Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade

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Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade
File:87th Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade, in 2013, Official logo.jpg
Official 2013 87th Annual Parade Logo
StarringDave Garroway (1952–1961)
Betty White (1962–1972)
Lorne Greene (1962–1972)
Ed McMahon (1971–1982)
Bryant Gumbel (1982–1984)
Pat Sajak (1983–1986)
Willard Scott (1987–1997)
Deborah Norville (1989-1990)
Katie Couric (1991–2005)
Meredith Vieira (2006–2010)
Ann Curry (2011)
Matt Lauer (1998–present)
Savannah Guthrie (2012–present)
Al Roker (1995–present)
Other:
Jean McFaddin (1977–2000)
Robin Hall (2001–2010)
Amy Kule (2010–present)
Country of originUnited States
Original languageEnglish
No. of episodes87 (as of November 28, 2013)
Production
Production locationsCentral Park to Macy's Herald Square
New York
Running time3 Hours
(with commercials)
Production companiesMacy's
NBC
Brad Lachman Productions[1]
Original release
NetworkNBC
ReleaseNovember 24, 1927 (1927-11-24) –
November 22, 1951 (1951-11-22) (radio)
November 25, 1948 (1948-11-25) – present (television)
Related
Macy's Fourth of July Fireworks
Macy's Ballonfest
My Macy's Holiday Parade
Lighting of the Macy's Great Tree
Christmas in Rockefeller Center[1]
Santa Claus' arrival at the parade's finale marks the start of the Christmas season.
A balloon being inflated by the Steven's Inflation Crew during training at Giants Stadium.

The Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade is an annual parade presented by the U.S. chain store business Macy's. The tradition started in 1924, tying it for the second-oldest Thanksgiving parade in the United States along with America's Thanksgiving Parade in Detroit, with both parades four years younger than the 6abc Dunkin' Donuts Thanksgiving Day Parade in Philadelphia. The three-hour Macy's event is held in New York City starting at 9:00 a.m. EST on Thanksgiving Day, and has been televised nationally on NBC since 1952.

History

File:Macys80thparadelogo.jpg
The former Macy's Parade Logo (Used until 2005 with a special edition variant being used in the 2006 Parade)
File:Macys80athparadelogo.jpg
The Macy's Parade Logo used in 2006. Balloons, from left: Uncle Sam, Tom Turkey, Macy's Star, Gnome, Toy Soldier, Chloe the Clown.

In the 1920s, many of Macy's department store employees were first-generation immigrants. Proud of their new American heritage, they wanted to celebrate the United States parade of Thanksgiving with the type of festival their parents had loved in Europe.[2]

In 1924, the annual Thanksgiving parade started by Louis Bamberger in Newark, New Jersey at the Bamberger's store was transferred to New York by Macy's. In New York, the employees marched to Macy's flagship store on 34th Street dressed in vibrant costumes. There were floats, professional bands and live animals borrowed from the Central Park Zoo. At the end of that first parade, as has been the case with every parade since, Santa Claus was welcomed into Herald Square. At this first parade, however, the Jolly Old Elf was enthroned on the Macy's balcony at the 34th Street store entrance, where he was then "crowned" "King of the Kiddies." With an audience of over a quarter of a million people, the parade was such a success that Macy's declared it would become an annual event.

Anthony "Tony" Frederick Sarg loved to work with marionettes from an early age. After moving to London to start his own marionette business, Sarg moved to New York City to perform with his puppets on the street. Macy's heard about Sarg's talents and asked him to design a window display of a parade for the store.[3] Sarg's large animal-shaped balloons, produced by the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company in Akron, Ohio, replaced the live animals in 1927 when the Felix the Cat balloon made its debut. Felix was filled with air, but by the next year, helium was used to fill the expanding cast of balloons.

