List of state leaders in the 17th century

State leaders in the 16th century – State leaders in the 18th century – State leaders by year

This is a list of state leaders in the 17th century (1601–1700) AD, except for the many leaders within the Holy Roman Empire.

These polities are generally sovereign states, but excludes minor dependent territories, whose leaders can be found listed under territorial governors in the 17th century. For completeness, these lists can include colonies, protectorates, or other dependent territories that have since gained sovereignty.

Africa

Africa: Central

Angola

Kingdom of Kongo (complete list) –

Kwilu dynasty

Álvaro II, Manikongo (1587–1614)
Bernardo II, Manikongo (1614–1615)
Álvaro III, Manikongo (1615–1622)

Kinkanga dynasty

Pedro II, Manikongo (1622–1624)
Garcia I, Manikongo (1624–1626)

Kwilu dynasty

Ambrósio I, Manikongo (1626–1631)
Álvaro IV, Manikongo (1631–1636)

Kimpanzu dynasty

Álvaro V, Manikongo (1636)

Kinlaza dynasty

Álvaro VI, Manikongo (1636–1641)
Garcia II, Manikongo (1641–1660)
António I, Manikongo (1660–1665)

Civil War: Awenekongo

Afonso II, Manikongo (1665)
Álvaro VII, Manikongo (1665–1666)
Álvaro VIII, Manikongo (1666–1669)
Pedro III, Manikongo (1669)
Álvaro IX, Manikongo (1669–1670)
Rafael I, Manikongo (1670–1673)
Afonso III, Manikongo (1673–1674)
Daniel I, Manikongo (1674–1678)

Kongo claimants of Kibangu (complete list) –

Garcia III of Kibangu, Awenekongo (1669–1685)
André I of Kibangu, Awenekongo (1685)
Manuel I of Kibangu, Awenekongo (1685–1688)
Álvaro X of Kibangu, Awenekongo (1688–1695)
Pedro IV, Awenekongo (1695–1709)

Kongo claimants of Lemba (complete list) –

Pedro III, Awenekongo (1669–1680)
João II of Lemba, Awenekongo (1680–1716)

Kongo claimants of Mbamba Lovata (complete list) –

Manuel of Lovata, Awenekongo (1678–1715)

Kingdom of Matamba (complete list) –

Mwongo Matamba, Queen (?–1631)
Nzinga Mbande, Queen (1631–1663)
Barbara, Queen (1663–1666)
Njinga Mona, King (1666–1669)
João, King (1669–1670)
Njinga Mona, King (1670–1680)
Francisco I, King (1680–1681)
Verónica I, Queen (1681–1721)

Portuguese Angola, (complete list) –

Colony, 1575–1951

For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Cameroon

Kingdom of Bamum (complete list) –

Ngapna, Mfon (1590–1629)
Ngouloure, Mfon (1629–1672)
Koutou, Mfon (1672–1757)

Chad

Sultanate of Bagirmi (complete list) –

‘Abdallah, Mbangi (1568–1608)
‘Umar (1608–1625)
Dalai, Mbangi (1625–1635)
Burkomanda I, Mbangi (1635–1665)
‘Abdul Rahman I, Mbangi (1665–1674)
Dalo Birni, Mbangi (1674–1680)
‘Abdul Qadir I, Mbangi (1680–1707)

Congo: Belgian

Kuba Kingdom (complete list)^[1] –

Shamba Bolongongo, Nyim (c.1600)
Bongo Lenge, Nyim (17th century)
Golo Bosh, Nyim (17th century)
Boni Bosh, Nyim (17th century)
Kongo Kama Bomanchala, Nyim (17th century)
Bo Kama Bomanchala, Nyim (c.1680)
Golo Boke, Nyim (late 17th century)
Bokere Boke, Nyim (late 17th century)
KotomBoke, Nyim (17th or 18th century)

Kingdom of Lunda (complete list) –

Cibind Yirung, Mwaantaangaand (c.1600–c.1630)
Yaav I a Yirung, Mwaantaangaand (c.1630–c.1660)
Yaav II a Nawej, Mwaantaangaand (c.1660–c.1690)
Mbala I Yaav, Mwaant Yaav (c.1690–c.1720)

Congo: French

Kingdom of Loango (complete list) –

Moe Poaty I Kamangou, King (16th or 17th century)
Ngouli N'Kama Loembe, King (17th century)
N'Gangue M'voumbe Niambi, King (late 17th century)

Gabon

Kingdom of Orungu (complete list) –

Reto Ndongo, Founder (c.1700–?)

São Tomé and Príncipe

Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe (complete list) –

Colony, 1470–1951

For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Africa: East

Great Lakes area

Burundi

Kingdom of Burundi (complete list) –

Ntare I Rushatsi Cambarantama, King (c.1530–c.1550)
Mwezi I Baridamunka, King (c.1550–c.1580)
Mutaga I Mutabazi, King (c.1580–c.1600)
Mwambutsa I Nkomati, King (c.1600–c.1620)
Ntare II Kibogora, King (c.1620–c.1650)
Mwezi II Nyaburunga, King (c.1650–c.1680)
Ntare I, King (c.1680–c.1709)

Kenya

Sultanate of Mombasa (complete list) –

Yusuf ibn al-Hasan (1614–1632)

Sultanate of Mombasa (complete list) –

Independence disputed with Oman

‘Ali ibn Uthman al-Mazru‘i, Sultan (1746–1755)
Masud ibn Naisr al-Mazru‘i, Sultan (1755–1773)
Abdallah ibn Muhammad al-Mazru‘i, Sultan (1773–1782)
Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Mazru‘i, Sultan (1782–1811)
‘Abd Allah ibn Ahmad al-Mazru‘i, Sultan (1811–1823)

Rwanda

Kingdom of Rwanda (complete list) –

Kigeli II Nyamuheshera, King (1576–1609)
Mibamwe II Sekarongoro II Gisanura, King (1609–1642)
Yuhi III Mazimpaka, King (1642–1675)
Cyilima II Rujugira, King (1675–1708)

Uganda

Buganda (complete list) –

Suuna I, Kabaka (c.1584–c.1614)
Sekamaanya, Kabaka (c.1614–c.1634)
Kimbugwe, Kabaka (c.1634–c.1644)
Kateregga, Kabaka (c.1644–c.1674)
Mutebi I, Kabaka (c.1674–c.1680)
Juuko, Kabaka (c.1680–c.1690)
Kayemba, Kabaka (c.1690–c.1704)

Bunyoro (complete list) –

Cwamali, Omukama
Masamba, Omukama
Anabwani I, Omukama (late 17th century)
Kyebambe I, Omukama
Winyi III, Omukama
Nyaika, Omukama

Horn of Africa area

Ethiopia

Ethiopian Empire: Solomonic dynasty (complete list) –

Za Dengel, Emperor (1603–1604)
Yaqob, Emperor (1597–1603, 1604–1606)
Susenyos I, Emperor (1606–1632)
Fasilides, Emperor (1632–1667)
Yohannes I, Emperor (1667–1682)
Iyasu I, Emperor (1682–1706)

Kingdom of Garo (complete list)^[2] –

Magela, Tato (1600–1630)
Daro, Tato (1630–1660)
Chowaka, Tato (1660–1690)
Leliso, Tato (1690–1720)

Kingdom of Garo (complete list) –

Ambiraj, Tato (1567–1600)^[3]
Magela, Tato (1600–1630)
Daro, Tato (1630–1660)
Chowaka, Tato (1660–1690)
Leliso, Tato (1690–1720)

Kingdom of Kaffa (complete list)^[4] –

Bong-he or Borrete or Bongatato, King (1565–1605)
Giba Nekiok or Bonge or Galo Nechocho, King (1605–1640)
Gali Gafocho or Gali Ginok, King (1640–1675)
Gali Ginocho or Tan Ginok, King (1675–1710)

Ennarea (complete list)^[5] –

Badancho, Hinnare-tato (c.1580–1603)
Benero, Hinnare-tato (c.1605–1619)
Sysgayo, Hinnare-tato (c.1619–1630)
Emana Krestos, Hinnare-tato (c.1630–1640)
Gumičo, Hinnare-tato (c.1650–1645)
Techochi, Hinnare-tato (mid 17th century)
Gaha Nechocho, Hinnare-tato (mid 17th century)
Gawa Sherocho, Hinnare-tato (late 17th century)

Welayta (complete list)^[6] –

Gazenja, Kawa (17th century)
Gazenya
Addayo, Kawa (17th century)

Somalia

Warsangali Sultanate (complete list) –

Garaad Abdale, King (1585–1612)
Garaad Ali, King (1612–1655)
Garaad Mohamud IV, King (1655–1675)
Garaad Naleye, King (1675–1705)

Indian Ocean

Comoros

Sultanate of Ndzuwani (complete list) –

Alimah III, Sultan/female ruler (c.1676–c.1711)

Madagascar

Merina Kingdom (complete list) –

Ralambo, King (1575–1612)
Andrianjaka, King (1612–1630)
Andriantsitakatrandriana, King (1630–1650)
Andriantsimitoviaminandriandehibe, King (1650–1670)
Andrianjaka Razakatsitakatrandriana, King (1670–1675)
Andriamasinavalona, King (1675–1710)

Africa: Northcentral

Tunisia

Eyalet of Tunis: Muradid dynasty –

Murad I, Bey (1613–1631)
Hammuda Pasha, Bey (1631–1666)
Murad II, Bey (1666–1675)
Mohamed El Mouradi, Bey (1686–1696)

Africa: Northeast

Egypt

Sudan

Sultanate of Darfur (complete list) –

Sulayman Solong, Sultan (c.1660–c.1680)
Musa Sulayman, Sultan (c.1680–?)

