List of women astronauts
The following is a list of women who have traveled into space, sorted by date of first flight. This list includes Russian cosmonauts, who were the first women in outer space. Valentina Tereshkova became the first woman to go to space in 1963, very early in crewed space exploration, and it would be almost twenty years before another flew (Svetlana Savitskaya).
By the end of the 1980s, women in space had become more common. By 2019, roughly 12% of all the space travelers were women. As of October 2024[update], 99 women had completed spaceflights.
History
[edit]As of May 2023[update], of the 634 total space travelers (FAI),[1] 73 have been women. There have been one each from France, Italy, South Korea, Saudi Arabia, and the United Kingdom; two each from Canada and Japan; three from China; six from the Soviet Union/Russia; and 56 from the United States.[2] The time between the first male and first female astronauts varied widely by country. The first astronauts originally from Britain, South Korea, and Iran were women, while there was a two-year gap in Russia from the first man in space on Vostok 1 to the first woman in space on Vostok 6. The time between the first American man and first American woman in space was 22 years between Freedom 7 and STS-7, respectively. For China, this interval was almost eight and a half years between the Shenzhou 5 and Shenzhou 9 space missions,[3] and for Italy, there was approximately twelve years between the STS-46 and Expedition 42 spaceflights.
A span of 19 years separated the first two women in space. They were cosmonauts on the Vostok 6 and Soyuz T-7 missions. Though the Soviet Union sent the first two women into space, only six of the women in space have been Russian or Soviet citizens. However, British, French, Italian, dual-citizen Iranian-American and South Korean women have all flown as part of the Soviet and Russian space programs. Similarly, women from Canada, Japan, and America have all flown under the US space program. A span of one year separated the first and second American women in space,[4] as well as the first and second Chinese women in space, taking place on consecutive missions, Shenzhou 9 and Shenzhou 10.[5]
Spacefarers with current and completed spaceflights
[edit]# | Image | Name Birth date |
Country | Comment | Missions (launch date) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Valentina Tereshkova Mar. 6, 1937 |
Soviet Union | First woman in space. Only woman to make a solo spaceflight. |
Vostok 6 (Jun. 16, 1963)[6] | |
2 | Svetlana Savitskaya Aug. 8, 1948 |
Soviet Union | First woman to fly on a space station (Salyut 7, 1982). First woman to perform a spacewalk (Jul. 25, 1984). First woman to make two spaceflights. |
Soyuz T-5 (Jul. 19, 1982) Soyuz T-12 (Jul. 17, 1984) | |
3 | Sally Ride May 26, 1951 died Jul. 23, 2012 |
United States | First American woman in space. | STS-7 (Jun. 18, 1983) STS-41-G (Oct. 5, 1984) | |
4 | Judith Resnik Apr. 5, 1949 died Jan. 28, 1986 |
United States | Fourth woman in space, second American woman in space. First Jewish woman in space. Died in the Challenger disaster. | STS-41-D (Aug. 30, 1984) STS-51-L (Jan. 28, 1986) | |
