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==Etymology==
==Etymology==
Theories explaining the origins and [[etymology]] behind Indore's name differ. Formerly, the city of Indore was known by many different names. The first expected name of the city was '''Indreshwar''' which was named after the [[Indreshwar|Indreshwar Temple]] in the city. Before this name was used, it was known as '''Ahilyanagari''' (The city of Queen [[Ahilyabai Holkar]]).
Theories explaining the origins and [[etymology]] behind Indore's name differ. Formerly, the city of Indore was known by many different names. The first expected name of the city was '''Indreshwar''' which was named after the [[Indreshwar|Indreshwar Temple]] in the city. The present name, Indore, originated from the ''Indreshwar'' temple constructed in 1741 by Ved Manuj.

*Year 1607 to 1794 - Ahilyanagari,
*Year 1800 to 1950 - Indhur,
*Year 1958 till Present - Indore

The present name, Indore, originated from the ''Indreshwar'' temple constructed in 1741 by Ved Manuj.


==History==
==History==

Revision as of 00:34, 17 March 2011

For other uses, see Indore (disambiguation).

Template:Infobox Indian jurisdiction Indore (Hindi: इंदौर pronunciationⓘ) is a major city and commercial center of the state of Madhya Pradesh in central India. Indore is located 190 km west of state capital Bhopal. With a population of 1,516,918 (2001 census),[1] it is the 15th [2] largest city in India and the 147th [3] largest city in the world. It serves as the headquarters of both the Indore district and Indore division.

During the days of the Maratha Empire it was an important halt between the Deccan and Delhi. However after the death of Madhavrao Peshwa, the Maratha Empire disintegrated and Indore was declared the capital of the Holkar state, until Rani Ahilyabai Holkar moved the capital to Maheshwar.

Etymology

Theories explaining the origins and etymology behind Indore's name differ. Formerly, the city of Indore was known by many different names. The first expected name of the city was Indreshwar which was named after the Indreshwar Temple in the city. The present name, Indore, originated from the Indreshwar temple constructed in 1741 by Ved Manuj.

History

The founders of Indore were the ancestors of the present zamindars of the region which spread from the banks of Narmada to the borders of Rajputana. Their headquarters were at a village called Kampel. In Mughal times, the founders of these families received the title of Chaudhari, which established their claim to the land. In the 18th century, the control of Malwa passed to the Peshwa clan, and the Chaudharis came to be known as "Mandloi"s (derived from Mandals meaning districts). The Holkars conferred the title of Rao Raja upon the family.[4] The family retained its possessions of royalty, which included having an elephant, Nishan, Danka and Gadi even after the advent of Holkars and also retained the right of performing the first puja of Dushera (Shami Pujan) before the Holkar rulers.

Under Mughal rule, the family enjoyed great influence and was accorded confirmatory sanads by the Emperors Aurangzeb, Alamgir, and Farukhshayar, confirming their 'Jagir' rights. Rao Nandlal Chaudhary Zamindar, upon visiting the court of Delhi, received a special place in the emperor’s court along with two jewel studded swords (now on display in the Royal British Museum under the family's name) and confirmatory sanads. Raja Savai Jai singh of Jaipur, a personal friend of his, gifted him with a special "Gold Langar" which guaranteed a special place to him in all the Durbars of India. The family’s respectability and influence over Malwa was instrumental in the ascent of the Peshwas and Holkars to rulership of this region.

Rao Nandlal Chaudhary, the founder of Indore, was the Chief Zamindar (landlord), and had an army of 2000 soldiers. In 1713, Nizam was appointed as the controller of the Deccan plateau area, which renewed the struggle between the Marathas and the Mughals.

While visiting the temple of Indreshwar near the banks of river Saraswati, Rao Nandlal found the location to be safe and strategically located, being surrounded by rivers on all sides. He started moving his people in, and constructed the fort of Shree Sansthan Bada Rawala to protect them from harassment by Mughals. The city was named Indrapur (after Lord Indreshwar), and eventually came to be known as Indore.

