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KFC
Company typeWholly owned subsidiary
IndustryFast food
Founded1952 (North Corbin, Kentucky)
FounderHarland Sanders
HeadquartersLouisville, Kentucky
Key people
Gregg R. Derrick President
Harvey R. Brownlea COO
James O'Reilly VP for Marketing
ProductsChicken and related Southern foods
Revenue$520.3 million USD (2007)[1]
Number of employees
24,000 (2007)[1]
ParentYum! Brands
Websitehttp://www.kfc.com/

KFC, originally Kentucky Fried Chicken, is a chain of fast food restaurants based in Louisville, Kentucky. KFC has been a wholly owned subsidiary of Yum! Brands since 2002.

The company was founded as Kentucky Fried Chicken by Colonel Harland Sanders in 1952. The company adopted the abbreviated form of its name in 1991.[2] Starting in April 2007, the company began using its original appellation of Kentucky Fried Chicken again for its signage, packaging and advertisements in the United States as part of a new corporate re-branding program;[3][4] newer and remodeled restaurants will have the new logo and name while older stores will continue to use the 1991 signage. Additionally, the company continues to use the abbreviation KFC freely in its advertising. Internationally the company is still known as KFC.

KFC primarily sells chicken in form of pieces, wraps, salads and sandwiches. While its primary focus is fried chicken, it also offers a line of roasted chicken products, sides and desserts. Outside of North America, KFC offers beef based products such as burgers or kebabs, pork based products such as ribs and other regional fare. The popularity and novelty of KFC has led to the general formula of the fried chicken fast-food restaurant being copied by restaurant owners worldwide.

History

The restaurant in North Corbin, KY where Colonel Sanders developed Kentucky Fried Chicken
World's first KFC in South Salt Lake, Utah, since replaced by a new KFC on the same site

Born and raised in Henryville, Indiana, Sanders passed through several professions in his lifetime.[5] Sanders first served his fried chicken in 1930 in the midst of the Great Depression at a gas station he owned in North Corbin, Kentucky. The dining area was named "Sanders Court & Café" and was so successful that in 1936 Kentucky Governor Ruby Laffoon granted Sanders the title of honorary Kentucky Colonel, in recognition of his contribution to the state's cuisine. The following year Sanders expanded his restaurant to 142 seats, and added a motel he bought across the street.[6] When Sanders prepared his chicken in his original restaurant in North Corbin, he prepared the chicken in an iron skillet, which took about 30 minutes to do, too long for a restaurant operation. In 1939, Sanders altered the cooking process for his fried chicken to use a pressure fryer, resulting in a greatly reduced cooking time comparable to that of deep frying.[7] In 1940 Sanders devised what came to be known as his Original Recipe.[8]

The Sanders Court & Café generally served travelers, often those headed to Florida, so when the route planned in the 1950s for what would become Interstate 75 bypassed Corbin, he sold his properties and traveled the U.S. to sell his chicken to restaurant owners. Sanders entered into franchise agreements paying him five cents for each piece of chicken sold.[citation needed] The first to take him up on the offer was Pete Harman in South Salt Lake, Utah; together, they opened the first "Kentucky Fried Chicken" outlet in 1952.[9] By the early 1960s Kentucky Fried Chicken was sold in over 600 franchised outlets in both the United States and Canada. One of the longest-lived franchisees of the older Col. Sanders' chicken concept, as opposed to the KFC chain, was the Kenny Kings chain. The company owned many Northern Ohio diner-style restaurants, the last of which closed in 2004. Sanders sold the entire KFC franchising operation in 1964 for $2 million USD ($10.2 million adjusted for inflation).[citation needed] Since that time, the chain has been sold three more times, most recently to PepsiCo, which made it part of its Tricon Global Restaurants division, which in turn was spun off in 1997, and has now been renamed to Yum! Brands. Additionally, Colonel Sanders' nephew, Lee Cummings, took his own Kentucky Fried Chicken franchises (and a chicken recipe of his own) and converted them to his own "spin-off" restaurant chain, Lee's Famous Recipe Chicken.

