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Prime Minister of Croatia

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President of the Government of Croatia
Predsjednik / Predsjednica Vlade Hrvatske
Incumbent
Andrej Plenković
since 19 October 2016
StyleHis Excellency[1]
AppointerKolinda Grabar-Kitarović
President of the Republic
Term lengthAt the pleasure of the parliamentary majority. Parliamentary elections must be held no later than 60 days after the expiration of a full parliamentary term of 4 years, but an incumbent Prime Minister shall remain in office in a caretaker capacity until a new government is confirmed in Parliament and sworn in by its Speaker.
Inaugural holderStjepan Mesić (de facto after first multi-party election)
Josip Manolić (de jure under current Constitution)
Formation30 May 1990 (de facto after first multi-party election)
22 December 1990 (de jure under current Constitution)
Websitewww.vlada.hr
Politics of Croatia
Coat of arms
Constitution
Executive
Legislative
Judiciary
Political parties in Sabor
Elections and referendums
Recent elections

Recent referendums

Administrative divisions
Foreign relations

The Prime Minister of Croatia (Croatian: Premijer/ Premijerka Hrvatske), officially the President of the Government of the Republic of Croatia (Croatian: Predsjednik/ Predsjednica Vlade Republike Hrvatske), is Croatia's head of government, and is de facto the most powerful and influential state officeholder in the Croatian system of government. Following the first-time establishment of the office in 1945, the 1990-2001 semi-presidential period is the only exception where the President of Croatia held de facto authority. In the formal Croatian order of precedence, however, the position of prime minister is the third highest state office, after the President of the Republic and the Speaker of the Parliament.

The Constitution of Croatia prescribes that "Parliament supervises the Government" (Article 81) and that "the President of the Republic ensures the regular and balanced functioning and stability of government" (as a whole; Article 94), while the Government is introduced in Article 108.[2] Since 2000, the prime minister has had various added constitutional powers and is mentioned before the Government itself in the text of the Constitution, in Articles 87, 97, 99, 100, 101, 103, 104.[2] The current Prime Minister of Croatia is Andrej Plenković. The Government of Croatia meets in Banski dvori, a historical building located on the west side of St. Mark's Square in Zagreb.

Name

The official name of the office, literally translated, is "President of the Government" (Predsjednik Vlade), rather than "Prime Minister" (Prvi Ministar). When the office was first established in 1945, the name "President of the Government" was introduced. The name of the office was changed 8 years later with the Yugoslav constitutional reforms of 1953, into "President of the Executive Council" (Predsjednik Izvršnog vijeća). After another round of constitutional reforms in 1990, the office was renamed back to its original 1945-1953 title of "President of the Government". For all periods, however, the term "Prime Minister" is colloquially used (especially in the media) in English-language usage.

History

See also: Secretary of the League of Communists of Croatia

The Royal Government of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia (1868-1918) was headed by Ban (Viceroy), who represented the King. The first head of government of Croatia as a constituent republic of Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia was Vladimir Bakarić, who assumed the position on 14 April 1945. The position was then, as it is today, the most powerful public office in the state (the only historical exception being the extremely powerful semi-presidential system used from 1990 until 2000, during which the President was by far the most significant figure in the government hierarchy). In post-World War II Socialist Republic of Croatia, a single-party system was in place. During this time there were twelve heads of government (using the title President of the Executive Council), all from the ranks of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (KPJ), which was reformed and renamed into the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (SKJ) in 1952. The federal party was organized into six sub-organizations - the republic parties, one for each of the six federal republics. Croatian politicians and prime ministers of the period were members of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia through their membership in the League of Communists of Croatia (SKH), the Croatian part of the federal party (as was respectively the case with all Yugoslav politicians). The office remained the central post of Croatian politics in spite of the institution of a collective Presidency in 1974 (previously the mostly-nominal function of the head of state belonged to the Speaker of the Croatian Parliament, the Sabor).

