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! scope="col" | Country
! scope="col" | Country
! scope="col" | Competing artist
! scope="col" | Competing artist
⚫
! scope="col" | Original artist
! scope="col" | Song
! scope="col" | Song
⚫
!Original artist
|-
|-
! scope="row" | 01
! scope="row" | 01
| {{Esc|Yugoslavia|y=1991}}
| {{Esc|Yugoslavia|y=1991}}
| [[Bebi Dol|Baby Doll]]
| [[Bebi Dol|Baby Doll]]
⚫
| [[Gigliola Cinquetti]]
| "[[Non ho l'età]]"
| "[[Non ho l'età]]"
⚫
|[[Gigliola Cinquetti]]
|-
|-
! scope="row" | 02
! scope="row" | 02
| {{Esc|Iceland|y=1991}}
| {{Esc|Iceland|y=1991}}
| [[Stefán & Eyfi]]
| [[Stefán & Eyfi]]
⚫
| [[Eros Ramazzotti]]
| "[[Se bastasse una canzone]]"
| "[[Se bastasse una canzone]]"
⚫
|[[Eros Ramazzotti]]
|-
|-
! scope="row" | 03
! scope="row" | 03
| {{Esc|Malta|y=1991}}
| {{Esc|Malta|y=1991}}
| [[Georgina Abela|Georgina]] & [[Paul Giordimaina]]
| [[Georgina Abela|Georgina]] & [[Paul Giordimaina]]
⚫
| [[Claudio Baglioni]]
| "[[Questo piccolo grande amore]]"
| "[[Questo piccolo grande amore]]"
⚫
|[[Claudio Baglioni]]
|-
|-
! scope="row" | 04
! scope="row" | 04
| {{Esc|Greece|y=1991}}
| {{Esc|Greece|y=1991}}
| [[Sophia Vossou]]
| [[Sophia Vossou]]
⚫
| [[Lucio Dalla]]
| "[[Caruso (song)|Caruso]]"
| "[[Caruso (song)|Caruso]]"
⚫
|[[Lucio Dalla]]
|-
|-
! scope="row" | 05
! scope="row" | 05
| {{Esc|Switzerland|y=1991}}
| {{Esc|Switzerland|y=1991}}
| [[Sandra Studer|Sandra Simó]]
| [[Sandra Studer|Sandra Simó]]
⚫
| [[Edoardo Bennato]] and [[Gianna Nannini]]
| "[[Un'estate italiana]]"
| "[[Un'estate italiana]]"
⚫
|[[Edoardo Bennato]] and [[Gianna Nannini]]
|-
|-
! scope="row" | 06
! scope="row" | 06
| {{Esc|Austria|y=1991}}
| {{Esc|Austria|y=1991}}
| [[Thomas Forstner]]
| [[Thomas Forstner]]
⚫
| [[Eros Ramazzotti]]
| "[[Adesso tu]]"
| "[[Adesso tu]]"
⚫
|[[Eros Ramazzotti]]
|-
|-
! scope="row" | 07
! scope="row" | 07
| {{Esc|Luxembourg|y=1991}}
| {{Esc|Luxembourg|y=1991}}
| [[Sarah Bray]]
| [[Sarah Bray]]
⚫
| [[Ricchi e Poveri]]
| "[[Sarà perché ti amo]]"
| "[[Sarà perché ti amo]]"
⚫
|[[Ricchi e Poveri]]
|-
|-
! scope="row" | 08
! scope="row" | 08
| {{Esc|Sweden|y=1991}}
| {{Esc|Sweden|y=1991}}
| [[Carola Häggkvist|Carola]]
| [[Carola Häggkvist|Carola]]
⚫
| [[Fiordaliso]]
| "[[Non voglio mica la luna]]"
| "[[Non voglio mica la luna]]"
⚫
|[[Fiordaliso]]
|-
|-
! scope="row" | 09
! scope="row" | 09
| {{Esc|France|y=1991}}
| {{Esc|France|y=1991}}
| [[Amina Annabi|Amina]]
| [[Amina Annabi|Amina]]
⚫
| [[Rita Pavone]]
| "[[La partita di Pallone]]"
| "[[La partita di Pallone]]"
⚫
|[[Rita Pavone]]
|-
|-
! scope="row" | 10
! scope="row" | 10
| {{Esc|Turkey|y=1991}}
| {{Esc|Turkey|y=1991}}
| [[İzel Çeliköz]], [[Reyhan Karaca]] & [[Can Uğurluer]]
| [[İzel Çeliköz]], [[Reyhan Karaca]] & [[Can Uğurluer]]
⚫
| [[John Foster (Italian singer)|John Foster]]
| "[[Amore scusami]]"
| "[[Amore scusami]]"
⚫
|[[John Foster (Italian singer)|John Foster]]
|-
|-
! scope="row" | 11
! scope="row" | 11
| {{Esc|Ireland|y=1991}}
| {{Esc|Ireland|y=1991}}
