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| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1984|8|26}}
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1984|8|26}}
| birth_place =
| birth_place =
| education = [[Georgetown University]] ([[Bachelor of Science|BS]])<br />[[Harvard University]]{{efn|The Harvard Extension School is one among 13 schools that make [[Harvard University]].<ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=The Schools of Harvard University|url=https://www.harvard.edu/academics/schools/|access-date=13 March 2023}}</ref>}}([[Master of Arts in Liberal Studies|ALM]])
| education = [[Georgetown University]] ([[Bachelor of Science|BS]])<br />[[Harvard Extension School]]{{efn|The Harvard Extension School is one among 13 schools that make [[Harvard University]].<ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=The Schools of Harvard University|url=https://www.harvard.edu/academics/schools/|access-date=13 March 2023}}</ref>}}([[Master of Arts in Liberal Studies|ALM]])
| employer = [[Manhattan Institute for Policy Research]]
| employer = [[Manhattan Institute for Policy Research]]
| known_for = {{flatlist|[[2020s controversies around critical race theory|Anti-critical race theory]] activism
| known_for = {{flatlist|[[2020s controversies around critical race theory|Anti-critical race theory]] activism

Revision as of 14:45, 5 January 2024

Chris Rufo
Rufo in 2022
Born
Christopher Ferguson Rufo

(1984-08-26) August 26, 1984 (age 39)
EducationGeorgetown University (BS)
Harvard Extension School[a](ALM)
EmployerManhattan Institute for Policy Research
Known for
Anti-critical race theory activism
  • Opposition to LGBTQ discussions in classrooms
Spouse
Suphatra Paravichai
​
(m. 2016)​
Children3
WebsiteOfficial website

Christopher Ferguson Rufo (born August 26, 1984)[2] is an American conservative activist,[3][4] New College of Florida board member, and senior fellow at the Manhattan Institute for Policy Research.[5] He is an opponent of critical race theory, which he says "has pervaded every aspect of the federal government" and poses "an existential threat to the United States".[6] He is a former documentary filmmaker and former fellow at the Discovery Institute, the Claremont Institute, The Heritage Foundation, and the Foundation Against Intolerance and Racism.[7][6][8]

Rufo has been involved in Republican efforts to restrict critical race theory instruction or seminars.[6] Critical race theory considers racism to be systemic in various rules and laws, and not only based on individual prejudices.[6][9] Rufo described his strategy to oppose critical race theory as using the term to "put all of the various cultural insanities under that brand category" and "to have the public read something crazy in the newspaper and immediately think 'critical race theory.'"[9] Rufo's appearances with Tucker Carlson on Fox News reportedly influenced President Donald Trump to issue an executive order in 2020 banning some topics from diversity training for the government and contractors; the order was rescinded by President Joe Biden in 2021.[3][6]

Rufo opposes teachers discussing LGBTQ issues in schools. He has contended that public schools are often "hunting grounds for sexual predators."[10][11] He has said that "To get to universal school choice, you really need to operate from a premise of universal public school distrust."[12]

Early life

Rufo was raised in Sacramento, California. His father was born in San Donato Val di Comino, Italy,[13] and his mother is of Scottish ancestry. He graduated from the local Rio Americano High School in 2002.[citation needed] Rufo received a Bachelor of Science in Foreign Service from Georgetown University's Walsh School of Foreign Service in 2006.[14][6][7] In 2022, he earned a Master of Liberal Arts in Extension Studies from Harvard University Extension School.[15][16]

Career and activism

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Rufo was a visiting fellow for domestic policy studies at The Heritage Foundation and a Lincoln Fellow at the Claremont Institute.[17][7] Later, he was a research fellow at the Discovery Institute, a Christian think tank known for its opposition to the theory of evolution and advocacy for intelligent design to be taught in public schools.[7][18][19]

He was a documentary filmmaker in his twenties and early thirties, with overseas projects such as Roughing It: Mongolia, and a film about baseball in Xinjiang called Diamond in the Dunes.[6]

In 2017, Rufo was one of 30 plaintiffs in a lawsuit that successfully prevented Seattle from imposing a 2.25% income tax on sums above $250,000 a year for individuals and over $500,000 for couples.[20] In 2018, he briefly attempted a run for the city council.[21]