After the constitutional amendments that allowed for multi-party elections in Croatia, the Parliament enacted amendments to the constitution (25 July) which eliminated socialist references and adopted new national symbols. The newly elected tricameral Parliament proceeded to change the Constitution of Croatia, and on 22 December 1990, this so-called "Christmas Constitution" fundamentally defined the Republic of Croatia and its governmental structure. From the 1990 constitutional reforms onward Croatia was a semi-presidential republic, which meant the President of Croatia had broad executive powers (further expanded with laws to a point of superpresidentialism), including the appointment and dismissal of the Prime Minister and other officials in the government. During this period, lasting until constitutional amendments in late 2000, Croatia had seven prime ministers. The first Prime Minister of Croatia since the 1990 constitutional reforms was Stjepan Mesić, assuming office on 30 May 1990.[3][4]

Following the May 1991 independence referendum in which 93% of voters approved secession, Croatia formally proclaimed independence from Yugoslavia on 25 June 1991, with Josip Manolić continuing in the role of prime minister as head of government of an independent Croatia. However, the country then signed the July 1991 Brijuni Agreement in which it agreed to postpone further activities towards severing ties with Yugoslavia. Meanwhile, the Croatian War of Independence ensued, and Franjo Gregurić was appointed to lead a Government of National Unity. In October the same year, Croatia formally severed all remaining legal ties with the Yugoslav Federation.

Following the January 2000 general election the winning centre-left coalition led by the Social Democratic Party amended the Constitution and effectively stripped the President of most of his executive powers, strengthening the role of the Parliament and the Prime Minister, turning Croatia into a parliamentary republic. The Prime Minister again (as before 1990) became the foremost post in Croatian politics.

To date there have been twelve Prime Ministers who have chaired 14 governments since the first multi-party elections. Nine Prime Ministers were members of the Croatian Democratic Union during their terms of office, two were members of the Social Democratic Party and one was not a member of any political party. Since independence there has been one female Prime Minister (Jadranka Kosor), while Savka Dabčević-Kučar was the first woman (not only in Croatia, but in Europe) to hold an office equivalent to a head of government as Chairman of the Executive Council of the Socialist Republic of Croatia (1967-1969).

Prime Ministers of Croatia

Prime Ministers of the Socialist Republic of Croatia within SFR Yugoslavia (1945–1990)

No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Election Term of office Party Cabinet General
Secretary
(Term)
Term start Term end Duration
rowspan="2" style="background:Template:League of Communists of Croatia/meta/color;| 1 Vladimir Bakarić
(1912–1983) 		— 14 April 1945 18 December 1953 8 years, 8 months and 4 days KPH
Communist Party of Croatia
(before 1952) 		Bakarić Vladimir
Bakarić

(1944–1969)
SKH
League of Communists of Croatia
(since 1952) 		1st Executive
Council
rowspan="2" style="background:Template:League of Communists of Croatia/meta/color; |2 Jakov Blažević
(1912–1996) 		— 18 December 1953 10 July 1962 8 years, 6 months and 22 days SKH
League of Communists of Croatia 		2nd Executive
Council
3rd Executive
Council
style="background:Template:League of Communists of Croatia/meta/color; |3 Zvonko Brkić
(1912–1977) 		— 10 July 1962 27 June 1963 11 months and 17 days SKH
League of Communists of Croatia 		4th Executive
Council
style="background:Template:League of Communists of Croatia/meta/color; |4 Mika Špiljak
(1916–2007) 		— 27 June 1963 11 May 1967 3 years, 10 months and 14 days SKH
League of Communists of Croatia 		5th Executive
Council
style="background:Template:League of Communists of Croatia/meta/color; |5 Savka Dabčević-Kučar
(1923–2009) 		— 11 May 1967 8 May 1969 1 year, 11 months and 14 day SKH
League of Communists of Croatia 		6th Executive
Council
style="background:Template:League of Communists of Croatia/meta/color; |6 Dragutin Haramija
(1923–2012) 		— 8 May 1969 28 December 1971 2 years, 7 months and 20 days SKH
League of Communists of Croatia 		7th Executive
Council 		Savka
Dabčević
Kučar

(1969–1971)
style="background:Template:League of Communists of Croatia/meta/color; |7 File:Ivo Perisin.jpg Ivo Perišin
(1925–2008) 		— 28 December 1971 8 May 1974 2 years, 4 months and 10 days SKH
League of Communists of Croatia 		8th Executive
Council 		Milka
Planinc

(1971–1982)
style="background:Template:League of Communists of Croatia/meta/color; |8 Jakov Sirotković
(1922–2002) 		— 8 May 1974 9 May 1978 4 years and 1 day SKH
League of Communists of Croatia 		9th Executive
Council
style="background:Template:League of Communists of Croatia/meta/color; |9 Petar Fleković
(1932–) 		— 9 May 1978 July 1982 4 years and 1 or 2 months SKH
League of Communists of Croatia 		10th Executive
Council
rowspan="3" style="background:Template:League of Communists of Croatia/meta/color; |10 Ante Marković
(1924–2011) 		— July 1982 20 November 1985 3 years and 3 or 4 months SKH
League of Communists of Croatia 		11th Executive
Council 		Jure Bilić