| [[Kim Jackson]]
| [[Kim Jackson]]
⚫
|[[Domenico Modugno]]
| "[[Nel blu, dipinto di blu (song)|Nel blu dipinto di blu]]"
| "[[Nel blu, dipinto di blu (song)|Nel blu dipinto di blu]]"
⚫
|[[Domenico Modugno]]
|-
|-
! scope="row" | 12
! scope="row" | 12
| {{Esc|Portugal|y=1991}}
| {{Esc|Portugal|y=1991}}
| [[Dulce Pontes]]
| [[Dulce Pontes]]
⚫
|[[Domenico Modugno]] / [[Gigliola Cinquetti]]
| "[[Dio, come ti amo]]"
| "[[Dio, come ti amo]]"
⚫
|[[Domenico Modugno]] / [[Gigliola Cinquetti]]
|-
|-
! scope="row" | 13
! scope="row" | 13
| {{Esc|Denmark|y=1991}}
| {{Esc|Denmark|y=1991}}
| [[Anders Frandsen]]
| [[Anders Frandsen]]
⚫
| [[Giacomo Puccini]]
| "[[Nessun dorma]]"
| "[[Nessun dorma]]"
⚫
|[[Giacomo Puccini]]
|-
|-
! scope="row" | 14
! scope="row" | 14
| {{Esc|Norway|y=1991}}
| {{Esc|Norway|y=1991}}
| [[Just 4 Fun (band)|Just 4 Fun]]
| [[Just 4 Fun (band)|Just 4 Fun]]
⚫
| Trad.
| "[[Santa Lucia]]"
| "[[Santa Lucia]]"
⚫
|Trad.
|-
|-
! scope="row" | 15
! scope="row" | 15
| {{Esc|Israel|y=1991}}
| {{Esc|Israel|y=1991}}
| [[Duo Datz]]
| [[Duo Datz]]
⚫
| [[Sergio Endrigo]] / [[Mary Hopkin]]
| "[[Lontano dagli occhi]]"
| "[[Lontano dagli occhi]]"
⚫
|[[Sergio Endrigo]] / [[Mary Hopkin]]
|-
|-
! scope="row" | 16
! scope="row" | 16
| {{Esc|Finland|y=1991}}
| {{Esc|Finland|y=1991}}
| [[Kaija Kärkinen]]
| [[Kaija Kärkinen]]
⚫
| [[Renato Carosone]]
| "{{ill|Maruzzella (song)|lt=Maruzzella|it|Maruzzella (brano musicale)}}"
| "{{ill|Maruzzella (song)|lt=Maruzzella|it|Maruzzella (brano musicale)}}"
⚫
|[[Renato Carosone]]
|-
|-
! scope="row" | 17
! scope="row" | 17
| {{Esc|Germany|y=1991}}
| {{Esc|Germany|y=1991}}
| [[Atlantis 2000]]
| [[Atlantis 2000]]
⚫
| [[Toto Cutugno]]
| "[[L'Italiano]]"
| "[[L'Italiano]]"
⚫
|[[Toto Cutugno]]
|-
|-
! scope="row" | 18
! scope="row" | 18
| {{Esc|Belgium|y=1991}}
| {{Esc|Belgium|y=1991}}
| [[Clouseau (band)|Clouseau]]
| [[Clouseau (band)|Clouseau]]
⚫
| [[Eros Ramazzotti]]
| "[[Musica è]]"
| "[[Musica è]]"
⚫
|[[Eros Ramazzotti]]
|-
|-
! scope="row" | 19
! scope="row" | 19
| {{Esc|Spain|y=1991}}
| {{Esc|Spain|y=1991}}
| [[Sergio Dalma]]
| [[Sergio Dalma]]
⚫
| [[Rocky Roberts]]
| "[[Sono tremendo]]"
| "[[Sono tremendo]]"
⚫
|[[Rocky Roberts]]
|-
|-
! scope="row" | 20
! scope="row" | 20
| {{Esc|United Kingdom|y=1991}}
| {{Esc|United Kingdom|y=1991}}
| [[Samantha Womack|Samantha Janus]]
| [[Samantha Womack|Samantha Janus]]
⚫
| [[Antonello Venditti]]
| "[[Ricordati di me]]"
| "[[Ricordati di me]]"
⚫
|[[Antonello Venditti]]
|-
|-
! scope="row" | 21
! scope="row" | 21
| {{Esc|Cyprus|1960|y=1991}}
| {{Esc|Cyprus|1960|y=1991}}
| [[Elena Patroklou]]
| [[Elena Patroklou]]
⚫
| [[Sergio Endrigo]]
| "[[Io che amo solo te]]"
| "[[Io che amo solo te]]"
⚫
|[[Sergio Endrigo]]
|-
|-
! scope="row" | 22
! scope="row" | 22
| {{Esc|Italy|y=1991}}
| {{Esc|Italy|y=1991}}
| colspan="2" | [[Peppino di Capri]]
| [[Peppino di Capri]]
| "[[Champagne (Peppino di Capri song)|Champagne]]"
| "[[Champagne (Peppino di Capri song)|Champagne]]"
|[[Peppino di Capri]]
|}
|}


