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Gurgaon

Coordinates: 28°27′22″N 77°01′44″E / 28.456°N 77.029°E / 28.456; 77.029
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This article is about the city. For the district, see Gurgaon district.
Not to be confused with Garhgaon.

Gurgaon
City
Gurugram
DLF Gateway Tower
Gurgaon Skyline
from top: DLF Gateway Tower, Gurgaon city Skyline
Nickname: 
Millennium city
Gurgaon is located in Haryana
Gurgaon
Gurgaon
Location of Gurgaon in Haryana
Gurgaon is located in India
Gurgaon
Gurgaon
Gurgaon (India)
Coordinates: 28°27′22″N 77°01′44″E / 28.456°N 77.029°E / 28.456; 77.029
Country India
StateHaryana
DistrictGurgaon district
Government
 • BodyMunicipal Corporation of Gurugram
 • MayorMadhu Azad
 • MLAUmesh Aggarwal
 • Lok Sabha constituencyGurgaon Lok Sabha Constituency
 • Vidhan Sabha constituencyGurgaon City
 • Planning agencyHaryana Urban Development Authority
Area
 • Total282.7 sq mi (732 km2)
Elevation
711.9 ft (217 m)
Population
 (2011)[1]
 • Total876,824
 • Density3,100/sq mi (1,200/km2)
Languages
 • OfficialHindi
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
122xxx
Area code0124
Vehicle registrationHR-26 (City)
HR-55 (Commercial)
HR-72 (Sohna )
HR-76 Pataudi (Gurgaon)
Websitegurgaon.gov.in

Gurgaon (officially known as Gurugram) is a city in the Indian state of Haryana and is part of the National Capital Region of India. It is 32 kilometres (20 mi) southwest of New Delhi and 268 km (167 mi) south of Chandigarh, the state capital. As of 2011, Gurgaon had a population of 876,824.[1] Witnessing rapid urbanisation, Gurgaon has become a leading financial and industrial hub with the third-highest per capita income in India.[2] The city's economic growth story started when the leading Indian automobile manufacturer Maruti Suzuki India Limited established a manufacturing plant in Gurgaon in the 1970s.[3] Today, Gurgaon has local offices for more than 250 Fortune 500 companies.[4]

Etymology

The land came to be known as Gurugram (Sanskrit: गुरुग्राम, lit. village of the Guru) which over time became Gurgaon (गुड़गाँव).[citation needed] The village still exists within the modern-day city, and is known as Gurgaon Village.

On 12 April 2016, Chief Minister of Haryana Manohar Lal Khattar announced a proposal to officially rename the city Gurugram, subject to the approval of the Haryana cabinet and the Union Government. He argued that the new name would help to preserve the "rich heritage" of the city by emphasising its history and association with Dronacharya.[5][6][7] On 27 September 2016, Manohar Lal Khattar officially announced that the Union Government had approved the name change, and thus the city and district would henceforth be known as Gurugram.[8]

Despite the official renaming, "Gurgaon" has still remained in colloquial use throughout the city. While some entities do publicly use "Gurugram", a large number of businesses have continued to use "Gurgaon" in their addresses or signage.[9]

History

During Akbar's reign, Gurugram fell within the governing regions of Delhi and Agra. As the Mughal Empire started to decline, Gurgaon was torn between contending powers. By 1803, most of it came under British rule, through the treaty of Surji Arjungaon with Sindhia. The town was first occupied by the cavalry unit posted to watch the army of Begum Samru of Sirdhana. It became part of the district, which was divided into units called parganas. These units were given to petty chiefs as reward for their military service. Eventually, these units came under the direct control of the British, with the last major administrative change in 1836. After the Revolt of 1857, the district was transferred from the North-Western Provinces to Punjab Province. In 1861, the district, of which Gurugram was a part, was rearranged into five tehsils: Gurgaon, Ferozepur Jhirka, Nuh, Palwal and Rewari[10] with the modern-day city coming under the control of Gurgaon tehsil. In 1947, Gurgaon became part of independent India, as part of the Indian state of Punjab. In 1966, the city came under the administration of the newly-created state of Haryana.