5 | Kathryn D. Sullivan Oct. 3, 1951 |
United States | Second woman to perform a spacewalk. (Oct. 11, 1984) | STS-41-G (Oct. 5, 1984) STS-31 (Apr. 24, 1990) STS-45 (Mar. 24, 1992) | |
6 | Anna Lee Fisher Aug. 24, 1949 |
United States | First mother in space.[7] | STS-51-A (Nov. 8, 1984) | |
7 | Margaret Rhea Seddon Nov. 8, 1947 |
United States | STS-51-D (Apr. 12, 1985) STS-40 (Jun. 5, 1991) STS-58 (Oct. 18, 1993) | ||
8 | Shannon Lucid Jan. 14, 1943 |
United States | First American woman to fly on a space station (Mir, 1996). First Chinese-born woman in space. First woman to make a third, a fourth and a fifth spaceflight. |
STS-51-G (Jun. 17, 1985) STS-34 (Oct. 18, 1989) STS-43 (Aug. 2, 1991) STS-58 (Oct. 18, 1993) STS-76/79 (Mar. 22, 1996) | |
9 | Bonnie J. Dunbar Mar. 3, 1949 |
United States | STS-61-A (Oct. 30, 1985) STS-32 (Jan. 9, 1990) STS-50 (Jun. 25, 1992) STS-71 (Jun. 27, 1995) STS-89 (Jan. 22, 1998) | ||
10 | Mary L. Cleave Feb. 5, 1947 died Nov. 27 2023 |
United States | STS-61-B (Nov. 26, 1985) STS-30 (May 4, 1989) | ||
11 | Ellen S. Baker Apr. 27, 1953 |
United States | STS-34 (Oct. 18, 1989) STS-50 (Jun. 25, 1992) STS-71 (Jun. 27, 1995) | ||
12 | Kathryn C. Thornton Aug. 17, 1952 |
United States | Third woman to walk in space. First woman to make multiple EVAs (May 14–15, 1992, Dec. 6, 1993, Dec. 8, 1993) |
STS-33 (Nov. 22, 1989) STS-49 (May 7, 1992) STS-61 (Dec. 2, 1993) STS-73 (Oct. 20, 1995) | |
13 | Marsha Ivins Apr. 15, 1951 |
United States | STS-32 (Jan. 9, 1990) STS-46 (Jul. 31, 1992) STS-62 (Mar. 4, 1994) STS-81 (Jan. 12, 1997) STS-98 (Feb. 7, 2001) | ||
14 | Linda M. Godwin Jul. 2, 1952 |
United States | Fourth woman to walk in space (March 27, 1996, Dec. 10, 2001) | STS-37 (Apr. 5, 1991) STS-59 (Apr. 9, 1994) STS-76 (Mar. 22, 1996) STS-108 (Dec. 5, 2001) | |
15 | Helen Sharman May 30, 1963 |
United Kingdom | First British citizen in space. Second woman to fly on a space station (Mir, 1991). |
Soyuz TM-12/TM-11 (May 18, 1991) | |
16 | Tamara E. Jernigan May 7, 1959 |
United States | Fifth woman to walk in space (May 30, 1999) | STS-40 (Jun. 5, 1991) STS-52 (Oct. 22, 1992) STS-67 (Mar. 2, 1995) STS-80 (Nov. 19, 1996) STS-96 (May 27, 1999) | |
17 | Millie Hughes-Fulford Dec. 21, 1945 died Feb. 2, 2021 |
United States | First female payload specialist. | STS-40 (Jun. 5, 1991) | |
18 | Roberta Bondar Dec. 4, 1945 |
Canada | First Canadian woman in space. First Ukrainian Canadian woman in space. |
STS-42 (Jan. 22, 1992) | |
19 | Nancy Jan Davis Nov. 1, 1953 |
United States | With husband Mark Lee, became the first married couple to launch into space together (STS-47) |
STS-47 (Sep. 12, 1992) STS-60 (Feb. 3, 1994) STS-85 (Aug. 7, 1997) | |
20 | Mae Jemison Oct. 17, 1956 |
United States | First African American woman in space | STS-47 (Sep. 12, 1992) | |
21 | Susan J. Helms Feb. 26, 1958 |
United States | The sixth woman to walk in space (March 11, 2001). The longest duration EVA by a woman (8h 56m).[8] |
STS-54 (Jan. 13, 1993) STS-64 (Sep. 9, 1994) STS-78 (Jun. 20, 1996) STS-101 (May 19, 2000) STS-102/105 (Mar. 8, 2001) | |