Funj Sultanate of Sennar (complete list) –

Unsa I, Sultan (1591–1603/4)^[7]^[8]
Abd al-Qadir II, Sultan (1603/4–1606)
Adlan I, Sultan (1606–1611/2)
Badi I, Sultan (1611/2–1616/7)
Rabat I, Sultan (1616/7–1644/5)
Badi II, Sultan (1644/5–1681)
Unsa II, Sultan (1681–1692)
Badi III, Sultan (1692–1716)

Africa: Northwest

Algeria

Regency of Algiers (Sultans / Governors) –

Vassal state, 1671–1830

Ismail, Pasha (1659–1686)
Mezzo Morto Hüseyin, Pasha (1686–1687)
Mustapha V, Pasha (1694)
Umar Pasha, Pasha (1694–1695)
Musa, Pasha (1695–1698)
Umar Pasha, Pasha (1698–1700)

Pashas without power, 1700–1711

Morocco

Saadi dynasty of Morocco (complete list) –

Ahmad al-Mansur, Sultan (1578–1603)

Succession war: 1603–1627

Abu Faris Abdallah, Sultan (1603–1608)
Zidan Abu Maali, Sultan (1603–1627)
Abd al-Malik II, Sultan (1627–1631)
Al-Walid ibn Zidan, Sultan (1631–1636)
Mohammed esh-Sheikh es-Seghir, Sultan (1636–1655)
Ahmad al-Abbas, Sultan (1655–1659)

Morocco, Dila'i interlude (complete list) –

Muhammad al-Haj ad-Dila'i, Sultan (1659–1663)

Alaouite dynasty of Morocco (complete list) –

Al-Rashid, Sultan (1666–1672)
Ismail Ibn Sharif, Sultan (1672–1727)

Africa: South

Mozambique

Portuguese Mozambique (complete list) –

Colony, 1498–1972

For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

South Africa

Dutch Cape Colony (complete list) –

Company rule of the Dutch East India Company, 1652–1795; British occupation, 1795–1803

For details see the Netherlands under western Europe

Zimbabwe

Rozwi Empire –

Changamire Dombo, King (c.1660–c.1695)

Africa: West

Benin

Abomey (complete list) –

Do-Aklin, ruler (c.1600)
Dakodonou, ruler (c.1625–1645)

Benin Empire (complete list) –

Ehengbuda, Oba (1580–1602)^[9]
Ohuan, Oba (1602–1656)
Ohenzae, Oba (1656–1661)
Akenzae, Oba (1661–1669)
Akengboi, Oba (1669–1675)
Akenkpaye, Oba (1675–1684)
Akengbedo, Oba (1684–1689)
Ore-Oghene, Oba (1689–1701)

Burkina Faso

Mossi Kingdom of Nungu (complete list) –

Kampadiboaghi, Nunbado (1571–1615)
Kampadi, Nunbado (1615–1659)
Tantiari, Nunbado (1659–1684)
Lissoangui, Nunbado (1684–1709)

Cape Verde

Portuguese Cape Verde (complete list) –

Colony, 1462–1951

For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Ghana

Kingdom of Ashanti (complete list) –

Osei Kofi Tutu I, Asantehene (c.1675/80–1717)

Guinea-Bissau

Portuguese Guinea (complete list) –

Colony, 1474–1951

For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Mali

Kénédougou Kingdom –

Nanka Traoré, Faama (c.1650–?)

Niger

Dendi Kingdom (complete list) –

al-Mustafa, Askiya (c.1600)
Muhammad Sorko-ije, Askiya (early 17th century)
Harun Dankataya, Askiya (early 17th century)
al-Amin, Askiya (1611–1618)^[10]
Dawud II, Askiya (1618–1639)^[11]
Ismail, Askiya (c.1639)
Muhammad, Askiya (1639)
Dawud III, Askiya (1639–?)
Muhammad Borgo, Askiya (early 17th century)
Mar-Chindin, Askiya (early 17th century)
Nuh II, Askiya (early 17th century)
Muhammad Al-Borko, Askiya (early 17th century)
Al-Hajj, Askiya (mid 17th century)
Ismail, Askiya (mid 17th century)
Dawud III, Askiya (c.1655)

Nigeria

Bornu Empire (Kanem–Bornu)^[12] (complete list) –

Muhammed VI Bukalmarami, Mai (1596–1612)
Ibrahim III of Bornu, Mai (1612–1619)
Umar, Mai (1619–1639)
Ali II, Mai (1639–1677)
Idris IV of Bornu, Mai (1677–1696)
Dunama VII, Mai (1696–1715)

Oyo Empire (complete list) –

Abipa, Alaafin (c.1600–?)
Obalokun, Alaafin (17th century)
Oluodo, Alaafin (17th century)
Ajagbo, Alaafin (17th century)
Odarawu, Alaafin (17th century)
Kanran, Alaafin (17th century)
Jayin, Alaafin (17th century or 18th century)

Sultanate of Kano (complete list) –

Muhammad Zaki, Sultan (1582–1618)
Muhammad Nazaki, Sultan (1618–1623)
Kutumbi, Sultan (1623–1648)
al-Hajj, Sultan (1648–1649)
Shekarau (emir), Sultan (1649–1651)
Muhammad Kukuna, Sultan (1651–1652, 1652–1660)
Soyaki, Sultan (1652)
Bawa, Sultan (1660–1670)
Dadi, Sultan (1670–1703)

Kingdom of Nri (complete list) –

Eze Nri Agụ, King (1583–1676)
Eze Nri Apia and Nri–Alike, King (1677–1700)

Senegal

Jolof / Wolof Empire (complete list) –

Gireun Buri Dyelen, Buur-ba (1597–1605)
Birayma Penda, Buur-ba (1605–1649)
Birayma Mba, Buur-ba (1649–1670)
Bakar Penda, Buur-ba (1670–1711)

Cayor (complete list) –

Lat Sukabe, Damel (1697–1719)

Sierra Leone

Kingdom of Koya (complete list) –

Naimbanna I, Bai (1680–1720)

Asia

Asia: Central

Kazakhstan

Dzungar Khanate (complete list) –

Khara Khula, Khong Tayiji (early 1600s–1634)
Erdeni Batur, Khong Tayiji (1634–1653)
Sengge, Khong Tayiji (1653–1670)
Galdan Boshugtu, Khong Tayiji (1670–1697)
Tsewang Arabtan, Khong Tayiji (1694–1727)

Kazakh Khanate (complete list) –

Esim, Khan (1598–1628)
Zhangir, Khan (1628–1652)
Batyr, Khan (1652–1680)
Tauke, Khan (1680–1718)

Tajikistan

Yarkent Khanate, Western Moghulistan (complete list) –

Muhammad, Khan (1591–1610)
Shudja ad-Din Ahmad, Khan (1610-1618)
Kuraysh, Khan (1618)
Abd al-Latif, Khan (1618–1630)
Ahmad, Khan (1630-1633)
Mahmud, Khan (1633–1636)
Ahmad, Khan (1636-1638)
Abdullah, Khan (1638–1669)
Nur ad-Din, Khan (1667-1668)
Ismail, Khan (1669–1670)
YuIbars, Khan (1669–1670)
Abd al Latif, Khan (1670)
Ismail, Khan (1670-1680)
Abd ar-Rashid II, Khan (1680-1682)
Muhammad Amin, Khan (1682-1692)
Abakh Khoja, Khan (1692–1694)
Yahiya Khoja, Khan (1694–1695)
Hanim Padsha, Khatun (1695)
Akbash, Khan (1695-1705)

Tibet

Guge^[13]

Khri Grags pa'i dBang phyug, King (c.1600)
Khri Nam rgyal Grags pa lde, King (fl. 1618)
Khri bKra shis Grags pa lde, King (pre-1622–1630)