Revision as of 11:37, 15 May 2021

Eurovision Song Contest 1991
Dates
Final4 May 1991
Host
VenueStudio 15 di Cinecittà
Rome, Italy
Presenter(s)Gigliola Cinquetti
Toto Cutugno
Musical directorBruno Canfora
Directed byRiccardo Donna
Executive supervisorFrank Naef
Executive producerSilvia Salvetti
Host broadcasterRadiotelevisione Italiana (RAI)
Websiteeurovision.tv/event/rome-1991 Edit this at Wikidata
Participants
Number of entries22
Debuting countriesNone
Returning countries Malta
Non-returning countries Netherlands
  • A coloured map of the countries of EuropeBelgium in the Eurovision Song Contest 1991Italy in the Eurovision Song Contest 1991Netherlands in the Eurovision Song ContestSwitzerland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1991Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 1991United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 1991Monaco in the Eurovision Song ContestLuxembourg in the Eurovision Song Contest 1991Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest 1991Ireland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1991Denmark in the Eurovision Song Contest 1991Finland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1991Norway in the Eurovision Song Contest 1991Portugal in the Eurovision Song Contest 1991Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 1991Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest 1991Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest 1991Malta in the Eurovision Song Contest 1991Austria in the Eurovision Song Contest 1991France in the Eurovision Song Contest 1991Turkey in the Eurovision Song Contest 1991Yugoslavia in the Eurovision Song Contest 1991Morocco in the Eurovision Song ContestCyprus in the Eurovision Song Contest 1991Iceland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1991
         Participating countries     Countries that participated in the past but not in 1991
Vote
Voting systemEach country awarded 12, 10, 8-1 point(s) to their 10 favourite songs
Winning song Sweden
"Fångad av en stormvind"
1990 ← Eurovision Song Contest → 1992

The Eurovision Song Contest 1991 was the 36th Eurovision Song Contest and was held on 4 May 1991 in Rome. Due to the Gulf War and mounting tensions in Yugoslavia, RAI decided to move the contest from Sanremo to Rome, which was perceived to be more secure.[1]

This was the last event in which the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia participated. The 1992 contest saw the participation of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (comprising only Serbia and Montenegro). It was also the first time that Germany was represented in their reunited form since the East Germany joined West Germany by the German reunification.