(1982–1983)
Josip Vrhovec

(1983–1984)
Mika Špiljak

(1984–1986)
style="background:Template:League of Communists of Croatia/meta/color;" |11 Ema Derossi-Bjelajac
(1926–) 		— 20 November 1985 10 May 1986 5 months and 20 days SKH
League of Communists of Croatia 		12th Executive
Council
rowspan="2" style="background:Template:League of Communists of Croatia/meta/color;" |12 Antun Milović
(1934–2008) 		— 10 May 1986 30 May 1990 4 years and 20 days SKH
League of Communists of Croatia
(before January 1990) 		13th Executive
Council 		Stanko
Stojčević

(1986–1989)
SDP
Social Democratic Party
(since January 1990) 		Ivica Račan

(1989–1990)

Prime Ministers of the Republic of Croatia (1990–present)

Still a part of SFR Yugoslavia until 25 June 1991.

No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Election Term of office Party Cabinet Composition President
(Term)
Term start Term end Duration
style="background:Template:Croatian Democratic Union/meta/color;" |1 Stjepan Mesić
(1934–) 		1990 30 May 1990[1] 24 August 1990 2 months and 25 days HDZ
Croatian Democratic Union 		14th Executive
Council
(informally Mesić) 		HDZ Franjo
Tuđman

(1990–1999)
rowspan="2" style="background:Template:Croatian Democratic Union/meta/color;" |2 Josip Manolić
(1920–) 		— 24 August 1990[2] 25 June 1991 10 months and 23 days HDZ
Croatian Democratic Union 		Manolić HDZ
17 July 1991 17 July 1991
style="background:Template:Croatian Democratic Union/meta/color;" |3 Franjo Gregurić
(1939–) 		— 17 July 1991[3] 12 August 1992 1 year and 26 days HDZ
Croatian Democratic Union 		Gregurić HDZ • SDP • HSLS • HSLS
 • HNS • HKDU • HDS • SSH
style="background:Template:Croatian Democratic Union/meta/color;" |4 Hrvoje Šarinić
(1935–2017) 		1992 12 August 1992[4] 3 April 1993 7 months and 22 days HDZ
Croatian Democratic Union 		Šarinić HDZ
style="background:Template:Croatian Democratic Union/meta/color;" |5 Nikica Valentić
(1950–) 		— 3 April 1993[5] 7 November 1995 2 years, 7 months and 4 days HDZ
Croatian Democratic Union 		Valentić HDZ
rowspan="2" style="background:Template:Croatian Democratic Union/meta/color;" |6 Zlatko Mateša
(1949–) 		1995 7 November 1995[6] 27 January 2000 4 years, 2 months and 20 days HDZ
Croatian Democratic Union 		Mateša HDZ
Stjepan
Mesić

(2000–2010)
rowspan="2" style="background:Template:Social Democratic Party of Croatia/meta/color;" |7 Ivica Račan
(1944–2007) 		2000 27 January 2000[7] 23 December 2003 3 years, 10 months and 26 days SDP
Social Democratic Party 		Račan I SDP • HSLS • HNS • HSS
Račan II SDP • HSLS • HNS
rowspan="2" style="background:Template:Croatian Democratic Union/meta/color;" |8 Ivo Sanader
(1953–) 		2003 23 December 2003 6 July 2009 5 years, 6 months and 13 days HDZ
Croatian Democratic Union 		Sanader I HDZ • DC
2007 Sanader II HDZ
rowspan="2" style="background:Template:Croatian Democratic Union/meta/color;" |9 Jadranka Kosor
(1953–) 		— 6 July 2009 23 December 2011 2 years, 5 months and 17 days HDZ
Croatian Democratic Union 		Kosor HDZ • HSLS[8] • HSS • SDSS
Ivo
Josipović

(2010–2015)
rowspan="2" style="background:Template:Social Democratic Party of Croatia/meta/color;" |10 Zoran Milanović
(1966–) 		2011 23 December 2011 22 January 2016 4 years and 30 days SDP
Social Democratic Party 		Milanović SDP • HNS • IDS
Kolinda
Grabar
Kitarović