At the finale of the 1928 parade, the balloons were released into the sky where they unexpectedly burst. The following year they were redesigned with safety valves to allow them to float for a few days.[4] Address labels were sewn into them, so that whoever found and mailed back the discarded balloon received a gift from Macy's.[4]

Through the 1930s, the Parade continued to grow, with crowds of over 1 million lining the parade route in 1933. The first Mickey Mouse balloon entered the parade in 1934. The annual festivities were broadcast on local New York radio from 1932 through 1941,[5] and resumed in 1945 through 1951.[6]

The parade was suspended 1942–1944 during World War II, owing to the need for rubber and helium in the war effort.[7][8] The parade resumed in 1945 using the route that it followed until 2008. The parade became known nationwide after being prominently featured in the 1947 film, Miracle on 34th Street, which included footage of the 1946 festivities. The event was first broadcast on network television in 1948 (see below). By this point the event, and Macy's sponsorship of it, were sufficiently well-known to give rise to the colloquialism "Macy's Day Parade".

Since 1984, the balloons have been made by Raven Aerostar (a division of Raven Industries of Sioux Falls, SD).[9]

Macy's also sponsors the smaller Celebrate the Season Parade in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, held two days after the main event. Other cities in the US also have parades on Thanksgiving, but they are not run by Macy's. The nation's oldest Thanksgiving parade (the Gimbels parade, which has had many sponsors over the years is now known as 6abc Dunkin' Donuts Thanksgiving Day Parade) was first held in Philadelphia in 1920. Other cities include the McDonald's Thanksgiving Parade of Chicago, Illinois and parades in Plymouth, Massachusetts; Seattle, Washington; Houston, Texas; Detroit, Michigan; and Fountain Hills, Arizona. A parade is also held at the two U.S. Disney theme parks. There is even a 2nd Thanksgiving balloon parade within the New York metropolitan area, the UBS balloon parade in Stamford, CT, 30 miles away. This parade is held the Sunday before Thanksgiving to not compete with the New York parade and usually does not duplicate any balloon characters.

The classic "Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade" logo (seen below) was, with one exception, last used in 2005. For 2006 a special variant of the logo was used. Every year since a new logo has been used for each parade. The logos however are seen rarely, if at all, on television as NBC has used its own logo with the word "Macy's" in script and "Thanksgiving Day Parade" in a bold font. The logos are assumed to be for Macy's use only, such as on the Grandstand tickets and the ID badges worn by parade staff. The Jackets worn by parade staff still bear the original classic parade logo, this being the only place where that logo can be found.

New safety measures were incorporated in 2006 to prevent accidents and balloon related injuries. One measure taken was installation of wind measurement devices to alert parade organizers to any unsafe conditions that could cause the balloons to behave erratically. Also, parade officials implemented a measure to keep the balloons closer to the ground during windy conditions. If wind speeds are forecast to be higher than 34 miles per hour, all balloons are removed from the parade.[10]

In 2007, the journal Puppetry International published a first person account of being a balloon handler.[11]

Balloon introductions

The balloons in the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade come in three varieties. The first and oldest is the novelty balloon class, consisting of smaller balloons, some of which fit on the heads of the performers. The second, and most famous, is the full-size balloon class, primarily consisting of licensed pop-culture characters. The third and most recent is the "Blue Sky Gallery," in which the works of contemporary artists are transformed into full-size balloons.

The following is a list of balloons that have, over the years, been featured in the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade, sorted by their first year in the lineup. Items in italics indicate entries in the Blue Sky Gallery.


Falloon and Balloonicle

A falloon, (F), a portmanteau of "float" and "balloon", is a float-based balloon.

A balloonicle, (B), a portmanteau of "balloon" and "vehicle", is a self-powered balloon vehicle.

Float introductions

Performers and acts

In addition to the well-known balloons and floats, the Parade also features live music and other performances. College and high school marching bands from across the country participate in the parade, and the television broadcasts feature performances by famous singers and bands. The Rockettes of Radio City Music Hall are a classic performance as well, as are cheerleaders and dancers chosen by the National Cheerleaders Association from various high schools across the country. The parade concludes with the arrival of Santa Claus to ring in the Christmas and holiday season.

On the NBC telecast from in front of the flagship Macy's store on Broadway and 34th Street, the marching bands perform live music. Most "live" performances by musicals and individual artists lip sync to the studio or soundtrack recordings of their songs,[14] due to the technical difficulties of attempting to sing into a wireless microphone while in a moving vehicle (performers typically perform on the floats themselves); the NBC microphones used by performers on floats are almost always non-functioning props to deceive the audience.

