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13th United States Congress

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13th United States Congress
12th ←
→ 14th
The Capitol after the August 1814 burning of Washington, D.C., by the British in the War of 1812 (painting 1814 by George Munger)
March 4, 1813 – March 4, 1815
Members36 senators
182 representatives
4 non-voting delegates
Senate majorityDemocratic-Republican
Senate PresidentElbridge Gerry (until November 23, 1814)
Vacant (from November 23, 1814)
House majorityDemocratic-Republican
House SpeakerHenry Clay
Langdon Cheves
Sessions
1st: May 24, 1813 – August 2, 1813
2nd: December 6, 1813 – April 18, 1814
3rd: September 19, 1814 – March 3, 1815

The Thirteenth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1813, to March 4, 1815, during the fifth and sixth years of James Madison's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Third Census of the United States in 1810. Both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority. The first two sessions were held at the Capitol building while the third, convened after the Burning of Washington, took place in the First Patent Building.

Senate President
Elbridge Gerry
Elbridge Gerry,
until November 23, 1814
Vacant
Vacant,
from November 23, 1814
Senate Presidents pro tempore
William H. Crawford
William H. Crawford,
March 4, 1813 – March 23, 1813
Joseph B. Varnum
Joseph B. Varnum,
December 6, 1813 – February 3, 1814
Joseph B. Varnum
John Gaillard,
from November 25, 1814
House Speakers
Henry Clay
Henry Clay,
until January 19, 1814
Langdon Cheves
Langdon Cheves,
from January 19, 1814

Major events

After the Burning of Washington in August 1814, Congress convened its third session in the U.S. Patent Office building, located in Blodget's Hotel.
Main articles: 1813, 1814, and 1815

Major legislation

Main article: List of United States federal legislation § 13th United States Congress

Treaties ratified

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate

Party
(shading shows control) 		Total Vacant
Democratic-
Republican
(DR) 		Federalist
(F)
End of previous congress 30 6 36 0
Begin 27 6 33 3
End 24 11 351
Final voting share 68.6% 31.4%
Beginning of next congress 21 12 33 3

House of Representatives

Following the 1810 census, the size of the House was increased to 182 seats from 142.

Party
(shading shows control) 		Total Vacant
Democratic-
Republican
(DR) 		Federalist
(F)
End of previous congress 105 36 141 1
Begin 108 68 176 6
End 115 67 1820
Final voting share 63.2% 36.8%
Beginning of next congress 131 46 177 5

Leadership

Senate

House of Representatives

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1814; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1816; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1818.

House of Representatives

See also: United States House of Representatives elections, 1812

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

  • replacements: 9
  • deaths: 2
  • resignations: 10
  • interim appointments: 3
  • vacancies: 3
  • Total seats with changes: 15
See also: List of special elections to the United States Senate

Template:Ordinal US Congress Senate

|- | New Hampshire
(3) | Vacant | style="font-size:80%" | Legislature had failed to elect a Senator.
Successor was appointed April 2, 1813 to continue the term. | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Charles Cutts (DR) | Appointed April 2, 1813

|- | Maryland
(3) | Vacant | style="font-size:80%" | Legislature had failed to elect a Senator.
Successor was elected late May 21, 1813 to finish the term. | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | Robert H. Goldsborough (F) | Seated May 21, 1813

|- | Delaware
(2) | Vacant | style="font-size:80%" | James A. Bayard (F) resigned at the end of the previous Congress.
Successor elected May 28, 1813 to finish the term. | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | William H. Wells (F) | Seated May 28, 1813

|- | Georgia
(2) | style="background-color:#AACC99" | William H. Crawford (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned March 23, 1813.
Successor appointed April 8, 1813, to continue the term. | style="background-color:#AACC99" | William Bulloch (DR) | Seated April 8, 1813

|- | Connecticut
(3) | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | Chauncey Goodrich (F) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned May 1813 to become Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut.
Successor elected May 13, 1813, to finish the term. | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | David Daggett (F) | Seated May 13, 1813