In 2021, Rufo spoke at the National Conservatism Conference in Orlando.[22] In April 2022, Rufo was reported to have 2,500 paid subscribers to his newsletter.[11] The Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) has described Rufo as a "far-right propagandist".[23]

Rufo was one of several conservative education activists appointed by Florida Governor Ron DeSantis to the board of trustees of New College of Florida in January 2023.[24][25]

Rufo hosted a social media discussion in which he expressed an interest in the ideas of far-right businessman Charles Haywood. In discussion, Haywood expressed a desire to form strategic alliances with white nationalists and authoritarian dictators in order to "destroy the left", citing Augusto Pinochet and Francisco Franco as examples of the latter.[26]

Critical race theory

See also: 2020s controversies around critical race theory and Critical race theory § United States

Rufo's views on race and poverty became more conservative while directing America Lost, a 2019 documentary coproduced by PBS and WNET for the series "Chasing the Dream: Poverty and Opportunity in America".[27][6] From 2016 through 2019, Rufo's investigation into poverty in cities that had declined dramatically following periods of prosperity—Youngstown, Ohio, Memphis, Tennessee, and Stockton, California—left him with the view that poverty stemmed from "social, familial, even psychological [dynamics]" and could not be solved by public policy.[6][28] Rufo said that the 2016 United States presidential election challenged ineffective establishment responses to poverty and drew attention to these cities.[28] In his 2018 Discovery Institute-funded policy paper "Seattle Under Siege: How Seattle's Homelessness Policy Perpetuates the Crisis and How We Can Fix It," Rufo wrote that four groups—"socialist intellectuals", "compassion brigades", the "homeless-industrial complex", and the "addiction evangelists"— had successfully framed the debate on homelessness and diverted funding to their projects,[29][30] with the "compassion brigade" calling for social justice using terms such as "compassion, empathy, bias, inequality, root causes, systemic racism."[30]

Rufo has opposed what he calls critical race theory in governmental and other publicly-funded institutions, and has characterized it as a kind of "cult indoctrination".[9][31] Rufo contended in 2020 that "critical race theory has pervaded every institution in the federal government".[18]

Critical race theory considers the idea that racism is systemic, in that laws, policies, regulations, and even court decisions create and continue historical racial prejudices in the United States.[32] Rufo described his strategy to oppose critical race theory as intentionally using the term to conflate various race-related ideas in order to create a negative association.[9] Rufo said that "[w]e will eventually turn [critical race theory] toxic, as we put all of the 'various cultural insanities' under that brand category. The goal is to have the public read something 'crazy' in the newspaper and immediately think 'critical race theory'."[33] Rufo has described intersectionality as "a hard left academic theory that reduces people to a network of racial, gender and sexual orientation identities and intersect in complex ways and determine whether you are an oppressor or oppressed".[9] Kimberlé Crenshaw, an influential figure in critical race theory, has said that what Rufo and Republicans "are calling critical race theory is a whole range of things, most of which no one would sign on to, and many of the things in it are simply about racism".[6]

Through interviews with Tucker Carlson on Fox News, Rufo reportedly influenced the Trump administration to issue an executive order in 2020 to prohibit federal agencies from having diversity training that addressed topics such as systemic racism, white privilege and critical race theory.[6][3][34] The administration described such programs as "divisive, anti-American propaganda".[34] The ban was revoked by President Joe Biden on his first day in office.[3][34] Divisions continued at the state level, with Republican legislators putting forward bans on critical race theory.[35] Rufo has appeared multiple times on Tucker Carlson Tonight and The Ingraham Angle.[36][37][38] According to New Yorker writer Benjamin Wallace-Wells, Rufo's story on racially divided bias-training sessions in Seattle was a "phenomenon" that "helped to generate more leaks from across the country" about the contents of courses and diversity training programs.[6]