Geography

Gurgaon is located in Gurgaon district in the Indian state of Haryana and is situated in the southeastern part of the state, and northern part of the country. The city is located on the border with Delhi with New Delhi to its northeast. The city has a total area of 738.8 square kilometres (285.3 sq mi)[11]

Topography

The average land elevation is 217 metres (712 ft) above sea level.[12]

Climate

Under the Köppen climate classification, Gurgaon experiences a monsoon-influenced Composite climate .[13] The city experiences four distinct seasons - spring (February - March), summer (April - August), fall/autumn (September - October) and winter (November - January), along with the monsoon season setting in towards the latter half of the summer. Summers, from early April to mid-October, are typically hot and humid, with an average daily June high temperature of 40 °C (104 °F). The season experiences heat indices easily breaking 43 °C (109 °F). Winters are cold and foggy with few sunny days, and with a December daytime average of 3 °C (37 °F). The Western Disturbance brings some rain in winters that further adds to the chill. Spring and autumn are mild and pleasant seasons with low humidity. The monsoon season usually starts in the first week of July and continues till August. Thunderstorms are not uncommon during the Monsoon. The average annual rainfall is approximately 714 millimetres (28.1 in).[13]

Climate data for Gurgaon
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 21.1
(70.0) 		24.2
(75.6) 		30.0
(86.0) 		36.2
(97.2) 		39.6
(103.3) 		39.3
(102.7) 		35.1
(95.2) 		33.3
(91.9) 		33.9
(93.0) 		32.9
(91.2) 		28.3
(82.9) 		23.0
(73.4) 		31.4
(88.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 7.3
(45.1) 		10.1
(50.2) 		15.4
(59.7) 		21.5
(70.7) 		25.9
(78.6) 		28.3
(82.9) 		26.6
(79.9) 		25.9
(78.6) 		24.4
(75.9) 		19.5
(67.1) 		12.8
(55.0) 		8.2
(46.8) 		18.8
(65.8)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 20.3
(0.80) 		15.0
(0.59) 		15.8
(0.62) 		6.7
(0.26) 		17.5
(0.69) 		54.9
(2.16) 		231.5
(9.11) 		258.7
(10.19) 		127.8
(5.03) 		36.3
(1.43) 		5.0
(0.20) 		7.8
(0.31) 		797.3
(31.39)
Average rainy days 1.7 1.3 1.2 0.9 1.4 3.6 10.0 11.3 5.4 1.6 0.1 0.6 39.1
Mean monthly sunshine hours 213.9 217.5 238.7 261.0 263.5 198.0 167.4 176.7 219.0 269.7 246.0 217.0 2,688.4
[citation needed]

Demographics

The Gurgaon municipal corporation area has an estimated population of 876,824, according to the 2011 Census of India.[1]

Cityscape

Architecture

Cyber Green Building

Gurgaon has architecturally noteworthy buildings in a wide range of styles and from distinct time periods. Gurgaon's skyline with its many skyscrapers is nationally recognised, and the city has been home to several tall buildings with modern planning. Gurgaon has an estimated 1,100 residential highrises.[14] The average cost of a 93-square-metre (1,000 sq ft) two-bedroom apartment at a decent condominium in Gurgaon is at least $160,130 (₹10,000,000).[14]

Neighbourhoods

Essel Towers, Gurgaon

Gurgaon is divided into 36 wards, with each ward further divided into blocks. The housing type in the city consists largely of attached housing, though a large number of attached multi-dwelling units, including apartments, condominiums and high rise residential towers are getting popular. The top five condominiums in the city, as rated by The Times of India, are: Aralias, Hamilton Court, The World Spa, Gurgaon One and Raheja Atlantis.[15]

Parks

Gurgaon has a complex park system, with various lands operated by the Haryana Urban Development Authority. The key parks are Leisure Valley Park in Sector 29, which is spread over 15 hectares (36 acres); Tau Devi Lal Biodiversity Botanical Garden in Sector 52; Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Park in Sector 14, popularly known as HUDA Garden; Tau Devi Lal park in Sector 23; and Aravali Biodiversity Park on MG Road. However, most of the parks in Gurgaon are small and ill-maintained.[16]

Culture

Entertainment and performing arts

Kingdom of Dreams

Notable performing art venues in the city include Epicentre in Sector 44 and Nautanki Mehal at the Kingdom of Dreams near IFFCO Chowk. Bollywood actor Rajkummar Rao was born in Gurgaon.

Languages and dialect

The main language spoken in Gurgaon is Hindi, though a segment of the population understands and speaks English. The dialect used in Hindi is similar to that of Delhi, and is considered neutral, though the regional influences from the states of Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Punjab adds an accent to the language. English is spoken with an Indian accent, with a primarily North Indian influence. Since Gurgaon has a large number of international call centres, the employees are usually given formal training in neutral pronunciation in order to be understandable to native English speakers. Haryanvi and Punjabi are other popular languages spoken in the city. The other regional languages include Mewati and Haryanvi.[17][18]

Religion

Hinduism is a predominant religion among the city's population. Gurgaon also includes adherents of Sikhism, Islam, Buddhism, Jainism, Christianity and the Bahá'í, among others. There are several places of worship for major religions in Gurgaon, including mandirs, gurdwaras, mosques and churches.