Phagmodrupa dynasty^[14] (complete list) –

Ngawang Drakpa Gyaltsen, Monarch (1576–1603/1604)
Mipham Wanggyur Gyalpo, Monarch (1604–1613)
Mipham Sonam Wangchuk Drakpa Namgyal Palzang, Monarch (early 17th century)

Tsangpa^[15] (complete list) –

Khunpang Lhawang Dorje, Monarch (c.1582–1605/1606)
Karma Thutob Namgyal, Monarch (c.1586–1610)
Karma Tensung, Monarch (1599–1611)
Karma Phuntsok Namgyal, Monarch (1611–1620)
Karma Tenkyong, Monarch (1620–1642)

Khoshut Khanate of Tibet

Khans (complete list) –

Güshi, Khan (1642–1655)
Dayan, Khan (1655–1668)
Tenzin Dalai, Khan (1668–1696)
Tenzin Wangchuk, Khan (1696–1697)
Lha-bzang, Khan (1697–1717)

Dalai Lamas (complete list) –

Ngawang Lobsang Gyatso, 5th Dalai Lama (1642–1682)
Tsangyang Gyatso, 6th Dalai Lama (1697–1706)

Uzbekistan

Khanate of Bukhara –

Baqi Muhammad, Khan (1599–1605)
Vali Muhammad, Khan (1605–1611)
Imam Quli, Khan (1611–1642)
Nadir Muhammad, Khan (1642–1645)
Abdul Aziz, Khan (1645–1680)
Subhan Quli, Khan (1680–1702)^[16]^[17]^[18]

Khanate of Khiva (complete list) –

Haji Muhammad I, Khan (1558–1602)
Arab Muhammad I, Khan (1602–1623)
Isfandiyar, Khan (1623–1643)
Abu al-Ghazi Bahadur, Khan (1643–1663)
Anusha, Khan (1663–1685)
unnamed, Khan (1685-1714)
Khudaydad, Khan (1685–1687)
Muhammad Awrang I, Khan (1687–1694)
Chuchaq, Khan (1694–1697)
Vali, Khan (1697–1698)
Ishaq Agha Shah Niyaz, Khan (1698–1701)

Kalmyk Khanate (complete list) –

Kho Orluk, Khan (1633–1644)
Shukhur Daichin, Khan (1644–1661)
Puntsug, Khan (1661–1672)
Ayuka, Khan (1672–1723)

Asia: East

China

Ming dynasty (complete list) –

Wanli, Emperor (1572–1620)
Taichang, Emperor (1620)
Tianqi, Emperor (1620–1627)
Chongzhen, Emperor (1627–1644)

Southern Ming (complete list) –

Zhu Yousong, Emperor (1644–1645)
Zhu Yujian, Emperor (1645–1646)
Zhu Yihai, Regent / Emperor (1645–1655)
Zhu Yuyue, Emperor (1646–1647)
Zhu Youlang, ruler (1646–1647)
Zhu Changqing, ruler (1648–1649)

Shun dynasty –

Li Zicheng, Emperor (1643–1645)

Qing dynasty (complete list) –

Nurhaci, Khan (1616–1626)
Hong Taiji, Khan (1626–1636), Emperor (1636–1643)
Shunzhi, Emperor (1643–1661)
Kangxi, Emperor (1661–1722)

Japan

Tokugawa shogunate of Japan

Emperors (complete list) –

Go-Yōzei, Emperor (1586–1611)
Go-Mizunoo, Emperor (1611–1629)
Meishō, Emperor (1629–1643)
Go-Kōmyō, Emperor (1643–1654)
Go-Sai, Emperor (1655–1663)
Reigen, Emperor (1663–1687)
Higashiyama, Emperor (1687–1709)

Shōguns (complete list) –

Tokugawa Ieyasu, Shōgun (1603–1605)
Tokugawa Hidetada, Shōgun (1605–1623)
Tokugawa Iemitsu, Shōgun (1623–1651)
Tokugawa Ietsuna, Shōgun (1641–1680)
Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, Shōgun (1680–1709)

Ryukyu Kingdom: Second Shō Dynasty –

Tributary state of the Ming dynasty, 1429–1644

Shō Nei, King (1589–1620)

Vassal state of Satsuma Domain, 1609–1872

Shō Hō, King (1621–1640)
Shō Ken, King (1641–1647)
Shō Shitsu, King (1648–1668)
Shō Tei, King (1669–1709)

Korea

Joseon (complete list) –

Seonjo, King (1567–1608)
Gwanghaegun, King (1608–1623)
Injo, King (1623–1649)
Hyojong, King (1649–1659)
Hyeonjong, King (1659–1674)
Sukjong, King (1674–1720)

Mongolia

Alliance of the Four Oirat (complete list) –

Kharkhul, leader (1606–1634)

Northern Yuan dynasty (complete list) –

Buyan Sechen, Khan (1592–1603)
Ligdan, Khan (1604–1634)
Ejei, Khan (1634–1635)

Asia: Southeast

Brunei

Bruneian Empire (complete list) –

Abdul Jalilul Akbar, Sultan (1598–1659)
Abdul Jalilul Jabbar, Sultan (1659–1660)
Muhammad Ali, Sultan (1660–1661)
Abdul Hakkul Mubin, Sultan (1660–1673)
Muhyiddin, Sultan (1673–1690)
Nassaruddin, Sultan (1690–1710)

Cambodia

Kingdom of Cambodia: Middle Period (complete list) –

Ponhea Nhom, King (1600–1603)
Barom Reachea IV, King (1603–1618)
Chey Chettha II, King (1618–1628)
Outey, King (1628–1642)
Thommoreachea II or Sri Dharmaraja II, King (1628–1630)
Batom Reachea or Padumaraja I, King (1640–1642)
Ramathipadi I, King (1642–1658)
Barom Reachea V or Paramaraja IX, King (1658–1672)
Chey Chettha III or Padumaraja II, King (1672–1673)
Kaev Hua II, King (1673–1674)
Padumaraja III, King (1674)
Chey Chettha IV, King (1675–1695, 1696–1699, 1700–1702, 1703–1706)
Outey I or Narai Ramathipadi II, King (1695–1696)
Barom Ramadhipati or Kaev Hua III, King (1699–1700, 1710–1722)

Indonesia

Indonesia: Java

Tuban –

Arya Salempe, King (16th/17th century)
Pangeran Dalem, King (?–1619)

Giri –

Sunan Prapen, Sultan (1548–1605)
Panembahan Kawis Gua, Sultan (1605–1621)
Panembahan Agung, Sultan (1621–1626)
Panembahan Mas Witana, Sultan (1626–1680)

Duchy of Surabaya (complete list) –

Panembahan Rama, Adipati (16th/17th century)
Pangeran Surabaya, Adipati (16th/17th century)
Pangeran Sunjaya, Adipati (17th century)
Raden Jayalengkara, Adipati (?–1625)

Blambangan Kingdom (complete list) –

Mas Karian, King (?–1632)
Sunan Tawang Alun I, King (1633–1639)
Tawang Alun II, King (1665–1691)
Pangeran Pati, King (1691)
Sasranegara, Co-King (1691–1692)
Mancanapura, King (1691–1697)
Pangeran Putr, King (1697–1736)

Pasuruan –

Adipati Pekik, King (?–1614)^[19]
Ki Gede Kapulungan, Regent (c.1614–1616/17)
Surapati, Wiranegara I, Sultan (1686–1706)

Banten Sultanate (complete list) –

Pangeran Ratu, Sultan (1596–1651)^[20]
Abu’lma’ali Ahmad, Sultan (1638–c.1650)
Ageng Tirtayasa, Sultan (1651–1683)
Abu an-Nasr, Sultan (1682–1687)
Abdul Fadhl, Sultan (1687–1690)
Abdul Mahasin Muhammad Zainulabidin, Sultan (1690–1733)

Sultanate of Cirebon (complete list) –

Panembahan Ratu, Sultan (c.1570–1649)
Panembahan Girilaya, Sultan (c.1650–1662)

Split into the Kraton Kasepuhan, Kraton Kanoman, Kraton Kacirebonan, Panembahan Cirebon lines

Cirebon, Keraton Kasepuhan (complete list) –

Sepuh I Syamsuddin, Sultan (1662–1697)^[21]
Sepuh II Jamaluddin, Sultan (1697–1723)

Cirebon, Kraton Kanoman (complete list) –

Anom I Badruddin, Sultan (1662–1703)^[22]

Cirebon, Panembahan line (complete list) –

Panembahan Cirebon I Muhammad Nasruddin, Sultan (1662–1714)^[23]

Cirebon, Kraton Kacirebonan (complete list) –

Pangeran Arya Cirebon, Kamaruddin, Sultan (1697–1723)^[24]

