Tokyo Metro

This article is about the subway system operating under the Tokyo Metro Co.. For the subway system operating under the Tokyo Metropolitan Government, see Toei Subway. For the whole subway network in Tokyo, see Tokyo subway. For the metropolitan area of Tokyo, see Greater Tokyo Area.

Tokyo Metro
Overview
Native name	東京メトロ Tōkyō Metoro
Owner	Tokyo Metro Co., Ltd.
Locale	Greater Tokyo Area, Japan
Transit type	Rapid transit
Number of lines	9
Number of stations	180
Daily ridership	6.84 million (FY2014)
Website	Tokyo Metro
Operation
Began operation	1927 as Tokyo Underground Railway (1941 as Teito Rapid Transit Authority; 2004 under current name)
Operator(s)	Tokyo Metro Co., Ltd. (private kabushiki gaisha owned by the Government of Japan (53.42%) and the Tokyo Metropolitan Government (46.58%))
Number of vehicles	2,773 cars (2012)
Technical
System length	195.1 km (121.2 mi)
Track gauge	1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge for Ginza & Marunouchi lines
System map Tokyo Metro lines (Toei and JR lines are shown in faint colours.)

The Tokyo Metro (東京メトロ, Tōkyō Metoro) is a major rapid transit system in Tokyo, Japan, operated by the Tokyo Metro Co. While it is not the only rapid transit system operating in Tokyo, it has the higher ridership among the two subway operators: in 2014, the Tokyo Metro had an average daily ridership of 6.84 million passengers, while the other system, the Toei Subway, had 2.85 million average daily rides.

Organization

The old TRTA logo, a stylized roundel in the shape of an "S" was introduced in 1953, adopted as TRTA's corporate logo in 1960 and used until 2004.

Head office of Tokyo Metro near Ueno Station, one of the first stations of the network

Tokyo Metro is operated by the Tokyo Metro Company, Ltd. (東京地下鉄株式会社, Tōkyō Chikatetsu kabushiki gaisha, Tokyo Subway Stock Company), a private joint-stock company jointly owned by the Government of Japan and the Tokyo Metropolitan Government.

The company, founded as a part of then-Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi's policy of converting statutory corporations into joint-stock companies, replaced the Teito Rapid Transit Authority (帝都高速度交通営団, Teito Kōsokudo Kōtsū Eidan, lit. "Imperial Capital Highspeed Transportation Management Foundation"), commonly known as Eidan or TRTA, on April 1, 2004. TRTA was administered by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, and jointly funded by the national and metropolitan governments. It was formed in 1941 as a part-nationalization of the Tokyo Underground Railway and Tokyo Rapid Railway (now both form the Tokyo Metro Ginza Line), although its oldest lines date back to 1927 with the opening of the Tokyo Underground Railway the same year. Upon its establishment, the TRTA's legal form was used to be a "management foundation" (経営財団, keiei zaidan, abbreviated to and hence eidan (営団)), a form of entity established by the government of the wartime cabinet of the Empire of Japan with both public and private sector investments. Private sector investments to the TRTA were prohibited in 1951 when it was converted into an ordinary statutory corporation.

The other major subway operator is Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation (Toei Subway) which is owned solely by the government of Tokyo. Tokyo Metro and Toei trains form completely separate networks, although Tokyo Metro Namboku Line and Toei Mita Line share the same track between Meguro Station and Shirokane-takanawa Station. Prepaid rail passes can freely interchange between the two networks (as well as other rail companies in the area), but fares are assessed separately for legs on each of these systems and regular ticket holders must purchase a second ticket, or a special transfer ticket, to change from a Toei line to a Tokyo Metro line and vice versa. Though, most Tokyo Metro (and Toei) line offer through service to lines outside of central Tokyo run by other carriers, and this can somewhat complicate the ticketing.

Much effort has been made to make the system accessible to non-Japanese speaking users:

• Many train stops are announced in both English and Japanese. Announcements also provide connecting line information.
• Ticket machines can switch between English and Japanese user interfaces.
• Train stations are signposted in English and Japanese (in kanji and hiragana). There are also numerous signs in Chinese (in simplified characters) and Korean.
• Train stations are now also consecutively numbered on each color-coded line, allowing even non-English speakers to be able to commute without necessarily knowing the name of the station. For example, Shinjuku Station on the Marunouchi Line is also signposted as M-08 with a red colored circle surrounding it; even if a commuter could not read the English or Japanese station names on signs or maps, they could simply look for the red line and then find the appropriately numbered station on said line. In addition, some trains have interior LCD displays which display station names in Japanese, English, Chinese, and Korean.