Today, some of the older KFC restaurants have become famous in their own right. One such restaurant is located in Marietta, Georgia. This store is notable for a 56-foot (17 m) tall sign that looks like a chicken. The sign, known locally as the Big Chicken, was built for an earlier fast-food restaurant on the site called Johnny Reb's Chick, Chuck and Shake. It is often used as a travel reference point in the Atlanta area by locals and pilots.[10]

Products

Packaging

The famous paper bucket that KFC uses for its larger sized orders of chicken and has come to signify the company was originally created by Wendy's restaurants founder Dave Thomas. Thomas was originally a franchisee of the original Kentucky Fried Chicken and operated several outlets in the Columbus, Ohio area. His reasoning behind using the paper packaging was that it helped keep the chicken crispy by wicking away excess moisture. The rotating bucket sign was designed by Leonard Goldstein to advertise the availability of Kentucky Fried Chicken at his Lendy's Restaurants in Roanoke and Salem, VA. The signs first appeared in 1961, a year before Dave Thomas took over 4 Kentucky Fried Chicken stores in Columbus, OH.

Chicken

KFC's Original Recipe fried chicken and French fries
  • KFC's specialty is fried chicken served in various forms. KFC's primary product is pressure-fried pieces of chicken made with one of two types of breading: original recipe or extra crispy.
  • KFC has two lines of sandwiches: its "regular" chicken sandwiches and its Snackers line. The regular sandwiches are served on either a sesame seed or corn dusted roll and are made from either whole breast fillets (fried or roasted), chopped chicken in a sauce or fried chicken strips. The Snackers line are value priced items that consist of chicken strips and various toppings. In the UK the main sandwiches are chicken fillet burger (a chicken breast fillet coated in an original-recipe coating with salad garnish and mayonnaise) and a Zinger Burger (as with the former but with a spicier coating and salsa). Both of these are available as "tower" variants, which include a slice of cheese and a hash brown.
  • A variety of smaller finger food products are available at KFC including chicken strips, wings, nuggets and popcorn chicken. These products can be ordered plain or with various sauces, including several types of barbecue sauces and buffalo sauce.
  • Several pies have been made available from KFC. The Pot Pie is a savory pie made with chicken, gravy and vegetables. In the second quarter of 2006, KFC introduced its variation on Shepherd's pie called the Famous Bowl. Served in a plastic bowl, it is layered with mashed potatoes or rice, gravy, corn, popcorn chicken, and cheese. The bowl had been available at KFC's special test market store in Louisville since the third quarter of 2005.
  • The KFC Twister is a wrap that consists of either chicken strips or roasted chicken, tomato, cheese, lettuce and (pepper) mayonnaise wrapped in a tortilla.
  • Shish kebab - in several markets KFC sells kebabs. In Australia KFC serves them in a flour tortilla or as a spicy version called Hotrods with hot and spicy seasoned boneless chicken still on skewer.

Other products

Coleslaw
  • In some international locations, KFC may sell hamburgers, pork ribs or fish. In the U.S., KFC began offering the Fish Snacker sandwich during Lent in 2006. The Fish Snacker consists of a rectangular patty of Alaskan Pollock on a small bun, and is the fifth KFC menu item in the Snacker category.[11]
  • Three types of salads (which can be topped with roasted or fried chicken) are available at KFC: Caesar, house, and BLT salads.
  • Zinger Burger - A regular sized burger which regularly conists of a boneless fillet of hot and spicy chicken, lettuce and mayonnaise in a burger bun. Cheese, tomato, bacon and pineapple can be added upon request. Barbecue sauce can also replace the mayonnaise.
  • Parfait deserts - "Little Bucket Parfaits" in varieties such as Fudge Brownie, Chocolate Crème (once called the Colonel's Little Fudge Bucket), Lemon Crème and Strawberry Shortcake are available at most locations. [12]
  • Sara Lee Desserts - Available in either Cookies and Cream Cheesecake or Choc Caramel Mousse.
  • Fillers - A nine inch (22cm) sub available in four different varieties. Sold in Australia.
  • Potato wedges, coleslaw, macaroni and cheese.
  • "Variety Bucket": This has chicken, popcorn chicken, two sides, biscuit.