Bangkalan –

Raden Kara, Sultan (1592/6–1621)^[25]
Pangeran Mas, Sultan (1621–1624)
Cakraningrat I, Sultan (1624–1648)
Raden Demang Malaya Kusuma, Regent (1648–1656)
Cakraningrat II, Sultan (1648–1707)

Sumenep –

Pangeran Wetan, Sultan (c.1600)^[26]
Pangeran Ellor II, Sultan (?–1624)
Kyai Mas Anggadipa, Sultan (1624–?)
Arya Yang Pati, Sultan (?–1671)
Yudanegara, Sultan (1671–1684)
Pulang Jiwa, Sultan (1684–1702)

Pamekasan –

Adikara I, Sultan (1685–1708)^[27]

Mataram Sultanate (complete list) –

Senopati, Sultan (1587–1601)
Raden Mas Jolang, Sultan (1601–1613)
Agung, Sultan (1613–1645)
Amangkurat I, Sultan (1646–1677)
Amangkurat II, Susuhunan (1677–1703)

Indonesia: Sumatra

Aceh Sultanate (complete list) –

Alauddin Ri'ayat Syah Sayyid al-Mukammal, Sultan (1589–1604)
Ali Ri'ayat Syah III, Sultan (1604–1607)
Iskandar Muda, Sultan (1607–1636)
Iskandar Thani, Sultan (1636–1641)
Taj ul-Alam, Queen (1641–1675)
Nurul Alam Naqiatuddin Syah, Queen (1675–1678)
Inayat Zakiatuddin Syah, Queen (1678–1688)
Zainatuddin, Queen (1688–1699)
Badr ul-Alam Syarif Hasyim Jamaluddin, Sultan (1699–1702)

Johor Sultanate (complete list) –

Alauddin Riayat Shah III, Sultan (1597–1615)
Abdullah Ma'ayat Shah, Sultan (1615–1623)
Abdul Jalil Shah III, Sultan (1623–1677)
Ibrahim Shah, Sultan (1677–1685)
Mahmud Shah II, Sultan (1685–1699)
Abdul Jalil Shah IV (Bendahara Abdul Jalil), Sultan (1699–1720)

Sultanate of Deli (complete list) –

Gocah Pahlawan, Sultan (1632–1669)
Perunggit, Sultan (1669–1698)
Tuanku Panglima Paderap, Sultan (1698–1728)

Sultanate of Langkat –

Panglima Dewa Sakti, Raja (1580–1612)
Kahar bin Panglima Dewa Sakdi, Raja (1612–1673)
Bendahara Raja Badiuzzaman, Raja (1673–1750)

Riau-Lingga Sultanate (complete list) –

Alauddin Riayat Shah III, Sultan (1597–1615)
Abdullah Ma'ayat Shah, Sultan (1615–1623)
Abdul Jalil Shah III, Sultan (1623–1677)
Ibrahim Shah, Sultan (1677–1685)
Mahmud Shah II, Sultan (1685–1699)
Abdul Jalil Shah IV, Sultan (1699–1720)

Jambi Sultanate –
Hilir Jambi, Sultan (1687–1696)

Sultan Sri Maharaja Batu, Sultan (1690–1721)

Indonesia: Kalimantan (Borneo)

Kutai Kartanegara Sultanate –

Aji Pangeran Sinum Panji Mendapa, Sultan (c.1635–1650)

Sultanate of Banjar (complete list) –

Mustain Billah, Sultan (1595–1638)
Inayatullah bin Mustainbillah, Sultan (1642–1647)
Saidullah, Sultan (1647–1660)
Ri'ayatullah, Sultan (1660–1663)
Amrullah Bagus Kasuma, Sultan (1663–1679)
Agung/Pangeran Suryanata II, Sultan (1663–1679)
Amrullah Bagus Kasuma, Sultan (1679–1700)
Tahmidullah I, Sultan (1700–1717)

Sultanate of Sambas (complete list) –

Timbang Paseban, Governor, Sultan (1600–1609)
Sepudak, King (1609–1632)
Anom Kesumayuda, King (1632–1670)
Muhammad Shafi ud-din I, Sultan (1675–1685)
Muhammad Taj ud-din I, Sultan (1685–1708)

Bulungan –

Kelana, Putera Singa Laut, Wira (1618–1640)
Keranda, Putera Wira Kelana, Wira (1640–1695)
Digendung, putra Wira Keranda, Wira (1695–1731)

Indonesia: Sulawesi

Bone state –

Latenri Tuppu Matinro Ri Sidenreng, King (c.1605)

Sultanate of Gowa –

Alau'ddin, Sultan (1593–1639)
Malikussaid (Muhammad Said), Sultan (1639–1653)
Hasanuddin, Sultan (1653–1669)
Amir Hamzah, Sultan (1669–1674)
Muhammad Ali (Karaeng Bisei), Sultan (1674–1677)
Abdul Jalil, Sultan (1677–1709)

Luwu –

Andi Pattiware’ Daeng Parabung, Datu (1587–1615)
Patipasaung, Datu (1615–1637)
La Basso, Datu (1637–1663)
Settiaraja, Datu (1663–1704)
Petta Matinroe’ ri Polka, Datu (1660s)

Indonesia: Lesser Sunda Islands

Bali Kingdom: Gelgel (complete list) –

Dalem Seganing, King (c.1580–1623 or ?–1650)
Dalem Di Made, King (1623–1642 or 1655–1665)
Dewa Pacekan, King (1642–1650)
Dewa Cawu, King (1651–c.1655)
Anglurah Agung, usurper King (c.1665–1686)

Kingdom of Larantuka –

Ola Adobala, Raja (c.1665)
Luis, Raja (c.1675)

Bima Sultanate (complete list) –

Abdul Kahir, Sultan (c.1620–1640)
Ambela Abu'l-Khair Sirajuddin, Sultan (1640–1682)
Nuruddin Abubakar Ali Syah, Sultan (1682–1687)
Jamaluddin Ali Syah, Sultan (1687–1696)
Hasanuddin Muhammad Ali Syah, Sultan (1697–1731)

Indonesia: West Timor

Amanatun (complete list) –

Pedro of Batumean, Raja (c.1642)
João of Batumean, Raja (c.1645)

Amarasi (complete list) –

Dom António I, Raja (?–1665)^[28]
Dom Tomás, Raja (1665–?)
Dom António II, Raja (c.1688)

Amabi (complete list) –

Sebastião, Raja (c.1652)
Saroro Neno, Raja (c.1655)
Ama Kefi Meu, Raja (1666–1704)

Sonbai Besar (complete list) –

Ama Tuan/ Ama Utang, Emperor (c.1650–c.1680)^[29]

Sonbai Kecil (complete list) –

Ama Tuan II, Raja (1659–1672)^[30]
Bi Sonbai/ Usi Tetu Utang, Queen (1672–1717)

Indonesia: Maluku Islands

Sultanate of Bacan (complete list) –

Alauddin I, Sultan (1581–c.1609)^[31]
Nurusalat, Sultan (c.1609–1649)
Muhammad Ali, Sultan (1649–1660)

Dutch protectorate 1667–1942

Alauddin II, Sultan (1660–1706)

Sultanate of Jailolo –

Kodrat, Sultan (?–c.1605)^[32]
Dua, Sultan (c.1605–1613)
Raja Buka, Sultan (1613–1656)
Kaicil Alam, Sultan (c.1679–1684)

Sultanate of Tidore (complete list) –

Mole Majimu, Sultan (1599–1627)^[33]
Ngarolamo, Sultan (1627–1634)
Gorontalo, Sultan (1634–1639)
Saidi, Sultan (1640–1657)
Saifuddin, Golofino, Sultan (1657–1689)

Dutch protectorate 1657–1905

Hamza Faharuddin, Sultan (1689–1705)

Sultanate of Ternate (complete list) –

Said Barakat Shah, Sultan (1583–1606)^{[citation needed]}
Muzaffar Shah I, Sultan (1607–1627)
Hamzah, Sultan (1627–1648)
Mandar Shah/ Manlarsaha, Sultan (1648–1650)
Manilha, Sultan (1650–1655)
Mandar Shah, Sultan (1655–1675)

Dutch protectorate 1683–1915

Sibori, Sultan (1675–1689)
Said Fathullah, Sultan (1689–1714)

Laos

Lan Xang (complete list) –

Voravongsa II, King (1598–1622)
Oupagnouvarath, King (1622–1623)
Photisarath II, King (1623–1627)
Mon Keo, King (1621–1622)
Tone Kham, King (1627–1633)
Vichai, King (1633–1637)
Souligna Vongsa, King (1637–1695)
Tian Thala, King (c.1695)
Ong Lo, King (1694–1698)
Nan Tharat, King (1699)
Setthathirath II, King (1700–1707)

Muang Phuan (complete list) –

Kham Sanh, King (1651–1688)
Kam Lan, King (1688–1700)