22 | Ellen Ochoa May 10, 1958 |
United States | First Hispanic woman in space. | STS-56 (Apr. 8, 1993) STS-66 (Nov. 3, 1994) STS-96 (May 27, 1999) STS-110 (Apr. 8, 2002) | |
23 | Janice E. Voss Oct. 8, 1956 died Feb. 6, 2012 |
United States | STS-57 (Jun. 21, 1993) STS-63 (Feb. 3, 1995) STS-83 (Apr. 4, 1997) STS-94 (Jul. 1, 1997) STS-99 (Feb. 11, 2000) | ||
24 | Nancy J. Currie Dec. 29, 1958 |
United States | STS-57 (Jun. 21, 1993) STS-70 (Jul. 13, 1995) STS-88 (Dec. 4, 1998) STS-109 (Mar. 1, 2002) | ||
25 | Chiaki Mukai May 6, 1952 |
Japan | First Japanese woman and first Asian woman in space. | STS-65 (Jul. 8, 1994) STS-95 (Oct. 29, 1998) | |
26 | Yelena V. Kondakova Mar. 30, 1957 |
Russia | First Russian woman to travel in two different spacecraft, Soyuz TM-20 and STS-84; both were on trips to Mir Space Station. First Russian woman to travel on the Space Shuttle. | Soyuz TM-20 (Oct. 3, 1994) STS-84 (May 15, 1997) | |
27 | Eileen Collins Nov. 19, 1956 |
United States | First female shuttle pilot and shuttle commander. | STS-63 (Feb. 3, 1995) STS-84 (May 15, 1997) STS-93 (Jul. 23, 1999) STS-114 (Jul. 26, 2005) | |
28 | Wendy B. Lawrence Jul. 2, 1959 |
United States | STS-67 (Mar. 2, 1995) STS-86 (Sep. 25, 1997) STS-91 (Jun. 2, 1998) STS-114 (Jul. 26, 2005) | ||
29 | Mary E. Weber Aug. 24, 1962 |
United States | STS-70 (Jul. 13, 1995) STS-101 (May 19, 2000) | ||
30 | Catherine Coleman Dec. 14, 1960 |
United States | STS-73 (Oct. 20, 1995) STS-93 (Jul. 23, 1999) Soyuz TMA-20 (Dec. 15, 2010) | ||
31 | Claudie Haigneré May 13, 1957 |
France | First Frenchwoman in space. 1996 flight as Claudie André-Deshays. | Soyuz TM-24/TM-23 (Aug. 17, 1996) Soyuz TM-33/32 (Oct. 21, 2001) | |
32 | Susan Still Kilrain Oct. 24, 1961 |
United States | Second female shuttle pilot. | STS-83 (Apr. 4, 1997) STS-94 (Jul. 1, 1997) | |
33 | Kalpana Chawla Jul. 1, 1961 died Feb. 1, 2003 |
United States | First Asian American (Indian origin, naturalized U.S. citizen) woman in space. First Hindu woman in space. Died in the Columbia disaster. | STS-87 (Nov. 19, 1997) STS-107 (Jan. 16, 2003) | |
34 | Kathryn P. Hire Aug. 26, 1959 |
United States | STS-90 (Apr. 17, 1998) STS-130 (Feb. 8, 2010) | ||
35 | Janet L. Kavandi Jul. 17, 1959 |
United States | STS-91 (Jun. 2, 1998) STS-99 (Feb. 11, 2000) STS-104 (Jul. 12, 2001) | ||
36 | Julie Payette Oct. 20, 1963 |
Canada | Second Canadian woman in space. First French Canadian woman in space. Later became Governor General of Canada. |
STS-96 (May 27, 1999) STS-127 (Jul. 15, 2009) | |
37 | Pamela Melroy Sep. 17, 1961 |
United States | Second female shuttle commander. Appointed Deputy Administrator of NASA Jun. 21, 2021. |
STS-92 (Oct. 11, 2000) STS-112 (Oct. 7, 2002) STS-120 (Oct. 23, 2007) | |
38 | Peggy Whitson Feb. 9, 1960 |
United States | Most time in space (cumulative) for a US astronaut (675 days) Seventh woman to walk in space (Aug. 16, 2002, Nov. 9, 2007, Nov. 20, 2007, Nov. 24, 2007, Dec. 18, 2007, Jan. 30, 2007, Jan. 6, 2017, Mar. 30, 2017, May 12, 2017, May 23, 2017). Most EVAs (10) and most time spent on EVA (60 hrs 21 min)[9] of all female space travelers. First female ISS commander (ISS Expedition 16). |