Sheetla Mata Mandir is a famous temple located in Village Gurgaon Gaon district Gurgaon of Haryana state of India. It is a temple dedicated to the wife of Guru Dronacharya.[19] The temple hosts fairs regularly and huge number of people come to seek blessings of Sheetla Mata every year.

Sports

The city has two major sports stadiums: Tau Devi Lal Stadium in Sector 38, which has facilities for cricket, football, basketball and athletics as well as a sports hostel, and Nehru Stadium which is designed for football and athletics. Amity United FC is a tenant of Tau Devi Lal Stadium. Gurgaon district has nine golf courses, and is described as the "heart of India's golfing country".[20] Joginder Rao, a domestic cricket player was from Gurgaon.

Economy

A commercial area in the DLF Cyber City.
File:Gurugram.jpg
Commercial area in Gurugram

Gurgaon has the highest per-capita income in India,[2][21] and is the site of Indian offices for half of Fortune 500 companies. The city also benefits from its close proximity to Delhi. Maruti Suzuki Private Limited was the first company that set up a manufacturing unit in the city in 1970s making cars.[3] Eventually, DLF Limited, a real estate company acquired vast stretches of land in the city. The first major American brand to set up a unit in Gurgaon was General Electric in 1997. GE's setup in Gurgaon prompted other companies, both international as well as domestic, to follow suit.[22] providing outsourcing solutions in software, IT, service and sales through delivery facilities and call centres. However, due to the lack of proper public transport and the inability of most of the employees to afford a personal vehicle, most of the call centres provide pooled-in cars to and from their offices.[22] Apart from Business process outsourcing and IT sectors, the city is home to several other companies that specialise in domain expertise. Siemens Industry Software, in Gurugram Business Park, made a portfolio of design software that was used by NASA to digitally design, simulate and assemble the vehicle before any physical prototypes were built.[22] Various international companies, including Coca-Cola, Pepsi, BMW, Agilent Technologies, ((Hyundai)) have chosen Gurugram to be their Indian corporate headquarters.[22] All the major companies in the city depend on their own backup, given the fact that Gurgaon does not have reliable power and water supply, public transport and utilities. Retail is an important industry in Gurgaon, with the presence of 26 shopping malls.[23] Real estate is a major force in the city's economy. Gurgaon is home to some of the nation's most valuable real estate.[citation needed]

All Nippon Airways, a Japanese airline, maintains its Delhi sales office in the Time Tower in Gurgaon.[24]

Law and government

Gurgaon is governed by the Municipal Corporation of Gurugram which follows a Mayor-Council system.[25]

Crime

The law and order situation in Gurgaon is below par and has been deteriorating for the past few years with a sharp increase in the number of homicides, rapes and thefts. The city reported 89 homicides in 2012. Another growing concern is an increase in the number of rapes, robberies, assaults, burglaries, and thefts, including motor vehicle thefts. The total vehicle thefts registered by the police in Gurgaon in 2014 was 3,638.[26]

The police department in Gurgaon is headed by the Commissioner of Police - Gurugram Police, which forms a part of the Haryana Police.[27] and reports to the Haryana state government. Sandeep Khirwar (IPS) is the Commissioner of Police in Gurgaon. Gurugram Police has a separate traffic police department headquartered in sector 51.[28] Fire protection within the city limits is provided by Municipal Corporation of Gurugram through four fire stations, located in sector 29, sector 37, Udyog Vihar and Bhim Nagar.[29]

Education

See also: List of educational institutions in Gurgaon
ITM Campus (now The Northcap university) in Gurgaon
Heritage Xperiential Learning School
Heritage Xperiential Learning School

The city's public school system is managed by the government of Haryana, and administered by Haryana Board of School Education.

There are several universities and institutes located in Gurgaon and the surrounding area, including Ansal Institute of Technology; ITM University, Sector 23A; GD Goenka University, Sohna Road; KR Mangalam University, Sohna Road; Amity University, Gurgaon, Manesar; Apeejay Stya University, Sohna; BML Munjal University, NH8; Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Budhera;[30] and National Brain Research Centre, Manesar.

Transport

Roadways

Delhi Gurgaon Expressway

The major highway that links Gurgaon is National Highway 8, the road that runs from Delhi to Mumbai. While the 27.7-kilometre (17.2 mi) Delhi-Gurgaon border-Kherki Dhaula stretch has been developed as an expressway, the rest is expanded to six lanes.[31]

Railways

Intercity rail

Gurgaon railway station operated by Northern Railway of Indian Railways. The rail station that forms a part of the larger Indian railways network.

