Ethnic minorities in Bangladesh: Difference between revisions
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The '''[[indigenous peoples]]''' of '''[[Bangladesh]]''' |
The '''[[indigenous peoples]]''' of '''[[Bangladesh]]''' refer to the [[native]] [[Minority|ethnic minorities]] of the [[Chittagong Hill Tracts|southeastern]], [[Rajshahi Division|northwestern]], [[Mymensingh District|north-central]] and [[Sylhet Division|northeastern]] regions of the country, including the [[Chittagong Hill Tracts]], [[Sylhet Division]], [[Rajshahi Division]] and [[Mymensingh District|Mymensingh District]]. The ethnic minority population in these regions was estimated to be over 2 million in 2010.<ref>http://www.minorityrights.org/?lid=5632</ref> They compromise of diverse ethnic communities including [[Australoid race|Australoid]], [[Tibeto-Burman]] and [[Sino-Tibetan]] races. The indigenous peoples of the Chittagong Hill Tracts are sometimes collectively termed as the ''[[Jummas]]'', whereas the tribal and aboriginal population on the plains are often known as the ''[[Adivasis]]''. |
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==Recent population== |
==Recent population== |
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Revision as of 06:25, 6 August 2013
The indigenous peoples of Bangladesh refer to the native ethnic minorities of the southeastern, northwestern, north-central and northeastern regions of the country, including the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Sylhet Division, Rajshahi Division and Mymensingh District. The ethnic minority population in these regions was estimated to be over 2 million in 2010.[1] They compromise of diverse ethnic communities including Australoid, Tibeto-Burman and Sino-Tibetan races. The indigenous peoples of the Chittagong Hill Tracts are sometimes collectively termed as the Jummas, whereas the tribal and aboriginal population on the plains are often known as the Adivasis.
Recent population
The primary census report of 2011 illustrates that total ethnic population group of Bangladesh is 27. The 1st is Chakma consited 4,44,748 people while the Marma, the second largest ethnic group compares with 2,02,974 person.
The Chakmas
The Chakmas are the largest tribe of Bangladesh. The Chakmas are of mixed origin but reflect more Bengali influence than any other tribe. The Chakmas generally lived in the highland valleys. Most Chakmas are Buddhists, but some practice Hinduism or animism.
The Chakmas ( Chakma or ), also known as the Changma (চাংমা), are a community that inhabits the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh and the North-East India. The Chakmas are the largest ethnic group in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, making up more than half the tribal population. Chakmas are divided into 46 clans or Gozas. The Chakma has their own language, custom, culture, and profess Theravada Buddhism. The chakmas are so good in heritage and culture and found mostly in India and Bangladesh and have their own script.and some chakmas population are inhabiting in china and Burma(mayanmar) and also in Thailand.
The Marmas
The Marmas are of Burmese (Myanmar) ancestry. The Marmas regarded Burma (Myanmar) as the center of their cultural life. Members of the Marma tribe dislike the more widely used term Maghs, which had come to mean pirates. The Marmas also live in the highland valleys. Although several religions, including Islam, are represented among the Marmas, nearly all of the Marmas are Buddhists.
Santals
Garos
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Manipuri
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The Tripura
The Tripura are one of the Indingenous Peoples living both in the plain land and the CHT in Bangladesh. during the partition of the India subcontinent the princely state of Tripura were not marged neither in India nor Pakistan. However, Tripura Kingdom were marged in 1949 with the India through the Marger agreement. The peoples of Tripura both Bangladehs and Indian Tripura State shared common culture, history, tradition, history and way of livelihoods. their languages are called Kokborok. there are more than one million peoples are speak this languages.
The Tanchangya
The Tanchangya (তঞ্চংগ্যা) people are an indigenous people in southeastern Bangladesh. There are 13 indigenous ethnic communities living in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) among the 45 ethnic communities in Bangladesh. ‘Tanchangya’ is the one of them. The word “Tong” means Hill and “Taugya” means Jhum (Hilltop Sweden cultivation). So, the word Tanchangya means Hill Sweden farmer. Arakanese Tanchangyas are also known as “Doingnak”. Tanchangyas are the 5th largest indigenous ethnic community in CHT. There are many peoples who imaging that Tanchangya are the sub-tribe of Chakma community. In 1869 DC of CHT Mr. Lewin renamed Tanchangyas as the sub-tribe of Chakma and he wrote spelling “Toungjynya”. The Tanchangya living in the present Cox’s Bazar district are identified as Chakma. They call themselves as Chakma and their Bengalee neighbors also know them as Chakma. But for many specific characteristics Tanchangya community became as one of the separate ethnic community and after a long term continuous demand for separate identity of Tanchangyas community the Govt. recognized Tanchangyas as a separate community in 1989 (Rupayan Dewan; Jhum). Anthropologically Tanchangya belong to the Mongoloid group.
Tanchangya peoples have been living in CHT since its prehistoric age. Nowadays Tanchangya peoples live in Rangamati, Bandarban, Roisyabili & Sadhikyabili (Chittagong district), Ukhia and Teknaf (Cox’s bazaar district) areas of the Bangladesh. Tanchangyas also live in North-east Indian states (Assam, Tripura and Mizoram) and Rakhine State of the Myanmar. Most of Tanchangyas live in reserve forest of CHT but in 10 April’2000 Govt declared new Forest law named “The forest (Amendment) Act; 2000”, according to this act “Cultivation & preparation of cultivation on reserve forest land are illegal. The survival of these areas peoples becomes difficult for this act.
There are also confusion about the numbers and spelling of Tanchangyas. This is because of the ignorance and shallow knowledge of writers and researchers. So, it is very difficult to examine exact numbers and spelling of Tanchangyas. According to census of 2001 the number of Tanchangya 31,164 in CHT (source: solidarity2002, Bangladesh Adivasi Forum).
Tanchangya community consists of about 12 Gasha (W.W. Hunter wrote: Goza or clan). But in Bangladesh there are seven Gosha. These are (1) Karua Gosha (2) Dunya Gosha (3) Mou Gosha (4) Mongla Gosha (5) Lambacha Gosha (6) Millong Gosha (7) Ongya Gosha (Hunter; 1876). Tanchangyas communicate each other by using their own language. Where as Tanchangya language consists of Pali, Prakrit and ancient Bengali. And Tanchangys also has their own alphabets.
The Mros (Mrus or Moorangs).
The Mros are considered the original inhabitants of the Chittagong Hills. They lived on valleys and often fortified their villages. They had no written language of their own, but some could read the Burmese and Bangla scripts. Most of them claimed to be Buddhists, but their religious practices were largely animistic.
Other tribes
There are some other tribal groups in other parts of the country. Santals are inhabitants of Rajshahi and Dinajpur. Khasis, Garos, and Khajons in Mymensingh and Sylhet regions.
Different tribal groups differed in their social organization, marriage customs, foods, birth and death and other social customs from the people of the rest of the country. They have somehow managed to resist centuries of colonization and in the process have retained their own customs, traditions and life. Bangladesh also has the Mughal Tribe. Some people of Chittagong have Arab, Afghan and Portuguese ancestry. They are known as Chittagongi people.
References
This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA. (Archived 2006 edition.)- This article incorporates public domain material from U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets. United States Department of State.