(2015–present)
style="background:Template:Independent (politician)/meta/color; |11 Tihomir Orešković
(1966–) 		2015 22 January 2016 19 October 2016 8 months and 27 days Independent Orešković HDZ • MOST
rowspan="3" style="background:Template:Croatian Democratic Union/meta/color;|12 Andrej Plenković
(1970–) 		2016 19 October 2016 Incumbent 7 years, 8 months and 22 days HDZ
Croatian Democratic Union 		Plenković Before 28 April 2017:
HDZ • MOST
From 28 April to 9 June 2017:
HDZ
Since 9 June 2017:
HDZ • HNS

Notes

  Denotes pre-independence Prime Ministers
1.^ From 1990 until the constitutional changes enacted in 2000, which replaced a powerful semi-presidential system (de facto a superpresidential system) with an incomplete parliamentary system, the term of the Prime Minister legally began on the date on which he was appointed by the President of the Republic and not on the date when he received a vote of confidence in Parliament, as is the case since 2000.
2.^ Until 12 October 2010.

Statistics

See also: List of Croatian Prime Ministers by time in office and List of Prime Ministers of Croatia by longevity
# Prime Minister Age at ascension
(first term) 		Time in office
(total) 		Age at retirement
(last term)
1 Mesić, StjepanStjepan Mesić 55 15755 years, 157 days 00 0860 years, 86 days 55 24355 years, 243 days
2 Manolić, JosipJosip Manolić 70 15570 years, 155 days 00 3270 years, 327 days 71 11771 years, 117 days
3 Gregurić, FranjoFranjo Gregurić 51 27851 years, 278 days 01 0261 year, 26 days 52 30552 years, 305 days
4 Szarinić, HrvojeHrvoje Šarinić 57 17757 years, 177 days 00 2340 years, 234 days 58 04558 years, 45 days
5 Valentić, NikicaNikica Valentić 42 13042 years, 130 days 02 2182 years, 218 days 44 34844 years, 348 days
6 Matesza, ZlatkoZlatko Mateša 46 14346 years, 143 days 04 0814 years, 81 days 50 22450 years, 224 days
7 Raczan, IvicaIvica Račan 55 33755 years, 337 days 03 3303 years, 330 days 59 30259 years, 302 days
8 Sanader, IvoIvo Sanader 50 19850 years, 198 days 05 1955 years, 195 days 56 02856 years, 28 days
9 Kosor, JadrankaJadranka Kosor 56 00556 years, 5 days 02 1702 years, 170 days 58 17558 years, 175 days
10 Milanović, ZoranZoran Milanović 45 05445 years, 54 days 04 0304 years, 30 days 49 08449 years, 84 days
11 Orešković, TihomirTihomir Orešković 50 02150 years, 21 days 00 2710 years, 271 days 50 29350 years, 292 days
12 Plenković, AndrejAndrej Plenković 46 years, 195 days 7 years, 266 days (Ongoing) Incumbent

Spouses of Prime Ministers

See also: Spouses of Croatian Presidents and Prime Ministers
Name Relation to Prime Minister
Milka Mesić (née Dudunić) wife of Prime Minister Stjepan Mesić
Marija Eker Manolić wife of Prime Minister Josip Manolić
Jozefina Gregurić (née Abramović) wife of Prime Minister Franjo Gregurić
Erika Šarinić wife of Prime Minister Hrvoje Šarinić
Antonela Valentić wife of Prime Minister Nikica Valentić
Sanja Gregurić-Mateša wife of Prime Minister Zlatko Mateša
Dijana Pleština wife of Prime Minister Ivica Račan
Mirjana Sanader (née Šarić) wife of Prime Minister Ivo Sanader
Jadranka Kosor divorced before becoming Prime Minister
Sanja Musić Milanović wife of Prime Minister Zoran Milanović
Sanja Dujmović Orešković wife of Prime Minister Tihomir Orešković
Ana Maslać Plenković wife of Prime Minister Andrej Plenković

Living former Heads of government of Croatia

There are eleven living former Heads of government (3 former Presidents of the Executive Council of SR Croatia and 8 former Prime Ministers of Croatia). The last former head of government to die was Hrvoje Šarinić (1992–1993) on 21 July 2017.

