Karnal
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Karnal | |
|---|---|
   Cantonment Church Tower, Karna lake, Streets of Karnal | |
  Karnal Location in Haryana, India  Karnal Karnal (India) | |
| Coordinates: 29°41′10″N 76°59′20″E / 29.686°N 76.989°E | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Haryana |
| District | Karnal district |
| Region | North India |
| Named for | Karna |
| Government | |
| • Body | Municipal Corporation Karnal |
| • Mayor | Renu Bala Gupta |
| • Member of Parliament | Sanjay Bhatia |
| Population (2011) | |
| • Total | 286,827[1] |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Hindi, Punjabi, English |
| • Regional | Punjabi, Haryanvi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 132001 |
| Vehicle registration | HR-05 |
| literacy rate | 84.60%[1] |
| Sex ratio | 996/1000 Female/Male |
| Website | karnal |
Karnal ( is a city part of the National Capital Region (NCR) and located in the state of Haryana, India and is the administrative headquarters of Karnal District. It was used by East India Company army as a refuge during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 in Delhi. The Battle of Karnal between Nader Shah of Persia and the Mughal Empire took place in this city on 1739.
Ancient past
The city associates itself with Karna and has recently set up a large statue of Mahabharata hero Karna the great donor and warrior. [2] A tank in the city also bears the name Karna Tal and a town gate is called Karna gate.
At the end of 6th century A.D., area was under the rule of Vardhanas of Thanesar.[3] The 7th century was a period of eclecticism in religion, Buddhism was declining and Hinduism was resurging in the Indo-Gangetic plains. The region was under Kanauj rule under the Pala Emperor of Bengal (770-810 A.D.). The authority of Mihira Bhoja (836-885 A.D.), the Pratihara ruler of Kanauj penetrated as far as Pehowa including Karnal.[4]
The Tomaras descending from Raja Jaula, established themselves as rulers of this region in the middle of the 9th century.[4] About the beginning of the 10th century, as the Pratihara power began to decline, the Tomaras assumed independence. One of the Tomara rulers, Anangpal Tomar, found the city of Delhi and made it his capital with the area of Karnal and modern day Haryana being under his realm. The Tomaras came into conflict with the Chauhans of Shakambhari, but continued to rule the Haryana country till the middle of 12th century when they were overthrown by the Chahamana Vigraharaja IV.[5] The country between the Satluj and the Yamuna including Karnal experienced relative peace for a century and a half except the plundering invasions of Mahmud of Ghazni.
Medieval era
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In A.D. 1739, Nader Shah of Persia invaded the Mughal empire and Karnal was the scene of the famed Battle of Karnal in which Nader Shah decisively defeated Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah.[6] Muhammad Shah with an enormous army occupied a strongly fortified camp at Karnal but he yielded to the invader as his supplies were cut off from the open country by Shah and were starved into submission.[6] The tactic defeat drastically weakened the Mughal Empire, while the Persian Empire prospered and subsequently hastened British Empire establishment in India.
Sikhs appeared on the scene in the 18th century. The importance of Karnal grew in the time of Raja Gajpat Singh of Jind State who after its capture in A.D. 1763 built the boundary wall and a fort and under whose rule the town increased considerably in size.[7] On January 14, 1764 Sikh Chiefs defeated and killed Zain Khan Sirhindi, the Durrani Governor, and took possession of the whole of Sirhind province as far south as Panipat including Karnal.