Delhi Metro

HUDA City Centre metro station on the Yellow Line of Delhi Metro

There are five stations served by Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. located on the Yellow Line, which are HUDA City Centre, IFFCO Chowk, MG Road, Sikanderpur and Guru Droncharya.

Rapid Metro

File:Ggnm.jpg
Rapid Metro station near Phase 2.

Rapid Metro has eleven stations in Gurgaon, with an interchange with Yellow Line of Delhi Metro at Sikandarpur metro station. The Rapid Metro became operational in November 2013 and currently covers a distance of 11.7 kilometres (7.3 mi).[32] One more phase of the project are in the pipeline and would take the total number of subway stations in the city to 16. An estimated 33,000 people ride Rapid Metro everyday, which provides an exclusive elevated transit service with three coach trains that run in a loop.[33]

Airways

Airport

Gurgaon is served by Delhi's Indira Gandhi International Airport, which is located just outside of Gurgaon city limits near National Highway 8.

Transit systems

Public transit

In November, 2013, Gurgaon launched an Ciclovia-inspired initiative known as Raahgiri Day—in which a corridor of streets are closed to motor vehicle traffic on Sunday mornings to encourage the use of non-motorized transport and participation in outdoor leisure activities. Gurgaon was the first city in India to implement such a program, followed by New Delhi, and later Noida.[34][35][36]

Gurgaon is also expected to get India's first Pod Taxis.[37]

Tourism

Below is the list of tourist places in Gurgaon

Utilities

Electricity in Gurgaon is provided by government-owned Dakshin Haryana Bijli Vitran Nigam. Gurgaon has power consumer base of 360,000 with average power load of 700-800 MW.[38] There are frequent power outages in the city, especially during the peak consumption season of summer. Apart from the power deficit, the equipment used by the power department like transformers, panels and transmission lines is either old or overburdened.[39]

Issues

Flooding

Gurgaon is notorious for its urban floods every monsoon.[40] The areas on NH-8 around Hero Honda Chowk, Basai, Dhankot, sector 37 etc. see massive urban floods and headlines grabbing traffic jams reported widely in news media. A recent research report puts the blame on the broken natural water body linkage and obstructions in the flow in the city due to frantic construction during the last decades.[41]

Gurgaon’s Ghata Jheel, Badshahpur Jheel, Khandsa Talab were linked to Najafgarh drain which links to Yamuna river, via natural water channels and drains.[41]

As per the ground reports and research, the three natural water bodies are struggling for their existence with encroachments on their lands and natural channels. Agencies responsible have tried to create artificial water bodies to compensate,[42] but the efforts fail due to unpredictable rain and water flow patterns leading to deployment of water pumps to fight the situation.