Carola was the winner of this Contest with the song "Fångad av en stormvind". This was the third victory for Sweden, after 1974 and 1984. There was a tie between Carola and France's Amina, as both had received 146 points. This necessitated a 'count-back', a tie-breaking measure introduced after the infamous four-way tie in 1969. Both Sweden and France had received four sets of 12 points, but Sweden had received five sets of 10 points to France's two, so Carola was declared the winner. Nowadays, rules establish that the country which has more points of more countries wins Eurovision, therefore France would have won the contest (France 18/22 vs. Sweden 17/22 votes of countries).

Location

class=notpageimage|
Location of Sanremo (the proposed host city) and the capital, Rome (the eventual host city).
Cinecittà, Rome – host venue of the 1991 contest.

The contest was originally scheduled to be held at Teatro Ariston in Sanremo, where the Sanremo Music Festival takes place annually. It was for the organisers to pay tribute to the Italian festival that inspired the creation of the Eurovision Song Contest. But following the invasion of Kuwait by Iraq and the outbreak of the Gulf War, the host broadcaster RAI decided in January 1991, to better ensure the security of foreign delegations, it would move the contest to Rome. This caused serious organisational problems and delays.[1]

Rome is the capital of Italy and a special comune (named Comune di Roma Capitale). Rome also serves as the capital of the Lazio region. Studio 15 of Cinecittà, a large film studio in Rome, was later confirmed as the new venue. With an area of 400,000 square metres, it is the largest film studio in Europe, and is considered the hub of Italian cinema. The studios were constructed during the Fascist era as part of a scheme to revive the Italian film industry.

Contest overview

The presenters were Gigliola Cinquetti and Toto Cutugno, who represented Italy when they won Eurovision in 1964 and 1990 respectively. Cutugno opened the contest singing Insieme: 1992, and Cinquetti performed Non ho l'età. Cutugno had some difficulty with the pronunciation of the song titles and names of the artists and conductors. Despite this, in Italy almost seven million people watched the show. In addition to tallying the vote numbers in English and French, Cinquetti and Cutugno gave each of the jury allotments in Italian as well.

Nearly all of the commentary during the voting was given in Italian, which is not an official language of the European Broadcasting Union (English and French are, and in the Eurovision Song Contest it is mandatory to provide commentary in at least one of those languages). The overall staging and production standard received considerable criticism afterwards, including for wasting time which saw the broadcast overshoot its scheduled time allotment and for the haphazard, casual and at times indecorous approach of the two presenters throughout but particularly during the voting, which saw Frank Neuf, the independent scrutineer of the European Broadcasting Union, being required to intervene in the process to an unprecedented level.

Sara Carlson gave the opening ceremony performance, titled Celebration, a mixture of modern dance in ancient settings of Ancient Rome. The performance featured Carlson singing, and a mixture of street dance and classical dance choreographed to popular sounding music of the time. At the time, Carlson had appeared numerous times on Italian TV, and this was seen as one of her largest audiences.

The Netherlands did not participate in this contest as it conflicted with the Remembrance of the Dead national holiday, and so Malta was allowed to participate in the Contest for the first time in 16 years, unable to before due to restrictions on the number of countries allowed to participate.

This is the last contest where the official logo is in a language other than English (here, it is in Italian). From 1992, the official logo of the Eurovision Song Contest remains in English.

Conductors

Each performance had a conductor who directed the orchestra.

