/Hanja
1	Gyeon Hwon	견훤 甄萱	900–935
2	Singeom	신검 神劍	935–936

Later Goguryeo

Later Goguryeo (901–918), also known as Ma-jin or Taebong, was established by Gung-ye, an outcast prince of Silla. Gung-Ye joined General Yang-Gil's rebellion, and rose through the ranks. He eventually assassinated Yang-Gil and established a new kingdom, naming it Later Goguryeo. Gung-Ye turned out to be a tyrant, and was overthrown by his generals, opening the way for General Wang Geon, who established Goryeo.

#	Personal name		Period of reign	Era name (年號)
	Westernized	Hangul/Hanja		Westernized	Hangul/Hanja
1	Gung-ye	궁예 弓裔	901–918	Mutae Seongchaek Sudeok-Manse Jeong-gae	무태 (武泰) 성책 (聖冊) 수덕만세 (水德萬歲) 정개 (政開)

Goryeo

See also: Genealogy of the Goryeo Dynasty

Goryeo (918–1392) was ruled by the Wang Dynasty. The first ruler had the temple name Taejo, which means "great progenitor", and was applied to the first kings of both Goryeo and Joseon, as they were also the founders of the Wang and Yi Dynasties respectively. Starting with Gwangjong, rulers of Goryeo styled themselves emperors, with the first three rulers elevated to that title posthumously. With the Mongol conquest, however, the title of the ruler was demoted to a king, or "Wang."

The next twenty-three kings (until Wonjong) are also referred to by their temple names, ending in jong. Beginning with Chungnyeol (the twenty-fifth king), all the remaining kings of Goryeo had the title Wang ("King") as part of their temple names. Era names are in bracket where available