Featured performers

Broadway shows

Every year, cast members from a number of Broadway shows (usually shows that debuted that year) perform either in the parade, or immediately preceding the parade in front of Macy's. The 2007 parade was notable as it took place during a strike by the I.A.T.S.E. (a stage hands' union), and as such, Legally Blonde, the one performing musical affected by the strike, performed in show logo shirts, with makeshift props and no sets. The other 3 shows that year performed in theaters which were not affected by the strike.

Along with the Broadway performances, the Rockettes have performed annually since 1957 as the last of the pre-parade acts to perform.

Special Guests

On the 10th anniversary of the September 11 attacks, the Macy's Thanksgiving Parade invited family members from Tuesday's Children, a family service organization that has made a long-term commitment to those directly impacted by 9/11 and terrorism around the world, to cut the ribbon at the start of the parade with NBC's Al Roker and led the parade with Amy Kule, the Parade's executive producer.

Sesame Street

sesame street characters singing in the float and waving

  • 1974
  • 1978
  • 1979
  • 1981
  • 1982
  • 1984
  • 1997
  • 1990 "Do You Like Me?"
  • 1994
  • 1995
  • 1996
  • 1997 "Rubber Duckie"
  • 1998 "Sing" [2]
  • 1999 "How Do You Do?"
  • 2000 "Reach Your Hand Up High"
  • 2001 "A Little Bit" Big Bird, Elmo, Zoe, Gordon, Bob, Maria, Gina, Alan, Barkely, Alice, Telly, Bert, Ernie, Cookie Monster, Grover, Rosita, Count von Count, Baby Bear, Humphrey, Ingrid, Natasha
  • 2002 "We Are All Earthlings" U.S. characters: Big Bird, Elmo, Zoe, Cookie Monster, Bert, Grover. Telly, The Count, Ernie, Rosita, International: Filfil, Nimni, Khokha, Zuzu, Hu Hu Zhu, Rumpel, Samson, Kareem, Dafi, Haneen, Abelardo, Lola, Zeliboba, Moishe Oofnik.
  • 2003 "Good Morning World" Big Bird, Elmo, Grover, Herry, Mumford, Cookie Monster, Telly, Baby Bear, The Count, Zoe, Prairie Dawn, Bert, Ernie, Rosita, Oscar, Alice, Barkley, Gordon, Bob, Gina, Alan, Luis, Maria, Gabi, Miles
  • 2004 "The Street We Live On" Big Bird, Elmo, Zoe, Alice, Barkley, Cookie Monster, Prairie Dawn, Ernie, Bert, Grover, Rosita, Telly, Baby Bear, Herry, The Count, Bob, Miles, Gabi, Luis, Alan, Gina
  • 2005 "Dancing Shoes" Big Bird, Elmo, Zoe, Alice, Barkley, Cookie Monster, Prairie Dawn, Ernie, Bert, Grover, Rosita, Telly, Baby Bear, Herry, The Count, Murray, Gordon, Susan, Bob, Miles, Gabi, Luis, Alan, Gina
  • 2006 "Another Sunny Day" Abby Cadabby, Big Bird, Elmo, Zoe, Alan, Prairie Dawn, Cookie Monster, Grover, Mr. Johnson, Rosita, Herry Monster, AM Monster, Penguin, Oscar, Ernie, Bert, Telly, Hoots,Baby Bear, Grundgetta, The Count, Gabi, Gina, Susan, Luis, Bob, Gordon, Miles
  • 2007 "It Feels Good When You Sing a Song" Abby Cadabby, Big Bird, Elmo, Zoe, Alan, Gina, Miles, Gabi, Luis, Maria, Hoots the Owl, Barkley, Grover, Baby Bear, Cookie Monster, Alice Snuffleupagus, Rosita, Prairie Dawn, Murray Monster, Oscar the Grouch, Count von Count, Bert, Ernie, Bob, Susan, Telly, Grundgetta, The Kids
  • 2008 "Songs" with pianist Lang Lang Abby Cadabby, Alice, Barkley, Big Bird, Elmo, Zoe, Alan, Bob, Herry, Telly, Baby Bear, Grover, Grundgetta, Cookie Monster, The Count, Prairie Dawn, Ernie, Bert, Murray Monster, Karina the Ballerina, Rosita, Oscar, Leela, Maria, Susan, Gina, Luis Chris,
  • 2009 Medley: "Sing" and "What Makes Music?" Big Bird, Elmo, Abby, Zoe, Ernie, Bert, Grover, Cookie Monster, Murray, The Count, Oscar, Baby Bear, Telly, Rosita, Leela, Bob, Luis, Maria, Gordon
  • 2010 "Music Deep Inside" Elmo, Abby, Big Bird, Zoe, Ernie, Bert, Grover, Rosita, Cookie Monster, Telly, Baby Bear, Oscar, Murray, The Count, Leela, Alan, Bob, Gordon, Gina, Susan, Gabi, Maria, Luis Chris,
  • 2011 "Meet Me on Sesame Street" Elmo, Big Bird, Cookie Monster, Murray, The Count, Ernie, Bert, Zoe, Abby, Rosita, Grover, Telly, Baby Bear, Oscar, Maria, Luis, Leela, Alan, Gordon, Bob, Gina, Susan
  • 2012 "What I Am" Big Bird, Elmo, Abby, Murray, Zoe, Rosita, Grover, Count von Count, Oscar, Telly, Baby Bear, Cookie Monster, Ernie, Bert, Alan, Leela, Bob, Gordon, Gina, Luis, Susan Chris,
  • 2013 Somebody Come and Play" with Jimmy Fallon and the Roots,Big Bird, Elmo, Abby, Grover, Cookie, Oscar, The Count, Murray, Zoe, Telly, Rosita, Barkley, Alice Snuffleupagus, Prairie Dawn, Baby Bear, Ernie, Bert, Herry, Mando, Alan, Leela, Chris, Maria, Luis Gina,