|- | Massachusetts
(1) | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | James Lloyd (F) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned May 1, 1813.
Successor elected May 5, 1813. | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | Christopher Gore (F) | Seated May 5, 1813

|- | New Hampshire
(3) | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Charles Cutts (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Interim appointee was not elected.
Successor elected June 10, 1813. | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | Jeremiah Mason (F) | Seated June 10, 1813

|- | Georgia
(2) | style="background-color:#AACC99" | William Bulloch (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Interim appointee was not elected to finish the term.
Successor elected November 6, 1813 to finish the term. | style="background-color:#AACC99" | William W. Bibb (DR) | Seated November 6, 1813

|- | Tennessee
(2) | style="background-color:#AACC99" | George W. Campbell (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned February 11, 1814 after being appointed US Secretary of the Treasury.
Successor appointed March 17, 1814, to continue the term. | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Jesse Wharton (DR) | Seated March 17, 1814

|- | Pennsylvania
(1) | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Michael Leib (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned February 14, 1814 after becoming Postmaster of Philadelphia.
Successor elected February 24, 1814, to finish term. | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Jonathan Roberts (DR) | Seated February 24, 1814

|- | New Hampshire
(2) | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Nicholas Gilman (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Died May 2, 1814.
Successor elected June 24, 1814, to finish the term. | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | Thomas W. Thompson (F) | Seated June 24, 1814

|- | Kentucky
(2) | style="background-color:#AACC99" | George M. Bibb (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned August 23, 1814.
Successor appointed August 30, 1814, to continue the term. | style="background-color:#AACC99" | George Walker (DR) | Seated August 30, 1814

|- | Ohio
(1) | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Thomas Worthington (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned December 1, 1814 after being elected Governor.
Successor elected December 10, 1814, to finish the term ending. | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Joseph Kerr (DR) | Seated December 10, 1814

|- | Kentucky
(2) | style="background-color:#AACC99" | George Walker (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Interim appointee was not elected to finish term.
Successor elected December 16, 1814 to finish term. | style="background-color:#AACC99" | William T. Barry (DR) | Seated December 16, 1814

|- | North Carolina
(3) | style="background-color:#AACC99" | David Stone (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned December 24, 1814.
Successor elected December 24, 1814, to finish the term, but failed to qualify. | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Francis Locke, Jr. | Never seated for failing to qualify

|- | Kentucky
(3) | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Jesse Bledsoe (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned December 24, 1814.
Successor elected February 2, 1815, to finish the term. | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Isham Talbot (DR) | Seated February 2, 1815

|- | Virginia
(1) | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Richard Brent (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Died December 30, 1814.
Winner elected January 2, 1815, to finish term, having already won election to the next term. | style="background-color:#AACC99" | James Barbour (DR) | Seated January 2, 1815

|- | Virginia
(2) | style="background-color:#AACC99" | William B. Giles (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned March 3, 1815.
Successor was not elected until the next Congress. | colspan=2 | Vacant for remainder of this Congress.

|}

House of Representatives

  • replacements: 13
  • deaths: 6
  • resignations: 13
  • contested election: 1
  • vacancies: 4
  • Total seats with changes: 19