#	Portrait	Personal name		Period of reign	Courtesy Name (C)/ Mongol name (M) / Pseudonym (Ps)		Temple name (廟號) (T) / Posthumous name (諡號) (P)		Era name (年號)
		Westernized	Hangul/Hanja		Westernized	Hangul/Hanja	Westernized	Hangul/Hanja	Westernized	Hangul/Hanja
1		Wang Geon	왕건 王建	918–943	Yakcheon (C)	약천 若天 (C)	Taejo	태조 太祖 (T)	Cheonsu	천수 天授
2		Wang Mu	왕무 王武	943–945	Sunggeon (C)	승건 承乾 (C)	Hyejong	혜종 惠宗 (T)
3		Wang Yo	왕요 王堯	945–949	Cheon-ui (C)	천의 (C)	Jeongjong	정종 定宗 (T)
4		Wang So	왕소 王昭	949–975	Ilhwa (C)	일화 日華 (C)	Gwangjong	광종 光宗 (T)	Gwangdeok Junpung	광덕 (光德) 준풍 (峻豊)
5		Wang Yu	왕유 王伷	975–981	Jangmin (C)	장민 長民 (C)	Gyeongjong	경종 景宗 (T)
6		Wang Chi	왕치 王治	981–997	On-go (C)	온고 溫古 (C)	Seongjong	성종 成宗 (T)
7		Wang Song	왕송 王誦	997–1009	Hyosin (C)	효신 孝伸 (C)	Mokjong	목종 穆宗 (T)
8		Wang Sun	왕순 王詢	1009–1031	Anse (C)	안세 安世 (C)	Hyeonjong	현종 顯宗 (T)
9		Wang Heum	왕흠 王欽	1031–1034	Wonryang (C)	원량 元良 (C)	Deokjong	덕종 德宗 (T)
10		Wang Hyeong	왕형 王亨	1034–1046	Sinjo (C)	신조 申照 (C)	Jeongjong	정종 靖宗 (T)
11		Wang Hwi	왕휘 王徽	1046–1083	Chok-yu (C)	촉유 燭幽 (C)	Munjong	문종 文宗 (T)
12		Wang Hun	왕훈 王勳	1083	Uigong (C)	의공 義恭 (C)	Sunjong	순종 順宗 (T)
13		Wang Un	왕운 王運	1083–1094	Gyecheon (C)	계천 繼天 (C)	Seonjong	선종 宣宗 (T)
14		Wang Uk	왕욱 王昱	1094–1095			Heonjong	헌종 獻宗 (T)
15		Wang Hui	왕희 王熙	1095–1105	Cheonsang (C)	천상 天常 (C)	Sukjong	숙종 肅宗 (T)
16		Wang U	왕우 王俁	1105–1122	Semin (C)	세민 世民 (C)	Yejong	예종 睿宗 (T)
17		Wang Hae	왕해 王楷	1122–1146	Inpyo (C)	인표 仁表 (C)	Injong	인종 仁宗 (T)
18		Wang Hyeon	왕현 王晛	1146–1170	Ilsung (C)	일승 日升 (C)	Uijong	의종 毅宗 (T)
19		Wang Ho	왕호 王皓	1170–1197	Jidan (C)	지단 之旦 (C)	Myeongjong	명종 明宗 (T)
20		Wang Tak	왕탁 王晫	1197–1204	Jihwa (C)	지화 至華 (C)	Sinjong	신종 神宗 (T)
21		Wang Yeong	왕영 王韺	1204–1211	Bulpi (C)	불피 不陂 (C)	Huijong	희종 熙宗 (T)
22		Wang O	왕오/왕숙/왕정 王晶/王璹/王貞	1211–1213	Daehwa (C)	대화 大華 (C)	Gangjong	강종 康宗 (T)
23		Wang Cheol	왕철 王澈	1213–1259	Cheon-u (C)	천우 天祐 (C)	Gojong	고종 高宗 (T)
24		Wang Sik	왕식 王倎	1259–1274	Ilsin (C)	일신 日新 (C)	Wonjong	원종 元宗 (T)
25		Wang Geo	왕거 王椹	1274–1308			Chungryeol	충렬왕 忠烈王 (P)
26		Wang Jang	왕장 王璋	1308–1313	Jungang (C)	중앙 仲昻 (C)	Chungseon	충선왕 忠宣王 (P)
27		Wang Man	왕만 王燾	1313–1330 1332–1339	Uihyo (C)	의효 (C)	Chungsuk	충숙왕 忠肅王 (P)
28		Wang Jeong	왕정 王禎	1330–1332 1339–1344	Botapsilli (M)	보탑실리 普塔失里 (M)	Chunghye	충혜왕 忠惠王 (P)
29		Wang Heun	왕흔 王昕	1344–1348	Palsamataaji (M)	팔사마타아지 八思麻朶兒只 (M)	Chungmok	충목왕 忠穆王 (P)
30		Wang Jeo	왕저 王蚳	1348–1351	Misagamtaaji (M)	미사감타아지 迷思監朶兒只 (M)	Chungjeong	충정왕 忠靖王 (P)
31		Wang Jeon	왕전 王祺	1351–1374	Bayantemureu (M) Ijae / Ikdang (Ps)	바얀테무르 伯顔帖木兒 (M) 이재 / 익당 (Ps)	Gongmin	공민왕 恭愍王 (P)
32		Wang U	왕우 王禑	1374–1388			U	우왕 禑王 (P)
33		Wang Chang	왕창 王昌	1388–1389			Chang	창왕 昌王 (P)
34		Wang Yo	왕요 王瑤	1389–1392			Gongyang	공양왕 恭讓王 (P)

Joseon

Joseon (1392–1897) followed Goryeo. In 1897, when Joseon became the Korean Empire, some of the Joseon kings were posthumously raised to the rank of emperors.

Joseon monarchs had temple names ending in jo or jong. Jo was given to the first kings/emperors of new lines within the dynasty, with the first king/emperor having the special name (Taejo), which means "great progenitor" (see also Goryeo). Jong was given to all other kings/emperors.

Two kings, Yeonsangun and Gwanghaegun, were not given temple names after their reigns ended.

Each monarch had a posthumous name that included either the title Wang ("King"), Hwangje ("Emperor"), Daewang ("King X the Great"), or Daeje ("Emperor X the Great"). For the sake of consistency, the title "King/Emperor" has been added to each monarch's temple name in the list below.