STS-111/113 (Jun. 5, 2002) Soyuz TMA-11 (Oct. 10, 2007) Soyuz MS-03/04 (Nov. 17, 2016) Axiom Mission 2 (May 21, 2023) | |
39 | Sandra Magnus Oct. 30, 1964 |
United States | STS-112 (Oct. 7, 2002) STS-126/119 (Nov. 14, 2008) STS-135 (Jul. 8, 2011) | ||
40 | Laurel B. Clark Mar. 10, 1961 died Feb. 1, 2003 |
United States | Died in the Columbia disaster. | STS-107 (Jan. 16, 2003) | |
41 | Stephanie Wilson Sep. 27, 1966 |
United States | STS-121 (Jul. 4, 2006) STS-120 (Oct. 23, 2007) STS-131 (Apr. 5, 2010) | ||
42 | Lisa Nowak May 10, 1963 |
United States | STS-121 (Jul. 4, 2006) | ||
43 | Heidemarie M. Stefanyshyn-Piper Feb. 7, 1963 |
United States | Eighth woman to walk in space (Sep. 12, 2006, Sep. 15, 2006, Nov. 18-19, 2008, Nov. 20-21, 2008, Nov. 22-23, 2008). First Ukrainian American woman in space. |
STS-115 (Sep. 9, 2006) STS-126 (Nov. 14, 2008) | |
44 | Anousheh Ansari Sep. 12, 1966 |
Iran / United States | Fourth space tourist and first female space tourist. First Iranian and first Muslim woman in space. |
Soyuz TMA-9/8 (Sep. 18, 2006) | |
45 | Sunita Williams Sep. 19, 1965[10] |
United States | Ninth woman to walk in space (Dec. 16, 2006, Jan. 31, 2007, Feb. 4, 2007, Feb. 8, 2007, Aug. 30, 2012, Sep. 5, 2012). First female astronaut to fly on a orbital spacecraft's maiden flight, i.e., Boeing Starliner.[10] | STS-116/117 (Dec. 9, 2006)[10] Soyuz TMA-05M (Jul. 15, 2012) Starliner Crewed Flight Test/SpaceX Crew-9 (Jun. 5, 2024) | |
46 | Joan Higginbotham Aug. 3, 1964 |
United States | STS-116 (Dec. 9, 2006) | ||
47 | Tracy Caldwell Dyson Aug. 14, 1969 |
United States | Eleventh woman to walk in space (Aug. 7, 2010, Aug. 11, 2010, Aug. 16, 2010). First astronaut born after Apollo 11 flight.[11] | STS-118 (Aug. 8, 2007) Soyuz TMA-18 (Apr. 2, 2010) Soyuz MS-25 (Mar. 23, 2024) | |
48 | Barbara Morgan Nov. 28, 1951 |
United States | First educator astronaut. Originally selected for the Teacher in Space Project. |
STS-118 (Aug. 8, 2007) | |
49 | Yi So-yeon Jun. 2, 1978 |
Republic of Korea | First Korean in space. | Soyuz TMA-12 (Apr. 8, 2008) | |
50 | Karen L. Nyberg Oct. 7, 1969 |
United States | STS-124 (May 31, 2008) Soyuz TMA-09M (May 28, 2013) | ||
51 | K. Megan McArthur Aug. 30, 1971 |
United States | STS-125 (May 11, 2009) SpaceX Crew-2 (Apr. 23, 2021) | ||
52 | Nicole P. Stott Nov. 11, 1962 |
United States | Tenth woman to walk in space (Sep. 1–2, 2009). | STS-128/129 (Aug. 28, 2009) STS-133 (Feb. 24, 2011) | |
53 | Dorothy Metcalf-Lindenburger May 15, 1975 |
United States | First Space Camp alumna to become an astronaut | STS-131 (Apr. 5, 2010) | |
54 | Naoko Yamazaki Dec. 27, 1970 |
Japan | STS-131 (Apr. 5, 2010) | ||
55 | Shannon Walker Jun. 4, 1965 |
United States | First Native Houstonian to go aboard the International Space Station. She returned to space for her second long duration mission on 15 November 2020, onboard SpaceX Crew-1, the first operational flight of SpaceX's Crew Dragon spacecraft. | Soyuz TMA-19 (Jun. 15, 2010) SpaceX Crew-1 (Nov. 15, 2020) | |
56 | Liu Yang Oct. 6, 1978 |
China | First Chinese woman in space. Second Chinese woman and nineteenth woman to walk in space. | Shenzhou 9 (Jun. 16, 2012), Shenzhou 14 (Jun. 5, 2022) | |
