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10th United States Congress

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10th United States Congress
9th ←
→ 11th
United States Capitol (1800)
March 4, 1807 – March 4, 1809
Members34 senators
142 representatives
3 non-voting delegates
Senate majorityDemocratic-Republican
Senate PresidentGeorge Clinton
House majorityDemocratic-Republican
House SpeakerJoseph Bradley Varnum
Sessions
1st: October 26, 1807 – April 25, 1808
2nd: November 7, 1808 – March 3, 1809

The Tenth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1807, to March 4, 1809, during the seventh and eighth years of Thomas Jefferson's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Second Census of the United States in 1800. Both chambers had an overwhelming Democratic-Republican majority.

Major events

Main articles: 1807 in the United States, 1808 in the United States, and 1809 in the United States
President of the Senate George Clinton
President pro tempore
Stephen R. Bradley
Speaker of the House
Joseph B. Varnum

Major legislation

Main article: List of United States federal legislation § 10th United States Congress

Territories organized

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate

Party
(shading shows control) 		Total Vacant
Democratic-
Republican
(DR) 		Federalist
(F)
End of previous congress 27 7 34 0
Begin 28 6 34 0
End
Final voting share 82.4% 17.6%
Beginning of next congress 26 7 33 0

House of Representatives

Party
(shading shows control) 		Total Vacant
Democratic-
Republican
(DR) 		Federalist
(F)
End of previous congress 113 28 141 1
Begin 115 25 140 2
End 27 1420
Final voting share 81.0% 19.0%
Beginning of next congress 95 47 142 0

Leadership

Senate

House of Representatives

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 Senators' terms ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1808; Class 2 Senators' terms began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1810; and Class 3 Senators' terms began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1812.

House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

See also: United States House of Representatives elections, 1806

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

There were 5 resignations, 2 deaths, and 1 interim appointment. Neither party had a net change.

See also: List of special elections to the United States Senate

Template:Ordinal US Congress Senate

|- | Georgia
(2) | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Abraham Baldwin (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Died March 4, 1807.
Temporary successor appointed August 27, 1807, to continue the term. | style="background-color:#AACC99" | George Jones (DR) | August 27, 1807

|- | Connecticut
(3) | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | Uriah Tracy (F) | style="font-size:80%" | Died July 19, 1807.
Successor elected October 25, 1807, to finish the term. | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | Chauncey Goodrich (F) | October 25, 1807

|- | Rhode Island
(2) | style="background-color:#AACC99" | James Fenner (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned September, 1807 to become Governor of Rhode Island.
Successor elected to finish the term. | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Elisha Mathewson (DR) | October 26, 1807

|- | Vermont
(1) | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Israel Smith (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned October 1, 1807, to become Governor of Vermont.
Successor elected to finish the term. | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Jonathan Robinson (DR) | October 10, 1807

|- | Georgia
(2) | style="background-color:#AACC99" | George Jones (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Successor elected November 7, 1807, to finish the term, in place of a temporary appointee. | style="background-color:#AACC99" | William H. Crawford (DR) | November 7, 1807

|- | Ohio
(1) | style="background-color:#AACC99" | John Smith (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned April 25, 1808.
Successor appointed to finish the term ending March 4, 1809. | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Return J. Meigs, Jr. (DR) | December 12, 1808

|- | Massachusetts
(1) | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | John Quincy Adams (F) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned June 8, 1808, having broken with his party and lost re-election to the next term.
Winner elected to finish the term, having already won election to the next term. | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | James Lloyd (F) | June 9, 1808

|- | Pennsylvania
(1) | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Samuel Maclay (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned January 4, 1809, believing he would lose re-election.
Winner was elected to finish the term, having already won election to the next term. | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Michael Leib (DR) | January 9, 1809

|}

House of Representatives

Of the voting members, there were 4 resignations, 4 deaths, and 2 vacancies from the beginning of this Congress. Democratic-Republicans had no net change and Federalists picked up 2 seats.


Main article: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives

Template:Ordinal US Congress Rep

|- | South Carolina
6th | Vacant | style="font-size:80%" | Levi Casey (DR) died before the end of the preceding Congress | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Joseph Calhoun (DR) | Seated June 2, 1807 |- | Delaware
At-large | Vacant | style="font-size:80%" | James M. Broom (F) resigned before the beginning of this Congress | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | Nicholas Van Dyke (F) | Seated October 6, 1807 |- | Massachusetts
12th | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Barnabas Bidwell (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned July 13, 1807, after becoming Attorney General of Massachusetts | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Ezekiel Bacon (DR) | Seated September 16, 1807 |- | North Carolina
7th | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | John Culpepper (F) | style="font-size:80%" | Seat declared vacant January 2, 1808 | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | John Culpepper (F) | Seated February 23, 1808 |- | New Jersey
At-large | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Ezra Darby (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Died January 27, 1808 | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Adam Boyd (DR) | Seated March 8, 1808 |- | Indiana Territory
At-large | Benjamin Parke
| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned March 1, 1808 | Jesse B. Thomas | October 22, 1808 |- | Pennsylvania
1st | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Joseph Clay (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned March 28, 1808 | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Benjamin Say (DR) | Seated November 16, 1808 |- | Massachusetts
2nd | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Jacob Crowninshield (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Died April 15, 1808 | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Joseph Story (DR) | Seated May 23, 1808 |- | New York
12th | style="background-color:#AACC99" | David Thomas (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned May 1, 1808, after becoming New York State Treasurer | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Nathan Wilson (DR) | November 7, 1808 |- | Vermont
1st | style="background-color:#AACC99" | James Witherell (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned May 1, 1808, after becoming judge of Supreme Court for Michigan Territory | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Samuel Shaw (DR) | Seated September 6, 1808 |- | Rhode Island
At-large | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Nehemiah Knight (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Died June 13, 1808 | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | Richard Jackson, Jr. (F) | Seated November 11, 1808 |- | Virginia
17th | style="background-color:#AACC99" | John Claiborne (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Died October 9, 1808 | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Thomas Gholson, Jr. (DR) | Seated November 7, 1808 |}

Employees

Senate

House of Representatives

References

  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
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