Malaysia

Peninsular Malaysia

Kedah Sultanate (complete list) –

Mudzaffar Shah III, Sultan, (1547–1602)
Sulaiman Shah II, Sultan, (1602–1626)
Rijaluddin Muhammad Shah, Sultan, (1626–1652)
Muhyiddin Mansur Shah, Sultan, (1652–1662)
Dziaddin Mukarram Shah I, Sultan, (1662–1688)
Ataullah Muhammad Shah II, Sultan, (1688–1698)
Abdullah Mu'adzam Shah, Sultan, (1698–1706)

Kelantan Sultanate: Champa dynasty (complete list) –

Muhammad ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ibrahim, Sultan (1597–1602)
Addil ud-din, Sultan (1579–1597, 1602–1605)
Samir ud-din, Sultan (1605–1616)
'Abdu'l Kadir, Sultan (1616–1637)
Sakti I, Raja (1637–1649)
Loyor bin Raja Sakti I, Raja (1649–1663)
Puteri Saadong, Raja (1663–1667)
Sa'adong I, Rata (1667–1671)
Abdul Rahim, Sultan (1671–1676)
Omar Ibni Al-Marhum Raja Sakti I, Sultan (1675–1721)

Pahang Sultanate (complete list) –

Abdul Ghafur Muhiuddin Shah, Sultan (1592–1614)
Alauddin Riayat Shah, Sultan (1614–1615)
Abdul Jalil Shah III, Sultan of Pahang (1615–1617), Sultan of Johor (1623–1677)

Johor Sultanate (complete list) –

Alauddin Riayat Shah III, Sultan (1597–1615)
Abdullah Ma'ayat Shah, Sultan (1615–1623)
Abdul Jalil Shah III, Sultan of Pahang (1615–1617), Sultan of Johor (1623–1677)
Ibrahim Shah, Sultan (1677–1685)
Mahmud II, Sultan (1685–1699)
Abdul Jalil Shah IV, Sultan (1699–1720)

Perak Sultanate (complete list) –

Malacca dynasty

Alauddin Riayat Shah I, Sultan (1594–1603)
Mukaddam Riayat Shah I, Sultan (1603–1619)
Ahmad Mansur Riayat Shah II, Sultan (1619–1627)
Mahmud Riayat Shah I, Sultan (1627–1630)
Sallehuddin Riayat Shah, Sultan (1630–1636)

Siak dynasty

Muzaffar Riayat Shah II, Sultan (1636–1653)
Mahmud Iskandar Shah, Sultan (1653–1720)

Malaysian Borneo

Sultanate of Sarawak –

Tengah, Sultan (1599–1641)

Myanmar / Burma

Kingdom of Mrauk U (complete list) –

Razagyi, King (1593–1612)
Khamaung, King (1612–1622)
Thiri Thudhamma, King (1622–1638)
Sanay, King (1638)
Narapati, King (1638–1645)
Thado, King (1645–1652)
Sanda Thudhamma, King (1652–1674)
Thiri Thuriya, King (1674–1685)
Wara Dhammaraza, King (1685–1692)
Muni Thudhammaraza, King (1692–1694)
Sanda Thuriya I, King (1694–1696)
Nawrahta, King (1696)
Mayuppiya, King (1696–1697)
Kalamandat, King (1697–1698)
Naradipati, King (1698–1700)
Sanda Wimala I, King (1700–1707)

Toungoo dynasty (complete list) –

Nyaungyan, King (1599–1605)
Anaukpetlun, King (1605–1628)
Minye Deibba, King (1628–1629)
Thalun, King (1629–1648)
Pindale, King (1648–1661)
Pye, King (1661–1672)
Narawara, King (1672–1673)
Minye Kyawhtin, King (1673–1698)
Sanay Min, King (1698–1714)

Philippines

Sultanate of Sulu (complete list) –

Batarah Shah Tengah, Sultan (1596–1608)
Muwallil Wasit I, Sultan (1610–1650)
Muhammad Kudarat, Sultan of Maguindanao (1619–1671), Sultan of Sulu as Nasir ud-Din II (1645–1648)
Salah ud-Din, Sultan (1649/50–1680)
Ali Shah, Sultan (late 17th century)
Nur ul-Azam, ruler (late 17th century)
Shahab ud-Din, Sultan (1685–1710)

Sultanate of Maguindanao (complete list) –

Kapitan Laut Buisan, Sultan (1597–1619)
Muhammad Kudarat, Sultan of Maguindanao (1619–1671), Sultan of Sulu as Nasir ud-Din II (1645–1648)
Barahaman, Sultan (c.1678–1699)
Kahar Ud-din Kuda, Sultan (?–1702)

Spanish East Indies, part of the Captaincy General of the Philippines (complete list) –

Colony, 1565–1901

For details see Spain in southwest Europe

Thailand

Lan Na: Burmese rule (complete list) –

Nawrahta Minsaw, King (1579–1607/08)
Thado Minsaw (Phra Choi), King (1607/08–1608/09)
Minye Deibba (Phra Chaiyathip), King (1608/09–1614)
Thado Kyaw, King (1614)
Si Songmueang, King (1615–1631)
Thipphanet, Lord (1631–1655)
Phra Saenmueang, King (1655–1659)
King of Phrae, King (1659–1672)
Uengsae of Ava, Viceroy (1672–1675)
Che Putarai, King (1675–1707)

Ayutthaya Kingdom (complete list) –

Sukhothai dynasty

Naresuan, King of Sukhothai (1570–1590), King of Ayutthaya (1590–1605)
Ekathotsarot, King (1605–1620)
Si Saowaphak, King (1620)
Songtham, King (1620–1628)
Chetthathirat, King (1628–1629)
Athittayawong, King (1629)

Prasat Thong dynasty

Prasat Thong, King (1629–1656)
Chai, King (1656)
Si Suthammaracha, King (1656)
Narai, King (1656–1688)

Ban Phlu Luang dynasty

Phetracha, King (1688–1703)

Vietnam

Mạc dynasty (complete list) –

Mạc Kính Cung, Emperor (1593–1625)
Mạc Kính Khoan, Emperor (1623–1638)
Mạc Kính Vũ , Emperor (1638–1677)

Champa (complete list) –

Po Ro Me, King (1627–1651)
Po Niga, King (1652–1660)
Po Saut, King (1660–1692)
Po Saktirai da putih, King (1695–1728)

Revival Lê dynasty (complete list) –

Lê Kính Tông, Emperor (1600–1619)
Lê Thần Tông, Emperor (1619–1643, 1649–1662)
Lê Chân Tông, Emperor (1643–1649)
Lê Huyền Tông, Emperor (1663–1671)
Lê Gia Tông, Emperor (1672–1675)
Lê Hy Tông, Emperor (1676–1704)

Nguyễn lords (complete list) –

Nguyễn Hoàng, Lord (1558–1613)
Nguyễn Phúc Nguyên, Lord (1613–1635)
Nguyễn Phúc Lan, Lord (1635–1648)
Nguyễn Phúc Tần, Lord (1648–1687)
Nguyễn Phúc Thái, Lord (1687–1691)
Nguyễn Phúc Chu, Lord (1691–1725)

Trịnh lords (complete list) –

Trịnh Tùng, Lord (1570–1623)
Trịnh Tráng, Lord (1623–1652)
Trịnh Tạc, Lord (1653–1682)
Trịnh Căn, Lord (1682–1709)

Asia: South

Bengal

Mallabhum (complete list) –

Bir Hambir, King (1565–1620)
Dhari Hambir Malla Dev, King (1620–1626)
Raghunath Singha Dev, King (1626–1656)
Bir Singha Dev, King (1656–1682)
Durjan Singha Dev, King (1682–1702)

Bhurshut (complete list) –

Pratapnarayan, Maharaja (17th century)
Naranarayan, Maharaja (17th century)
Lakshminarayan, Maharaja (c.1695–1712)

Jaintia Kingdom

Dhan Manik, King (1596–1612)
Jasa Manik, King (1612–1625)
Sundar Ray, King (1625–1636)
Chota Parbat Ray, King (1636–1647)
Jasamanta Ray, King (1647–1660)
Ban Singh, King (1660–1669)
Pratap Singh, King (1669–1678)
Lakshmi Narayan, King (1678–1694)
Ram Singh I, King (1694–1708)

Bhutan

Bhutan (complete list) –

Tenzin Drukgye, Druk Desis (1650–1655)
Tenzin Drukdra, Druk Desis (1655–1667)
Minjur Tenpa, Druk Desis (1667–1680)
Tenzin Rabgye, Druk Desis (1680–1694)
Gedun Chomphel, Druk Desis (1695–1701)

Maldives

Sultanate of the Maldives (complete list) –

Hilaalee Dynasty

Dom Philippe, King (1603–1632)