Presidents of the Executive Council of the Socialist Republic of Croatia (until 1990):

Prime Ministers of the Republic of Croatia (1990–present):

Facts and records of Croatian Prime Ministers (since 30 May 1990)

Age at appointment

Age at retirement

Oldest and youngest living prime ministers

Longest and shortest lived prime ministers

Longest and shortest retirements

  • Living prime minister with the longest period lived after leaving office: Stjepan Mesić (33 years, 322 days)
  • Living prime minister with the shortest period lived after leaving office: Tihomir Orešković (7 years, 266 days)
  • Deceased prime minister with the longest period lived after leaving office: Hrvoje Šarinić (24 years, 109 days)
  • Deceased prime minister with the shortest period lived after leaving office: Ivica Račan (3 years, 127 days)

Age difference between incoming and outgoing officeholders

  • Largest age difference between an incoming and outgoing prime minister: Franjo Gregurić (born 12 October 1939) was 19 years, 204 days younger than Josip Manolić (born 22 March 1920) whom he succeeded in 1991.
  • Smallest age difference between an incoming and outgoing prime minister: Jadranka Kosor (born 1 July 1953) was 23 days younger than Ivo Sanader (born 8 June 1953) whom she succeeded in 2009.

Length of service

Terms of office and number of cabinets

Size of cabinet

  • Prime minister of cabinet with largest number of members during its duration (including removed or deceased members): Franjo Gregurić (45 members including the Government secretary)
  • Prime Minister of cabinet with smallest number of members during its duration (including removed or deceased members): Ivo Sanader (19 members in First Sanader cabinet)
  • Prime Minister of cabinet with largest number of members on date of formation: Josip Manolić (27 members named on 17 July 1990)
  • Prime Minister of cabinet with smallest number of members on date of formation: Stjepan Mesić (5 members named on 30 May 1990. Another 15 named on 31 May 1990)
  • Prime Minister of cabinet with largest number of members on date of dissolution (excluding removed or deceased members): Franjo Gregurić (30 members on 12 August 1992)
  • Prime Minister of cabinet with smallest number of members on date of dissolution (excluding removed or deceased members): Ivo Sanader (14 members on 12 January 2008 upon dissolution of First Sanader Cabinet)

Number of political parties in cabinet

  • Prime Ministers of cabinets with largest number of political parties represented in them during their total duration (including removed or deceased members on date of dissolution): Franjo Gregurić (8 parties had representation in his cabinet during some part of its time in office)
  • Prime Ministers of cabinets with the smallest number of political parties represented in them during their total duration (including removed or deceased members): Stjepan Mesić, Josip Manolić, Hrvoje Šarinić and Zlatko Mateša (each prime minister had only 1 party (the HDZ) represented in their cabinet)
  • Prime Minister of cabinet with the largest number of parties represented in it on the date of its formation: Ivica Račan (5 parties had representation in his First cabinet on 27 January 2000)
  • Prime ministers of cabinets with the smallest number of parties represented in them on the date of their formation: Stjepan Mesić, Josip Manolić, Hrvoje Šarinić and Zlatko Mateša (each prime minister had only 1 party (the HDZ) represented in their cabinet on the date it was formed)
  • Prime Minister of the cabinet with the largest number of political parties represented in it on the date of its dissolution: Ivica Račan (5 parties were represented in his Second cabinet on 23 December 2003)
  • Prime Ministers of cabinets with the smallest number of political parties represented in them on the date of their dissolution: Stjepan Mesić, Josip Manolić, Franjo Gregurić, Hrvoje Šarinić, Nikica Valentić, Zlatko Mateša and Ivo Sanader (First cabinet) (each prime minister had only 1 party (the HDZ) represented in their cabinet on the date it was dissolved)

Female prime ministers

Other national and international offices held after retirement

Foreign-born prime ministers

Prime Ministers born in predecessor states of modern Croatia (before 1991)

Period lived before Croatian independence was declared (25 June 1991)

  • Oldest (future or previous) prime minister on date of Croatia's declaration of independence: Josip Manolić (71 years, 95 days)
  • Youngest (future or previous) prime minister on date of Croatia's declaration of independence: Andrej Plenković (21 years, 78 days)

Service under the most heads of state

See also

References

  1. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-11-16. Retrieved 2012-11-16. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link), Protocol and Liaison Service, United Nations.
  2. ^ a b "The Constitution of the Republic of Croatia (consolidated text)". Croatian Parliament. Retrieved 2011-02-16.
  3. ^ "Chronology of Croatian governments" (in Croatian). Croatian Information-Documentation Referral Agency. Retrieved 2011-05-13.
  4. ^ "Prethodne Vlade RH" [Former Governments of the Republic of Croatia] (in Croatian). Croatian Government. Archived from the original on 2011-11-23. Retrieved 2010-12-13. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
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