Borders of India
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India shares international land borders with seven sovereign countries.
Land borders of India
| Land Border Country | Length (km) and (mi)[1] | Force | Comments | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| [[Afghanistan]] | 106 Kilometers | NA | Pakistan controlled Kashmir | |
 Bhutan |
699 kilometres (434 mi)[2] | Sashastra Seema Bal | Open border | |
 Myanmar |
1,643 kilometres (1,021 mi) | Assam Rifles and Indian Army | ||
 Nepal |
1,751 kilometres (1,088 mi)[3] | Sashastra Seema Bal | Open border | |
 Pakistan |
3,323 kilometres (2,065 mi) | Border Security Force | ||
 China |
3,488 kilometres (2,167 mi) | Indo-Tibetan Border Police and Special Frontier Force | ||
 Bangladesh |
4,096 kilometres (2,545 mi) | Border Security Force | India–Bangladesh enclaves exchanged |
At tim.[4]
Maritime borders of India
Maritime borders of India are the maritime boundary recognized by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea entails boundaries of territorial waters, contiguous zones, and exclusive economic zones. India, with its claim of a 12-nautical-mile (22 km; 14 mi) territorial maritime zone and 200-nautical-mile (370 km; 230 mi) exclusive economic zone, has a more than 7,000-kilometre (4,300 mi) maritime border shared with seven nations.
| Maritime Border Country | Length (km) and (mi)[1] | Force | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bangladesh |
Indian Navy | New Moore Island | |
 Indonesia |
Indian Navy | Indira Point | |
| Myanmar |
Indian Navy | Coco Islands | |
| Pakistan |
Indian Navy | Sir Creek | |
 Thailand |
Indian Navy | Similan Islands | |
 Sri Lanka |
>400 kilometres (250 mi)[5] | Indian Navy | Katchatheevu |
 Maldives |
Indian Navy | Maliku Kandu |
Designated crossings with ICP & LCS
The map of ICP and LCS.
Integrated Check Posts (ICP)
India has 7 functional ICPs, and plans are underway to upgrade 13 more LCS to ICP, including 7 at borders taking total of border ICP to 14, at the cost of ₹3,000 crore (US$360 million) (c. Oct 2017).[6][7] Designated Integrated Check Posts (ICP), with both customs and immigration facilities are:[8]
India–Bangladesh border
- Assam
- Karimganj-Golapganj uppozilla in Sylhet District, Bangladesh via Sutarkandi integrated checkpost crossing on NH37(India) and Sheola post (Sylhet division, Bangladesh), plan announced c. Oct 2017.[6]
- Meghalaya
- Mizoram
- Kawrpuichhuah / Kawarpuchiah / Kawripuichhuah near Tlabung in Lunglei district, opened in Oct 2017.[6][10][11]
- Tripura
- Agartala-Dhaka via Agartala integrated checkpost (India) and Akhaura checkpost crossing, already functional (c. 2017).[7]
- "Belonia, India - Parshuram, Bangladesh road and rail crossing checkposts" in South Tripura district which connect the railway from Santirbazar in India to Feni in Bangladesh.
- West Bengal (clockwise from Kolkatta to north)
- Kolkata–Dhaka via Petrapole integrated checkpost crossing, already functional (c. 2017).[7]
- Barasat (India) to Ghojadanga (Bangladesh), plan announced c. Oct 2017.[6][12]
- Mahadipur in Malda district in Malda-Rajshahi via Mahadipur crossing, in-principal approval in 2019.[12][6]
- Fulbari, plan announced c. Oct 2017.[6]
- Hili, plan announced c. Oct 2017.[6]
- Changrabandha railway station, in-principal approval in 2019.[12]
India-Bhutan border
- Jaigaon at Alipurduar district of West Bengal, plan approved c. 2016.[13]
India–Myanmar border
- Moreh ICP, already operational.[14]
- Zochawchhuah (Lawngtlai district in India) - Zorinpui (Myanmar) at Indo-Myanmar border on Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project has already been operational since Oct 2017.[14][11] The 22 km long Lunglei–Tlabung–Kawrpuichhuah road was upgraded in 2014-15 in a World Bank-funded project to enhance India-Bangladesh border connectivity.[15] Survey for the Rail line from Sairang to Hmawngbuchhuah (1 km north of Zochawchhuah) was completed in August 2017 and it will be constructed in future phase.[16]
India-Nepal border
- Banbasa in Champawat district of Uttrakhand, in-principle approval in 2019.[12]
- Bhitamore/Bhittamore in Sitamarhi district of Bihar, in-principle approval in 2019.[12]
- Jogbani, Bihar[13]
- Panitanki, Darjeeling district of West Bengal,[13] in-principal approval in 2019.[12]
- Raxaul, Bihar[13]
- Sonauli, Uttar Pradesh[citation needed]
- Rupaidiha, Uttar Pradesh[13]
- Taulihawa-Siddharthnagar, Uttar Pradesh[13]
India–Pakistan border
- Attari at Wagah in Punjab, already operational (2017) (see Samjhauta Express).