According to The Washington Post, Snopes and New York, Rufo has misrepresented contents of diversity training programs and course curricula.[9][39][7] For example, he falsely claimed that a diversity consultant hired by the U.S. Treasury Department had "told employees essentially that America was a fundamentally white supremacist country", and urged them to "accept their white racial superiority"; however, the diversity consultant had said no such thing.[9][7] Rufo denies the Washington Post's characterizations, saying, "This is an absurd position that only an ideologue could believe."[40] Rufo has also falsely claimed that a course curriculum in California called on students to honor the Aztec gods of human sacrifice and to commit "countergenocide" against white Christians, which the curriculum did not do; however, the State of California later agreed to delete from school curriculums the Aztec and Mayan god chants Rufo had cited.[41][improper synthesis?][42][39][7] He also falsely claimed that a document by an Oregon school district "calls for adopting the educational theories of Brazilian Marxist Paulo Freire" and advocates turning students against the Marxist "revolution's enemies" and into the "liberated masses". However, the document had no reference to revolution, its enemies, or the liberated masses. It only referenced Freire's call to treat education as an act of liberation and mutual humanization.[7] Rufo claimed that staff resources at the school district "assumes" that whites are born racist; however, the document only urged teachers to move beyond the "belief that you aren't racist if you don't purposely or consciously act in racist ways".[7]

Salon, in a critical March 2022 article, compared Rufo's favored education policy to that of Viktor Orbán's during his second premiership.[43]

LGBTQ issues and schools

See also: LGBT grooming conspiracy theory

Rufo has been a prominent advocate for bans on teachers discussing LGBTQ issues in classrooms. He supported Florida House Bill 1557 (The Florida Parental Rights in Education Act, sometimes referred to as the "Don’t Say Gay" bill),[11] which prohibits teachers from discussing such matters in kindergarten through the third grade. Rufo appeared alongside Florida Governor Ron DeSantis when he signed a bill retaliating against Disney after the company criticized the Florida Parental Rights in Education Act.[11]

Rufo linked LGBTQ discussions at schools to grooming, the act of connecting with children for the purpose of sexually abusing them.[11] He said that schools were "hunting grounds" for sexually predatory teachers and that parents had "good reason" to worry about grooming.[11] Citing a study by Charol Shakeshaft, Rufo has claimed that public school teachers are responsible for 100 times more child sexual abuse than Catholic priests. Shakeshaft refuted this misuse of her data as "completely invalid".[10]

Some critics maintain that Rufo's rhetoric has "echoes of slanders from decades ago that gay teachers were a threat to children."[11] After Disney criticized the Florida Parental Rights in Education Act, Rufo suggested that Disney was involved in sexualizing children and that the company was rife with child sexual abuse.[11]

Writing for Salon, education journalist and political science lecturer Kathryn Joyce has argued that Rufo's claims about public school teachers and pedophilia are part of his goal to "generally foster so much anger against public schools that it drives a nationwide popular movement to privatize education".[43] Similarly, president of the American Federation of Teachers Randi Weingarten has claimed that Rufo and others who wish to privatize "public education are using Big Lies to undermine public schools."[12] Rufo has said that "To get to universal school choice, you really need to operate from a premise of universal public school distrust."[44]

Rufo opposes "socio-emotional learning", saying that it "serves as a delivery mechanism for radical pedagogies such as critical race theory and gender deconstructionism." Socio-emotional learning, which promotes self-awareness, self-management, responsible decision-making, social awareness and relationship building, was a fairly uncontroversial pedagogical technique before it received criticism from Republicans and Rufo.[45]

Other

In December 2023, Rufo investigated the past research of Harvard University president Claudine Gay, who had recently attracted controversy over her handling of antisemitism at the university and her defense of the university's handling of the situation at a congressional hearing, and alleged, based on his findings, that many of her articles, including her dissertation, were plagiarized.[46] Gay announced her resignation on January 2, 2024.[47][48] In an interview with Politico, Rufo bragged that Gay's resignation "was the result of a coordinated and highly organized conservative campaign."[47]

Personal life

He is married to Suphatra "Kip" Paravichai, a Thai-American who was once a computer programmer at Amazon Web Services.[6] They live in Gig Harbor, Washington, with their three sons.[21][49]