57 | Wang Yaping Jan. 27, 1980 |
China | First Chinese woman on long duration expedition. Sixteenth woman to walk in space (November 7, 2021) during Shenzhou 13. First Chinese female astronaut to walk in space. |
Shenzhou 10 (Jun. 11, 2013) Shenzhou 13 (Oct. 15, 2021) | |
58 | Yelena Serova Apr. 22, 1976 |
Russia | Member of ISS Expedition 41. First Russian woman to visit the ISS.[12] | Soyuz TMA-14M (Sep. 25, 2014) | |
59 | Samantha Cristoforetti Apr. 26, 1977 |
Italy | ESA Astronaut. First Italian woman in space and first Italian woman on the ISS, with Expedition 42/43. Eighteenth woman to walk in space, during Expedition 67. | Soyuz TMA-15M (Nov. 23, 2014) SpaceX Crew-4 (Apr. 27, 2022) | |
60 | Kathleen Rubins Oct. 14, 1978 |
United States | Twelfth woman to walk in space (Aug. 19, 2016, Sep. 01, 2016) during ISS Expedition 48. | Soyuz MS-01 (Jul. 6, 2016) Soyuz MS-17 (Oct. 14, 2020) | |
61 | Serena Auñón-Chancellor Apr. 9, 1976 |
United States | Soyuz MS-09 (Jun. 6, 2018) | ||
62 | Anne McClain Jun. 7, 1979 |
United States | Thirteenth woman to walk in space (Mar. 22, 2019, Apr. 08, 2019) during ISS Expedition 59. | Soyuz MS-11 (Dec. 3, 2018) | |
63 | Beth Moses May 29, 1969 |
United States | Virgin Galactic Chief instructor. First woman to make a spaceflight (US Department of Defense classification i.e. >50 mi (80.47 km)) on a commercially launched vehicle. The maximum altitude achieved was 295,007 ft (55.87 mi, 89.92 km).[13] |
VSS Unity VF-01 (Feb. 22, 2019) Virgin Galactic Unity 22 (July 11, 2021) Virgin Galactic Unity 25 (May 25, 2023) Galactic 02 (Aug. 10. 2023) Galactic 03 (Sept. 08, 2023) Galactic 04 (Oct. 06, 2023) | |
64 | Christina Koch Feb. 2, 1979 |
United States | Fourteenth woman to walk in space, during Expedition 59. Jointly with Jessica Meir, became the first two women to undertake an all-female EVA during ISS Expedition 61. (Oct 18, 2019)[14] Greatest continuous number of days in space for a female (328 days)[15][16] | Soyuz MS-12/13 (Mar. 14, 2019) | |
65 | Jessica Meir Jul. 15, 1977 |
United States / Sweden | Fifteenth woman to walk in space, during Expedition 61. Jointly with Christina Koch, became the first two women to undertake an all-female EVA. (Oct 18, 2019) | Soyuz MS-15 (Sep. 25, 2019) | |
66 | Sirisha Bandla C. 1988 |
United States | Vice President of Government Affairs and Research Operations, Virgin Galactic.[17] | Virgin Galactic Unity 22 (Jul. 11, 2021) | |
67 | Wally Funk Feb. 1, 1939 |
United States |
|
Blue Origin NS-16 (Jul. 20, 2021) | |
68 | Sian Proctor Mar. 26, 1970 |
United States |
|
Inspiration4 (Sep. 16, 2021) | |
69 | Hayley Arceneaux Dec. 9, 1991 |
United States |
|
Inspiration4 (Sep. 16, 2021) | |
70 | Yulia Peresild Sep. 5, 1984 |
Russia | First actress in space, filming footage for the 2023 film The Challenge aboard the International Space Station. | Soyuz MS-19 (Oct. 5, 2021) | |
71 | Audrey Powers | United States | Vice president of mission and flight operations of Blue Origin. | Blue Origin NS-18 (Oct. 13, 2021) | |
72 | Kayla Barron Sep. 19, 1987 |