- Munabao in Barmer district in Rajasthan (see Thar Express)
Land Customs Stations (LCS)
India–Bangladesh border
Designated Land Customs Stations (LCS) are (no immigration facilities):[17]
- Assam
- Mankachar Land Customs Stations (India) - Rowmari post (Natun Bandar, Rongpur division, Bangladesh)
- Karimganj Steamer and Ferry Station (KSFS) (India) - Zakiganj post (Sylhet division, Bangladesh)
- Guwahati Steamer Ghat (Dhubri district, India) -
- Dhubri Steamer Ghat (Dhubri district, India) - Rowmati (Maymansingh division, Bangladesh)
- Assam non-functional LCS are:
- Mahisasan railway station (Karimganj district, India) - Shahbazpur (Sylhet division)
- Golokganj (Dhubri district) - Sonahaat (Rongpur Division)
- Silchar Railway Mail Service (India) - independent of border (no border, inland LCS)
- West Bengal
- Meghalaya
- Baghmara (South Garo Hills, India) - Bijoyour post (Bangladesh)
- Bholaganj (East Khasi Hills district) - Chatak (Sunamganj division)
- Borsara Land Customs Stations (West Khasi Hills, India) - Borsara post (Bangladesh)
- West Garo Hills - Bakshiganj via Mahendraganj crossing on NH12
- Tura-Nalitabari via Dalu crossing on NH217 (West Garo Hills, India) and Nakugaon post (Bangladesh)
- Shellabazar (West Khasi Hills district) - Sunamganj(Sylhet division)
- Gasuapara (South Garo Hills district)- Karoitol (Mymansing division)
- Meghalaya non-functional LCS are:
- Tripura
- Srimantapur (Sipahijala district) - Bibir Bazar (Comilla division), became operational in January 2016.[18]
- Dhalaighat (Dhalai district) - Kumarghat (Sunamganj division)
- Khowaighat (West Tripura district) - Balla (Habiganj division)
- Manu (Dhalai district) - Chatlapur (Sylhet division )
- Muhurighat (South Tripura district) - Belonia (Feni division )
- Old Ragnabazar (North Tripura district) - Betul (Fultali) (Sylhet division)
- Mizoram
India–Pakistan border
- Longewala in Jaisalmer district of Rajsthan
Border bazaars and haats
This proposed list of border bazaars and haats is in varying stages of implementation, as suggested by State Governments to the Ministry of External Affairs for setting up Border Haats.[20]
India–Myanmar border
As of April 2012, India and Myanmar have approved two locations – Pangsau Pass, Arunachal Pradesh and Somrai in Ukhrul District. These are likely to be finalised soon during a forthcoming visit of Hon’ble Prime Minister to Myanmar.[20]
- Arunachal Pradesh Border Haats
- Pangsau Pass (Nampong), Changlang - Pangsau, Kachin Province
- Chingsa (Khimiyang Circle), Changlang - Langhong, Kachin Province
- Makantong (Khimiyang Circle), Changlang - Ngaimong, Kachin Province
- Wakka/Pongchao/Lazu - Tirap, Kachin Province
- Manipur Border Haats
- Kongkan Thana, Ukhrul - Aungci Suggested by State Government
- New Somtal, Chandel - Thenjen, or Khampat
- Behiang, Churachandpur - Khenman, or Chikha
- Mizoram Border Haats
- Hruitezawl, Lawngtlai - Varang
- Hnahlan, Champhai - Darkhai
- Vaphai, Champhai - Leilet
- Chakhang, Saiha - Nviaphia
- Nagaland Border Haats
- Avakhung, Phek - Layshi are 32 km from each other
- Pangsha, Tuensang - Lahe/Hkamti District HQ are 60 km from each other
- Chemoho/Longwa, Mon - Lahe are 60 km from each other
- Molhe, Phek - Pansat are 10 km from each other
India–Bangladesh border
- Meghalaya
- Kalaichar, West Garo Hills
- Balat, West Khasi Hills
- Mizoram
- Marpara, Mamit - Longkor
- Sillsury, Lunglei - Mahmuam
- Tuipuibari, Mamit - Not provided
- Nunsuri, Lunglei - Not provided
- Tripura: Decision on Tripura Haats will be subsequent to the completion of agreement w.r.t. Meghalaya Haats.
- Kamalasagar, West Tripura
- Boxanagar
- Bamutia
- Srinagar, South Tripura
- Ekimpur
- Pal Basti (Raghna), North Tripura
- Hiracherra (Kailasahar)
- Kamalpur, Dhalai
- Meghalaya
See also
References
- ^ a b eJyoti Discovering facts, Information website
- ^ SSB to strengthen presence on India-Bhutan border, Times of India, 20 Dec 2017.
- ^ https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/ssb-to-strengthen-presence-on-india-bhutan-border/articleshow/62181663.cms
- ^ https://mha.gov.in/division_of_mha/border-management-i-division
- ^ India-Sri Lanka fishing rights dispute
- ^ a b c d e f g [1], Indian Express, Oct 2017.
- ^ a b c 7 border ICP and total 13 ICP coming up
- ^ ICP of India
- ^ Dawki ICP foundation stone laid.
- ^ India opens two border crossing points with Myanmar, Bangladesh, Business Line.
- ^ a b 12th Five Year Plan
- ^ a b c d e f Delhi approves Sutarkandi integrated check post along Indo-Bangla border, North East News, 7 Jan 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f Indo-Nepal and Indo-Bhutan border to have more ICP, Oct 2016.
- ^ a b India opens two border crossing points with Myanmar, Bangladesh, Times of India, 1 Oct 2o17.
- ^ $107 Million World Bank Project to Connect Mizoram with Bangladesh and Myanmar via Roads, World Bank.
- ^ India's north east opened up, PowerUpConstruction.Com
- ^ ICP and LCS
- ^ Srimantapur LCS opens
- ^ India opens two border crossing points with Myanmar, Bangladesh
- ^ a b Border haats of India
Further reading
- Orton, Anna (2010). India's Borderland Disputes: China, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal. Epitome Books. ISBN 9789380297156.
External links
- MDoNER Northeast India and SAARC Trade Assessment report
- List of countries that have ratified Law of the Sea Conventions