Baji Rao Peshwa finally took control of Malwa in 1733 A.D. Malhar Rao Holkar was one of the four signatories who guaranteed the proper fulfillment of the conditions.[5] Upon victory the Peshwas appointed Malhar Rao Holkar as a “Subhedar”, which marked the beginning of Holkars' reign in Malwa.[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]

File:Indpalac.JPG
Durbar Hall - Lal Bagh Palace

Thus, Indore came to be ruled by the Maratha Maharajas of the Holkar dynasty. The dynasty's founder, Malhar Rao Holkar, (1694–1766), was granted control of Malwa Maratha armies in 1724, and in 1733, was installed as the Maratha governor of the region. By the end of his reign, the Holkar state was de facto independent. He was succeeded by his daughter-in-law Ahilyabai Holkar who ruled from 1767 to 1795. She ruled from a palace-fort at Maheshwar, south of Indore on the Narmada River. Ahilyabai Holkar was an architectural patron who donated money for the construction of Hindu temples across India. In 1818, the Holkars were defeated by the British in the Third Anglo-Maratha War, and the Holkar kingdom became a part of the British Raj. As a result of this defeat in the Battle of Mahidpur, the treaty of Mandsaur was signed, through which the Cantonment town of Mhow was handed over to the British. The treaty also decreed that the capital of the Holkar state would shift from Maheshwar to Indore.

After India's independence in 1947, Indore, along with a number of neighbouring princely states, became part of the Indian state of Madhya Bharat. Indore was designated the summer capital of this newly created state. On November 1, 1956, Madhya Bharat was merged into Madhya Pradesh and Bhopal was chosen as the capital. The city palace was the seat of administration of the rulers of the Malwa region – The Holkars (26 May 1728 to 20 April 1948).

In early 20th century, persons like Seth Hukumchand & Rai Bahadur Sir Siremal Bapna, were involved in various social reforms, promotion of Arts, Music and Sports. Achievements like conception and implementation of the first two phases of the Narmada Water Supply Scheme in the 1970s, establishment of textile industries & educational institutes in city were possible because of administrators like them.

See also: Malwa

Can find historic facts also at http://indorehaibhiyao.hpage.com/

Geography

Indore is located in the western region of Madhya Pradesh, on the southern edge of the Malwa plateau, on the Saraswati and Khan rivers, which are tributaries of the Shipra River. Indore has an average elevation of 550 metre above sea level. It is located on an elevated plain, with the Yadri range to the south.

Climate

Indore
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
9
 
 
26
9
 
 
1
 
 
29
11
 
 
2
 
 
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2
 
 
38
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9
 
 
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35
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30
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28
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29
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36
 
 
32
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20
 
 
29
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9
 
 
26
10
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Source: IMD
Imperial conversion
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
0.4
 
 
79
48
 
 
0
 
 
84
52
 
 
0.1
 
 
93
61
 
 
0.1
 
 
100
70
 
 
0.4
 
 
102
75
 
 
5.3
 
 
95
75
 
 
11
 
 
86
72
 
 
11
 
 
82
70
 
 
8.3
 
 
84
68
 
 
1.4
 
 
90
63
 
 
0.8
 
 
84
55
 
 
0.4
 
 
79
50
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches

Indore has a transitional climate between a tropical wet and dry climate and a humid subtropical climate. Three distinct seasons are observed: summer, monsoon and winter. Summers start in mid-March and can be extremely hot in April and May. The highest temperature recorded was 48 °C in 1994. Average Summer temperatures may go as high as 42-44.c (100.4 °F) but humidity is very low. Due to Indore's location on the southern edge of the Malwa Plateau, a cool breeze (also referred to as Shab-e-Malwa) in the evenings makes summer nights quite pleasant. The monsoon season starts in late June, with temperatures averaging around 26 °C (79 °F), with sustained, torrential rainfall and high humidity. The average rainfall is 36 inches. Winters start in mid-November and are dry, mild and sunny. Temperatures average about 4–15 °C (39–59 °F), but can fall close to freezing on some nights. In summer temperatures can be sometimes as high as 48–50 °C (118–122 °F) and in winters it can be as low as 2 °C (36 °F).

Indore gets moderate rainfall of 35 to 38 inches (890 to 970 millimetres) during July–September due to the southwest monsoon.

Civic Administration

Indore is administered by the Indore Municipal Corporation. Some of the regions surrounding the city are administered by the Indore Development Authority (IDA). The IMC was established in 1956 under the Madhya Pradesh Nagar Palika Nigam Adhiniyam. For administrative purposes, the city is divided into 69 wards. These wards have been further divided into 11 zones.

