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4th United States Congress

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4th United States Congress
3rd ←
→ 5th
Congress Hall (2007)
March 4, 1795 – March 4, 1797
Members30-32 senators
106-107 representatives
1 non-voting delegates
Senate majorityFederalist
Senate PresidentJohn Adams (F)
House majorityDemocratic-Republican
House SpeakerJonathan Dayton (F)
Sessions
Special: June 8, 1795 – June 26, 1795
1st: December 7, 1795 – June 1, 1796
2nd: December 5, 1796 – March 3, 1797

The 4th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met at Congress Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, from March 4, 1795, to March 4, 1797, during the last two years of George Washington's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the First Census of the United States in 1790. The Senate had a Federalist majority, and the House had a Democratic-Republican majority.

Major events

See also: 1795 in the United States, 1796 in the United States, and 1797 in the United States

Major legislation

See also: List of United States federal legislation, 1789–1901

Treaties ratified

States admitted

Party summary

President of the Senate John Adams
President pro tempore Henry Tazewell

This was the first Congress to have organized political parties. Details on changes are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate

Party
(shading shows control) 		Total Vacant
Democratic-
Republican
(DR) 		Federalist
(F)
End of previous congress 13[a] 17[b] 30 0
Begin 10 20 30 0
End 11 21 32
Final voting share 34.4% 65.6%
Beginning of next congress 9 22 31 1

House of Representatives

Party
(shading shows control) 		Total Vacant
Democratic-
Republican
(DR) 		Federalist
(F)
End of previous congress 54[c] 49[d] 103 2
Begin 58 46 104 1
End 59 47 1060
Final voting share 55.7% 44.3%
Beginning of next congress 57 49 106 0

Leadership

Speaker of the House
Jonathan Dayton

Senate

House of Representatives

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and Representatives are listed by district.

Skip to House of Representatives, below

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring re-election in 1796; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 1798; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring re-election in 1800.

House of Representatives

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of this Congress

Senate

There were 10 resignations, 2 new seats, and 1 election to replace an appointee. There was a 1-seat gain for both the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans.

See also: List of special elections to the United States Senate

Template:Ordinal US Congress Senate

|- | Georgia
(2) | style="background-color:#AACC99" | James Jackson (DR) | Resigned sometime in 1795 | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | George Walton (F) | Appointed November 16, 1795 |- | Georgia
(2) | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | George Walton (F) | Interim appointment expired February 20, 1796, with an election | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Josiah Tattnall (DR) | Elected February 20, 1796 |- | Connecticut
(1) | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | Oliver Ellsworth (F) | Resigned March 8, 1796 | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | James Hillhouse (F) | Elected March 12, 1796 |- | New York
(2) | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | Rufus King (F) | Resigned May 23, 1796, having been appointed Minister to England | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | John Laurance (F) | Elected November 9, 1796 |- | Massachusetts
(2) | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | Caleb Strong (F) | Resigned June 1, 1796 | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | Theodore Sedgwick (F) | Elected June 11, 1796 |- | Massachusetts
(1) | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | George Cabot (F) | Resigned June 9, 1796 | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | Benjamin Goodhue (F) | Elected June 11, 1796 |- | Connecticut
(3) | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | Jonathan Trumbull, Jr. (F) | Resigned June 10, 1796 | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | Uriah Tracy (F) | Elected October 13, 1796 |- | Tennessee
(1) | rowspan=2 | New seat | rowspan=2 | Tennessee was admitted to the Union | style="background-color:#AACC99" | William Cocke (DR) | rowspan=2 | Elected August 2, 1796 |- | Tennessee
(2) | style="background-color:#AACC99" | William Blount (DR) |- | Vermont
(1) | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Moses Robinson (DR) | Resigned October 15, 1796 | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | Isaac Tichenor (F) | Elected October 18, 1796 |- | Maryland
(1) | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | Richard Potts (F) | Resigned October 24, 1796 | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | John E. Howard (F) | Elected November 30, 1796 |- | South Carolina
(2) | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Pierce Butler (DR) | Resigned October 25, 1796 | style="background-color:#AACC99" | John Hunter (DR) | Elected December 8, 1796 |- | New Jersey
(2) | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | Frederick Frelinghuysen (F) | Resigned November 12, 1796 | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | Richard Stockton (F) | Elected November 12, 1796 |}

House of Representatives

There were 9 resignations, 1 death of a Representative-elect, and 1 new seat. There was a 1-seat gain for both the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans.

Main article: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives

Template:Ordinal US Congress Rep

|- | Pennsylvania 4 | Vacant | Election was contested and then the apparent winner, James Morris, died July 10, 1795.
The House then declared the seat won by the challenger. | style="background-color:#AACC99" | John Richards (DR) | Seated January 18, 1796

|- | Maryland 3 | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | Jeremiah Crabb (F) | Resigned sometime in 1796. | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | William Craik (F) | Seated December 5, 1796

|- | Rhode Island at-large | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | Benjamin Bourne (F) | Resigned sometime in 1796. | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | Elisha Potter (F) | Seated December 19, 1796

|- | Massachusetts 1 | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | Theodore Sedgwick (F) | Resigned sometime in June, 1796, having been elected U.S. Senator. | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Thomson Skinner (DR) | Seated January 27, 1797

|- | Maryland 2 | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Gabriel Duvall (DR) | Resigned March 28, 1796, having been elected judge of the Supreme Court of Maryland. | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Richard Sprigg, Jr. (DR) | Seated May 5, 1796

|- | North Carolina 4 | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Absalom Tatom (DR) | Resigned June 1, 1796. | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | William Strudwick (F) | Seated December 13, 1796

|- | Massachusetts 10 | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | Benjamin Goodhue (F) | Resigned sometime in June 1796, having been elected U.S. Senator. | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | Samuel Sewall (F) | Seated December 7, 1796

|- | Connecticut at-large | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | James Hillhouse (F) | Resigned July 1, 1796, having been elected U.S. Senator. | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | James Davenport (F) | Seated December 5, 1796

|- | Territory South of the River Ohio | James White | Served until June 1, 1796, when Tennessee was admitted to the Union. | colspan=2 | District eliminated

|- | Tennessee at-large | New seat | Tennessee was admitted to the Union June 1, 1796. Seat remained vacant until December 5, 1796. | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Andrew Jackson (DR) | Seated December 5, 1796

|- | Pennsylvania 5 | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Daniel Hiester (DR) | Resigned July 1, 1796. | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | George Ege (F) | Seated December 8, 1796

|- | Connecticut at-large | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | Uriah Tracy (F) | Resigned October 13, 1796, having been elected U.S. Senator. | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | Samuel Dana (F) | Seated January 3, 1797

|}

Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders.

Senate

House of Representatives

Joint committees

Officers

Senate

House of Representatives

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Anti-Administration
  2. ^ Pro-Administration
  3. ^ Anti-Administration
  4. ^ Pro-Administration

References

  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)

External links

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