Sides

Discontinued products

  • The Colonel's Rotisserie Gold - This product was introduced in the 1990s as a response to the Boston Market chain's roasted chicken products, and a healthier mindset of the general public avoiding fried food. Purportedly made from a "lost" Col. Sanders recipe, it was sold as a whole roaster or a half bird.[13]
  • Tender Roast Chicken - This product was an off-shoot of 'The Colonel's Rotisserie Gold'. Instead of whole and half birds, customers were given quarter roasted chicken pieces. For a time, customers could request chicken "original", "Extra Tasty Crispy", or "Tender Roast".
  • Chicken Little sandwich - a value oriented sandwich that sold for $0.50(USD) in the U.S. during the late 1980s and early 1990s. It was a small chicken patty with mayonnaise on a small roll, similar to White Castle's mini chicken sandwich.[14]
  • Extra Tasty Crispy (ETC) - Chicken much like the Extra Crispy served today, except ETC was prepared using chicken that had been soaking for at least a day in special marinade. There is some speculation that the marinade may have been made with trans-fats, and KFC boasts to no longer use trans-fats in their chicken. In the summer of 2007, KFC started marketing the chicken just as "Extra Crispy" without the marinade. Its logo is 'Finger lickin' good'.
  • Chicken Nuggets were available at KFC until 1996. No reason has been given for their discontinuation.

Nutritional value

KFC formerly used partially hydrogenated oil in its fried foods. This oil contains relatively high levels of trans fat, which increases the risk of heart disease. The Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) filed a court case against KFC, with the aim of making it use other types of oils or make sure customers know about trans fat content immediately before they buy food.

In October 2006, KFC announced that it would begin frying its chicken in trans fat-free oil. This would also apply to their potato wedges and other fried foods, however, the biscuits, macaroni and cheese, and mashed potatoes would still contain trans fat. Trans fat-free soybean oil was introduced in all KFC restaurants in the U.S. by 30 April 2007. CSPI announced that it would immediately drop its lawsuit against KFC and was hopeful that this would create a ripple effect on other restaurants or fast food chains that prepare food rich in trans fat. "If KFC, which deep-fries almost everything, can get the artificial trans fat out of its frying oil, anyone can," CSPI Executive Director Michael Jacobson said in a statement.[15]

Advertising

File:KFC.png
KFC's logo from 1997 until November 2006

Early television advertisements for KFC regularly featured Colonel Sanders licking his fingers and talking to the viewer about his secret recipe and the importance of a family joining one another for a meal. Despite his death in 1980, this angle was quite common through the 1980s and up until the early-mid 1990s.

Throughout the mid 1980s, KFC called on Will Vinton Studios to produce a series of humorous, claymation ads. These most often featured a cartoon-like chicken illustrating the poor food quality of competing food chains, mentioning prolonged freezing and other negative aspects.[16] TV ads also featured Foghorn Leghorn advising Henery Hawk to visit the restaurant for better chicken.

In the 80s, KFC was an associate sponsor for Junior Johnson's NASCAR Winston Cup Series cars, with such drivers as Darrell Waltrip, Neil Bonnett, and Terry Labonte.

In 1997 KFC briefly re-entered the NASCAR Winston Cup Series as sponsor of the #26 Darrell Waltrip Motorsports Chevrolet with driver Rich Bickle at the Brickyard 400.

A co-branded Long John Silvers and KFC

By the late 1990s, the stylized likeness of Colonel Sanders as the KFC logo had been modified. KFC ads began featuring an animated version of "the Colonel" with a lively and enthusiastic attitude. He would often start out saying "The Colonel here!" and moved across the screen with a cane in hand. The Colonel was often shown dancing, singing, and knocking on the TV screen as he spoke to the viewer about the product. In reference to these ads, William Shatner shouted "The Colonel is breakdancing! Give me a break!" in the song "I Can't Get Behind That"[17]

The animated Colonel is uncommon today. Still using a humorous slant, the current KFC campaign revolves mostly around customers enjoying the food. It also features a modified version of Lynyrd Skynyrd's "Sweet Home Alabama" as the theme song for practically all its commercials, though the restaurant hails from Kentucky.