The main institution involved in planning and development in Indore is IDA. The jurisdiction of this agency is demarcated clearly not only physically but also functionally. The principal responsibility of IDA is to ensure a holistic development of the Indore agglomeration covering an area of 9.718 km² as per Master plans.[15][16]

The corporators are elected from each ward, who in turn elect a mayor. The mayor is responsible for the day-to-day running of the city services, municipal school board, the city bus service, the municipal hospital and the city library. Executive powers are vested in the municipal commissioner, who is an IAS officer appointed by the Madhya Pradesh state government. The Indore City Police are headed by a Inspector General, an IPS officer.

Demographics

Indore's total population in 2009 was reported to be 1,912,000.[3] Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%.[17] As per 2001 census, the city of Indore has an average literacy rate of 75%, higher than the national average of 59.5%. Male literacy was 75%, and Female literacy was 64% [18] In Indore, 12.72% of the population is under 6 years of age (as per census 2001).[17] The average annual growth rate of population is around 2.85% as per the statistics of census 2001. Hindi is the main language spoken here with Marathi and Malwi spoken as well.[citation needed]

Transport

Devi Ahilyabai Holkar Airport

Air

Indore is served by the Devi Ahilyabai Holkar Airport. Indore airport is about 8 km from the city centre and currently handles only domestic traffic. The airport has been operating services by Indian Airlines, Jet Airways Konnect, Jet Lite, Kingfisher Red. Indore has a direct connectivity to Ahmedabad, Bhopal, Raipur, Nagpur, Hyderabad, Mumbai, New Delhi, Pune, Kolkata & Jabalpur.[19]

Rail

File:Indore Junction BG.jpg
Indore Main Railway Station

The City Railway Division comes under Ratlam Division of the Western Railways. Indore Junction BG is the main and terminal station on the broad gauge line connecting it to the rest of the country. In the Railway budget of 2009 Indore main railway station was listed for transformation to a modern railway along with other 300 stations across India. Indore is one of the several places in India with both meter gauge and broad gauge railways operational. Regular train services connect Indore to most parts of the country. Electrification of the Indore - Dewas - Ujjain is currently underway. Indore lies on the Ratlam and Akola metre gauge railway line, the longest remaining functional meter gauge line in India. This section is scheduled for conversion to standard broad gauge under Indian Railways' projected Unigauge system.

Road

File:Indorecityre.jpg
India's first of its concept - GPS & IVR enabled city buses

Indore is well connected to other parts of India through national and state highways. There are some major highways which pass through Indore and connect it to some major cities. The major national highways passing through the city are:

The Mumbai- Indore section of the National Highway No. 3 and the Ahmedabad - Indore section of the National Highway No. 59 are undergoing multi laning under the NHDP program. Other important regional highways are:

  • State Highway No. 27 (Indore to Burhanpur)
  • State Highway No. 34 (Indore to Jhansi)

Local Transport

Metro Taxi in Indore

Indore has an efficient public transport system. Atal Indore City Transport Services Ltd, a PPP scheme operates buses and radio taxis in the city. The buses - designated as City Bus today operate on 36 Routes, with around 170 bus stop stations. The buses are color coded according to their route. Some of these buses are also equipped with services like GPS and IVR (around 300) which are used to track the position of the bus. This information is displayed on LED displays installed on the bus stops. For local transport, there are also the options of Auto rickshaw, Van and Local City Ride Buses called Nagar Seva.Tata Magic is also available on many routes. The major bus terminals are Sarwate bus terminal, Gangwal bus terminal, Navlakha bus stand & Jinsi bus stand.

Economy

Indore is the commercial capital of Madhya Pradesh with a bulk of its trade coming from Small, Mid and Large scale manufacturing & service industries. These industries range from Automobile to Pharmaceutical and from Software to Retail. Major industrial areas surrounding the city include the Pithampur Special Economic Zone and the Sanwer Industrial belt. Pithampur is also known as the Detroit of India.[20][21]

Education

Daly College, Indore
Main article: Education in Indore

Home to a range of colleges and schools, Indore has a large student population and is an educational centre. Most primary and secondary schools in Indore are affiliated with the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE); however, a number of schools have affiliation with ICSE board, NIOS board and the state level M.P. Board.

Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya (DAVV), is the major & oldest university of Indore, offering courses in more than 20 fields ranging from law to pharmacy to management at both graduate and postgraduate level.

Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College & Shri Govindram Seksaria Institute of Technology and Sciences are one of the oldest college in city offering varied range of courses in medical sciences & engineering.

Having both Indian Institute of Management and Indian Institute of Technology in Indore makes it the only city in the country to have both of these institutions.

Media

Arts and theater

Ravindra Natya Grah is an important and well known center for theatre and performing arts in the city. Many artists from around the world perform here regularly. Abhivyakti Centre of Fine Arts & Performing Arts, Deolalikar Kala Vithika are also similar centers for arts and theatre.[22] There are also various cultural clubs like Ras Bharati and Kala Abhivyakti, Who invite performers from around the globe to perform in Indore. Yeshwant Club and Sayaji Club also sponsor and invite talents from across world.

Electronic media

The radio industry has expanded with a number of private and government owned FM channels being introduced. The FM radio channels that broadcast in the city include AIR Vividh Bharathi FM (101.6 MHz), Radio Mirchi FM (98.3 MHz), Big FM (92.7 MHz), Red FM (93.5 MHz), My FM (94.3 MHz) and AIR Gyan Vani FM (105.6 MHz). State-owned Doordarshan transmits two terrestrial television channels. Apart from these few local broadcasting stations also exist.

There are about 19 Hindi dailies, two English dailies, 26 weeklies and monthlies, 3 quarterlies, 1 Bi-monthly Magazine and one annual paper published from the city.[23] The major Hindi dailies include the Nai Dunia, Dainik Bhaskar, Dainik Jagran, Patrika, Raj Express, Agnibaan, & PrabhatKiran. The major English dailies are The Times of India, Hindustan Times, The Hindu, Free Press, Business Standard & The Economic Times.

Communication services Indore is covered by a large network of optical fibre cables. There are three fixed telephone line operators in the city: BSNL, Reliance and Airtel. There are Eight mobile phone companies in which GSM players include BSNL, Reliance, Vodafone, Idea, Airtel, Aircel, Tata DoCoMo, Videocon Mobile Service while CDMA services offered by BSNL, Virgin Mobile, Tata Indicom, and Reliance.


Constructions and Real Estate

bid, build describes the prevailing model of construction management in which the general contractor is engaged through a tender process after the designs have been completed by the architect or engineer, Contractors. There are following companies in feild of constructions in Indore:

  • Vindhya Constructions Pvt Ltd (Project: Sahara City and national Highways)
  • Koolwal Constructions Pvt Ltd (PWD)
  • Nidhi Project Construction
  • Premier ConstructionCorporatin

Sports

File:Indore Stadium.jpg
The Holkar Cricket Stadium of Indore

Indore has two stadiums, Nehru Stadium and Holkar Cricket Stadium.[24]

Indore is home of a basketball team and the home of India's first National Basketball Academy.

Culture

Indore city has a variety of cultures and is known as the cultural capital of Madhya Pradesh. Indore was included in the Guinness Book of World Records[25] for holding the largest tea party in the world.

Gurudwara LIG Circle

Food

Indore is famous for its culinary range and is known for its wide variety of Namkeens, Poha & Jalebi, Chaats (snacks), Kachoris and Samosas, cuisines of various types in different restaurants, and Bengali, Muslim, Rajasthani, continental and confectionery sweets, as well as exotic dishes such as Dal-Bafla, Nihari Gosht and Bafla-Gosht - a delicacy of Indore and Malwa Region.

Main festivals

All national festivals like Holi, Rangpanchmi, Baisakhi, Raksha Bandhan, Navratri,Dussehra, Ganeshotsav, Deepavali, Ramzan, Gudi Padwa, Bhaubeej, Eid,Christmas and other others like Nagpanchmi, Ahilya Utsav, are celebrated with equal enthusiasm.