Television coverage

More than 44 million people watch the parade on television each year. It was first televised locally in 1939 as an experimental broadcast.[15] No television stations broadcast the parade in 1940 or 1941, but when the parade returned in 1945 after the wartime suspension, so too did local broadcasts.[16][17] The parade began its network television appearances on CBS in 1948, the year that regular television network programming began.[18][19] NBC has been the official broadcaster of the event since 1952, though CBS (who has a studio in Times Square) also carries unauthorized coverage under the title "The Thanksgiving Day Parade on CBS."[20] Since the parade takes place in public, the parade committee can endorse an official broadcaster, but they cannot award exclusive rights as other events (such as sporting events, which take place inside restricted-access stadiums) do. The planned rerouting of the parade (see below) would move the parade out of the view of CBS's cameras and thus make it significantly more difficult for them to cover the parade; CBS nevertheless plans on covering the parade to the same extent as in previous years.

At first, the telecasts were only an hour long. In 1961, the telecast expanded to two hours,[21] then 90 minutes in 1962–1964, back to two hours in 1965, and by 1969, all three hours of it were being televised.[22] The broadcasts have been in color since 1960.[23] NBC airs it live on the East Coast, but it's broadcast tape delays on all other time zones (except Eastern Time) so that the program so that it airs at the same time (9 a.m. to noon).[24] CBS's unauthorized coverage airs live in most time zones (allowing viewers to see the parade as many as three hours before the official NBC coverage airs in their area).[20]

The 1979 parade.

From 1962 to 1971, NBC's coverage was hosted by Lorne Greene (who was then appearing in NBC's Bonanza), and Betty White. Ed McMahon co-hosted in 1971, then hosted until 1982. Bryant Gumbel hosted 1982-1987 Between 1987 and 1997, the NBC telecast coverage was hosted by The Today Show’s Willard Scott. During that period, their co-hosts were Mary Hart, Sandy Duncan, Deborah Norville, and Katie Couric; from the early 1980s until circa 1994, the show was produced and directed by Dick Schneider; since circa 1994, the telecast has been executive produced by Brad Lachman, produced by Bill Bracken and directed by Gary Halvorson. In recent years, NBC's coverage has been hosted by Today anchors Matt Lauer, Meredith Vieira; Ann Curry; and Savannah Guthrie as well as Today weatherman Al Roker; with announcements provided by Don Pardo, followed by Lynda Lopez, the telecast's only female announcer, who served during the decade wherein Willard Scott was parade host; and, since circa 1994, by Joel Godard of Late Night with Conan O'Brien fame. In 2011 Today announcer Les Marshak took over announcing duties. The musical director for the TV coverage is the veteran composer/arranger Milton DeLugg.