In 2006, KFC claimed to have made the first logo visible from outer space, though Readymix has had one since 1965.[18][19] KFC says "[It] marked the official debut of a massive global re-image campaign that will contemporize 14,000-plus KFC restaurants in over 80 countries over the next few years." The logo was built from 65,000 one-foot-square tiles, and it took six days on site to construct in early November. The logo measured a record-breaking 87,500 square feet (8,130 m2),[citation needed] and was placed in the Mojave Desert near Rachel, Nevada.[20]

Many KFC locations are co-located with one or more of Yum! Brands restaurants, Long John Silvers, Taco Bell, Pizza Hut, or A&W Restaurants. Many of these locations behave like a single restaurant, offering a single menu with food items from both restaurants.[21]

One of KFC's latest advertisments is a commercial advertising it's "wicked crunch box meal". The commercial features a fictional black metal band called "Hellvetica" performing live, the lead singer then swallows fire. The commercial then shows the lead singer at a KFC eating the "wicked crunch box meal" and saying "Oh man that is hot".

International operations

Examples of Kentucky Fried Chicken's international operations

(Listed alphabetically by county)
Countries with KFC restaurants:
Countries with KFC restaurants
Key:
Blue: Countries currently with KFC restaurants

Global locations

  • Canada

In Quebec, KFC was officially renamed as PFK (Poulet Frit Kentucky) in the late 1970's after the Parti Quebecois was elected to power. This was due to the province's language laws on commercial signs, and part of law prohibiting the specific use of only English. In the early 1990s, these regulations were relaxed to allow national chains to use their familiar name in Quebec, but KFC/PFK continues to be one of the few non-Quebec companies to use a French name in the province.

  • China

KFC is known as 肯德基炸鸡 (pinyin: Kěn Dé Jī Zhà Jī) in China.

In 1987, it opened its first store in Qianmen Beijing, the capital of China. In 2007, it has over 1800 restaurants in 402 cities in all Mainland China's provinces other than Tibet. [22] From 2000 to 2005, it was selected as the "Best chain store brand." [23]

KFC is the most popular Western fast-food chain in Taiwan.[24] Local menu items include egg tarts, and lotus root salad. KFC in China also serves other poultry in addition to chicken.[citation needed]

  • Germany

The first KFC locations opened in Germany in the 1960s thus making it one of the first European countries where KFC established itself. Currently, there are 53 locations across Germany, with most located in major cities, with several new locations planned in Munich and Dortmund.[25]

  • India

In India, KFC has not established itself in any large way as opposed to another Yum! brand-name restaurant, Pizza Hut, which is prevalent in most Indian cities. It has outlets in Mumbai and Bangalore. The success of the Mumbai restaurant led KFC to introduce the hot and spicy chicken flavour which is more acceptable to the Indian palate. More recently, KFC has opened outlets in Chennai at Spencer Plaza, Ascendas in Tharamani and at City Center in Mylapore.

File:KFC Sanders Tokyo 2006.JPG
A life-sized statue of Colonel Sanders stands and greets customers outside a KFC in Tokyo, Japan.
  • Japan

A life size statue of the Colonel stands in front of most stores in Japan. Fried chicken is an especially popular dish at Christmas time and on Christmas Eve many families, many of who have made reservations weeks in advance, have their traditional Christmas dinner of Kentucky Fried Chicken at home.[26]