Many stations are also designed to help blind people as railings often have Braille at their base, and raised yellow rubber guide strips are used on flooring throughout the network.

Tokyo Metro stations began accepting contactless (RFID) Pasmo stored value cards in March 2007 to pay fares, and the JR East Suica system is also universally accepted. Both these passes also can be used on surrounding rail systems throughout the area and many rail lines in other areas of Japan. Due to the complexity of the fare systems in Japan, most riders converted to these cards very quickly even though there is an additional charge to issue it.

The Tokyo Metro is extremely punctual and has regular trains arriving 3 to 6 minutes apart most of the day and night. However, it does not run 24 hours a day. While through service with other companies complicates this somewhat, the last train generally starts at midnight and completes its service by 00:45, and the first train generally starts at 05:00.

Tokyo Metro indicated in its public share offering that it would cease line construction once the Fukutoshin Line was completed. That line was completed in March 2013 with the opening of the connection with the Tōkyū Tōyoko Line at Shibuya Station, allowing through service as far as Motomachi-Chūkagai Station in Yokohama. There are several lines such as the Hanzōmon Line that still have extensions in their official plans, and in the past, these plans have tended to happen, though often over several decades.

There are also some other rail project proposals in Tokyo which would involve large-scale tunneling projects, but these are unlikely to involve Tokyo Metro. The only proposal that has any suggestion of possible Tokyo Metro involvement is the prominent project proposed as a new Narita and Haneda Airport connection through a tunnel through central Tokyo to a new station adjacent to the existing Tokyo Station. This line is often described as a bypass of the current Toei Asakusa Line. It would link the Keisei Oshiage Line (with service to Narita Airport) to the Keikyu Main Line (with service to Haneda Airport) through Tokyo Station. The 400 billion yen project would be largely divided between the Tokyo metropolitan government and the Japanese central government (which is similar to the structure of Tokyo Metro) with the rail operator or operators paying the balance. The suggestion of Tokyo Metro involvement comes mostly from its description as a bypass to the Asakusa Line which might imply it to be a subway line, but the principle proposal only includes one stop in Tokyo (at Tokyo Station). The principle justification of the proposal is to reduce connection time from Narita Airport to Tokyo Station by 13 minutes, and the design of the proposal makes this much more a high-speed rail project than a subway project (though, it would likely not be up to all of Japan's Shinkansen high-speed rail standards). Currently the only high-speed connection to the Narita Airport is the Keisei Skyliner which runs to Ueno, but there is ordinary train service between these airports using the Asakusa Line. The proposal would essentially allow the Skyliner to run to the more important Tokyo Station as well as establish a high-speed connection to the Haneda Airport.

Tokyo Metro also owns a number of commercial developments which mostly consist of shopping developments at major stations. It also owns the Subway Museum near Kasai Station on the Tokyo Metro Tōzai Line which opened on July 12, 1986, and features a few retired trains which once operated on the Ginza and Marunouchi Lines as well as a maintenance vehicle.

In 2017, Tokyo Metro opened its affiliate in Hanoi, Vietnam, which is set to be the service operator of Hanoi Metro.

Fares

Pasmo and Suica are accepted on the Tokyo Metro, as well as on railway stations operated by other companies. Transfers between Tokyo Metro subway lines and Toei Subway lines are usually not free, but a discount is given when using the Pasmo or Suica cards to transfer between lines.

Traffic

According to the company, an average of 6.33 million people used the company's nine subway routes each day in 2009. The company made a profit of ¥63.5 billion in 2009.

Lines

Altogether, the Tokyo Metro is made up of nine lines operating on 195.1 kilometers (121.2 mi) of route.