Main article: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives

Template:Ordinal US Congress Rep

|- | Kentucky
8th | Vacant | style="font-size:80%" | Rep.-elect John Simpson died before this Congress began | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Stephen Ormsby (DR) | Seated May 28, 1813 |- | Ohio
6th | Vacant | style="font-size:80%" | Rep.-elect John Stark Edwards died before this Congress began | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Reasin Beall (DR) | Seated June 8, 1813 |- | Pennsylvania
15th | Vacant | style="font-size:80%" | Rep.-elect Abner Lacock resigned before commencement of Congress after being elected US Senator | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Thomas Wilson (DR) | Seated May 28, 1813 |- | Pennsylvania
13th | Vacant | style="font-size:80%" | Rep.-elect John Smilie died before this Congress began | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Isaac Griffin (DR) | Seated May 24, 1813 |- | New York
15th | Vacant | style="font-size:80%" | Rep-elect William Dowse died on February 18, 1813 | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | John M. Bowers (F) | Seated June 21, 1813 |- | Ohio
3rd | Vacant | style="font-size:80%" | Duncan McArthur Resigned April 5, 1813, having not qualified | style="background-color:#AACC99" | William Creighton, Jr. (DR) | Seated June 15, 1813 |- | Pennsylvania
5th | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Robert Whitehill (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Died April 8, 1813 | style="background-color:#AACC99" | John Rea (DR) | Seated May 28, 1813 |- | New York
2nd | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | Egbert Benson (F) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned August 2, 1813 | style="background-color:#AACC99" | William Irving (DR) | Seated January 22, 1814 |- | Pennsylvania
3rd | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | John Gloninger (F) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned August 2, 1813 | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Edward Crouch (DR) | Seated December 6, 1813 |- | Pennsylvania
7th | style="background-color:#AACC99" | John M. Hyneman (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned August 2, 1813 | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Daniel Udree (DR) | Seated December 6, 1813 |- | Illinois Territory
At-large | Shadrach Bond | style="font-size:80%" | Until August 2, 1813 | Benjamin Stephenson | Seated November 14, 1814 |- | Georgia
At-large | style="background-color:#AACC99" | William W. Bibb (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned November 6, 1813, after being elected to US Senate | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Alfred Cuthbert (DR) | Seated February 7, 1814 |- | New York
15th | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | John M. Bowers (F) | style="font-size:80%" | Contested election, Bowers ousted on December 20, 1813 | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Isaac Williams, Jr. (DR) | Seated January 24, 1814 |- | Tennessee
5th | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Felix Grundy (DR) | style="font-size:80%" |Resigned sometime in 1814 | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Newton Cannon (DR) | Seated October 15, 1814 |- | Kentucky
2nd | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Henry Clay (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned January 19, 1814 | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Joseph H. Hawkins (DR) | Seated March 29, 1814 |- | Massachusetts
12th | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | Daniel Dewey (F) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned February 24, 1814, after being appointed Associate Judge of Massachusetts Supreme Court | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | John W. Hulbert (F) | Seated September 26, 1814 |- | Pennsylvania
2nd | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Jonathan Roberts (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned February 24, 1814, after being elected US Senator | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | Samuel Henderson (F) | Seated November 29, 1814 |- | Virginia
11th | style="background-color:#AACC99" | John Dawson (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Died March 31, 1814 | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Philip Barbour (DR) | Seated September 19, 1814 |- | Massachusetts
4th | style="background-color:#AACC99" | William M. Richardson (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned April 18, 1814 | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Samuel Dana (DR) | Seated September 22, 1814 |- | New Jersey
3rd | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | Jacob Hufty (F) | style="font-size:80%" | Died May 20, 1814 | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Thomas Bines (DR) | Seated November 2, 1814 |- | Ohio
6th | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Reasin Beall (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned June 7, 1814 | style="background-color:#AACC99" | David Clendenin (DR) | Seated December 22, 1814 |- | Pennsylvania
3rd | style="background-color:#AACC99" | James Whitehill (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned September 1, 1814 | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | Amos Slaymaker (F) | Seated December 12, 1814 |- | Missouri Territory
At-large | Edward Hempstead | style="font-size:80%" | Until September 17, 1814 | Rufus Easton | Seated November 16, 1814 |}

Employees

Senate

House of Representatives

See also

References

  1. ^ Guide to US Elections. Vol. II (Sixth ed.). Washington, D.C.: CQ Press. 2010. p. 1421. ISBN 978-1-60426-536-1.
  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
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