Utheemu dynasty

Muhammad Imaduddin I, Sultan (1632–1648)
Ibrahim Iskandar I, Sultan (1648–1687)
Kuda Muhammad, Sultan (1687–1691)
Muhammad Mohyeddine, Sultan (1691–1692)

Hilaalee Dynasty

Muhammad Shamsuddeen I, Sultan (1692)

Isdhoo Dynasty

Mohamed IV, Sultan (1692–1701)

Nepal

Gorkha Kingdom –

Dravya Shah, King (1559–1570)
Purna Shah, King (1570–1605)
Chatra Shah, King (1605–1609)
Ram Shah, King (1609–1633)
Dambar Shah, King (1633–1645)
Krishna Shah, King (1645–1661)
Rudra Shah, King (1661–1673)
Prithvipati Shah, King (1673–1716)
Ganesh Pande, Kaji(Minister) (1559-1606)

Sri Lanka

Portuguese Ceylon (complete list) –

Colony, 1505–1658

For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Dutch Ceylon (complete list) –

Colony, 1656–1796

For details see the Dutch Republic under Western Europe

Kingdom of Kandy (complete list) –

Vimaladharmasuriya I, King (1590–1604)
Senarat, King (1604–1635)
Rajasinghe II, King (1635–1687)
Vimaladharmasurya II, King (1687–1707)

Jaffna Kingdom (complete list) –

Ethirimana Cinkam, King (1591–1616)
Cankili II, King (1617–1619)
Don Constantine, King (1619–1624, Portuguese puppet)

Kingdom of Kandy (complete list) –

Sena Sammatha Wickramabahu, King (1473–1511)
Jayaweera Astana, King (1511–1551)
Karaliyadde Bandara, King (1551–1581)
Dona Catherina, King (1581–1581)
Rajasinha I, King (1581–1591)
Vimaladharmasuriya I, King (1590–1604)
Senarat, King (1604–1635)
Rajasinghe II, King (1635–1687)
Vimaladharmasurya II, King (1687–1707)

Asia: West

Turkey

Ottoman Empire

Sultans –

Mehmed III, Sultan (1595–1603)
Ahmed I, Sultan (1603–1617)
Mustafa I, Sultan (1617–1618, 1622–1623)
Osman II, Sultan (1618–1622)
Murad IV, Sultan (1623–1640)
Ibrahim I, Sultan (1640–1648)
Mehmed IV, Sultan (1648–1687)
Suleiman II, Sultan (1687–1691)
Ahmed II, Sultan (1691–1695)
Mustafa II, Sultan (1695–1703)

Grand Viziers –

Damat Ibrahim Pasha, Grand Vizier (1599–1601)
Yemişçi Hasan Pasha, Grand Vizier (1601–1603)
Yavuz Ali Pasha, Grand Vizier (1603–1604)
Sokolluzade Lala Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1604–1606)
Boşnak Derviş Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1606)
Kuyucu Murad Pasha, Grand Vizier (1606–1611)
Nasuh Pasha, Grand Vizier (1611–1614)
Öküz Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1614–1616)
Damat Halil Pasha, Grand Vizier (1616–1619)
Öküz Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1619–1619)
Güzelce Ali Pasha, Grand Vizier (1619–1621)
Ohrili Hüseyin Pasha, Grand Vizier (1621)
Dilaver Pasha, Grand Vizier (1621–1622)
Kara Davud Pasha, Grand Vizier (1622)
Mere Hüseyin Pasha, Grand Vizier (1622)
Lefkeli Mustafa Pasha, Grand Vizier (1622)
Gürcü Hadım Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1622–1623)
Mere Hüseyin Pasha, Grand Vizier (1623)
Kemankeş Kara Ali Pasha, Grand Vizier (1623–1624)
Çerkes Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1624–1625)
Filibeli Hafız Ahmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1625–1626)
Damat Halil Pasha, Grand Vizier (1626–1628)
Gazi Ekrem Hüsrev Pasha, Grand Vizier (1628–1631)
Hafiz Ahmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1631–1632)
Topal Recep Pasha, Grand Vizier (1632)
Tabanıyassı Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1632–1637)
Bayram Pasha, Grand Vizier (1637–1638)
Tayyar Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1638)
Kemankeş Mustafa Pasha, Grand Vizier (1638–1644)
Sultanzade Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1644–1645)
Nevesinli Salih Pasha, Grand Vizier (1645–1647)
Kara Musa Pasha, Grand Vizier (1647)
Hezarpare Ahmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1647–1648)
Sofu Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1648–1649)
Kara Murat Pasha, Grand Vizier (1649–1650)
Melek Ahmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1650–1651)
Abaza Siyavuş Pasha I, Grand Vizier (1651)
Gürcü Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1651–1652)
Tarhoncu Ahmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1652–1653)
Bıyıklı Koca Derviş Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1653–1654)
Ibşir Mustafa Pasha, Grand Vizier (1654–1655)
Kara Dev Murad Pasha, Grand Vizier (1655)
Ermeni Süleyman Pasha, Grand Vizier (1655)
Gazi Hüseyin Pasha, Grand Vizier (1656)
Zurnazen Mustafa Pasha, Grand Vizier (1656)
Abaza Siyavuş Pasha I, Grand Vizier (1656)
Boynuyaralı Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1656)
Köprülü Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1656–1661)
Köprülü Fazıl Ahmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1661–1676)
Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha, Grand Vizier (1676–1683)
Bayburtlu Kara Ibrahim Pasha, Grand Vizier (1683–1685)
Sarı Süleyman Pasha, Grand Vizier (1685–1687)
Abaza Siyavuş Pasha II, Grand Vizier (1687–1688)
Ayaşlı Ismail Pasha, Grand Vizier (1688)
Tekirdağlı Bekri Mustafa Pasha, Grand Vizier (1688–1689)
Köprülü Fazıl Mustafa Pasha, Grand Vizier (1689–1691)
Bahadırzade Arabacı Ali Pasha, Grand Vizier (1691–1692)
Merzifonlu Çalık Hacı Ali Pasha, Grand Vizier (1692–1693)
Bozoklu (Bıyıklı)Mustafa Pasha, Grand Vizier (1694)
Sürmeli Ali Pasha, Grand Vizier (1694–1695)
Elmas Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1695–1697)
Amcazade Köprülü Hüseyin Pasha, Grand Vizier (1697–1702)

Yemen

Kathiri State of Seiyun –

Dscha'far ibn 'Abdallah al-Kathir, Sultan (1670–1690)
Badr ibn Dscha'far al-Kathir, Sultan (1690–1707)

Yemeni Zaidi State –

al-Mansur al-Qasim, Imam (1597-1620)
al-Mu'ayyad Muhammad, Imam (1620-1640)
al-Mutawakkil Isma'il, Imam (1640-1676)
al-Mahdi Ahmad, Imam (1676-1681)
al-Mu'ayyad Muhammad II, Imam (1681-1686)
al-Mahdi Muhammad, Imam (1689-1718)

Lower Yafa –

Afif, ruler (1681–1700)
Qahtan ibn Afif, ruler (1700–1720)

Europe

Europe: Balkans

Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro (complete list) –

Danilo I, Prince-Bishop (1696–1735)

Europe: British Isles

Scotland

Kingdom of Scotland (complete list) –

James VI, King (1567–1625)
Charles I, King (1625–1649)
Charles II, King (1649–1651)
James VII, King (1651–1688)
Mary II, Queen co-regnant (1689–1694)
William II, King co-regnant (1689–1702)

Ireland

Leinster (complete list) –

Domhnall Spáinneach mac Murchadha Caomhánach, King (1582–1603)

Europe: Central

See also List of state leaders in the 17th-century Holy Roman Empire

Holy Roman Empire, Kingdom of Germany

Emperors Elect, Kings –

Rudolph II, Emperor Elect (1576–1612), King (1575–1612)
Matthias, Emperor Elect (1612–1619), King (1612–1618)
Ferdinand II, Emperor Elect (1619–1637), King (1618–1637)
Ferdinand III, Emperor Elect (1637–1657), King (1636–1657)
Ferdinand IV, co-King (1653–1654)
Leopold I, Emperor Elect, King (1658–1705)

Reichsvizekanzler: Vice Chancellor –

Rudolf Coraduz von und zu Nußdorf, Vice Chancellor (1597–1606)
Leopold von Stralendorf, Vice Chancellor (1606–1612)
Hans Ludwig von Ulm, Vice Chancellor (1612–1627)
Peter Heinrich von Stralendorf, Vice Chancellor (1627–1637)
Ferdinand Sigismund Graf Kurtz von Senftenau, Vice Chancellor (1637–1659)
Wilderich von Walderdorff, Vice Chancellor (1660–1669)
Leopold Wilhelm Graf von Königsegg-Rothenfels, Vice Chancellor (1669–1694)
Gottlieb Amadeus Graf von Windisch-Graetz, Vice Chancellor (1694–1695)
Dominik Andreas I. von Kaunitz, Vice Chancellor (1698–1705)