List of Tokyo Metro lines

Color	Sign	NumberN	Line	Japanese	Route	Stations	Length	Train Length	First Opened	Last Opened	Daily ridership (2017)	Gauge	Current supply
orange	G	Line 3	Ginza Line	銀座線	Shibuya to Asakusa	19	14.3 km (8.9 mi)	6 cars	1927	1939	943,606	1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)	600 V DC, third rail
red	M	Line 4	Marunouchi Line	丸ノ内線	Ogikubo to Ikebukuro	25	24.2 km (15.0 mi)	6 cars	1954	1962	1,159,898
	Mb		Marunouchi Line Branch Line	丸ノ内線分岐線	Nakano-Sakaue to Hōnanchō	4	3.2 km (2.0 mi)	3 or 6 cars	1962
silver	H	Line 2	Hibiya Line	日比谷線	Naka-Meguro to Kita-Senju	22	20.3 km (12.6 mi)	7 cars	1961	2020	1,213,492	1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)	1,500 V DC, overhead supply
sky blue	T	Line 5	Tōzai Line	東西線	Nakano to Nishi-Funabashi	23	30.8 km (19.1 mi)	10 cars	1964	1969	1,642,378
green	C	Line 9	Chiyoda Line	千代田線	Yoyogi-Uehara to Kita-Ayase	20	24.0 km (14.9 mi)	10 cars	1969	1978	1,447,730
gold	Y	Line 8	Yūrakuchō Line	有楽町線	Wakōshi to Shin-Kiba	24	28.3 km (17.6 mi)	10 cars	1974	1988	1,124,478
purple	Z	Line 11	Hanzōmon Line	半蔵門線	Shibuya to Oshiage	14	16.8 km (10.4 mi)	10 cars	1978	2003	1,006,682
teal	N	Line 7	Namboku Line	南北線	Meguro to Akabane-Iwabuchi	19	21.3 km (13.2 mi)	6 cars (to be expanded to 8 cars)	1991	2000	522,736
brown	F	Line 13	Fukutoshin Line	副都心線	Wakōshi to Shibuya	16	11.9 km (7.4 mi)A	8 cars (local) 10 cars (local or express)	1994	2008	362,654
Total						180	195.1 km (121.2 mi)

^N Note: Line numbers are for internal usage only and not listed on subway maps. ^A Note: Excluding the 8.3 km (5.2 mi) stretch between Wakoshi and Kotake-mukaihara shared with Yurakucho Line.

Through services to other lines

Line	Through Lines
HHibiya Line	TSTobu Skytree Line TNTōbu Nikkō Line (Kita-Senju to Minami-Kurihashi and Tōbu-Dōbutsu-Kōen)
TTōzai Line	JBJR East Chūō-Sōbu Line (Chūō Main Line) (Nakano to Mitaka)
	JBJR East Chūō-Sōbu Line (Sōbu Main Line) (Nishi-Funabashi to Tsudanuma) TRToyo Rapid Line (Nishi-Funabashi to Tōyō-Katsutadai)
CChiyoda Line	OHOdakyu Odawara Line OTOdakyu Tama Line (Yoyogi-Uehara to Karakida and Isehara)
	JLJR East Jōban Line (Ayase to Toride)
YYūrakuchō Line	TJTōbu Tōjō Line (Wakōshi to Ogawamachi) Seibu Ikebukuro Line via the Seibu Yūrakuchō Line (Kotake-Mukaihara Station to Hannō)
ZHanzōmon Line	DTTōkyū Den-en-toshi Line (Shibuya to Chūō-Rinkan)
	TSTobu Skytree Line TNTobu Nikkō Line TI Tobu Isesaki Line (Oshiage to Tōbu-Dōbutsu-Kōen, Minami-Kurihashi and Kuki)
NNamboku Line	MGTokyu Meguro Line (Meguro to Hiyoshi)
	SRSaitama Rapid Railway Line (Akabane-Iwabuchi to Urawa-Misono)
FFukutoshin Line	Tōbu and Seibu line (same stations served as the Yūrakuchō Line)
	Minatomirai Line via TYTōkyū Tōyoko Line (Shibuya to Motomachi-Chūkagai)

• Namboku Line shares tracks of the section from Meguro to Shirokane-Takanawa with Toei Mita Line, 2.3 km.

Stations

Further information: List of Tokyo Metro stations

Typical Tokyo Metro station, with half-height platform doors (Ōtemachi on the Hanzōmon Line)

There are a total of 180 unique stations (i.e., counting stations served by multiple lines only once) on the Tokyo Metro network. Most stations are located within the 23 special wards and fall inside the Yamanote Line rail loop — some wards such as Setagaya and Ōta have no stations (or only a limited number of stations), as rail service in these areas has historically been provided by the Toei Subway or any of the various major private railways (大手私鉄).