#	Portrait	Personal name		Period of reign	Korean era name		Temple name (廟號)
		Westernized	Hangul/Hanja		Westernized	Hangul/Hanja	Westernized	Hangul/Hanja
1		Yi Seong-gye	이성계/이단 李成桂/李旦	1392–1398			Taejo	태조 太祖 (T)
2		Yi Bang-gwa	이방과 李芳果	1398–1400			Jeongjong	정종 定宗 (T)
3		Yi Bang-won	이방원 李芳遠	1400–1418			Taejong	태종 太宗(T)
4	File:Sejong of Joseon.jpg	Yi Do	이도 李祹	1418–1450			Sejong the Great	세종 世宗(T)
5		Yi Hyang	이향 李珦	1450–1452			Munjong	문종 文宗 (T)
6		Yi Hong-wi	이홍위 李弘緯	1452–1455			Danjong	단종 端宗 (T)
7		Yi Yu	이유 李瑈	1455–1468			Sejo	세조 世祖 (T)
8		Yi Gwang	이광 李晄	1468–1469			Yejong	예종 睿宗 (T)
9		Yi Hyeol	이혈 李娎	1469–1494			Seongjong	성종 成宗(T)
10		Yi Yung	이융 李隆	1494–1506			Yeonsangun	연산군 燕山君
11		Yi Yeok	이역 李懌	1506–1544			Jungjong	중종 中宗 (T)
12		Yi Ho	이호 李峼	1544–1545			Injong	인종 仁宗 (T)
13		Yi Hwan	이환 李峘	1545–1567			Myeongjong	명종 明宗 (T)
14		Yi Yeon	이연 李蚣	1567–1608			Seonjo	선조 宣祖 (T)
15		Yi Hon	이혼 李琿	1608–1623			Gwanghaegun	광해군 光海君
16		Yi Jong	이종 李倧	1623–1649			Injo	인조 仁祖 (T)
17		Yi Ho	이호 李淏	1649–1659			Hyojong	효종 孝宗(T)
18		Yi Yeon	이연 李棩	1659–1674			Hyeonjong	현종 顯宗 (T)
19		Yi Sun	이순 李焞	1674–1720			Sukjong	숙종 肅宗 (T)
20		Yi Yun	이윤 李昀	1720–1724			Gyeongjong	경종 景宗 (T)
21		Yi Geum	이금 李昑	1724–1776			Yeongjo	영조 英祖 (T)
22	File:Jeongjo of Joseon.jpg	Yi San	이산 李祘	1776–1800			Jeongjo	정조 正祖 (T)
23		Yi Gong	이공 李蚣	1800–1834			Sunjo	순조 純祖 (T)
24		Yi Hwan	이환 李奐	1834–1849			Heonjong	헌종 憲宗 (T)
25	File:Cheoljong crop.JPG	Yi Byeon	이변 李昪	1849–1863			Cheoljong	철종 哲宗 (T)
26		Yi Myeong-bok	이명복 李命福	1863–1897 (1897–1907)*	Gaeguk Geonyang Gwangmu	개국 (開國) 건양 (建陽) 광무 (光武)	Gojong*	고종 高宗 (T)
27	File:2-1.jpg	Yi Cheok	이척 李拓	(1907–1910)*	Yunghui	융희 (隆熙)	Sunjong*	순종 純宗 (T)

* see Korean Empire section

Korean Empire

In 1897, Joseon Dynasty became Korean Empire, which was lasted until 1910. Technically, the emperors should be referred to by their era names rather than their temple names, but the latter are commonly used.

#	Portrait	Personal name		Period of reign	Korean era name		Temple name (廟號)
		Westernized	Hangul/Hanja		Westernized	Hangul/Hanja	Westernized	Hangul/Hanja
1		Yi Myeong bok	이명복 李命福	1897–1907	Gwangmu	광무 光武	Gojong	고종 高宗 (T)
2	File:2-1.jpg	Yi Cheok	이척 李拓	1907–1910	Yunghui	융희 隆熙	Sunjong	순종 純宗 (T)

See also

• Governor-General of Korea
• Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea (1919–1948)
• North Korea (1948–present), List of heads of state of North Korea
• South Korea (1948–present), List of Presidents of South Korea
• Korean Imperial Household
• Head of government of Korea

References

• Yoon, N.-H.(윤내현), The Location and Transfer of GO-CHOSUN's Capital(고조선의 도읍 위치와 그 이동), 단군학연구, 7, 207 - 238 (2002)
• Byeon Tae-seop (변태섭) (1999). 韓國史通論 (Hanguksa tongnon) (Outline of Korean history), 4th ed. ISBN 89-445-9101-6.
• Cumings, Bruce (1997). Korea's place in the sun. New York: W.W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-31681-5.
• Kim, Jung Bae (1997). "Formation of the ethnic Korean nation and the emergence of its ancient kingdom states". Korean history: Discovery of its characteristics and developments. Seoul: Hollym. pp. 27–36. ISBN 1-56591-177-6.
• Nahm, Andrew C. (1988). Korea: Tradition and Transformation — A History of the Korean People. Hollym International. ISBN 0-930878-56-6.
• http://www.rootsinfo.co.kr/index_sub02.html (in Korean only)
• http://www.rulers.org