Poland

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth: Kingdom of Poland (complete list) –

Sigismund III Vasa, King and Grand Duke (1587–1632)
Władysław IV Vasa, King and Grand Duke (1632–1648)
John II Casimir Vasa, King and Grand Duke (1648–1668)
Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki, King and Grand Duke (1669–1673)
John III Sobieski, King and Grand Duke (1674–1696)
Augustus II the Strong, King and Grand Duke (1697–1706, 1709–1733)

Duchy of Prussia (complete list) –

Albert Frederick, Duke (1568–1618)
John Sigismund, Duke (1618–1619)
George William, Duke (1619–1640)
Frederick William, Duke (1640–1688)
Frederick I, Duke (1688–1701), King (1701–1713)

Europe: East

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth: Grand Duchy of Lithuania (complete list) –

Sigismund III Vasa, King and Grand Duke (1587–1632)
Władysław IV Vasa, King and Grand Duke (1632–1648)
John II Casimir Vasa, King and Grand Duke (1648–1668)
Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki, King and Grand Duke (1669–1673)
John III Sobieski, King and Grand Duke (1674–1696)
Augustus II the Strong, King and Grand Duke (1697–1706, 1709–1733)

Tsardom of Russia (complete list) –

Boris Godunov, Tsar (1598–1605)
Feodor II, Tsar (1605)
Dmitriy I, Tsar (1605–1606)
Vasili IV, Tsar (1606–1610)
Vladislav I, Tsar (1610–1612)
Michael I, Tsar (1613–1645)
Alexis, Tsar (1645–1676)
Feodor III, Tsar (1676–1682)
Peter I, Tsar (1682–1721), Emperor (1721–1725)
Ivan V, co-Tsar (1682–1696)

Europe: Nordic

Denmark–Norway (complete list / complete list) –

Christian IV, King (1588–1648)
Frederick III, King (1648–1670)
Christian V, King (1670–1699)
Frederick IV, King (1699–1730)

Europe: Southcentral

See also List of state leaders in the 17th-century Holy Roman Empire#Italy

Papal States (complete list) –

Clement VIII, Pope (1592–1605)
Leo XI, Pope (1605)
Paul V, Pope (1605–1621)
Gregory XV, Pope (1621–1623)
Urban VIII, Pope (1623–1644)
Innocent X, Pope (1644–1655)
Alexander VII, Pope (1655–1667)
Clement IX, Pope (1667–1669)
Clement X, Pope (1670–1676)
Innocent XI, Pope (1676–1689)
Alexander VIII, Pope (1689–1691)
Innocent XII, Pope (1691–1700)
Clement XI, Pope (1700–1721)

Southern Italy

Kingdom of Naples (complete list) –

The Kingdom of Naples was ruled in personal union with Spain from 1504 to 1713.

Europe: Southwest

Andorra

Andorra

Episcopal Co-Princes (complete list) –

Julià Cano Thebar, Episcopal Co-Prince (1695–1714)

French Co-Princes (complete list) –

various French Co-Princes

Catalonia

Catalan Republic

Pau Claris, President (1641)

Navarre

Kingdom of Navarre (complete list) –

Henry III, King (1572–1610)
Louis II, King (1610–1620)

Portugal

Kingdom of Portugal (complete list) –

Philip II, King (1598–1621)
Philip III, King (1621–1640)
John IV, King (1640–1656)
Afonso VI, King (1656–1683)
Peter II, King (1683–1706)

Spain

Habsburg Spain

Monarchs (complete list) –

Philip III, King (1598–1621)
Philip IV, King (1621–1665)
Charles II, King (1665–1700)

Europe: West

Anjou (complete list) –

Gaston I, Duke (1608–1626)
Philip I, Duke (1640–1660)
Philippe Charles, Duke (1668–1671)
Louis Francis, Duke (1672)
Philip II, Duke (1683–1700)

Auvergne (complete list) –

Charles III, Duke of Lorraine, Count (1589–1608)
Margaret of Valois, Count (1608–1610)

County of Flanders (complete list) –

Isabella Clara Eugenia, Countess (1598–1621)
Philip VI, Count (1621–1665)
Charles IV, Count (1665–1700)
Philip VII, Count (1700–1706)

County of Maine (complete list) –

Charles VI of Maine, Count (?–1611)
Henry, Duke of Mayenne, Count (1611–1621)
Charles II Gonzaga, Count (1621–1631)
Ferdinand Gonzaga, Count (1631–1632)
Charles III Gonzaga, Count (1632–?)

Monaco (complete list) –

Ercole, Lord (1589–1604)
Honoré II, Lord (1604–1612), Prince (1612–1662)
Louis I, Prince (1662–1701)

Eurasia: Caucasus

Principality of Abkhazia (complete list) –

Putu, Prince (c.1580–1620)
Seteman, Prince (c.1620–1640)
Sustar, Prince (c.1640–1665)
Zegnak, Prince (c.1665–1700)

Kingdom of Kartli (complete list) –

Alexander II (Ottoman vassal), King (1574–1602, 1602–1605)
David I, King (1602)
Constantine I, King (1605)
Teimuraz I, King (1605–1614, 1615–1648, 1623–1633, 1636–1648)
Archil, King (1664–1675)
Erekle I, King (1675–1676)

Oceania

Uvea (complete list) –

Takumasiva, King (17th century)
Pou, King (17th century)
Tuakalau, King (17th century)
Eiki, King (17th century)
Tuiuvea, King (17th century)
Lilo-kaivale, King (17th century)

South America

References

^ Joyce (M.A.) & Torday (E.), Notes ethnographiques sur les peuples communément appelés Bakuba, ainsi que sur les peuplades apparentées, les Bushongo. Bruxelles 1910 ;page 17-19
^ Werner J. Lange, History of the Southern Gonga (Southwestern Ethiopia) (Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1982), p. 64.
^ Werner J. Lange, History of the Southern Gonga (Southwestern Ethiopia) (Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1982), p. 64.
^ C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford, Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593–1646 (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), p. lvi. Amnon Orent, "Refocusing on the History of Kafa prior to 1897: A Discussion of Political Processes" in African Historical Studies, Vol. 3, No. 2. (1970), p. 268.
^ Information about pre-Oromo kings from Werner J. Lange, History of the Southern Gonga (Southwestern Ethiopia), (Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1982), pp. 28–30.
^ C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford, Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593–1646 (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), pp. lxv – lxvii.
^ MacMichael, H. A. (1922). "Appendix I: The Chronology of the Fung Kings". A History of the Arabs in the Sudan and Some Account of the People Who Preceded Them and of the Tribes Inhabiting Dárfūr. Vol. Volume II. Cambridge University Press. p. 431. OCLC 264942362. {{cite book}}: |volume= has extra text (help)
^ Holt, Peter Malcolm (1999). "Genealogical Tables and King-Lists". The Sudan of the Three Niles: The Funj Chronicle 910–1288 / 1504–1871. Islamic History and Civilization, 26. Leiden: BRILL. pp. 182–186. ISBN 978-90-04-11256-8.
^ Ben-Amos (1995). The Art of Benin Revised Edition. p. 32.
^ The Tarikh al-Sudan states that al-Amin ruled for 7 years. The date of 1618 for the death of al-Amin and the succession of Askia Dawud II is mentioned in the Tarikh al-Sudan es-Sadi 1898–1900, p. 341
^ The Tarikh al-Sudan states that Dawud II ruled for 22 years.
^ Dates calculated on the basis of Lange, Diwan, 80-94.
^ L. Petech (1980), 'Ya-ts'e, Gu-ge, Pu-rang: A new study', The Central Asiatic Journal 24, pp. 85–111; R. Vitali (1996), The kingdoms of Gu.ge Pu.hrang. Dharamsala: Tho.ling gtsug.lag.khang.
^ Giuseppe Tucci, Tibetan Painted Scrolls. [Rome 1949; Giuseppe Tucci, Deb T'er Dmar Po Gsarma. Rome 1971; Per K. Sørensen & Guntram Hazod, Rulers on the Celestial Plain. Wien 2007; Olaf Czaja, Medieval rule in Tibet, Vol. I-II. Wien 2013.
^ Giuseppe Tucci, 1949; Hugh E. Richardson, A Short History of Tibet. New York 1962.
^ László Karoly (14 November 2014). A Turkic Medical Treatise from Islamic Central Asia: A Critical Edition of a Seventeenth-Century Chagatay Work by Subḥān Qulï Khan. BRILL. pp. 5–. ISBN 978-90-04-28498-2.
^ Orvostörténeti Közlemények: Communicationes de historia artis medicinae. Könyvtár. 2006. p. 52.
^ Nil Sarı; International Society of the History of Medicine (2005). Otuz Sekizinci Uluslararası Tıp Tarihi Kongresi Bildiri Kitabı, 1-6 Eylül 2002. Türk Tarih Kurumu. p. 845. ISBN 9789751618252.
^ De Graaf & Pigeaud (1974), p. 179–84.
^ Hall (1981), p. 972; Stokvis, Sultan (1888); Truhart (2003), p. 1228–9..
^ Stokvis (1888); Sulendraningrat (1985); Sunardjo (1996), p. 81.
^ Stokvis (1888); Sulendraningrat (1985); Sunardjo (1996), p. 81.
^ Stokvis (1888); Sulendraningrat (1985); Sunardjo (1996), p. 81.
^ Stokvis (1888); Sulendraningrat (1985); Sunardjo (1996), p. 81.
^ Sutherland (1973–1974).
^ Nagtegaal (1995); Werdisastra (1996).
^ Nagtegaal (1996); Sutherland (1973–1974).
^ ; L.J. van Dijk, 'De zelfbesturende landschappen in de Residentie Timor en Onderhoorigheden', Indische Gids 47 1925 & 56 1934.
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2008-12-30.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2008-12-30.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ Coolhaas, W.Ph. (1923) "Kronijk van het rijk Batjan", Tijdschrift voor Indische Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 63.
^ The pedigree and chronology of the sultans is only partly known; see Schurhammer, F. (1973–1982) Francis Xavier; His Life, His Times, Vol. I–IV. Rome: Jesuit Historical Institute; Jacobs, Hubert (1974–1984) Documenta Malucensia, Vol. I–III. Rome: Jesuit Historical Society; Fraassen, c.van (1987) Ternate, de Molukken en de Indonesische Archipel. Leiden: Leiden University (PhD Thesis).
^ Katoppo, Elvianus (1957) Nuku, Sulthan Sadul Djehad Muhammad el Mabus Amirudin Sjah, Kaitjili Paparangan, Sulthan Tidore. Kilatmadju Bina Budhaja; Widjojo, Muridan (2009) The revolt of Prince Nuku: Cross-cultural alliance-making in Maluku, c.1780–1810. Leiden: Brill. The exact genealogy of the rulers before the mid-17th century is not known by the local historical tradition; for the known details, see Clercq, F.S.A. de (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate. Leiden: Brill.