Major interchange stations, connecting three or more Tokyo Metro lines, include the following:

• Ginza
• Iidabashi
• Ikebukuro
• Kasumigaseki
• Kokkai-gijidō-mae / Tameike-Sannō
• Nagatachō / Akasaka-mitsuke
• Omotesandō
• Ōtemachi
• Shibuya

Other major stations provide additional connections to other railway operators such as the Toei Subway, JR East, and the various private railways, including (but not limited to) the following:

• Hibiya
• Kita-Senju
• Kudanshita
• Shimbashi
• Shinjuku
• Shinjuku-Sanchōme
• Ueno
• Yotsuya

Depots

Name	Location	Current assigned fleet	Former assigned fleet	Lines served
Ueno	Taitō, north of Ueno Station	1000	01, (old) 2000, 1500, 1400, 1300, 100, 1200, 1100, (old) 1000	Ginza
Shibuya	Shibuya, west of Shibuya Station	None (inspections only)		Ginza
Nakano	Nakano, south of Nakano-Fujimichō Station	2000, 02, 02-80 (branch line)	300, 400, 500, 100 (branch line), (old) 2000 (branch line)	Marunouchi
Koishikawa	Bunkyō, between Myōgadani Station and Kōrakuen Station	None (inspection and renovation only)		Ginza, Marunouchi
Senju	Arakawa, north of Minami-Senju Station	13000	03, 3000	Hibiya
Takenotsuka	Adachi, south of Takenotsuka Station	13000	03, 3000	Hibiya
Fukagawa	Kōtō, south of Tōyōchō Station	05, 07, 15000	5000	Tōzai
Gyōtoku	Ichikawa, south of Myōden Station	None (inspections only)		Tōzai
Ayase	Adachi, north of Kita-Ayase Station	16000, 05 (branch line)	6000, 06, 5000 (branch line)	Chiyoda, Namboku, Yūrakuchō, Saitama Rapid
Wakō	Wakō, north of Wakōshi Station	7000, 10000, 17000 (plan)		Fukutoshin, Yūrakuchō
Shin-Kiba	Kōtō, southeast of Shin-Kiba Station	None (inspection and renovation only)		Chiyoda, Hanzōmon, Namboku, Tōzai, Yūrakuchō, and Fukutoshin
Saginuma	Kawasaki, inside Saginuma Station	08, 8000, 18000 (plan)		Hanzōmon
Ōji	Kita, north of Ōji-Kamiya Station	9000		Namboku

Rolling stock

Main article: Tokyo subway rolling stock

As of 1 April 2016, Tokyo Metro operates a fleet of 2,728 electric multiple unit (EMU) vehicles, the largest fleet for a private railway operator in Japan.

600 V third rail / 1,435 mm gauge lines

A 1000 series train for Shibuya at Shibuya Station on the Ginza Line

• 02 series – Marunouchi Line
• 1000 series – Ginza Line
• 2000 series - Marunouchi Line

A 2000 series train (left) with a 02 series train (right) at Yotsuya station

1,500 V overhead / 1,067 mm gauge lines

Tozai Line 07 series, 05 series, and 5000 series trains

A 13000 series train (left) with a 08 series train (right)

• 05 series – Tōzai Line
• 07 series – Tōzai Line
• 08 series – Hanzōmon Line
• 8000 series – Hanzōmon Line
• 9000 series – Namboku Line
• 10000 series – Yūrakuchō Line, Fukutoshin Line
• 13000 series – Hibiya Line
• 15000 series – Tōzai Line
• 16000 series – Chiyoda Line
• 17000 series – Yūrakuchō Line, Fukutoshin Line
• 18000 series – Hanzōmon Line

Trains from other operators are also used on Tokyo Metro lines as a consequence of inter-running services.

Overcrowding

A sign on the Hibiya Line denoting that cars stopping in this area are for women only during morning peak hours

As is common with rail transport in Tokyo, Tokyo Metro trains are severely crowded during peak periods. During the morning peak period, platform attendants (oshiya) are sometimes needed to push riders and their belongings into train cars so that the doors can close. On some Tokyo Metro lines, the first or last car of a train is reserved for women during peak hours.

See also

• List of Tokyo Metro stations
• List of urban rail systems in Japan
• List of metro systems

External links

• Tokyo Metro (in English)
• Tokyo Metro Subway Map (PDF)