Controversies

Environmental concerns

KFC has been accused of a large destruction of the Amazon Rainforest, because the supply of soy used for chicken food KFC receives from Cargill has been traced back to the European KFC. Cargill has reportedly been exporting soy illegally for several years.[27] The Greenpeace organization researched the issue and brought it to the attention of the parent company YUM! Brands, Inc. The parent company denied the illegal operation, and said that their supply of soy is grown in parts of Brazil.[27] Greenpeace has called on KFC to stop purchasing soy from Cargill, to avoid contributing to the destruction of the Amazon.[27][28]

Trademark disputes

In 1971, Sanders sued Heublein Inc., KFC's parent company at the time, over the alleged misuse of his image in promoting products he had not helped develop. In 1975, Heublein Inc. unsuccessfully sued Sanders for libel after he publicly referred to their gravy as "sludge" with a "wallpaper taste".[29]

Protesters demonstrating outside a KFC restaurant in Royal Oak, Michigan
Balmoral KFC workers and allies picket the store

Wages and working conditions

Like many fast food outlets, KFC employs a high proportion of young, unskilled workers, at or just above minimum wage, and its workers are not unionized. In New Zealand, KFC youth workers earn NZ$10.13 an hour. Staff at the Balmoral, Auckland store went on strike for two hours on December 3, 2005 after Restaurant Brands, the franchise holder, offered no wage increase in contract negotiations.[30] In March of 2006, Restaurant Brands agreed to phase out youth rates in New Zealand, although no date was set.

Many stores in western Canada are unionized with the Canadian Auto Workers, and as a result many non-franchise stores in western Canada pay higher than minimum wage. In British Columbia, where minimum wage is $8 an hour, KFC employees make between $10 and $11 an hour.[citation needed]

Animal rights

Since 2003, animal rights and welfare organizations, led by People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), have been protesting KFC’s treatment of the animals used for its products. These groups claim that the recommendations of the KFC Animal Welfare Advisory Council have been ignored.[31] Adele Douglass, a former member of the council, said in an SEC filing reported on by the Chicago Times, that KFC "never had any meetings. They never asked any advice, and then they touted to the press that they had this animal-welfare advisory committee. I felt like I was being used."[32][33]

KFC responded by saying the chickens used in its products are bought from suppliers like Perdue Farms, Tyson Foods, and Pilgrim's Pride, and that these suppliers are routinely monitored for animal welfare violations.[34] Several PETA undercover investigations and videos of these and other KFC suppliers purport to show chickens being beaten, ripped apart, and thrown against walls contradict KFC’s claims.[35] There have been more than 12,000 demonstrations at KFC outlets since 2003 because of this alleged mistreatment of chickens by KFC suppliers.

Urban legends

Urban legends about KFC's rebranding from Kentucky Fried Chicken include the notion that the Commonwealth of Kentucky planned legal action against the chain due to a trademark on "Kentucky." Another popular tale is that the chain was forced to change its name from Kentucky Fried Chicken to KFC based on the assertion that the chain would be falsely advertising their products as being made from actual chickens. The corollary to the myth is that the chicken products came from highly genetically modified animals without feathers, beaks, or feet, which were easier to harvest.[36] Both such tales have been debunked.