[1] Joyce (M.A.) & Torday (E.), Notes ethnographiques sur les peuples communément appelés Bakuba, ainsi que sur les peuplades apparentées, les Bushongo. Bruxelles 1910 ;page 17-19

[2] Werner J. Lange, History of the Southern Gonga (Southwestern Ethiopia) (Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1982), p. 64.

[3] Werner J. Lange, History of the Southern Gonga (Southwestern Ethiopia) (Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1982), p. 64.

[4] C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford, Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593–1646 (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), p. lvi. Amnon Orent, "Refocusing on the History of Kafa prior to 1897: A Discussion of Political Processes" in African Historical Studies, Vol. 3, No. 2. (1970), p. 268.

[5] Information about pre-Oromo kings from Werner J. Lange, History of the Southern Gonga (Southwestern Ethiopia), (Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1982), pp. 28–30.

[6] C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford, Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593–1646 (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), pp. lxv – lxvii.

[7] MacMichael, H. A. (1922). "Appendix I: The Chronology of the Fung Kings". A History of the Arabs in the Sudan and Some Account of the People Who Preceded Them and of the Tribes Inhabiting Dárfūr. Vol. Volume II. Cambridge University Press. p. 431. OCLC 264942362. {{cite book}}: |volume= has extra text (help)

[8] Holt, Peter Malcolm (1999). "Genealogical Tables and King-Lists". The Sudan of the Three Niles: The Funj Chronicle 910–1288 / 1504–1871. Islamic History and Civilization, 26. Leiden: BRILL. pp. 182–186. ISBN 978-90-04-11256-8.

[Ben-Amos32-9] Ben-Amos (1995). The Art of Benin Revised Edition. p. 32.

[10] The Tarikh al-Sudan states that al-Amin ruled for 7 years. The date of 1618 for the death of al-Amin and the succession of Askia Dawud II is mentioned in the Tarikh al-Sudan es-Sadi 1898–1900, p. 341

[11] The Tarikh al-Sudan states that Dawud II ruled for 22 years.

[12] Dates calculated on the basis of Lange, Diwan, 80-94.

[13] L. Petech (1980), 'Ya-ts'e, Gu-ge, Pu-rang: A new study', The Central Asiatic Journal 24, pp. 85–111; R. Vitali (1996), The kingdoms of Gu.ge Pu.hrang. Dharamsala: Tho.ling gtsug.lag.khang.

[14] Giuseppe Tucci, Tibetan Painted Scrolls. [Rome 1949; Giuseppe Tucci, Deb T'er Dmar Po Gsarma. Rome 1971; Per K. Sørensen & Guntram Hazod, Rulers on the Celestial Plain. Wien 2007; Olaf Czaja, Medieval rule in Tibet, Vol. I-II. Wien 2013.

[15] Giuseppe Tucci, 1949; Hugh E. Richardson, A Short History of Tibet. New York 1962.

[Karoly2014-16] László Karoly (14 November 2014). A Turkic Medical Treatise from Islamic Central Asia: A Critical Edition of a Seventeenth-Century Chagatay Work by Subḥān Qulï Khan. BRILL. pp. 5–. ISBN 978-90-04-28498-2.

[17] Orvostörténeti Közlemények: Communicationes de historia artis medicinae. Könyvtár. 2006. p. 52.

[SarıMedicine2005-18] Nil Sarı; International Society of the History of Medicine (2005). Otuz Sekizinci Uluslararası Tıp Tarihi Kongresi Bildiri Kitabı, 1-6 Eylül 2002. Türk Tarih Kurumu. p. 845. ISBN 9789751618252.

[19] De Graaf & Pigeaud (1974), p. 179–84.

[20] Hall (1981), p. 972; Stokvis, Sultan (1888); Truhart (2003), p. 1228–9..

[21] Stokvis (1888); Sulendraningrat (1985); Sunardjo (1996), p. 81.

[22] Stokvis (1888); Sulendraningrat (1985); Sunardjo (1996), p. 81.

[23] Stokvis (1888); Sulendraningrat (1985); Sunardjo (1996), p. 81.

[24] Stokvis (1888); Sulendraningrat (1985); Sunardjo (1996), p. 81.

[25] Sutherland (1973–1974).

[26] Nagtegaal (1995); Werdisastra (1996).

[27] Nagtegaal (1996); Sutherland (1973–1974).

[28] ; L.J. van Dijk, 'De zelfbesturende landschappen in de Residentie Timor en Onderhoorigheden', Indische Gids 47 1925 & 56 1934.

[29] "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2008-12-30.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[royaltimor1-30] "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2008-12-30.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[31] Coolhaas, W.Ph. (1923) "Kronijk van het rijk Batjan", Tijdschrift voor Indische Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 63.

[32] The pedigree and chronology of the sultans is only partly known; see Schurhammer, F. (1973–1982) Francis Xavier; His Life, His Times, Vol. I–IV. Rome: Jesuit Historical Institute; Jacobs, Hubert (1974–1984) Documenta Malucensia, Vol. I–III. Rome: Jesuit Historical Society; Fraassen, c.van (1987) Ternate, de Molukken en de Indonesische Archipel. Leiden: Leiden University (PhD Thesis).

[33] Katoppo, Elvianus (1957) Nuku, Sulthan Sadul Djehad Muhammad el Mabus Amirudin Sjah, Kaitjili Paparangan, Sulthan Tidore. Kilatmadju Bina Budhaja; Widjojo, Muridan (2009) The revolt of Prince Nuku: Cross-cultural alliance-making in Maluku, c.1780–1810. Leiden: Brill. The exact genealogy of the rulers before the mid-17th century is not known by the local historical tradition; for the known details, see Clercq, F.S.A. de (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate. Leiden: Brill.

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[10]

[11]

[12]

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[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

v t e Lists of state leaders by century
4th–3rd mill. BC	4th–3rd millennia BC
2nd millennium BC	20th century 19th 18th 17th 16th 15th 14th 13th 12th 11th BC
1st millennium BC	10th 9th 8th 7th 6th 5th 4th 3rd 2nd 1st BC
1st millennium	1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th HRE
2nd millennium	11th HRE 12th HRE 13th HRE 14th HRE 15th HRE SA 16th HRE SA 17th HRE SA 18th HRE SA 19th 1801–1850 1851–1900 HRE SA 20th 1901–1950 1951–2000 SA
3rd millennium	21st Current