2014 in paleontology
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Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2014.
Plants
Newly described angiosperms
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Mindell, Karafit & Stockey |
Late Cretaceous (Coniacian) |
A member of Platanaceae. The type species is Ambiplatanus washingtonensis. |
||||
|
Annona eocenica[3] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Prasad, Singh & Singh |
Early Eocene |
A member of Annonaceae, a species of Annona. |
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|
Annona vastanensis[3] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Prasad, Singh & Singh |
Early Eocene |
A member of Annonaceae, a species of Annona. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Sakala in Sakala & Vodrážka |
Late Cretaceous (Coniacian) |
An angiosperm of uncertain phylogenetic placement, a species of Antarctoxylon. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Gallego et al. |
Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) |
A member of Araceae. The type species is Aquaephyllum auriculatum. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Srivastava & Mehrotra |
Oligocene (Chattian) |
A member of Phyllanthaceae, a species of Bridelia. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Bernardes-de-Oliveira et al. |
Eocene-Oligocene |
A species of Caesalpinia. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Mindell, Stockey & Beard |
Eocene |
A member of Fagaceae, a species of Cascadiacarpa. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Wu et al. |
Late Pliocene |
A member of Fagaceae, a species of Castanopsis. |
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|
Gen. et sp. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Alekseev & Herman in Alekseev, Herman & Shchepetov |
Late Cretaceous |
An angiosperm of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Chachlovia kiyensis Alekseev sp. nov.; genus also contains Chachlovia dombeyopsoida Herman comb. nov. |
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|
Cocos binoriensis[11] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Srivastava & Srivastava |
Late Cretaceous or Paleocene (Maastrichtian-Danian) |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
De Lima et al. |
Early Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian) |
A member of Smilacaceae. The type species is Cratosmilax jacksoni. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Peppe & Hickey |
Paleocene |
An angiosperm of uncertain phylogenetic placement, a species of Dicotylophyllum. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Peppe & Hickey |
Paleocene |
An angiosperm of uncertain phylogenetic placement, a species of Dicotylophyllum. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Coiffard, Mohr & Bernardes-de-Oliveira |
Early Cretaceous (Aptian) |
A member of Piperales, probably related to Aristolochiaceae. The type species is Hexagyne philippiana. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Mendes et al. |
Early Cretaceous (late Aptian–early Albian) |
A member of Lardizabalaceae. The type species is Kajanthus lusitanicus. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Peppe & Hickey |
Paleocene |
A member of Platanaceae, a species of Macginitiea. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Bernardes-de-Oliveira et al. |
Eocene-Oligocene |
A species of Machaerium. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Bernardes-de-Oliveira et al. |
Eocene-Oligocene |
A species of Machaerium. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Peppe & Hickey |
Paleocene |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Peppe & Hickey |
Paleocene |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Takahashi et al. |
Late Cretaceous (early Coniacian) |
A member of Lauraceae. The type species is Microlaurus perigynus. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Li in Li et al. |
Middle or late Miocene |
A member of Rhamnaceae, a species of Paliurus. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Franco, Brea & Herbst |
Late Miocene |
A palm tree, a species of Palmoxylon. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Maslova in Maslova et al. |
Paleogene |
An angiosperm of uncertain phylogenetic placement, a species of Platimeliphyllum. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Carpenter et al. |
Early Eocene |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Srivastava, Srivastava & Dilcher |
Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) to early Paleocene (Danian) |
A palm tree belonging to the subfamily Coryphoideae, a species of Sabalites. |
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|
Gen. et 2 sp. nov |
Valid |
Herman & Shczepetov in Alekseev, Herman & Shchepetov |
Late Cretaceous |
An angiosperm of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is S. integerrima Herman & Shczepetov; genus also contains S. asiatica Alekseev. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Peppe & Hickey |
Paleocene |
A member of Theaceae, a species of Ternstromites. |
Other seed plants
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Wilf et al. |
Eocene |
A member of Araucariaceae, a species of Agathis. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Golovneva & Shczepetov in Shczepetov & Golovneva |
Late Cretaceous |
A member of Araucariaceae, a species of Araucarites. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Dong et al. |
Early Cretaceous |
A member of Cupressaceae, a species of Athrotaxites. |
||||
|
Gen. et 3 sp. nov |
Valid |
Friis, Pedersen & Crane |
Early Cretaceous (late Aptian to middle Albian) |
A Welwitschia-like seed plant. The type species is Bicatia costata; genus also contains Bicatia juncalensis and Bicatia rugosa. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Šimůnek |
Carboniferous (Stephanian) |
A species of Cordaites. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Wang et al. |
Late Devonian (Famennian) |
A member of Lagenospermopsida of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Cosmosperma polyloba. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Su, Quan & Liu |
Eocene (Lutetian) |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Atkinson, Rothwell & Stockey |
Early Cretaceous (Valanginian) |
A member of Cupressaceae. The type species is Hubbardiastrobus cunninghamioides. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Atkinson, Rothwell & Stockey |
Early Cretaceous |
A member of Cupressaceae, a species of Hughmillerites. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Na et al. |
Early Cretaceous |
A member of Bennettitales, a species of Nilssoniopteris. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Ray, Rothwell & Stockey |
Early Cretaceous (Valanginian) |
A member of Bennettitales, a species of Nilssoniopteris. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Steart, Spencer, Kenrick, Needham & Hilton in Steart et al. |
Late Jurassic (Tithonian) |
A member of Cheirolepidiaceae, a species of Pararaucaria. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Wu in Wu et al. |
Late Miocene |
A member of Cupressaceae, a species of Platycladus. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Bomfleur et al. |