CBS's coverage was originally part of an "All-American Thanksgiving Day Parade," a broadcast that included footage from multiple parades across the continent, including parades at Disneyland (later replaced by Opryland USA and after that Miami Beach), the Toronto Santa Claus Parade, and two month old taped footage of the Aloha Floral Parade in Honolulu. Beginning in 2004, however, CBS has focused exclusively on the Macy's parade, but avoids using the Macy's name due to the lack of an official license. To compensate for the fact that the Broadway and music performances can only appear on NBC, CBS adds their own pre-recorded performances (also including Broadway shows, although different from the ones that are part of the official parade) to fill out the special.

For the 1997 parade, MTV guest reporters, Beavis and Butt-head, with host Kurt Loder, provided their usual style of commentary on aspects of the parade, and of their take on Thanksgiving in general. The special, entitled Beavis and Butt-head Do Thanksgiving, includes a balloon of Beavis and Butt-head spectating from their couch. The balloon was not participating in the parade, but stationed on top of a building alongside the parade route.

In 2008, a Coca Cola CGI ad aired in the USA during Super Bowl XLII. The commercial's plot consisted of Underdog and fictional Stewie Griffin balloons chasing a Coke bottle-shaped balloon through New York City. The spot ended with a Charlie Brown balloon holding the Coke balloon. The advertisement won a Silver Lion Award at the annual Lions International Advertising Festival in Cannes, France that year, and the clip of the commercial with the Griffin balloon was featured in a Macy's commercial in October 2008 (along with clips of Miracle on 34th Street, I Love Lucy, Seinfeld and other media where the Macy's department store was mentioned). The commercial was even referenced in an episode of Family Guy (the show in which Stewie stars); Stewie is seen watching the parade only to see the balloon of himself in the parade.

Radio coverage is provided by WINS (1010). It is one of the few times throughout the year that station breaks away from their all news radio format.

Parade route

The Parade has always taken place in Manhattan, one of the Five Boroughs that make up New York City. Originally the parade started from 145th Street in Harlem and ended at Herald Square, a 6-mile route.

In the 1930s, the balloons were inflated in the area of 110th Street and Amsterdam Avenue near St. John the Divine Cathedral. The parade proceeded South on Amsterdam Ave. to 106th Street and turned east. At Columbus Ave. the balloons had to be lowered to go under the 9th Avenue Elevated Subway tracks. Past the tracks, the parade proceeded through 106th street to Central Park West and turned South to terminate at Macy's Department Store.

A new route was established for the 2009 parade. From 77th Street and Central Park West, the route went south along Central Park to Columbus Circle, then east along Central Park South. The parade would then make a right turn at 7th Avenue and go south to Times Square. At 42nd Street the parade turned left and went east, then at 6th Avenue turned right again at Bryant Park. Heading south on 6th Avenue, the parade turned right at 34th Street (Herald Square) and proceeded west to the terminating point at 7th Avenue where the floats are taken down.[25][26] The 2009 route change eliminated Broadway completely, where the parade has traveled down for decades. The City of New York said that the new route would provide more space for the parade, and more viewing space for spectators. Another reason for implementing the route change is the city's plan to turn Broadway into a pedestrian-only zone at Times Square.

Another new route has begun starting with the 2012 parade. This change is similar to the 2009 route, but now eliminates Times Square altogether and reroutes the parade down Sixth Avenue, a move that has been protested by the Times Square BID, Broadway theatre owners and other groups.

It is not advised to view the parade from Columbus Circle, as balloon teams race through it due to higher winds in this flat area.

New York City officials preview the parade route and try to eliminate as many potential obstacles as possible, including rotating overhead traffic signals out of the way.

