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Bhadohi district

Coordinates: 25°20′24″N 82°28′12″E / 25.34000°N 82.47000°E / 25.34000; 82.47000
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Sant Ravidas Nagar
District of Uttar Pradesh
Sant Ravidas Nagar
A view of Morva River in Moosilatpur village
A view of Morva River in Moosilatpur village
Location of Sant Ravidas Nagar
Country India
StateUttar Pradesh
DivisionMirzapur
Established30 June 1994
HeadquartersBhadohi
Tehsils3
Government
 • District MagistrateGaurang Rathi, IAS
 • Lok Sabha constituenciesBhadohi
 • Member of Parliament, Lok SabhaRamesh Chand Bind
Area
 • Total
1,015 km2 (392 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total
1,578,213
 • Density1,600/km2 (4,000/sq mi)
Language
 • OfficialHindi[1]
 • RegionalBhojpuri
Demographics
 • Literacy89.14%
 • Sex ratio902
Time zoneUTC+05:30 (IST)
Vehicle registrationUP-66
Major highways
WebsiteOfficial Website

Sant Ravidas Nagar District is a district of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India.[2] The city of Bhadohi is the district headquarters. Bhadohi is one of largest centres of Carpet Industries in India and is worldwide known as 'Carpet City of India'. Carpets of Bhadohi have 'Geographical Indication' tag attached to it. Bhadohi has huge geographical significance and position attached to it due to its location between two culturally important and rich heritage cities of Prayagraj and Varanasi.

History

Hariharnath Mandir, Gyanpur

Ancient period

See also: Sita Samahit Sthal

According to the epic Mahābhārata, the Pandavas escaped from Lakshagrah through a tunnel and took shelter here at a place called Semradhnath. It is also believed that Mata Sita, wife of Lord Rama, lived here in the ashram of Maharshi Valmiki when she was abandoned by Lord Rama, and also that Lav and Kush the twin sons of Lord Rama were born in this ashram only. Once, followed by fake accuses of public and Lord Rama's request to prove her purity once again Mata Sita in grief immersed herself in the lap of goddess Earth.

Medieval period

Bhadohi supposedly gets its name from Bhar Raj of the region which had Bhadohi as its capital, whose traces can be found in the names of ruined mounds and old tanks named after the Bhar rulers, a tributary of Kannauj kingdom, which in the early medieval period was included in the Kingdom of Jaunpur.

During the reign of Mughal Emperor Akbar, Bhadohi was made a dastur and included in the sarkar of Allahabad.

By the fifteenth century the Bhar were overpowered by Monas Rajputs with Sagar Rai as the first head of the clan, and his grandson, Jodh Rai received it as a zamindari sanad (deed) from Mughal Emperor Shah-e-Jahan.

However around 1750 AD due to non-payment of land revenue arrears, Raja Pratap Singh of Pratapgarh, in lieu of his paying the arrears gave the entire pargana to Balwant Singh of Benaras, subsequently he received it directly under a sanad from Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula of Awadh under British influence in 1770 AD.

In 1911, Bhadohi came under first Maharaja of the newly created princely state of Benares ruled by Maharaja Prabhu Narayan Singh and it remained with Benaras till 1947.[3][4][5]

Modern period

Bhadohi was created on 30 June 1994 as the 65th district of the State. It was part of Varanasi district prior to its creation.

The Mayawati government changed this district's name from Bhadohi to Sant Ravidas Nagar (S.R.N.). The Akhilesh Yadav government resolved on 6 December 2014 to change the name back to Bhadohi.[6]

Geography

This district is situated in the plains of the Ganges River, which forms the southwestern border of the district. Ganges, Varuna and Morva are the main rivers. The district is surrounded by Jaunpur district to the north, Varanasi district to the east, Mirzapur district to the south, and Prayagraj district to the west. With an area of 1055.99 km² Bhadohi is the smallest district of Uttar Pradesh area wise. Bhoganw and Rampur are famous ghats in Bhadohi, and also there are many divine temples in Bhadohi, namely: Sita Samahit Sthal (Sitamarhi), Semradhnath Mahadev Dham, Baba Harihar Nath Mandir, Baba Doodhnath Mandir, Ghopaila Devi Mandir (Gyanpur), Chakwa Mahaveer Hanuman Mandir, Baba Bade Shiv Mandir (Gopiganj), Bhadreshwar Mahadev Mandir, Maa Kamakhya Dham (Uchetha Village), Baba Pandwa Nath Mandir (Kaulapur), Shiv Mandir (Sundarpur), ShreeRam Mandir (Kaulapur), Shani Dham, Baba Tileshwarnath Mandir (Tilanga village), Bhadrakali temple, and Baba Gangeshwarnath Dham (Itahara Uparwar Village) Khorabeer Maharaj(Bhagavanpur) Baba KabutarNath Mandir Gopiganj Anjahi Mohal.

Divisions

This district is divided into three tehsils, Aurai Tehsil, Bhadohi and Gyanpur, and six blocks,[7] Bhadohi, Suriyawan, Gyanpur, Deegh, Abholi[8] and Aurai.[9]

There are 1075 populated villages, including Gird Baragaon, and 149 non-populated villages, along with 79 nyay-panchayat and 489 gram panchayats in the district. The district has nine police stations.