Middle or early Late Triassic |
A member of Petriellales (an order of seed plants of uncertain phylogenetic placement). The type species is Rudixylon serbetianum. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Wan, Yang & Wang |
Late Permian (early Wuchiapingian) |
A member of Coniferopsida, a species of Septomedullopitys. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Shi et al. |
Late Permian (Changhsingian) |
A gymnosperm. The type species is Xinjiangoxylon turpanense. |
Other plants
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Friis, Pedersen & Marone |
Early Cretaceous (late Barremian–early Aptian) |
A member of Salviniales of uncertain phylogenetic placement, a species of Arcellites. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Tian & Wang in Tian et al. |
Middle Jurassic |
A member of Osmundaceae, a species of Ashicaulis. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Tian et al. |
Middle Jurassic |
A member of Osmundaceae, a species of Ashicaulis. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Lóriga et al. |
Miocene |
A member of Dryopteridaceae found in Dominican amber, a species of Elaphoglossum. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Li et al. |
Early Cretaceous |
A liverwort belonging to the group Marchantiales, a species of Marchantites. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Hu & Taylor |
Early Cretaceous (Albian) |
A member of Matoniaceae, a species of Phlebopteris. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Gerrienne et al. |
Early or Middle Devonian |
An euphyllophyte. The type species is Planatophyton hujiersitense. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Jurina & Orlova in Orlova & Jurina |
Late Devonian |
A species of Pseudobornia. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Jin & Wang in Wang, Xu & Jin |
Eocene |
A species of Salvinia. |
||||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Wang et al. |
Late Permian |
A member of Guaireaceae (extinct family belonging to the order Osmundales); a new genus for "Palaeosmunda" yunnanense Tian & Chang (1995). |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Naugolnykh |
Permian (Kungurian) |
A lycopsid. The type species is Ufadendron ufaensis. |
||||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Wang et al. |
Late Permian |
A member of Guaireaceae (extinct family belonging to the order Osmundales); a new genus for "Palaeosmunda" plenasioides Li (1983). |
Cnidarians
Newly described cnidarians
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov |
Valid[51] |
Wallace & Bosellini |
Early Miocene (Burdigalian) |
A stony coral, a species of Acropora. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid[51] |
Wallace & Bosellini |
Early Miocene (Burdigalian) |
A stony coral, a species of Acropora. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid[51] |
Wallace & Bosellini |
Oligocene (Chattian) |
A stony coral, a species of Acropora. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid[51] |
Wallace & Bosellini |
Oligocene (Rupelian) |
Gornji Grad beds |
A stony coral, a species of Acropora. |
|||
|
Gen. et 2 sp. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Fedorowski & Stevens |
Carboniferous (Bashkirian) |
A colonial coral belonging to the subclass Rugosa and the family Lithostrotionidae. The type species is Arctistrotion variabilis; genus also contains "Lithostrotionella" wahooensis Armstrong (1972) and Arctistrotion simplex. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Peel in Geyer et al. |
Cambrian (Amgan) |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Liu et al. |
Late Ediacaran |
A probable cnidarian, possibly related to Medusozoa. The type species is Haootia quadriformis. |
||||
|
Paraheritschioides compositus[52] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Fedorowski & Stevens |
Carboniferous (Bashkirian) |
Wahoo Limestone |
A colonial coral belonging to the subclass Rugosa and the family Kleopatrinidae, a species of Paraheritschioides. |
||
|
Paraheritschioides katvalae[52] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Fedorowski & Stevens |
Carboniferous (Moscovian) |
A colonial coral belonging to the subclass Rugosa and the family Kleopatrinidae, a species of Paraheritschioides. |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Baliński, Sun & Dzik |
Ordovician (early Floian) |
Fenxiang Formation |
A hydrozoan, a member of Hydroidolina. The type species is Sinobryon elongatum. |
Arthropods
Molluscs
Echinoderms
Conodonts
Newly described conodonts
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Furnishina holmi[56] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Bagnoli & Stouge |
Cambrian (late Furongian) |
A species of Furnishina. |
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|
Gobduntaulepis[57] |
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Doweld |
Early Ordovician |
A replacement name for Acantholepis Pianovskij in Pianovskij, Pianovskaja & Aleksandrova, 1989 (preoccupied). |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Wu et al. |
Permian–Triassic boundary |
A species of Hindeodus. |
||||
|
Icriodella rhodesi[59] |
Sp. nov |
Valid[60] |
Bergström & Ferretti |
Late Ordovician |
A species of Icriodella. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Wu et al. |
Earliest Triassic |
A species of Neogondolella. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Yang et al. |
Early Triassic (Induan) |
A member of Ellisoniidae. The type species is Parafurnishius xuanhanensis. |
||||
|
Polygnathus aragonensis[62] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Martínez-Pérez & Valenzuela-Ríos |
Early Devonian |
Basibé Formation |
A polygnathid, a species of Polygnathus. |
||
|
Polygnathus carlsi[62] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Martínez-Pérez & Valenzuela-Ríos |
Early Devonian |
Basibé Formation |
A polygnathid, a species of Polygnathus. |
||
|
Polygnathus communis longanensis[63] |
Subsp. nov |
Valid |
Qie et al. |
Carboniferous (latest Tournaisian) |
A polygnathid, a subspecies of Polygnathus communis. |
|||
|
Polygnathus dujieensis[63] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Qie et al. |
Carboniferous (latest Tournaisian) |
A polygnathid, a species of Polygnathus. |
|||
|
Polygnathus ramoni[62] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Martínez-Pérez & Valenzuela-Ríos |
Early Devonian |
Basibé Formation |
A polygnathid, a species of Polygnathus. |
||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Bagnoli & Stouge |
Cambrian (late Furongian) |
Alum Shale Formation |
A species of Westergaardodina. |
Fishes
Amphibians
Basalmost tetrapods
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Clément & Lebedev |
Late Devonian (late Frasnian) |
Probably Smota-Lovat’ Formation |
A member of Elginerpetontidae. The type species is Weberepeton sondalensis. |
Temnospondyls
Research
- Specimens of Micromelerpeton crederni with abnormalities in their limbs interpreted as a result of limb regeneration are described by Fröbisch, Bickelmann and Witzmann (2014).[65]
New taxa
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Sidor, Steyer & Hammer |
Middle Triassic |
A capitosauroid. The type species is Antarctosuchus polyodon. |
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|
