Beta-actin

ACTB
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	3BYH, 3D2U, 3J82, 3LUE
Identifiers
Aliases	ACTB, BRWS1, PS1TP5BP1, Beta-actin, actin, beta, actin beta
External IDs	OMIM: 102630; MGI: 87904; HomoloGene: 110648; GeneCards: ACTB; OMA:ACTB - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 7 (human)
End	5,563,902 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 5 (mouse)
End	142,892,509 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	saphenous vein; ; urethra; ; postcentral gyrus; ; synovial joint; ; orbitofrontal cortex; ; mucosa of ileum; ; Brodmann area 46; ; nipple; ; vena cava; ; olfactory bulb;
	Top expressed in
	human fetus; ; vas deferens; ; lateral septal nucleus; ; Gonadal ridge; ; mandibular prominence; ; migratory enteric neural crest cell; ; maxillary prominence; ; ventromedial nucleus; ; abdominal wall; ; medial ganglionic eminence;
	More reference expression data
	; ;
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding; nucleotide binding; nitric-oxide synthase binding; Tat protein binding; structural constituent of cytoskeleton; protein binding; kinesin binding; identical protein binding; nucleosomal DNA binding; ATP binding;
Cellular component	cytoplasm; blood microparticle; membrane; focal adhesion; NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex; plasma membrane; nucleoplasm; cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule; extracellular exosome; cytoskeleton; dense body; cortical cytoskeleton; cytosol; myelin sheath; extracellular space;
Biological process	epigenetic maintenance of chromatin in transcription-competent conformation; substantia nigra development; Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis; ephrin receptor signaling pathway; retina homeostasis; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway; platelet aggregation; cell junction assembly; cytoskeleton organization; protein deubiquitination; membrane organization;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	60
	11461
	ENSG00000075624
	ENSMUSG00000029580
	P60709
	P60710
	NM_001101
	NM_007393
	NP_001092
	NP_031419
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Beta-actin (human gene and protein abbreviation ACTB/ACTB) is one of six different actin isoforms which have been identified in humans. This is one of the two nonmuscle cytoskeletal actins. Actins are highly conserved proteins^[5]^[6] that are involved in cell motility, structure and integrity. Alpha actins are a major constituent of the contractile apparatus.^[7]

Interactions

Beta-actin has been shown to interact with SPTBN2.^[8]^[9] In addition, RNA-binding protein Sam68 was found to interact with the mRNA encoding β-actin, which regulates the synaptic formation of the dendritic spines with its cytoskeletal components.

Beta-actin has been shown to activate eNOS, thereby increasing NO production. An eight-amino acid residue (326-333) in actin has been shown to mediate the interaction between actin and eNOS.^[10]

Clinical relevance

Recurrent mutations in this gene have been associated to cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.^[11]

Applications

Beta actin is often used in Western blotting as a loading control, to normalize total protein amounts and check for eventual protein degradation in the samples. Its transcript is also commonly used as a housekeeping gene standard in qPCR. Its molecular weight is approximately 42 kDa.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000075624 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000029580 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Gunning PW, Ghoshdastider U, Whitaker S, Popp D, Robinson RC (Jun 2015). "The evolution of compositionally and functionally distinct actin filaments". Journal of Cell Science. 128 (11): 2009–2019. doi:10.1242/jcs.165563. PMID 25788699.
^ Hanukoglu I, Tanese N, Fuchs E (Feb 1983). "Complementary DNA sequence of a human cytoplasmic actin. Interspecies divergence of 3' non-coding regions". Journal of Molecular Biology. 163 (4): 673–8. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(83)90117-1. PMID 6842590.
^ "Entrez Gene: ACTB actin, beta".
^ Mao B, Wu W, Li Y, Hoppe D, Stannek P, Glinka A, Niehrs C (May 2001). "LDL-receptor-related protein 6 is a receptor for Dickkopf proteins". Nature. 411 (6835): 321–5. Bibcode:2001Natur.411..321M. doi:10.1038/35077108. PMID 11357136. S2CID 4323027.
^ Holleran EA, Ligon LA, Tokito M, Stankewich MC, Morrow JS, Holzbaur EL (Sep 2001). "beta III spectrin binds to the Arp1 subunit of dynactin". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (39): 36598–605. doi:10.1074/jbc.M104838200. PMID 11461920.
^ Kondrikov D, Fonseca FV, Elms S, Fulton D, Black SM, Block ER, Su Y (Feb 2010). "Beta-actin association with endothelial nitric-oxide synthase modulates nitric oxide and superoxide generation from the enzyme". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 285 (7): 4319–27. doi:10.1074/jbc.M109.063172. PMC 2836036. PMID 19946124.
^ Lohr JG, Stojanov P, Lawrence MS, Auclair D, Chapuy B, Sougnez C, Cruz-Gordillo P, Knoechel B, Asmann YW, Slager SL, Novak AJ, Dogan A, Ansell SM, Link BK, Zou L, Gould J, Saksena G, Stransky N, Rangel-Escareño C, Fernandez-Lopez JC, Hidalgo-Miranda A, Melendez-Zajgla J, Hernández-Lemus E, Schwarz-Cruz y Celis A, Imaz-Rosshandler I, Ojesina AI, Jung J, Pedamallu CS, Lander ES, Habermann TM, Cerhan JR, Shipp MA, Getz G, Golub TR (Mar 2012). "Discovery and prioritization of somatic mutations in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) by whole-exome sequencing". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 109 (10): 3879–84. Bibcode:2012PNAS..109.3879L. doi:10.1073/pnas.1121343109. PMC 3309757. PMID 22343534.

External links

Human ACTB genome location and ACTB gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.
Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: P60709 (Actin, cytoplasmic 1) at the PDBe-KB.