Returning artists

Artist Country Previous year(s)
Thomas Forstner  Austria 1989
Stefán Hilmarsson (part of Stefán & Eyfi)  Iceland 1988 (part of Beathoven)
Eiríkur Hauksson (part of Just 4 Fun)  Norway 1986 (for  Iceland, as part of ICY)
Hanne Krogh (part of Just 4 Fun) 1971, 1985 (part of Bobbysocks!)
Carola  Sweden 1983

Results

Draw Country Artist Song Language[3][4] Place[5] Points
01  Yugoslavia Baby Doll "Brazil" (Бразил) Serbo-Croatian 21 1
02  Iceland Stefán & Eyfi "Nína" Icelandic 15 26
03  Malta Georgina & Paul Giordimaina "Could It Be" English 6 106
04  Greece Sophia Vossou "I anixi" (Η άνοιξη) Greek 13 36
05   Switzerland Sandra Simó "Canzone per te" Italian 5 118
06  Austria Thomas Forstner "Venedig im Regen" German 22 0
07  Luxembourg Sarah Bray "Un baiser volé" French 14 29
08  Sweden Carola "Fångad av en stormvind" Swedish 1 146
09  France Amina "C'est le dernier qui a parlé qui a raison" French 2 146
10  Turkey İzel Çeliköz, Reyhan Karaca & Can Uğurluer "İki Dakika" Turkish 12 44
11  Ireland Kim Jackson "Could It Be That I'm In Love" English 10 47
12  Portugal Dulce Pontes "Lusitana paixão" Portuguese 8 62
13  Denmark Anders Frandsen "Lige der hvor hjertet slår" Danish 19 8
14  Norway Just 4 Fun "Mrs. Thompson" Norwegian 17 14
15  Israel Duo Datz "Kan" (כאן) Hebrew 3 139
16  Finland Kaija Kärkinen "Hullu yö" Finnish 20 6
17  Germany Atlantis 2000 "Dieser Traum darf niemals sterben" German 18 10
18  Belgium Clouseau "Geef het op" Dutch 16 23
19  Spain Sergio Dalma "Bailar pegados" Spanish 4 119
20  United Kingdom Samantha Janus "A Message to Your Heart" English 10 47
21  Cyprus Elena Patroklou "SOS" Greek 9 60
22  Italy Peppino di Capri "Comme è ddoce 'o mare" Neapolitan 7 89

Voting structure

Each country had a jury who awarded 12, 10, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 point(s) for their top ten songs.

During the final vote (Italy) none of the top three contenders - Sweden, Israel and France - had received any points up until the last 12-point vote. This vote went to France and for the first time in twenty-two years, there was a tie for first place, with France overcoming a large deficit to catch up with Sweden. However, since the four-way tie of 1969, the rules had been altered to ensure a single outright winner. The first step in the procedure was to check the number of 12-point votes awarded to each country. Sweden and France were still tied. But when counting the number of 10-point votes, Sweden had more and was finally declared the winner.

Tiebreak results

Place Country Artist Points 12 points 10 points
1  Sweden Carola 146 4 5
2  France Amina 146 4 2

Scoreboard

Voting results[6]
Total score
Yugoslavia
Iceland
Malta
Greece
Switzerland
Austria
Luxembourg
Sweden
France
Turkey
Ireland
Portugal
Denmark
Norway
Israel
Finland
Germany
Belgium
Spain
United Kingdom
Cyprus
Italy
Contestants
 Yugoslavia 1 1
Iceland 26 4 10 5 7
Malta 106 1 2 6 4 10 12 2 7 12 7 6 10 4 6 7 10
Greece 36 4 5 2 1 1 4 1 1 5 10 2
Switzerland 118 5 5 7 8 12 8 4 2 2 6 5 3 8 5 6 12 8 8 4
Austria 0
Luxembourg 29 4 5 1 3 2 4 3 2 3 2
Sweden 146 6 12 10 10 7 6 3 10 12 8 10 8 12 10 4 12 6
France 146 10 7 3 8 7 12 5 7 5 12 12 10 8 7 8 6 7 12
Turkey 44 7 7 8 7 2 5 8
Ireland 47 3 4 3 1 8 4 7 1 2 2 5 4 3
Portugal 62 8 4 1 2 7 10 5 1 2 7 10 4 1
Denmark 8 3 5
Norway 14 6 1 1 2 4
Israel 139 12 10 8 5 8 5 6 3 12 8 4 10 7 6 8 12 10 5
Finland 6 1 1 4
Germany 10 6 1 3
Belgium 23 3 2 5 3 3 2 5
Spain 119 8 2 6 10 12 7 6 4 6 8 6 8 4 2 4 7 6 1 12
United Kingdom 47 10 3 5 6 3 1 1 3 5 3 1 6
Cyprus 60 2 3 12 12 4 12 5 3 6 1
Italy 89 7 2 6 2 8 10 10 12 10 3 12 7