Leptorophus raischi[67] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Schoch |
Early Permian |
A branchiosaurid, a species of Leptorophus. |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid[69] |
Schoch, Milner & Witzmann |
Middle Triassic (late Ladinian) |
A plagiosaurid. The type species is Megalophthalma ockerti. |
||||
|
Gen. nov |
Valid |
Schoch & Milner |
An amphibamid. |
Chroniosuchians
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Shishkin, Novikov & Fortuny |
Early Triassic |
A bystrowianid chroniosuchian, a species of Dromotectum. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Liu et al. |
Late Permian |
A bystrowianid chroniosuchian, a species of Dromotectum. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Liu et al. |
Late Permian |
A bystrowianid chroniosuchian. The type species is Jiyuanitectum flatum. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Shishkin, Novikov & Fortuny |
Early Triassic |
A bystrowianid chroniosuchian. The type species is Vyushkoviana operta. |
Lissamphibians
Research
- The humerus bone of a large calyptocephalellid anuran, apparently one of the largest fossil anurans known to date, is described by Otero et al. (2014) from the Eocene of Chile.[73]
New taxa
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Roček et al. |
Early middle Eocene |
A relative of the European spadefoot toads, a species of Eopelobates. |
Anapsids
Newly named parareptiles
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Macdougall & Reisz |
Early Permian |
Richards Spur Locality |
A relative of Nyctiphruretus. The type species is Abyssomedon williamsi. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Reisz, Macdougall & Modesto |
Early Permian |
A relative of lanthanosuchoids, a species of Delorhynchus. |
Newly named turtles
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Alienochelys[77] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
de Lapparent de Broin et al. |
Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) |
Oulad Abdoun Basin |
A sea turtle, a member of Dermochelyoidae. The type species is Alienochelys selloumi. |
||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Havlik, Joyce & Böhme |
Miocene (Langhian) |
A relative of the pig-nosed turtle, a species of the (possibly paraphyletic) genus Allaeochelys. |
||||
|
Ashleychelys[79] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Weems & Sanders |
Oligocene |
A pancheloniid sea turtle. The type species is Ashleychelys palmeri. |
|||
|
Atolchelys[80] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Romano et al. |
Early Cretaceous (Barremian) |
A bothremydid pleurodiran. The type species is Atolchelys lepida. |
|||
|
Brodiechelys royoi[81] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Pérez-García, Gasulla & Ortega |
Early Aptian |
A |xinjiangchelyid, a species of Brodiechelys. |
|||
|
Cheirogaster bacharidisi[82] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Vlachos, Tsoukala & Corsini |
Pliocene |
Gonia Formation |
A tortoise, originally described as a species belonging to the genus Cheirogaster. Subsequently transferred by Pérez-García & Vlachos (2014) to the genus Titanochelon.[83] |
||
|
Eodortoka[84] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Pérez-García, Gasulla & Ortega |
Early Cretaceous (Aptian) |
A dortokid, a member of the clade Pan-Pleurodira (containing living pleurodirans and all turtles that are more closely related to them than to cryptodirans). The type species is Eodortoka morellana. |
|||
|
Gobiapalone[85] |
Gen. et sp. et comb. nov |
Valid[86] |
Danilov et al. |
Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian to Maastrichtian) |
Barun Goyot Formation |
A trionychine trionychid. Genus contains new species Gobiapalone breviplastra, as well as "Amyda" orlovi Khosatzky (1976). |
||
|
Hylaeochelys kappa[87] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Pérez-García & Ortega |
Late Jurassic (Tithonian) |
Freixial Formation |
A basal member of Eucryptodira, a species of Hylaeochelys. |
||
|
Judithemys kranzi[88] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Weems |
Paleocene (early Thanetian) |
A member of (likely paraphyletic) group "Macrobaenidae", a species of Judithemys. |
|||
|
Nemegtemys[85] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid[86] |
Danilov et al. |
Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) |
A cyclanorbine trionychid. The type species is Nemegtemys conflata. |
|||
|
Osonachelus[89] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
de Lapparent de Broin et al. |
Eocene (late Bartonian) |
Vic-Manlleu Marls Formation |
A cheloniid sea turtle. The type species is Osonachelus decorata. |
||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Weems & Sanders |
Oligocene |
A pancheloniid sea turtle; a species of Procolpochelys. |
||||
|
Riodevemys[90] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid[91] |
Pérez-García, Royo-Torres & Cobos |
Late Jurassic |
A pleurosternid paracryptodiran. The type species is Riodevemys inumbragigas. |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Perea et al. |
Late Jurassic or earliest Cretaceous |
A turtle of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Tacuarembemys kusterae. |
||||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Pérez-García & Vlachos |
Early Miocene to early Pleistocene |
|
A tortoise; a new genus for "Testudo" bolivari Hernández-Pacheco (1917). Genus also contains "Testudo" eurysternum Gervais (1848–1852), "Testudo" ginsburgi de Broin (1977), "Testudo" vitodurana Biedermann (1862), "Cheirogaster" steinbacheri Karl (1996), "Testudo" leberonensis Depéret (1890), "Testudo" schafferi Szalai (1931), "Testudo" perpiniana Depéret (1885) and "Cheirogaster" bacharidisi Vlachos et al. (2014). Genus might also contain "Testudo" gymnesicus Bate (1914). |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid[86] |
Danilov et al. |
Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian to Santonian) |
A trionychine trionychid, a species of Trionyx sensu lato. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Vitek & Danilov |
Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) |
A trionychid, a species of Trionyx sensu lato. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid[86] |
Danilov et al. |
Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) |
A trionychine trionychid, a species of Trionyx sensu lato. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid[86] |
Danilov et al. |
Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) |
A trionychine trionychid, a species of Trionyx sensu lato. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid[86] |
Danilov et al. |
Late Cretaceous (Campanian) |
A trionychine trionychid, a species of Trionyx sensu lato. |
Ichthyopterygians
Research
- Anatomy, taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of Cretaceous ophthalmosaurids Simbirskiasaurus birjukovi and Pervushovisaurus bannovkensis are reevaluated by Fischer et al. (2014).[94]
New taxa
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Roberts et al. |
Late Jurassic |
An ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur. The type species is Janusaurus lundi. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Fischer et al. |