References

  1. ^ "The Schools of Harvard University". Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  2. ^ "Library of Congress Authorities". Library of Congress. September 3, 2020. Archived from the original on 2021-06-25. Retrieved June 25, 2021.
  3. ^ a b c d Guynn, Jessica (January 20, 2021). "President Joe Biden rescinds Donald Trump ban on diversity training about systemic racism". USA Today. Retrieved May 4, 2021.
  4. ^ Kiernan, Paul (October 9, 2020). "Conservative Activist Grabbed Trump's Eye on Diversity Training". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 2021-05-07.
  5. ^ "Christopher F. Rufo". Manhattan Institute. Retrieved May 9, 2021.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Wallace-Wells, Benjamin (June 18, 2021). "How a Conservative Activist Invented the Conflict Over Critical Race Theory". The New Yorker. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i Jones, Sarah (July 11, 2021). "How to Manufacture a Moral Panic". Intelligencer. Archived from the original on 2021-07-11. Retrieved July 12, 2021.
  8. ^ Beedle, Heidi (December 1, 2022). "A New Conservative Group Uses Anti-LGBTQ Sentiment to Attack Colorado Public Schools". Colorado Times Recorder. Retrieved January 31, 2023.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g Meckler, Laura; Dawsey, Josh (June 21, 2021). "Republicans, spurred by an unlikely figure, see political promise in critical race theory". The Washington Post. Vol. 144. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  10. ^ a b Chait, Jonathan (April 13, 2022). "Christopher Rufo Foments a School-Rape Panic". Intelligencer. Retrieved April 17, 2022.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h Gabriel, Trip (2022-04-24). "He Fuels the Right's Cultural Fires (and Spreads Them to Florida)". The New York Times. Vol. 171, no. 59403. p. A27. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-04-24.
  12. ^ a b Weingarten, Randi; Edelman, Jonah (April 29, 2022). "Extremists Are Using Lies to Undermine America's Public Schools: We Need to Take a Stand". Time. Retrieved September 10, 2023.
  13. ^ Rufo, Christopher F. (29 July 2019). "Madness and Society". City Journal. ISSN 1060-8540. residents of San Donato Val di Comino, Italy [...] My father was born in this village
  14. ^ Cauterucci, Christina. "Four Georgetown Alumni Featured at Silverdocs Film Festival". GEMA – Georgetown Entertainment and Media Alliance. Retrieved 2021-06-21.
  15. ^ Strauss, Daniel (February 17, 2023). "Christopher Rufo Claims a Degree from "Harvard." Umm... Not Quite". The New Republic. Retrieved 17 February 2023.
  16. ^ Ferreira, Ashley R.; Liang, Sophia S. (October 7, 2021). "How Far Will Harvard Extend?". Harvard Crimson. Retrieved 17 February 2023.
  17. ^ "Christopher Rufo". The Heritage Foundation. Retrieved January 12, 2021.
  18. ^ a b Dawsey, Josh; Stein, Jeff (September 5, 2020). "White House directs federal agencies to cancel race-related training sessions it calls 'un-American propaganda'". The Washington Post.
  19. ^ Rufo, Christopher. "Christopher Rufo". Discovery Institute. Retrieved 2021-06-27.
  20. ^ Boiko-Weyrauch, Anna (November 16, 2017). "Seattle Defends Its New High-Earner Income Tax In Court". NPR. Retrieved June 25, 2021.
  21. ^ a b Hutchinson, Chase (June 24, 2021). "Mastermind of 'Critical Race Theory' Uproar Lives in Gig Harbor. Who is Christopher Rufo?". Tacoma News Tribune. Retrieved August 2, 2021.
  22. ^ Dias, Isabela. "Christopher Rufo launched the critical race theory panic. He isn't done". Mother Jones. Retrieved 2023-08-06.
  23. ^ Wilson, Jason (November 22, 2022). "Colorado Springs: Far-Right Influencers Made LGBTQ People Into Targets". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved 2022-12-01.
  24. ^ Ceballos, Ana; Solochek, Jeffrey S. (January 6, 2023). "DeSantis seeks conservative overhaul at Florida liberal arts college". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved 2023-01-11.
  25. ^ Goldberg, Michelle (2023-01-10). "Opinion | DeSantis Allies Plot the Hostile Takeover of a Liberal College". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-02-17.
  26. ^ Wilson, Jason (11 October 2023). "'No enemies to the right': DeSantis ally hosts debate hedging white nationalism". The Guardian.