12 points

Below is a summary of all 12 points in the final:

N. Contestant Nation(s) giving 12 points
4  France  Austria,  Israel,  Italy,  Norway
 Sweden  Denmark,  Germany,  Iceland,  United Kingdom
3  Cyprus  France,  Greece,  Malta
 Israel  Spain,  Turkey,  Yugoslavia
2  Italy  Finland,  Portugal
 Malta  Ireland,  Sweden
 Spain  Cyprus,   Switzerland
  Switzerland  Belgium,  Luxembourg

Postcards

The singers were asked to sing a known Italian song which would then be used as a short clip for the postcard. The songs were in order:

# Country Competing artist Song Original artist
01  Yugoslavia Baby Doll "Non ho l'età" Gigliola Cinquetti
02  Iceland Stefán & Eyfi "Se bastasse una canzone" Eros Ramazzotti
03  Malta Georgina & Paul Giordimaina "Questo piccolo grande amore" Claudio Baglioni
04  Greece Sophia Vossou "Caruso" Lucio Dalla
05   Switzerland Sandra Simó "Un'estate italiana" Edoardo Bennato and Gianna Nannini
06  Austria Thomas Forstner "Adesso tu" Eros Ramazzotti
07  Luxembourg Sarah Bray "Sarà perché ti amo" Ricchi e Poveri
08  Sweden Carola "Non voglio mica la luna" Fiordaliso
09  France Amina "La partita di Pallone" Rita Pavone
10  Turkey İzel Çeliköz, Reyhan Karaca & Can Uğurluer "Amore scusami" John Foster
11  Ireland Kim Jackson "Nel blu dipinto di blu" Domenico Modugno
12  Portugal Dulce Pontes "Dio, come ti amo" Domenico Modugno / Gigliola Cinquetti
13  Denmark Anders Frandsen "Nessun dorma" Giacomo Puccini
14  Norway Just 4 Fun "Santa Lucia" Trad.
15  Israel Duo Datz "Lontano dagli occhi" Sergio Endrigo / Mary Hopkin
16  Finland Kaija Kärkinen "Maruzzella [it]" Renato Carosone
17  Germany Atlantis 2000 "L'Italiano" Toto Cutugno
18  Belgium Clouseau "Musica è" Eros Ramazzotti
19  Spain Sergio Dalma "Sono tremendo" Rocky Roberts
20  United Kingdom Samantha Janus "Ricordati di me" Antonello Venditti
21  Cyprus Elena Patroklou "Io che amo solo te" Sergio Endrigo
22  Italy Peppino di Capri "Champagne" Peppino di Capri

Commentators and spokespersons

Spokespersons

Commentators

Television

Participating countries
Non-participating countries

Radio

Some participating countries did not provide radio broadcasts for the event; the ones who did are listed below.

National jury members

From this year, half of the members had to be music professionals.