Early Cretaceous (early Aptian) |
An ophthalmosaurine ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur. The type species is Leninia stellans. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Fischer et al. |
Cretaceous (early Albian to early Cenomanian) |
Cambridge Greensand |
A platypterygiine ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur. The type species is Sisteronia seeleyi. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Arkhangelsky & Zverkov |
Late Jurassic |
An ophthalmosaurine ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur, a species of Undorosaurus. |
Sauropterygians
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Otero et al. |
Late Cretaceous (late Maastrichtian) |
A plesiosaur, a species of Aristonectes. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Maisch |
Middle Triassic (earliest Anisian) |
A species of Cymatosaurus. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Jiang et al. |
Early Triassic (Olenekian) |
A basal member of Eosauropterygia. The type species is Majiashanosaurus discocoracoidis. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Liu et al. |
Middle Triassic (Anisian) |
A nothosaur, a species of Nothosaurus. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Renesto, Binelli & Hagdorn |
Middle Triassic (Anisian) |
A pachypleurosaur. The type species is Odoiporosaurus teruzzii. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Klein & Scheyer |
Middle Triassic (early Anisian) |
A placodont. The type species is Pararcus diepenbroeki. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Gasparini & O'Gorman |
Late Jurassic (middle Tithonian) |
Vaca Muerta Formation |
A species of Pliosaurus. |
Lepidosaurs
Newly named rhynchocephalians
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Apesteguia, Gómez & Rougier |
Palaeocene |
An opisthodontian sphenodontid, a species of Kawasphenodon. |
||||
|
Priosphenodon minimus[107] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Apesteguia & Carballido |
Early Cretaceous |
An eilenodontine sphenodontid, a species of Priosphenodon. |
Newly named lizards
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Bolet et al. |
Miocene (11.6 Mya) |
Vallès-Penedès Basin |
An amphisbaenian, a species of Blanus. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid[110] |
Čerňanský, Rage & Klembara |
Early Miocene |
An amphisbaenian, a species of Blanus. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid[112] |
Simões, Caldwell & Kellner |
Early Cretaceous |
A scleroglossan lizard with scincomorph affinities. The type species is Calanguban alamoi. |
||||
|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Nydam |
Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) |
A member of Scincomorpha of uncertain phylogenetic placement, assigned by Nydam (2013) to an informal paramacellodid-cordylid grade;[114] a replacement name for Dakotasaurus Nydam (2013) (preoccupied). |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Xu et al. |
Late Cretaceous |
A member of Polyglyphanodontidae. The type species is Funiusaurus luanchuanensis. |
||||
|
Maioricalacerta[116] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Bailon et al. |
Early Pliocene (Zanclean) |
A member of Lacertidae. The type species is Maioricalacerta rafelinensis. |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Bolet & Augé |
Late Eocene |
A member of Scincoidea, possibly a skink. The type species is Pyrenasaurus evansae. |
Newly named snakes
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Pritchard et al. |
Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) |
A member of Madtsoiidae. The type species is Adinophis fisaka. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Pritchard et al. |
Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) |
A member of Nigerophiidae, a species of Indophis. |
||||
|
Rukwanyoka[119] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
McCartney et al. |
Oligocene |
Nsungwe Formation |
The most ancient booid snake and boa from Africa. The type species is Rukwanyoka holmani. |
||
|
Seismophis[120] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Hsiou et al. |
Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) |
A snake of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly a relative of Najash rionegrina. The type species is Seismophis septentrionalis. |
Archosauromorphs
Basal archosauromorphs
Research
- A redescription of Tasmaniosaurus triassicus is published by Ezcurra (2014).[121]
- A revision of anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of the archosauriform Dorosuchus neoetus is published by Sookias et al. (2014).[122]
- A revision of putative euparkeriids from the Triassic of China is published by Sookias et al. (2014).[123]
New taxa
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Ezcurra, Scheyer & Bulter |
Late Permian (Wuchiapingian) |
A non-archosauriform archosauromorph, probably a protorosaurian. The type species is Aenigmastropheus parringtoni. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Gower et al. |
Early Triassic (late Olenekian) |
An erythrosuchid archosauriform, a species of Garjainia. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid[127] |
Mukherjee & Ray |
Late Triassic |
A rhynchosaur, a species of Hyperodapedon. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid[129] |
Ezcurra & Butler |
Early Triassic |
A proterosuchid archosauriform, a species of Proterosuchus. |
||||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Trotteyn & Ezcurra |
Late Triassic (late Carnian or earliest Norian) |
A proterochampsid archosauriform; a new genus for "Chanaresuchus" ischigualastensis Trotteyn, Martínez & Alcober (2012). |
Pseudosuchians
Research
- A study of anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Gracilisuchus stipanicicorum, Turfanosuchus dabanensis and Yonghesuchus sangbiensis is published by Butler et al. (2014).[131]
- A study of jaw mechanism and dental function in heterodont crocodyliforms is published by Ősi (2014).[132]
- The atoposaurid crocodyliform genus Alligatorellus is revised by Tennant and Mannion (2014).[133]
New taxa
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Blanco et al. |
Late Cretaceous (early Maastrichtian) |
An eusuchian crocodylomorph, a species of Allodaposuchus. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Hastings, Bloch & Jaramillo |
A dyrosaurid crocodyliform. The type species is Anthracosuchus balrogus. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Godoy et al. |
Late Cretaceous |
A baurusuchid crocodylomorph. The type species is Aplestosuchus sordidus. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Pol et al. |
Late Cretaceous |
A sphagesaurid crocodylomorph, a species of Caipirasuchus. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Martin et al. |
Late Palaeocene |
A member of Alligatoroidea, a species of Diplocynodon. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Young et al. |
Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) |
A teleosaurid crocodylomorph, a species of Machimosaurus. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Nesbitt et al. |
Middle Triassic (Anisian) |