The TLC program Mostly True Stories: Urban Legends Revealed had a segment called "Kentucky Fried Rat," which aired on June 10, 2003. The story described a woman who purchased a dinner from KFC as a shortcut in the evening preparations for her family, only for the dinner that was supposed to be chicken turn out to be rat[37]. According to the show, the story was not true.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Joe Bramhall. "KFC". Hoovers.com. Retrieved 2008-02-21.
  2. ^ Peter O. Keegan (1991-02-21). "KFC shuns 'fried' image with new name - Kentucky Fried Chicken has changed its name to KFC". Nation's Restaurant News. Retrieved 2007-08-24.
  3. ^ "KFC Resurrecting Old Kentucky Fried Chicken Name, With New Image". buzzle.com. 2005-05-01. Retrieved 2007-08-28.
  4. ^ Anne DiNardo. "Kentucky Fried Chicken: Fast Food Makeover". VMSD.com date=2005-08-29. Retrieved 2007-08-28. {{cite web}}: Missing pipe in: |publisher= (help)
  5. ^ Doug Bennett, Jr. "Kentucky's Colonel Sanders". The Courier-Journal. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ Kevin Beimers, Aimee Lingman. "Doing Chicken Right Since 1932". roadtrip.beimers.com. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ KFC (2007). "The Pressure Cooker". KFC. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  8. ^ a b KFC (2007). "History". KFC. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  9. ^ Jenifer K. Nii (2004). "Colonel's landmark KFC is mashed". Deseret Morning News. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  10. ^ Roadside America. "The Big Chicken". Roadside America. Retrieved 2007-04-16.
  11. ^ Alex Davis for the Louisville Courier-Journal (2007). "KFC tries Kentucky fried fish". Archive. Kentucky Community and Technical College System. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  12. ^ http://www.kfc.com/menu/desserts_parfaits.asp
  13. ^ Peter O. Keegan (1993). "Rotisserie Gold media blitz storms nation". Nations Restaurant News. Retrieved 2007-08-21.
  14. ^ Webb Howell, (2000). "Power to the People". QSR Magazine. Retrieved 2007-08-21.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
  15. ^ Todd Zwillich (2006). "KFC to Fry Chicken Without Trans Fats". WebMD. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  16. ^ Animate Clay!. "Vinton Studio Commercials". Animate Clay!.
  17. ^ [1].
  18. ^ KFC (2006). "KFC Creates World's First Brand Visible from Space". Press Release. KFC. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  19. ^ Stephen Hutcheon (2006). "Giant Nullarbor logo zooms back into focus". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 2007-10-28.
  20. ^ Associated Press (2006). "KFC Unveils New Logo with Giant Image in Nevada Desert". FOX News. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  21. ^ Melanie Warner (2005-07-11). "Diners Walk Through One Door and Visit Two Restaurants". the New York Times. Retrieved 2007-12-29. Yum's multibranded stores have two illuminated logos, but they function as one restaurant. They have combined kitchens, a single line of cashiers and a staff trained to prepare both sets of menu items. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  22. ^ Yum! Brands. Yum! China Division. Retrieved on December 9, 2007.
  23. ^ People's Daily. China Grants Kentucky Best Franchise Brand. Retrieved on December 9, 2007.
  24. ^ Jack Marr, Alcinda Hatfield. "Fast-Food Restaurants: Just What Eastern China's Consumers Ordered". USDA Foreign Agricultural Service. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  25. ^ http://www.kfc.de/51/restaurants/
  26. ^ The Age (2005). "Deck the malls, it's Yuletide in Japan". The Age Company Ltd. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  27. ^ a b c Greenpeace (2006). "KFC exposed for trashing the Amazon rainforest for buckets of chicken". Greenpeace. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  28. ^ Brazil Magazine (2006). "KFC's Secret Ingredients Include Soy That's Destroying the Amazon, Says Greenpeace". Brazil Magazine. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  29. ^ Kleber, John E. (1992). The Kentucky Encyclopedia. University Press of Kentucky. pp. page 796. ISBN 0-81311-772-0. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  30. ^ The New Zealand Herald (2005). "KFC staff to strike". The New Zealand Herald. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  31. ^ Dr. Temple Grandin, Dr. Johan Raj, Dr. Ian Duncan (2005). "Animal welfare recommendations and proposed plan of action for implementation at KFC suppliers" (.pdf). People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  32. ^ Securities and Exchange Commission (2006). "Relating to an Animal Welfare Standards Report - Shareholder Proposal". EDGAR Online, Inc. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  33. ^ David Montgomery (2003). "Small But Mighty Rights Group Tries Gentler Approach". Archived. Chicago Tribune. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  34. ^ CNN (2003). "Pamela Anderson takes on KFC". CNN. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help); Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  35. ^ PETA (2005). "Undercover Investigations". PETA. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  36. ^ Barbara and David Mikkelson. "Tastes like Chicken". Urban Legends Reference Pages.
  37. ^ http://www.tvguide.com/detail/tv-show.aspx?tvobjectid=194593&more=ucepisodelist&episodeid=3871908

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