  •  Turkey - Ümit Eroğlu (Turkish conductor at the 1990 and 1998 contests), Müjdat Akgün, Güneri Munzur, Durul Gence, Nejat Başeğmezler, Seda Bağcan, Taner Erdem, Göksan Arman
  •  Ireland – Danny Guinan, Anne Bushnell
  •  Portugal – Carlos Alberto Moniz (Portuguese conductor at the 1990 and 1992 contests), Thilo Krasmann (Portuguese conductor at the 1976, 1978, 1979, 1994, 1995 and 1997 contests)
  •  Denmark – Eli Berenthz
  •  Norway – Christine Holm, Julie Holm, Tine Smith, Jan Paul Brekke, Rune Arnesen, Nils Einar Vinjor, Kristin Skaare, Vibeke Wesenlund, Jean-Paul Choukroun, Gustavo Pollastri, Ragnhild Vaaler, Reidun Hansen, Kari Olstad, Erik Wesseltoft, Egil Storeide, Knut Reiersrud[31]
  •  Israel – Shaul Adar
  •  Finland – Raimo Henriksson, Maisa Kanerva, Jussi Saksa, Martin Brushane, Päivi Ahola, Anna-Mari Kähärä, Kalle Chydenius, Johanna Almark, Jorma Tulonen, Eino Lehtinen, Riitta Haapala, Timo Linnala, Jaana Lindholm, Harri Antikainen, Pauliina Pohjanheimo, Harri Salmi
  •  Germany - Jürgen Jürgens
  •  Belgium - Nelly Byl, Lou Roman, Patrick Hiketick, Rik Vervecken
  •  Spain – Antonio Sempere (primary school teacher and journalist), María Isabel Lloret (gymnast), Marcos Fernández (student), Celia Cosgaya (music student), Gabriel Jaraba (journalist), María Antonia Valls (journalist), Paco Clavel (artist), Salomé (singer, joint winner of the 1969 contest), Loles León (actress), Alfonso del Real (actor), María Casal (actress), Ricardo Cantalapiedra (journalist), Nuria Esther Martín (dancer), Jesús de Vega (doctor), María Eugenia Castellanos (public relations), Begoña Castro (dancer)[32]

References

  1. ^ a b West, Chris (2017). Eurovision!: A History of Modern Europe Through the World's Greatest Song Contest. Melville House UK. p. 112. ISBN 978-1911545552.
  2. ^ "Jón Ólafsson". andtheconductoris.eu. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  3. ^ "Eurovision Song Contest 1991". The Diggiloo Thrush. Retrieved 5 March 2012.
  4. ^ "Eurovision Song Contest 1991". 4Lyrics.eu. Retrieved 16 September 2020.
  5. ^ "Final of Rome 1991". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 18 April 2021.
  6. ^ "Results of the Final of Rome 1991". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 18 April 2021.
  7. ^ Times of Malta, 5 May 1991
  8. ^ "Εκφωνητές της ΕΡΤ για τις ψήφους της Ελλάδας στην EUROVISION - Page 3". Retromaniax.gr. Archived from the original on 2012-09-11. Retrieved 2012-08-10.
  9. ^ Baumann, Peter Ramón (OGAE Switzerland)
  10. ^ a b "Infosajten.com". Infosajten.com. Archived from the original on July 18, 2012. Retrieved 2012-08-10.
  11. ^ Zitrone, Léon et al. (May 4, 1991). 36ème Concours Eurovision de la Chanson 1991 [36th Eurovision Song Contest 1991] (Television production). Italy: RAI, Antenne 2 (commentary).
  12. ^ a b "Comentadores Do ESC - escportugalforum.pt.vu | o forum eurovisivo português". 21595.activeboard.com. Archived from the original on April 21, 2012. Retrieved 2012-08-10.
  13. ^ Dyrseth, Seppo (OGAE Norway)
  14. ^ "פורום אירוויזיון". Sf.tapuz.co.il. 1999-09-13. Archived from the original on October 8, 2011. Retrieved 2012-08-10.
  15. ^ "Selostajat ja taustalaulajat läpi vuosien? • Viisukuppila". Viisukuppila.fi. Retrieved 2012-08-10.
  16. ^ "ESC 1991 Belgian Votes by An Ploegaerts and a jumping Carola". YouTube. 2011-04-13. Retrieved 2012-08-10.
  17. ^ "María Ángeles Balañac". Imdb.es. 2009-05-01. Archived from the original on 2012-03-12. Retrieved 2012-08-10.
  18. ^ a b Savvidis, Christos (OGAE Cyprus)
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