A member of Archosauriformes of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly a pseudosuchian. The type species is Nundasuchus songeaensis. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Roberto-da-Silva et al. |
Late Triassic |
An aetosaur. The type species is Polesinesuchus aurelioi. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Sertich & O’Connor |
Cretaceous (Aptian to Cenomanian) |
A peirosaurid crocodyliform. The type species is Rukwasuchus yajabalijekundu. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Kellner, Pinheiro & Campos |
Paleocene (Itaboraian) |
A sebecid crocodylomorph. The type species is Sahitisuchus fluminensis. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Adams |
Early Cretaceous (late Aptian) |
A paralligatorid neosuchian crocodylomorph. The type species is Wannchampsus kirpachi. |
Non-avian dinosaurs
Research
- A study of size changes and rates of anatomical innovation in the theropod lineage ancestral to birds is published by Lee et al. (2014).[145]
- A study of evolution of body size and forelimb length in birds and nov-avian coelurosaurian theropods is published by Puttick, Thomas and Benton (2014).[146]
- A phylogenetic analysis of bird and non-avian coelurosaurian theropod relationships and a study of rates of morphological evolution and changes in morphological disparity across the dinosaur-bird transition is published by Brusatte et al. (2014).[147]
- A description of abelisaurid teeth from the Late Jurassic Lourinhã Formation of Portugal and a phylogenetic analysis of theropod relationships based on dental characters is published by Hendrickx and Mateus (2014).[148]
- A study of theropod diversity in the Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian) of Tunisia is published by Fanti et al. (2014).[149]
- A juvenile specimen of Megaraptor namunhuaiquii is described by Porfiri et al. (2014).[150]
- A study of European fossil record of Ornithomimosauria is published by Allain et al. (2014).[151]
- A study of flight ability in some non-avian paravian theropods is published by Sorkin (2014).[152]
- "Saurornitholestes" robustus, initially thought to be a dromaeosaurid, is reinterpreted as a troodontid by Evans et al. (2014).[153]
- A well-preserved specimen of Microraptor zhaoianus is described by Pei et al. (2014).[154]
- A study of anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Antetonitrus ingenipes is published by McPhee et al. (2014).[155]
- Fragmentary partial skeleton of a small sauropod belonging to the genus Haplocanthosaurus collected from the Rocky Mountains of central Colorado is described by Foster & Wedel (2014).[156]
- The purported size of the holotype vertebra of Amphicoelias fragillimus is reevaluated by Woodruff and Foster (2014).[157]
- A study of phylogenetic relationships of Lourinhasaurus alenquerensis is published by Mocho, Royo-Torres and Ortega (2014).[158]
- A study of anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Aragosaurus ischiaticus is published by Royo-Torres et al. (2014).[159]
- A study of titanosaur osteoderms from the Upper Cretaceous Lo Hueco site in Cuenca, Spain is published by Vidal, Ortega and Sanz (2014).[160]
- A study of species richness of South American titanosaur assemblages during the Late Cretaceous is published by Vieira et al. (2014).[161]
- A study of the effect of intervertebral cartilage on neck posture of sauropod dinosaurs is published by Taylor (2014).[162]
- A study of the dentition of Manidens condorensis is published by Becerra et al. (2014).[163]
- A study of the postcranial anatomy of Heterodontosaurus tucki is published by Galton (2014).[164]
- A study of the impact of osteoderm placement on the centre of mass of stegosaurs is published by Mallison (2014).[165]
- A study of Early Cretaceous Spanish iguanodont ornithopod diversity and a description of new remains referrable to Delapparentia is published by Gasca, Canudo and Moreno-Azanza (2014).[166]
- A specimen of Edmontosaurus regalis with remains of a soft-tissue cranial crest is described by Bell et al. (2014).[167]
- A juvenile specimen of Edmontosaurus annectens is described by Prieto-Márquez (2014).[168]
- An assemblage of Psittacosaurus juveniles associated with a larger specimen from the Lujiatun beds of the Yixian Formation in Liaoning, China is described by Hedrick et al. (2014).[169]
- An aggregation of four juveniles of Protoceratops andrewsi from the Tugrikin Shire locality of the Djadokhta Formation in Central Gobi region, Mongolia and two associated subadults of the same species from the same locality are described by Hone et al. (2014).[170]
- A study of ontogenetic changes in the craniofacial skeleton of Centrosaurus apertus is published by Frederickson and Tumarkin-Deratzian (2014).[171]
- A new specimen attributable to Arrhinoceratops brachyops is described by Mallon et al. (2014).[172]
- A new specimen of Spinosaurus is described by Ibrahim et al., with a controversial reconstruction of Spinosaurus as a quadrupedal semi-aquatic genus.[173]
- Two new specimens of the previous enigma Deinocheirus are described and analysed by Lee et al. (2014).[174]
- A tiny theropod was found in the South Korea. (2014)
New taxa
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Gates et al. |
Late Cretaceous (Campanian) |
A lambeosaurine hadrosaurid. The type species is Adelolophus hutchisoni. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Dalman |
Late Jurassic (Tithonian) |
An allosauroid theropod, a species of Allosaurus. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Ulansky |
Early Cretaceous (Barremian-early Aptian) |
A stegosaur. The type species is Amargastegos brevicollus. |
||||
|
Gen. et. sp. nov |
Valid |
Ulansky |
Early Jurassic (Pliensbachian-Toarcian) |
A basal thyreophoran. The type species is Andhrasaurus indicus. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Lamanna et al. |
Late Cretaceous (late Maastrichtian) |
A caenagnathid theropod. The type species is Anzu wyliei. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Farke et al. |
Early Cretaceous (Albian) |
A basal member of Neoceratopsia. The type species is Aquilops americanus. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Tortosa et al. |
Late Cretaceous (late Campanian) |
An abelisaurid theropod. The type species is Arcovenator escotae. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Sánchez-Hernández & Benton |
Early Cretaceous (early Barremian) |
A basal ceratosaurian. The type species is Camarillasaurus cirugedae. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Han et al. |
Early Cretaceous |
A microraptorine dromaeosaurid theropod. The type species is Changyuraptor yangi. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Han et al. |
Early Cretaceous (Aptian) |
An ankylosaurid. The type species is Chuanqilong chaoyangensis. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Ulansky |
Late Jurassic (Oxfordian) |
A huayangosaurid, a species of Chungkingosaurus. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Ulansky |
Late Jurassic (Oxfordian) |
A huayangosaurid, a species of Chungkingosaurus. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Mo et al. |
Early Cretaceous |
A carcharodontosaur theropod. The type species is Datanglong guangxiensis. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Lacovara et al. |