Popular culture

In the Seinfeld episode "The Mom and Pop Store", Elaine wins a spot on the parade route for her boss, Mr. Pitt, to hold the Woody Woodpecker balloon.

The first Thanksgiving-themed episode of Friends centered on the accidental release of the (unused at the time) "Underdog" balloon.

"Macy's Day Parade" is a song by Green Day.

Macy's Holiday Parade

Since 2001, Macy's Studios has partnered with the Universal Orlando Resort (owned by NBC Universal) to bring balloons and floats from New York to the theme park in Florida every holiday season. The parade is performed daily and includes the iconic Santa Claus float. Performers from the Orlando area are cast as various clowns, and the park used to invite guests to be "balloon handlers" for the parade.[27]

Incidents and injuries

  • In 1927, a Felix The Cat balloon caught in some telephone wires and caught fire. The fire was put out, but Felix was removed from the parade.
  • In 1957, a Popeye the Sailor balloon's hat filled with water during heavy rain, which caused the balloon to go off-course and pour water on the crowd.
  • In 1982, the Bullwinkle balloon sprang a catastrophic nose leak just a few blocks shy of the finish line.[28]
  • In 1985, the Kermit the Frog balloon tore at the stomach. No one was injured.
  • In 1986, a Raggedy Ann balloon crashed into a lamppost and sent a lamp into the street. The same year, a Superman balloon had its hand torn off by a tree. Neither incident caused any injuries.[29]
  • In 1993, high winds pushed the Rex the Dinosaur balloon into a street light and caused his head to pop and the Sonic the Hedgehog balloon crashed into a lamppost at Columbus Circle and injured an off-duty police officer.[30]
  • In 1994, the Barney balloon tore its side on a lamppost, but no one was injured. It was a joyus day for all.[29]
  • In 1995, the Dudley the Dragon balloon that was leading the parade was speared and deflated on a lamppost and showered glass on the crowd below.[29]
  • In 1997, high winds pushed the Cat in the Hat balloon into a lamppost.[31] The falling debris struck a parade-goer, fracturing her skull and leaving her in a coma for a month. Size rules were implemented the next year, eliminating larger balloons like the Cat in the Hat.[32] The same high winds also caused the New York City Police Department to stab and stomp down the Barney balloon over crowd concerns. They also stabbed a Pink Panther balloon for the same reason. Neither of the last two balloons actually caused any injuries.[29] Additionally, the Peter Rabbit balloon leaned too close to a lamppost, and almost popped his ear.
  • In 2000, Rocky was not seen alongside Bullwinkle, having accidentally deflated during preparation.
  • In 2005, the M&M's chocolate candies balloon caught on a streetlight in Times Square. Two sisters were struck by falling debris, suffering minor injuries. As a result, new safety rules were introduced.[33] Those rules came in handy for the 2006 parade, as balloons were lowered because of rain and high winds. The M&M's balloon was retired after 2006, and replaced by a float saluting Broadway theatre and musicals. Additionally, the Barney balloon was nearly blown away, and his foot got ripped by a street light.
  • In 2008, a Keith Haring-inspired balloon hit the NBC Broadcast Booth.
  • In 2010, high winds pushed the SpongeBob SquarePants balloon into a lampost, but it was freed (It happened before in 2006).
  • In 2011, the Kool Aid Man balloon was tipped over when it became deflated.
  • In 2012, the Buzz Lightyear balloon tore a massive hole in his helmet and was caught on tape in a nearby river. Also, the Spongebob Squarepants and Pikachu balloons were not inflated very well.
  • In 2013, the Spider-Man balloon had his left arm become partially deflated after impacting a tree along Central Park.