In 2012 Punjab & Haryana High court banned ground water usage for construction activity,[43] and NGT has recently reprimanded authorities for drain concretization.[44]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "Cities having population 1 lakh and above, Census 2011" (PDF). censusindia.gov.in.|accessdate=5 July 2015}}
  2. ^ a b Julka, Harsimran (30 September 2011). "IT firms looking beyond Gurgaon, Noida, Greater Noida to other cities in north India". The Economic Times. ET Bureau. Retrieved 2 October 2013.
  3. ^ a b Kumar, K.P. Narayana. "Gurgaon: How not to Build a City". Forbesindia.com. Retrieved 2 October 2013.
  4. ^ "Jat stir shakes India Inc". Retrieved 22 February 2016.
  5. ^ "Gurgaon is now 'Gurugram', Mewat renamed Nuh: Haryana government". The Indian Express. 12 April 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
  6. ^ "Welcome to the new office of Gurugram police commissioner". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 5 May 2016.
  7. ^ "Gurgaon: The city whose middle name is paradox". The Times of India. Retrieved 12 July 2016.
  8. ^ "Good morning, Gurugram. The name's official". The Times of India. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
  9. ^ "A year after renaming, 'Gurgaon' still lives on - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 10 November 2017.
  10. ^ "History of Gurgaon". Municipal Corporation, Gurgaon. Retrieved 2 October 2013.
  11. ^ "Demographics". Municipal Corporation, Gurgaon.
  12. ^ "GGN/Gurgaon(3)". India Rail Info. Retrieved 2 October 2013.
  13. ^ a b "Travel Info". The Metropolitan Hotel and Spa New Delhi. Retrieved 2 October 2013.
  14. ^ a b Anand, Deevakar (10 May 2013). "Gurgaon's better than Delhi, but way behind Shanghai". Retrieved 3 October 2013.
  15. ^ "Home is where the heart is". TNN. 19 March 2014. Retrieved 19 March 2014.
  16. ^ "How green was Gurgaon's parks". The Times of India. TNN. 30 December 2011. Retrieved 2 October 2013.
  17. ^ "Culture and Languages". Stay IN Gurgaon.com. Stay IN Gurgaon.com. Archived from the original on 27 July 2014. Retrieved 20 July 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  18. ^ "Travel Info". Hotel Sun Villa. Archived from the original on 28 July 2014. Retrieved 20 July 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  19. ^ "http://sheetlamatagurgaon.com/sheetla-eng/About.aspx". sheetlamatagurgaon.com. Retrieved 1 March 2016. {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help)
  20. ^ Singh, Prabhdev. "Golf courses in Gurgaon". HT Media. Live Mint. Retrieved 3 May 2015.
  21. ^ "UK minister inaugurates business centre in Gurgaon". The Times of India. TNN. 20 September 2013. Retrieved 3 October 2013.
  22. ^ a b c d Kannan, Shilpa. "Gurgaon: From fields to global tech hub". BBC News. Retrieved 4 October 2013.
  23. ^ "Gurgaon as IT outsourcing hub". Amit Arun and Associates. Retrieved 5 October 2013.
  24. ^ "Contact ANA." ANA India. Retrieved on July 9, 2016. "Unit No.302 & 303, 3rd floor, Time Tower, Sector 28, MGRoad, Gurgaon 122 002 India" - See map "Time Tower 3rd floor"
  25. ^ Joseph, Joel (22 June 2011). "Gurgaon gets first mayor after month's wait". The Times of India. TNN. Retrieved 5 October 2013.
  26. ^ Behl, Abhishek (20–26 February 2015). "Your car could be next". No. Guragaon. 'Friday Gurgaon. FG. Retrieved 26 February 2015.
  27. ^ "Gurgaon Police". Gurgaon Police, Govt. of Haryana. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  28. ^ "Gurgaon police". Gurgaon Police, Govt. of Haryana.
  29. ^ "Gurgaon's fourth fire station opens in Udyog Vihar". Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. TNN. 16 April 2012. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  30. ^ "Universities & Colleges". University Grants Commission. Retrieved 11 October 2013.
  31. ^ Dash, Dipak Kumar (7 December 2012). "NH8 stretch on Delhi-Gurgaon border is India's deadliest road". The Times of India. TNN. Retrieved 11 October 2013.
  32. ^ Joseph, Joel (13 November 2013). "From tomorrow, Gurgaon will finally have its Rapid Metro". The Times of India. TNN. Retrieved 13 November 2013.
  33. ^ ASHOK, SOWMIYA (16 June 2014). "Are Gurgaon residents game for a smooth ride on the Rapid Metro?". The Hindu. Retrieved 18 June 2014.
  34. ^ "New area in Gurgaon to have 'Raahgiri Day'". Business Standard. IANS. 27 February 2014. Retrieved 17 March 2014.
  35. ^ fwire (27 February 2014). "New area in Gurgaon to have 'Raahgiri Day'". Firstpost. IANS. Retrieved 28 November 2014.
  36. ^ "Raahgiri: Less honking, more bonding — How Gurgaon showed the way". Times of India. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
  37. ^ "India's First Pod Taxis Are Coming Up In Gurgaon And The Rs 850 Crore Project Begins Next Month". Retrieved 12 December 2016.
  38. ^ "Essar withdraws application for distribution licence in Gurgaon". PTI. 22 October 2013. Retrieved 25 October 2013.
  39. ^ "Night-long outage in Old Gurgaon as transformer trips on demand". The Times of India. TNN. 24 May 2014. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
  40. ^ "Traffic nightmare in Gurgaon; waterlogging on NH8 hits Delhi-Jaipur route, schools shut". Zee News. 29 July 2016. Retrieved 16 February 2017.
  41. ^ a b "Why Gurgaon Floods, a report on watershed management and imminent dangers the city faces". Why Gurgaon Floods, a report on watershed management and imminent dangers the city faces. (in Hindi). 11 July 2016. Retrieved 16 February 2017.
  42. ^ "Huda to speed up construction of additional discharge drain under service road of NH-8 - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 16 February 2017.
  43. ^ "Gurgaon builders left high and dry". Retrieved 16 February 2017.
  44. ^ "NGT seeks report on drawbacks and impact of concretization of natural drains". http://www.hindustantimes.com/. 1 February 2017. Retrieved 16 February 2017. {{cite news}}: External link in |newspaper= (help)

Further reading

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