Modern history
During Indian independence movement, a district political conference was organized at Karnal with Lala Lajpat Rai as its chairman. Mool Chand Jain often referred to as "Gandhi of Haryana" hailed from Karnal was one of the prominent leader of the Indian Independence.[8]
Climate
| Climate data for Karnal (1981–2010, extremes 1949–2012) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 31.2 (88.2) |
33.2 (91.8) |
37.5 (99.5) |
45.2 (113.4) |
46.0 (114.8) |
45.6 (114.1) |
43.9 (111.0) |
42.0 (107.6) |
38.3 (100.9) |
39.3 (102.7) |
34.4 (93.9) |
28.5 (83.3) |
46.0 (114.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 19.1 (66.4) |
22.4 (72.3) |
27.7 (81.9) |
35.3 (95.5) |
38.3 (100.9) |
37.9 (100.2) |
33.9 (93.0) |
32.8 (91.0) |
32.5 (90.5) |
31.7 (89.1) |
27.4 (81.3) |
21.8 (71.2) |
30.1 (86.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 7.1 (44.8) |
9.4 (48.9) |
13.5 (56.3) |
18.8 (65.8) |
23.3 (73.9) |
25.5 (77.9) |
25.6 (78.1) |
25.1 (77.2) |
23.2 (73.8) |
17.4 (63.3) |
12.0 (53.6) |
8.0 (46.4) |
17.4 (63.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −0.3 (31.5) |
0.6 (33.1) |
3.5 (38.3) |
9.0 (48.2) |
14.5 (58.1) |
18.0 (64.4) |
16.0 (60.8) |
18.4 (65.1) |
16.0 (60.8) |
9.4 (48.9) |
3.0 (37.4) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 26.7 (1.05) |
24.8 (0.98) |
17.8 (0.70) |
8.4 (0.33) |
24.2 (0.95) |
65.7 (2.59) |
171.8 (6.76) |
157.5 (6.20) |
115.9 (4.56) |
3.5 (0.14) |
1.9 (0.07) |
9.0 (0.35) |
627.1 (24.69) |
| Average rainy days | 1.5 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 0.9 | 1.6 | 3.9 | 7.9 | 7.8 | 4.7 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 33.2 |
| Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) | 64 | 58 | 51 | 31 | 33 | 44 | 67 | 73 | 68 | 54 | 53 | 60 | 55 |
| Source: India Meteorological Department[9][10] | |||||||||||||
Education
- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal
- Kendriya Vidyalaya, Kachhwa Road
- St. Theresa's Convent Sr. Sec. School[11]
- Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College[12]
- Maharana Pratap Horticultural University[13]
- Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayaya University of Health Sciences
- Sainik School, Kunjpura
- Dyal Singh College, Karnal
- Delhi Public School, Karnal[14]
- Pratap Public Schools (Jarnailly Colony, Sector 6, Kunjpura), Karnal
- Dyal Singh Public School,Karnal[15]
Smart City
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Karnal was ranked 24th (1st in Haryana) among 4000+ cities in the list of Indian cleanest cities of India under Swachh Survekshan 2019.[16]
Karnal was selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under PM Narendra Modi's flagship Smart Cities Mission.[17]
Famous People from Karnal
- Kalpana Chawla, first Indo-American woman astronaut. In 2003, Chawla was one of the seven crew members that died in the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster[18]
- Mool Chand Jain, Indian Independence leader
- Nawabzada Liaquat Ali Khan, first Prime Minister of Pakistan.[19]
- Anish Bhanwala is an Indian Shooter. He is from Karnal Haryana who competes in the 25 meter rapid fire pistol, 25 meter pistol, and 25 meter standard pistol events.[20]
- Navdeep Saini, Indian cricketer
- Sh. Manohar Lal Khatter Present and Former Chief Minister of Haryana, Who win two times from Karnal Legislative Assembly Election in 2014 and 2019.
References
- ^ a b "Karnal (M Cl)". censusindia.gov.in. Government of India. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
- ^ King Karna returns to his land — Karnal. Mythology inspires ambitions, a larger-than-life portrayal of past events in order to add awe, plus a few nickels to the government kitty by way of tourism.
- ^ D. C. Ganguly (1981). "Western India in the Sixth Century A.D.". In R. C. Majumdar (ed.). A Comprehensive History of India. Vol. 3, Part I: A.D. 300-985. Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House. OCLC 34008529.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ a b H. A. Phadke (1990). Haryana, Ancient and Medieval. Harman. ISBN 978-81-85151-34-2.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ R. B. Singh (1964). History of the Chāhamānas. N. Kishore. OCLC 11038728.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ a b Axworthy, Michael (2009)
- ^ D. C. Miglani (1993). Politics and Rural Power Struggle: Emerging Trends. Deep and Deep Publications. ISBN 81-7100-578-0.
- ^ "Babu Mool Chand Jain Comprehensive Archives".
- ^ "Station: Karnal Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 395–396. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
- ^ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M65. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
- ^ [1], official website.
- ^ [2], official website.
- ^ Maharana Pratap Horticultural University, Karnal, official website.
- ^ [3], official website.
- ^ pratap, publicschool. "Pratap Public School Karnal". pratappublicschool.com.
- ^ "Cleanliness survey: Karnal city needs toilets to improve rank". The Tribune. 17 March 2019. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
- ^ "Karnal to be developed as smart city".
- ^ "Only 98 cities instead of 100 announced: All questions answered about the smart cities project". 28 August 2015.
- ^ "63th death anniversary of Liaquat Ali Khan being observed today". The News Teller.
- ^ India, Press Trust of (26 March 2018). "Anish wins India's third individual gold in Jr. World Cup". Business Standard India.
External links
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