References

  1. ^ a b "Portfolio of Brad Lachman-produced programs". Retrieved 22 November 2012.
  2. ^ Grippo, Robert M.; Hoskins, Christopher (2003). Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade. Charlestown, SC: Arcadia Publishing. p. 11. ISBN 9780738535623.
  3. ^ Sweet, Melissa. Balloons Over Broadway; The True Story of the Puppeteer of Macy's Parade. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2011. Print
  4. ^ a b http://www1.macys.com/campaign/parade/index.jsp?keyword=parade
  5. ^ WOR schedule, "Today on the Radio", The New York Times Nov. 24, 1932, p. 40. "Radio Today", The New York Times, Nov. 20, 1999, p. 54.
  6. ^ "Radio Today", The New York Times, Nov. 22, 1945, p. 36. "On the Radio", The New York Times, Nov. 22, 1957, p. 58.
  7. ^ "Mayor Plays Role of Dragon Slayer", The New York Times, Nov. 14, 1942, p. 17.
  8. ^ "Get Set, Children, and Your Parents, Too; Genii Are Coming in Thanksgiving Parade", The New York Times, Nov. 14, 2010, p. 27.
  9. ^ Firm Flying High With Order for 4 Giant Macy's Parade Balloons - Los Angeles Times. Articles.latimes.com (1987-11-25). Retrieved on 2013-12-06.
  10. ^ Ross, Shannon (November 23, 2011). 's-parade%3F No balloons for Macy's parade?[dead link]. WIVB-TV. Retrieved November 23, 2011.
  11. ^ Langsner, Meron "Parading With the Pink Panther Pulling Posse: An Account of Being a Balloon Hander in the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade," Puppetry International , Fall/Winter 2007- Issue No. 22
  12. ^ New York Daily News (2008-11-28). "Floating back in time with Macy's balloons". Retrieved 2008-11-28.
  13. ^ a b "Spider-Man Returning to Macy's Thanksgiving Day Paradede"[dead link], Associated Press via WCBS (AM), 17 August 2009
  14. ^ Jensen, Elizabeth (November 25, 2012). At ‘Sesame Street,’ a Void in a Close-Knit Troupe. The New York Times. Retrieved November 25, 2012. "The puppet was featured on a Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade float, with another puppeteer acting to Mr. Clash’s taped voice."
  15. ^ "Television" section of "Today on the Radio", The New York Times, November 23, 1939, p. 40.
  16. ^ "Radio Today" (with television listings), The New York Times, Nov. 20, 1941, p. 54.
  17. ^ "Radio Today" (with television listings), The New York Times, Nov. 22, 1945, p. 36.
  18. ^ "Radio and Television", The New York Times, November 15, 1948, p. 44.
  19. ^ "Radio and Television", The New York Times, November 21, 1949, p. 44.
  20. ^ a b "The Thanksgiving Day Parade on CBS" will be anchored live by "The Early Show's" Dave Price and Maggie Rodriguez from New York's Times Square, Thursday, Nov. 27 on the CBS Television Network. CBS press release (2008-11-13). Retrieved 2010-06-21.
  21. ^ "Television", The New York Times, November 23, 1961, p. 71.
  22. ^ "Television", The New York Times, November 27, 1969, p. 75.
  23. ^ "Television", The New York Times, November 24, 1960, p. 67.
  24. ^ [1]
  25. ^ New route plan[dead link] - Macy's Website
  26. ^ "City to Change Route of Thanksgiving Day Parade". NY1 News. 10 April 2009. Retrieved 10 April 2009.
  27. ^ Universal Studios, Orlando: Theme Parks, Attractions, Accommodations[dead link]
  28. ^ "Macy's 70th Sails On Buoyantly". New York Times. 1996-11-29. Retrieved 2012-11-22.
  29. ^ a b c d Gaouette, Nicole (November 25, 2005). "NYC Parade Again Marred by Accident". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
  30. ^ Chan, Sewell (2005-11-27). "Site of Balloon Accident Is Known for Its Crosswinds". New York Times. Retrieved 2007-11-16.
  31. ^ Martin, Douglas (1997-11-28). "Macy's Parade of Balloons Gets One Thing It Doesn't Need: Wind". New York Times. Retrieved 2007-11-16.
  32. ^ "Macy's presents safer parade". CNN. 1998-11-26. Retrieved 2007-11-16.
  33. ^ "New safety rules for NYC Thanksgiving parade after balloon crash". Associated Press. Retrieved 2006-10-18.[dead link]

Further reading

  • William L. Bird, Jr. Holidays on Display. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of American History in Association with Princeton Architectural Press, 2007.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade.
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