Late Cretaceous (Campanian or Maastrichtian) |
A titanosaurian sauropod. The type species is Dreadnoughtus schrani. |
||||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Ulansky |
Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) |
Cornbrash Formation |
A stegosaur; a new genus for "Omosaurus" vetustus von Huene (1910). |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Escaso et al. |
Late Jurassic |
A dryosaurid ornithopod. The type species is Eousdryosaurus nanohallucis. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Ulansky |
Middle Jurassic (Callovian) |
A stegosaur. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Dalman |
Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian/Tithonian) |
A theropod dinosaur. The type species is Fosterovenator churei. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Tsuihiji et al. |
Late Cretaceous (Campanian) |
A troodontid theropod. The type species is Gobivenator mongoliensis. |
||||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
You, Li & Dodson |
Early Cretaceous (Albian) |
A non-hadrosaurid hadrosauroid; a new genus for "Probactrosaurus" mazongshanensis Lü (1997). |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Huang et al. |
Middle Jurassic |
A mamenchisaurid sauropod. The type species is Huangshanlong anhuiensis. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Godefroit et al. |
A non-cerapodan neornithischian. The type species is Kulindadromeus zabaikalicus. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Barrett et al. |
Early Jurassic |
A basal ornithischian. The type species is Laquintasaura venezuelae. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Gallina et al. |
Early Cretaceous (late Berriasian to Valanginian) |
Bajada Colorada Formation |
A diplodocine diplodocid sauropod. The type species is Leinkupal laticauda. |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Ryan et al. |
Late Cretaceous (Campanian) |
A chasmosaurine ceratopsid. The type species is Mercuriceratops gemini. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Fiorillo & Tykoski |
Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) |
A tyrannosaurid theropod. The type species is Nanuqsaurus hoglundi. |
||||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Ulansky |
Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian) |
A stegosaurid; a new genus for "Stegosaurus" longispinus Gilmore (1914). |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
You et al. |
Early Jurassic |
A coelophysoid theropod. The type species is Panguraptor lufengensis. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Longrich |
Late Cretaceous (late Campanian) |
A ceratopsid, a species of Pentaceratops. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Tsogtbaatar et al. |
Late Cretaceous (probably late Campanian) |
A non-hadrosaurid hadrosauroid. The type species is Plesiohadros djadokhtaensis. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Lü et al. |
Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) |
A tyrannosaurid theropod. The type species is Qianzhousaurus sinensis. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
González Riga & Ortiz David |
Late Cretaceous (Turonian) |
A titanosaur sauropod related to Mendozasaurus and Futalognkosaurus. The type species is Quetecsaurus rusconii. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid[202] |
Gates & Scheetz |
Late Cretaceous (Campanian) |
A saurolophine hadrosaurid. The type species is Rhinorex condrupus. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Gorscak et al. |
Cretaceous (Aptian to Cenomanian) |
A titanosaur sauropod. The type species is Rukwatitan bisepultus. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Ulansky |
Late Jurassic |
Saldam Formation |
A stegosaur. The type species is Saldamosaurus tuvensis. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Ulansky |
Early Jurassic (?Sinemurian-Pliensbachian) |
A basal thyreophoran, a species of Scelidosaurus. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Ulansky |
Late Jurassic |
A stegosaur. The type species is Siamodracon altispinus. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Ulansky |
Early Jurassic (Hettangian-Pliensbachian) |
A basal thyreophoran. The type species is Sinopeltosaurus minimus. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Langer et al. |
Earliest Jurassic |
A stem-averostran theropod. The type species is Tachiraptor admirabilis. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Saegusa and Ikeda |
Early Cretaceous (probably early Albian) |
Sasayama Group |
A titanosauriform sauropod, a member of Somphospondyli. The type species is Tambatitanis amicitiae. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Hendrickx & Mateus |
Late Jurassic (late Kimmeridgian) |
A megalosauroid theropod, a species of Torvosaurus. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Curry Rogers & Wilson |
Late Cretaceous |
A titanosaur sauropod. The type species is Vahiny depereti. |
||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Ulansky |
Early Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian} |
Khukhtyk Formation |
A stegosaur, a species of Wuerhosaurus. |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Li et al. |
Early Cretaceous |
A titanosaur sauropod. The type species is Yongjinglong datangi. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Arbour, Currie & Badamgarav |
Late Cretaceous |
A member of Ankylosauridae. The type species is Zaraapelta nomadis. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Mateus, Mannion & Upchurch |
Late Jurassic (late Kimmeridgian) |
A turiasaurian sauropod. The type species is Zby atlanticus. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Xing et al. |
Late Cretaceous (Santonian) |
A non-hadrosaurid hadrosauroid ornithopod. The type species is Zhanghenglong yangchengensis. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Arbour et al. |
Late Cretaceous (late Campanian) |
An ankylosaurid. The type species is Ziapelta sanjuanensis. |
Birds
Research
- A study on the antiquity of birds is published by Lee et al. (2014).[213]
- A new specimen of Archaeopteryx is described by Foth, Tischlinger and Rauhut (2014).[214]
- Zhongornis haoae, initially thought to be a bird, is argued to be a non-avian maniraptoran by O'Connor and Sullivan (2014).[215]
- A study of ecological disparity in Early Cretaceous birds is published by Mitchell and Makovicky (2014).[216]
- A subadult specimen of Zhouornis hani is described by Zhang et al. (2014).[217]
- A study of the species status of the moa from the genus Euryapteryx is published by Huynen and Lambert (2014).[218]
- A study of growth in the moa from the genus Euryapteryx is published by Huynen et al. (2014).[219]
- A study of tbx5 gene of the moa from the genus Dinornis is published by Huynen et al. (2014).[220]
- Fossil remains of a relative of the hoatzin, possibly a species belonging to the genus Namibiavis, from the middle Miocene of Kenya, are described by Mayr (2014).[221]
- A specimen of Pumiliornis tessellatus with preserved stomach contents including pollen grains is described by Mayr and Wilde (2014).[222]
- A Late Pleistocene specimen of griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus) with exceptionally well preserved fossilized soft tissues is described from the Alban Hills volcanic region, Italy by Iurino et al. (2014).[223]
