Consonants
|
IPA |
Examples |
English approximations
|
b
|
bach, cwbl, mab
|
be
|
d
|
dydd, cadw, tad
|
do
|
dʒ
|
joio, garej, diengyd (colloquial)
|
just
|
ð
|
ddoe, deuddeg, bedd
|
wither
|
f
|
ffenest, ei phen, cyffro, corff
|
find
|
ɡ
|
glân, cegin, cig
|
get
|
h
|
haul, gwahanol
|
have
|
j
|
iaith, geiriadur
|
you
|
k
|
cig, acw, ac
|
sky, cool
|
l
|
leicio, Alban, bol
|
like
|
ɬ
|
llyfr, cyllell
|
No equivalent in English; some speakers pronounce a voiceless palatal fricative instead (the sound in hl)[1]
|
m
|
mab, cymaint, dim
|
me
|
m̥
|
fy mhen, ym Mhen-y-bont
|
No equivalent in English. Approximately like wormhole
|
n
|
nerth, anadlu, gwyn
|
no
|
n̥
|
fy nhad, yn Nhywyn
|
No equivalent in English. Approximately like unhappy
|
ŋ
|
fy ngwely, trengi, rhwng
|
thing
|
ŋ̊
|
fy nghŵn, yng Nghymru
|
No equivalent in English. Approximately like Shanghai
|
p
|
pen, copa, map
|
open
|
r
|
radio, garw, dŵr
|
right but trilled
|
r̥
|
rhestr, anrheg
|
Voiceless r. Similar to pronouncing it hr in a similar way to English wh.
|
s
|
Saesnes, swsus
|
see
|
ʃ
|
siarad, siop, brwsh
|
she
|
t
|
tatws, at
|
stop
|
tʃ
|
tsieini, wats
|
chance
|
θ
|
thus, athro, peth
|
think
|
v
|
faint, afal, arf
|
very
|
w
|
wedyn, ei wraig, gwlân
|
was
|
χ
|
chwaer, tuchan, bwlch
|
Not present in English; similar to Scots loch
|
| |
Monophthongs
|
IPA
|
Examples
|
English approximations
|
NW
|
SW
|
a
|
sant, pàs
|
sand
|
aː
|
mab, sâl
|
father
|
eː
|
peth, trên
|
air
|
ə
|
cymydog, rỳg
|
about
|
ɛ
|
perth, mès
|
well
|
ɪ
|
ɪ
|
tipyn, sgìl
|
it
|
ɨ
|
punt, gwyn
|
pin (SW)
|
iː
|
iː
|
hir, tîm
|
be
|
ɨː
|
llun, bûm, rhy, tŷ
|
No equivalent in English; Russian ты
|
oː
|
bro, ôl
|
raw
|
ɔ
|
bron, glòs
|
off
|
uː
|
cwch, dŵr
|
pool
|
ʊ
|
cwm, mẁg
|
put
|
Diphthongs
|
IPA
|
Examples
|
English approximations
|
NW
|
SW
|
ai̯
|
ai̯
|
tai
|
eye
|
aɨ̯
|
cau, nesáu
|
pie
|
ɑːɨ̯
|
hael, cae
|
Yael
|
au̯
|
llaw
|
around
|
ɛu̯
|
llew
|
wayward
|
əi̯~ɛi̯
|
əi̯~ɛi̯
|
Seisnig
|
pain
|
eɨ̯
|
gwneud
|
əu̯
|
bywyd
|
RP toe
|
ɪu̯
|
ɪu̯
|
lliw
|
Similar to Cockney English till
|
ɨu̯
|
Duw, menyw
|
ɔi̯
|
ɔi̯
|
osgoi
|
boy
|
ɔɨ̯
|
coeden
|
soil
|
ʊ̯ɨ
|
ʊ̯i
|
mwy, gŵyl
|
Louie
|
|