Places of interest

  • Annapurna Temple - A Hindu temple, primarily of goddess Annapurna, in the west region of the city.
  • Bada Ganpati Temple - This temple houses Ganesha Deity, measuring 25 ft. from crown to foot.
  • Crystal Temple - Digambar Jain temple built by Seth Hukumchand .
  • Deoguradia - The monolithic rock temple built in 7th century. The original Shivalinga is 12 ft under water in a sunken temple above which the present temple is constructed.[26]
  • ISKCON - Sri Sri Radha Krishna Temple, Hare Krishna Movement in Nipaniya Village, MR 10, Devas Bypass Road.
  • Hrinkar Giri - A Shwetambar Jain temple with a beautiful statue of Parshwanath
  • Gomat Giri - A Jain temple with a 21 feet statue of Gomateshwara, a replica of the Bahubali statue of Shravanabelagola. Along with 24 marble temples with shikhars, for each Tirthankar.[27]
  • Lal Bagh Palace - A palace spread across 200 acres (0.81 km2) of land. It is now a museum with artefacts of the Holkar era.
  • Rajwada - A seven-storey palace built during the Holkar era.
  • The Indore museum houses a collection of Parmar sculptures from Hinglajgarh [28]

See also

References

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference censusofindia was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ "Some 108 million people live in India's largest cities". City Mayors. Retrieved 2010-07-04.
  3. ^ a b "The world's largest cities". City Mayors. Retrieved 2010-07-04. Cite error: The named reference "Estimated Population of Indore urban area in 2009, Indore 147th largest city in world in 2009/" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  4. ^ Major General Sir John Malcolm, Central India, Part I, pp. 68-70
  5. ^ Major General Sir John Malcolm, Memoirs of Central India, Vol. I. pp.94-95
  6. ^ Major General Sir John Malcolm, Memoirs of Malwa (1912)
  7. ^ Patrick Geddes, "City Development", in A report to the Durbar of Indore Part 1. Indore:Historic Development" (1918)
  8. ^ Sukh Sampatti Rai Bhandari, History of the Indian States, Rajya Mandal Book Publishing House (1927)
  9. ^ "Malwa in Transition A Century of Anarchy", The First Phase 1698-1765 by Raghubir Singh of Sitamau. Year 1936.
  10. ^ "The Indore State Gazetteer". Volume 1-printed Under the authority of the Government of His Highness the Maharaja Holkar. Superintendent Holkar Government Press, Indore 1931.
  11. ^ "Memoirs of Central India", Volume I. by Major General Sir John Malcolm. Year 1823.
  12. ^ "Indore Holkar State Gazetteer". No.23, 1875.
  13. ^ "Malwa Sahitya". 5th Year Issue No.1. Year 1855.Indore.
  14. ^ "The Mandlik Papers and the Family". by Sardar M.V.Kibe. 1946.
  15. ^ "About IDA". Indore Development Authority. Retrieved 2010-05-13.
  16. ^ "Indore Development Plan 2021". Directorate of Town & Country Planning. 2010-05-13. Retrieved 2010-05-13.
  17. ^ a b "Census India reports". India census. Archived from the original on 2004-06-16. Retrieved 2010-08-08.
  18. ^ Statistics of Indore. District Administration of Indore. Retrieved 16 August 2009
  19. ^ "Flightstats". Conducive Technologies. Retrieved 2010-09-30.
  20. ^ Tiwary, Santosh (1998 -04-01). "Pithampur small enterprises tell a tale of untapped potential". Indian Express. Retrieved 2009-09-01. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  21. ^ Trivedi, Shashikant (2004-07-09). "Pithampur units face bleak future". Business Standard. Retrieved 2009-09-01.
  22. ^ "Abhivyakti,".
  23. ^ Indian Journal of Science Communication (Volume 2/ Number 1/ January – June 2003) http://www.iscos.org/vol3/rp1.htm
  24. ^ "Usha Raje is now Holkar cricket stadium". Dainik Bhaskar Online Edition, dated 2010-08-23. Retrieved 2010-08-29.
  25. ^ "Largest Tea Party at Indore". Guinessworldrecords. 2008-02-25. Retrieved 2010-03-12.
  26. ^ "Deoguradia". Indore District & Administration. 2010-03-23. Retrieved 2010-03-23.
  27. ^ "Gomat Giri". Indore District & Administration. 2010-03-23. Retrieved 2010-03-23.
  28. ^ "Indore Museum". Indore District & Administration. 2010-03-23. Retrieved 2010-03-23.

Further reading


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