New taxa
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp nov. |
Valid |
Early Pliocene |
An Aegypius sp. related to the cinereous vulture |
|||||
|
Sp nov. |
Valid |
Late Pleistocene |
A species of Anser. |
|||||
|
Gen. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
An incertae sedis Neognathae, Monotypic with A. lovei. |
||||||
|
Gen. et Comb. nov. |
Valid |
Mayr & Pavia |
||||||
|
Gen. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
A Rallidae. The type species of the new genus. |
||||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
A Caracara, Falconidae. |
||||||
|
Gen. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
A Sturnidae, it is the type species of the new genus. |
||||||
|
Gen. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
An Enantiornithes, it is the type species of the new genus. |
||||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
An extinct crested penguin. |
||||||
|
Gen. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Aves incertae sedis. it is the type species of the new genus. |
||||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
A Falconidae. |
||||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
A member of Enantiornithes Walker, 1981. This is the type species of the new genus. |
||||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Early Cretaceous |
An early member of Ornithuromorpha Chiappe, 2002, a species of Gansus. |
|||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Fissure fillings |
An Anseriformes, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
MP 30; 23.03 Mya |
A stone-curlew, Burhinidae, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
A member of Enantiornithes Walker, 1981. This is the type species of the new genus. |
||||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Early Miocene |
Chavroches |
An Idiornithid, Idiornithidae Cariamiformes, possibly a species of Ibidopodia Milne-Edwards, 1868. |
||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Early Miocene |
Saulcet |
An Idiornithid, Idiornithidae Cariamiformes, possibly a species of Ibidopodia Milne-Edwards, 1868. |
||||
|
Gen. nov. et sp. nov. |
Valid |
A basal member of the Ornithuromorpha Chiappe, 2002. This is the type species of the new genus. |
||||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
A member of Avialae Gauthier, 1986, a species of Jeholornis Zhou et Zhang, 2002. |
||||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid[244] |
A member of Fregatidae, a species of Limnofregata. |
||||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
A member of Enantiornithes Walker, 1981 related to Bohaiornis. This is the type species of new genus. |
||||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Late Pleistocene |
||||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
An Anatidae. |
||||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
A cormorant, Phalacrocoracidae, a species of Nectornis Cheneval, 1984. |
||||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Alan J. D. Tennyson in Wood et al. |
A New Zealand parrot belonging to the family Nestoridae Bonaparte, 1849, a species of Nestor. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
A jacana, Jacanidae, possibly a species of Nupharanassa Rasmussen, Olson et Simons, 1987. |
||||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Boev, Lazaridis & Tsoukala |
Miocene (Turolian) |
A bustard related to the great bustard, a species of Otis. |
||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
A member of Enantiornithes Walker, 1981 related to Bohaiornis. The type species of the new genus, placed in the family Bohaiornithidae Wang, Zhou, O’Connor et Zelenkov, 2014 with de genera Shenqiornis Wang, O’Connor, Zhao, Chiappe, Gao et Cheng, 2010, Sulcavis O’Connor, Zhang, Chiappe, Meng, Quanguo et Di, 2013, Zhouornis Zhang, Chiappe, Han et Chinsamy, 2013, Longusunguis Wang, Zhou, O’Connor et Zelenkov, 2014 and Bohaiornis Hu, Hou L. H. et Xu, 2011. |
||||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
A member of Enantiornithes Walker, 1981. The type species of the new genus. |
||||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
|
A Pelagornithidae Fürbringer, 1888, a species of Pelagornis Lartet, 1857; the bird with the biggest wingspan known up to now. |
|||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
A basal member of the Ornithuromorpha Chiappe, 2002. This is the type species the new genus. |
||||||
|
Comb. nov. |
Valid |
A Diomedeidae, a new name for "Chenornis" graculoides Portis 1884, creating a Comb. nov. |
||||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
A relative of the hoatzin, Opisthocomidae. This is the type species of the new genus. |
||||||
|
Gen. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Galliformes incertae sedis. This is the type species of the new genus. |
||||||
|
Gen. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
A Hongshanornithidae, The type species of the new genus. |
Pterosaurs
Research
- A study of pneumaticity of pterosaur wing bones is published by Martin and Palmer (2014).[256]
- A complete and fully articulated juvenile specimen of Scaphognathus crassirostris is described by Bennett (2014).[257]
- Partial 3D egg of Pterodaustro guinazui is described by Grellet-Tinner et al. (2014).[258]
- Cearadactylus atrox is redescribed by Vila Nova et al. (2014).[259]
- The taxonomy and distribution of the family Azhdarchidae is reviewed by Averianov (2014).[260]
- A reevaluation of the fossil material attributed to Bakonydraco galaczi, indicating that the fossils actually represent at least two pterosaur taxa, is published by Prondvai, Bodor and Ősi (2014).[261]
- A study of medullary bone-like tissue in the mandibular symphyses of Bakonydraco galaczi is published by Prondvai and Stein (2014).[262]
New taxa
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Vidovic & Martill |
Late Jurassic |
A member of Pterodactyloidea related to Gladocephaloideus, Cycnorhamphus, Ardeadactylus and Aurorazhdarcho; a new genus for "Pterodactylus" scolopaciceps Meyer (1860). |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Jiang et al. |
Early Cretaceous |
A species of Boreopterus. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Manzig et al. |
Late Cretaceous |
Bauru Basin, Caiuá Group, Goio-Erê Formation |
A tapejarid. The type species is Caiuajara dobruskii. |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Wang et al. |
Early Cretaceous |
A member of Pteranodontoidea of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Hamipterus tianshanensis. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Wang et al. |
Early Cretaceous (Aptian) |
A non-anhanguerian pteranodontoid. The type species is Ikrandraco avatar. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Andres, Clark & Xu |
Middle-Late Jurassic boundary |
An early member of Pterodactyloidea. The type species is Kryptodrakon progenitor. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Bantim et al. |
Early Cretaceous (Aptian or Albian) |
A member of Anhangueridae. The type species is Maaradactylus kellneri. |
Other reptiles