United States | Seventeenth woman to walk in space, during SpaceX Crew-3/Expedition 66. (Nov. 10, 2021) | ||
73 | Laura Shepard Churchley | United States | Daughter of Alan Shepard, first American in space | Blue Origin NS-19 (Dec. 11, 2021) | |
74 | Sharon Hagle | United States | With husband Marc Hagle, became the first married couple to launch into space on a commercial space vehicle. | Blue Origin NS-20 (March 31, 2022) | |
75 | Jessica Watkins May 14, 1988 |
United States | First African-American woman on a long-duration mission. | SpaceX Crew-4 (Apr. 27, 2022) | |
76 | Katya Echazarreta | United States / Mexico | Blue Origin NS-21 (June 04, 2022) | ||
77 | Vanessa O'Brien Dec. 2, 1964 |
United States / United Kingdom | First woman to reach extremes on Earth (Mount Everest), sea (Challenger Deep) and air (passing the Kármán line into space)[22][23] | Blue Origin NS-22 (August 4, 2022) | |
78 | Sara Sabry | Egypt | Blue Origin NS-22 (August 4, 2022) | ||
79 | Nicole Aunapu Mann Jun. 27, 1977 |
United States | First Native American woman in space.[24][25][26][27][28][29] Twentieth woman to walk in space, during Expedition 68. | SpaceX Crew-5 (Oct. 5, 2022) | |
80 | Anna Kikina Aug.27, 1984 |
Russia | First Russian cosmonaut to fly a Crew Dragon. | SpaceX Crew-5 (Oct. 5, 2022) | |
81 | Rayyanah Barnawi Sep., 1988 |
Saudi Arabia | First female Saudi astronaut in space. | Axiom Mission 2 (May 21, 2023) | |
82 | Jamila Gilbert | United States | Senior manager, internal communications. Virgin Galactic | Virgin Galactic Unity 25 (May 25, 2023) | |
83 | Kelly Latimer | United States | Pilot. Virgin Galactic | Galactic 02 (Aug. 10, 2023) Galactic 04 (Oct. 06, 2023) Galactic 05 (Nov. 02, 2023) | |
84 | Keisha Schahaff 1977 |
Antigua and Barbuda | Together with Anastatia Mayers, first citizens from Antigua & Barbuda and the first mother and daughter duo to fly to space | Galactic 02 (Aug. 10, 2023) | |
85 | Anastatia Mayers September 27, 2004 |
Antigua and Barbuda | Together with Keisha Schahaff, first citizens from Antigua & Barbuda and the first mother and daughter duo to fly to space. Youngest woman to fly to space (18 years, 318 days). |
Galactic 02 (Aug. 10, 2023) | |
86 | Jasmin Moghbeli Jun. 24, 1983 |
United States | Twenty-first woman to walk in space, during Expedition 70. | SpaceX Crew-7 (Aug. 26, 2023) | |
87 | Loral O'Hara May 3, 1983 |
United States | Twenty-second woman to walk in space, during Expedition 70. | Soyuz MS-24 (Sep. 15, 2023) | |
88 | Namira Salim | Pakistan | First person from Pakistan to go into space. | Galactic 04 (Oct. 06, 2023) | |
89 | Kellie Gerardi February 16, 1989 |
United States | Galactic 05 (Nov. 02, 2023) | ||
90 | Ketty Maisonrouge | Italy | Galactic 05 (Nov. 02, 2023) | ||
91 | Lina Borozdina | Ukraine / United States | Galactic 06 (Jan. 26, 2024) | ||
92 | Jeanette J. Epps Nov. 2, 1970 |
United States | SpaceX Crew-8 (Mar. 4, 2024)[30] | ||
93 | Marina Vasilevskaya Sept. 14, 1990 |
Belarus | Soyuz MS-25/MS-24 (Mar. 23, 2024) | ||
94 | Carol Schaller | United States | Blue Origin NS-25 (May 19 2024) | ||
95 | Nicolina Elrick | United Kingdom/ Singapore | First Singapore astronaut. | Blue Origin NS-26 (August 29 2024) | |