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901252,866—    
1911254,175+0.05%
1921258,180+0.16%
1931276,399+0.68%
1941327,907+1.72%
1951388,471+1.71%
1961464,317+1.80%
1971557,307+1.84%
1981780,014+3.42%
19911,077,633+3.28%
20011,353,705+2.31%
20111,578,213+1.55%
source:[10]
Religion in Bhadohi district (2011)[11]
Religion Percent
Hinduism
 
 86.70%
Islam
 
 12.92%
Other or not stated
 
 0.38%

According to the 2011 census Bhadohi district had a population of 1,578,213,[12] roughly equal to the nation of Gabon[13] or the US state of Hawaii.[14] This gives it a ranking of 320th in India (out of a total of 640).[12] The district has a population density of 1,531 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,970/sq mi).[12] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 14.81%.[12] Bhadohi has a sex ratio of 950 females for every 1000 males,[12] and a literacy rate of 89.14%. 14.53% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes made up 22.37% of the population.[12]

Languages

Languages in Bhadohi district (2011)[15]

  Hindi (66.38%)
  Bhojpuri (18.34%)
  Awadhi (13.01%)
  Urdu (2.17%)
  Others (0.10%)

At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 66.38% of the population in the district spoke Hindi, 18.34% Bhojpuri, 13.01% Awadhi and 2.17% Urdu as their first language.[15]

Tehsil Hindi Awadhi Bhojpuri Urdu
Bhadohi 70.52% 14.26% 10.29% 4.79%
Gyanpur 75.50% 18.83% 4.99% 0.58%
Aurai 49.32% 3.92% 45.90% 0.82%

Economy

Bhadohi carpets

A carpet seller in Gopiganj, Bhadohi, India

Carpet weaving in Bhadohi-Mirzapur region dates back to the 16th century, during the reign of Mughal Emperor, Akbar[2] and is believed to have established when centuries ago, some Iranian master weavers stopped at Madhosingh village, near Khamaria, in Bhadohi while travelling in India, and subsequently set up looms here.[16]

The present day Bhadohi district is biggest carpet manufacturing centres in India, most known for its hand-knotted carpet. While the Mirzapur-Bhadohi region has the largest number of weavers involved in handmade carpet weaving cluster, engaging around 3.2 million people in the industry, Bhadohi alone employs 2.2 million rural artisans in its 100 percent export-oriented industry.[2] Bhadohi based organisations account for about 75% of the Rs 44 billion of total carpet exports from India, The annual turnover of carpet exports from Bhadohi was Rs 25 billion (approx) in 2010.[citation needed]

In 2010, the carpets of the region received the Geographical Indication (GI) tag, which means carpets manufactured in nine districts of the region, Bhadohi, Mirzapur, Varanasi, Ghazipur, Sonebhadra, Kaushambi, Allahabad, Jaunpur and Chandauli would be tagged with 'handmade carpet of Bhadohi'. Most of the production is aimed at foreign countries.[16]

Well-known carpet types from Bhadohi include cotton Dhurries, Chhapra Mir carpets, Abusan, Persian, Loribaft, Indo Gabbeh but also Nepalese carpets and more recent shaggy type carpets.[citation needed] They are manufactured in various qualities.

Bhadohi received a major boost in November 2018 as the government has extended the 'export excellence' tag to it. Under the 'Towns of Export Excellence' tag, carpet makers of the city will get financial assistance from the central government to procure modern machines, improve export infrastructure, and organise fairs and exhibitions in different parts of the world to attract global buyers. Bhadohi will be the 37th town in India to get this status. The tag would help put the carpet city on the world map.[citation needed]

References

  1. ^ "52nd Report of the Commissioners for Linguistic Minorities in India" (PDF). nclm.nic.in. Ministry of Minority Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 26 December 2018.
  2. ^ a b c "District Census Handbook" (PDF). Directorate of Census Operations (Uttar Pradesh). Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 November 2016. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
  3. ^ Encyclopaedia of Human Geography (Set of 3 Vols.). Anmol Publications. 2005. p. 107. ISBN 81-261-2444-X.
  4. ^ Bayly, Christopher Alan (1988). Rulers, Townsmen and Bazaars: North Indian Society in the Age of British Expansion, 1770–1870. CUP Archive. p. 103. ISBN 0-521-31054-7.
  5. ^ "Historical Background of Bhadohi Carpet Industry" (PDF). Shodhganga.
  6. ^ "Sant Ravidas Nagar district to be renamed as Bhadohi". India TV. 7 December 2014. Retrieved 16 January 2017.
  7. ^ Suraj, Mishra. "wikivillage.in".
  8. ^ Abholi, Wikivillage.in
  9. ^ Aurai, Wikivillage.in
  10. ^ Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901
  11. ^ "Table C-01 Population by Religion: Uttar Pradesh". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
  12. ^ a b c d e f "District Census Handbook: Sant Ravidas Nagar (Bhadohi)" (PDF). censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
  13. ^ US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Archived from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 1 October 2011. Gabon 1,576,665
  14. ^ "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 30 September 2011. Hawaii 1,360,301
  15. ^ a b "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Uttar Pradesh". www.censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  16. ^ a b "Famed Bhadohi carpet gets GI tag". The Times of India. 9 September 2010. Archived from the original on 5 November 2012.

25°20′24″N 82°28′12″E / 25.34000°N 82.47000°E / 25.34000; 82.47000

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