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Cheng et al. |
Middle Triassic (Anisian) |
A marine reptile, probably a relative of sauropterygians. The type species is Atopodentatus unicus. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Chen et al. |
Early Triassic |
Jialingjiang Formation |
A hupehsuchian. The type species is Eohupehsuchus brevicollis. |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Klein & Hagdorn |
Middle Triassic (Ladinian) |
A marine diapsid reptile of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Horaffia kugleri. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Li et al. |
Triassic |
A member of Saurosphargidae, a species of Largocephalosaurus. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Chen et al. |
Early Triassic |
Jialingjiang Formation |
A hupehsuchian. The type species is Parahupehsuchus longus. |
Synapsids
Non-mammalian synapsids
Research
- A study of the anatomy of nasal cavity of Brasilitherium riograndensis is published by Ruf et al. (2014).[275]
- A study of the anatomy of the therocephalian Simorhinella baini and a taxonomic re-evaluation of the family Lycosuchidae is published by Abdala et al. (2014).[276]
New taxa
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Angielczyk et al. |
Permian |
A dicynodont of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Abajudon kaayai. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Romano & Nicosia |
Permian |
A caseid. The type species is Alierasaurus ronchii. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Soares, Martinelli & De Oliveira |
Late Triassic (possibly early Norian) |
Riograndia Assemblage Zone of the Candelária Sequence (Santa Maria Supersequence) |
A prozostrodontian cynodont. The type species is Botucaraitherium belarminoi. |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Reisz & Fröbisch |
Carboniferous (late Pennsylvanian) |
Calhoun Shale |
A member of Caseidae . The type species is Eocasea martini. |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Maisch & Matzke |
Early Triassic |
Jiucaiyuan Formation |
A kannemeyeriiform dicynodont . The type species is Sungeodon kimkraemerae. |
Mammals
Other animals
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Da Silva et al. |
Middle Triassic (Ladinian) |
An ascaridid nematode found in a cynodont coprolite, a species of Ascarites. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Muir et al. |
Ordovician (earliest Floian) |
A palaeoscolecid worm. The type species is Ashetscolex nuppus. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Szaniawski & Drygant |
Early Devonian (middle Lochkovian to Pragian) |
An atraktoprionid polychaete, a species of Atraktoprion. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Moore, Porter & Li |
Early Cambrian |
An animal of uncertain phylogenetic placement with a cap-shaped shell. The type species is Cambroskiadeion xiaowanense. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Vinn, Jarochowska & Munnecke |
Silurian (Wenlock) |
A member of Cornulitida (a group of animals of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly molluscs), a species of Conchicolites. |
||||
|
Gen. et 2 sp. nov |
Valid |
Keupp, Gründel & Wiese |
Early Jurassic (late Pliensbachian) |
A terebellid polychaete. Genus contains two species: Eklexibella buttenheimensis and Eklexibella johanni. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Siveter et al. |
Silurian |
Herefordshire Lagerstätte |
An animal of uncertain phylogenetic placement; it might be a megacheiran arthropod[288][289] or an annelid.[290] The type species is Enalikter aphson. |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Liu & Xiao in Liu et al. |
Cambrian (Fortunian) |
A priapulid-like scalidophoran. The type species is Eopriapulites sphinx. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Ma et al. |
Cambrian |
Chengjiang Lagerstätte |
A member of Priapulida. The type species is Eximipriapulus globocaudatus. |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Taylor & Wilson in Frey et al. |
Early Devonian (Pragian) |
A reptariid hederellid. The type species is Filihernodia buccina. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Cong et al. |
Early Cambrian |
A member of Anomalocarididae (a group of animals with uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly stem-arthropods). The type species is Lyrarapax unguispinus. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
García-Bellido et al. |
Cambrian |
A member of Vetulicolida. The type species is Nesonektris aldridgei. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Hou et al. |
Early Cambrian |
An animal of uncertain phylogenetic placement; a member of Chancelloriida or a chancelloriid-like animal. The type species is Nidelric pugio. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Jacquet, Brock & Paterson |
Early Cambrian |
A member of Halkieriidae (a group of animals of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly molluscs), a species of Oikozetetes. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Hugot et al. |
Triassic |
A heteroxynematid oxyurid nematode known from an egg found in a cynodont coprolite. The type species is Paleoxyuris cockburni. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Xinglian et al. |
Cambrian |
A hexactinellid sponge, a species of Phragmodictya. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Szaniawski & Drygant |
Early Devonian (early Lochkovian) |
A polychaetaspid polychaete, a species of Polychaetaspis. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Haug & Haug |
Cambrian |
A cycloneuralian worm. The type species is Pseudoperipatus hintelmannae. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Muir et al. |
Ordovician (earliest Floian) |
A palaeoscolecid worm. The type species is Sanduscolex regularis. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Wang et al. |
Ordovician (Tremadocian) |
A palaeoscolecid worm. The type species is Waflascolex changdensis. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Yang et al. |
Cambrian |
An animal of uncertain phylogenetic placement, a species of Wiwaxia. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Zhang, Li & Holmer in Zhang et al. |
Cambrian |
A member of Lophophorata of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Yuganotheca elegans. |
Other organisms
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Droser et al. |
Precambrian |
Ediacara Fossil Site at Nilpena, Flinders Ranges |
"An organism of unknown affinities with a growth pattern convergent on that of extant fungi, lichens and encrusting algae".[304] The type species is Nilpenia rossi. |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Joel, Droser & Gehling |
Precambrian |
A tubular, serially divided organism with a bilateral morphology of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Plexus ricei. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Chen et al. |
Precambrian |
An annulated tubular organism of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Wutubus annularis. |
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{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1126/science.1258750, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with
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