96 | Karsen Kitchen | United States | Blue Origin NS-26 (August 29 2024) | ||
97 | Sarah Gillis Jan. 1, 1994 |
United States | Twenty-second woman, and first female private spaceflight participant to walk in space. As of October 2024[update], current record holder for the youngest spacewalker ever. First person to play violin in space. | Polaris Dawn (Sep. 10, 2024) | |
98 | Anna Menon Dec. 24, 1985 |
United States | Polaris Dawn (Sep. 10, 2024) | ||
99 | Wang Haoze March , 1990 |
China | Shenzhou 19 (Oct. 29, 2024) |
Other astronauts and astronaut candidates
[edit]See also
[edit]- Chinese women in space
- Mercury 13—the Women in Space Program (WISP)
- List of space travelers by name—all people who have flown in space
- List of space travelers by nationality
- List of astronauts by name—people trained to serve as spaceflight crew
References
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- ^ "Women's History Month 2023: Celebrating Women Astronauts - NASA". 2023-03-01. Retrieved 2023-11-22.
- ^ "Shenzhou | Spaceflights & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 2023-11-21. Retrieved 2023-11-22.
- ^ "First Woman in Orbit - Red Spaceships May Be Aiming At Rendezvous". The Sydney Morning Herald. Australian Associated Press. 17 June 1963. p. 1. Archived from the original on 31 August 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "NASA - First Mother in Space, Mars Team to Be at NASA Langley Open House". www.nasa.gov.
- ^ "Astronaut/Cosmonaut Statistics". www.worldspaceflight.com. Retrieved 2019-12-06.
- ^ Spacefacts (2017). "Astronauts and Cosmonauts with EVA Experience (sorted by "EVA Time")". Spacefacts. Retrieved May 13, 2017.
- ^ a b c NASA (2009). "Sunita L. Williams (Commander, USN)". National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Retrieved October 26, 2009.
- ^ "Astronaut Tracy Caldwell & "Officer Phil" Konstantin's KUSI TV 9/51 Page". americanindian.net.
- ^ "Privyet, Elena Serova! Space Station Welcomes Its First Russian Woman". NBC News. 26 September 2014. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
- ^ "Virgin Galactic Makes Space for Second Time In Ten Weeks with Three On Board, Reaching Higher Altitudes and Faster Speeds, as Flight Test Program Continues". Virgin Galactic. 22 February 2019.
- ^ "NASA Astronauts Make History with 1st All-Woman Spacewalk". Space. 18 October 2019. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
- ^ Northon, Karen (2020-02-06). "Record-Setting NASA Astronaut, Crewmates Return from Space Station". NASA. Retrieved 2020-05-26.
- ^ Pearlman 2019-12-29T00:29:47Z, Robert Z. (29 December 2019). "Astronaut Christina Koch Breaks Record for Longest Space Mission by a Woman". Space.com. Retrieved 2019-12-30.
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- ^ Mitib, Ali. "British-American adventurer makes triple triumph of space, land and sea records". The Times. Retrieved 6 August 2022.
- ^ "NASA astronaut Nicole Aunapu Mann will be the first Native American woman to travel to space". www.cbsnews.com. Retrieved August 19, 2022.
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