  27. ^ Christopher Rufo (director) (2019). America Lost. PBS. Retrieved November 19, 2022.
  28. ^ a b Rafael Pi Roman (host), Christopher Rufo (guest) (2019). "America Lost" finds community, poverty in three rust belt cities. PBS. Chasing the Dream. Retrieved November 19, 2022.
  29. ^ Walker, Meghan (November 2, 2018). "City council candidate Christopher Rufo takes on homelessness in upcoming public event". My Ballard. Ballard, Seattle. Retrieved November 19, 2022.
  30. ^ a b Rufo, Christopher (October 16, 2018). The Politics of Ruinous Compassion: How Seattle's Homelessness Policy Perpetuates the Crisis And How We Can Fix It. Discovery Institute (Report). A Discovery Institute White Paper. Retrieved November 19, 2022.
  31. ^ Baker, Peter (September 6, 2020). "More Than Ever, Trump Casts Himself as the Defender of White America". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 12, 2021.
  32. ^ "Critical Race Theory". cyber.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2023-05-30.
  33. ^ Iati, Marisa (May 29, 2021). "What is critical race theory, and why do Republicans want to ban it in schools?". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on May 30, 2021. Retrieved May 31, 2021.
  34. ^ a b c Schwartz, Matthew S. (September 5, 2020). "Trump Tells Agencies to End Trainings on 'White Privilege' and 'Critical Race Theory'". NPR. Archived from the original on September 5, 2020. Retrieved August 2, 2021.
  35. ^ Dutton, Jack (2021-06-11). "Critical Race Theory Is Banned in These States". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 2021-06-11.
  36. ^ Fuchs, Hailey (October 13, 2020). "Trump Attack on Diversity Training Has a Quick and Chilling Effect". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-01-12.
  37. ^ Guynn, Jessica (December 23, 2020). "Donald Trump executive order banning diversity training blocked by federal judge". USA Today. Retrieved January 12, 2021.
  38. ^ Drum, Kevin (January 8, 2021). "At Fox News, it's always about scary threats to white people". Mother Jones. Retrieved January 12, 2021.
  39. ^ a b Ibrahim, Nur (30 March 2021). "Does Calif. Ethnic Studies Curriculum Call for Chants to Aztec Gods, 'Countergenocide'?". Snopes. Retrieved 2021-07-06.
  40. ^ Kornick, Lindsay (June 22, 2021). "Washington Post issues 'clarifications' on story about critical race theory opponent Chris Rufo". Fox News. Retrieved July 7, 2021.
  41. ^ Taketa, Kristen (18 January 2022). "Calif. will delete popular affirmation from ethnic studies after suit claims it's an Aztec prayer". San Diego Union-Tribune. The model curriculum also included a longer chant based on In Lak'Ech and the Aztec concept of Nahui Ollin, also called the Four Movements. Nahui Ollin involves four concepts — self-reflection, knowledge, action and transformation — which are represented by the names of four Aztec gods. The chant also includes the name of a fifth Aztec god.
  42. ^ Sam Dorman (17 January 2022). "California agrees to remove Aztec, Ashe chants from curriculum after legal challenge". Fox News. Retrieved 17 September 2023. The chants caught national attention when researcher Chris Rufo reported on them at the beginning of last year
  43. ^ a b Joyce, Kathryn (April 8, 2022). "The guy who brought us CRT panic offers a new far-right agenda: Destroy public education". Salon. Retrieved April 16, 2022.
  44. ^ Stroud, Gregory (October 14, 2022). "What's Behind the Attacks on our Public Schools?". The Connecticut Examiner. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
  45. ^ Goldstein, Dana; Saul, Stephanie (April 22, 2022). "A Look Inside the Textbooks That Florida Rejected". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 23, 2022.
  46. ^ Diver, Tony (2023-12-11). "Harvard University president Claudine Gay accused of plagiarism amid anti-Semitism row". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 2023-12-11. Retrieved 2023-12-11.
  47. ^ a b Ward, Ian (2024-01-03). "We Sat Down With the Conservative Mastermind Behind Claudine Gay's Ouster". POLITICO. Retrieved 2024-01-04.
  48. ^ "Departure of Harvard's Claudine Gay plays into campus culture wars". 2024-01-03. Retrieved 2024-01-04.
  49. ^ Rufo, Christopher [@realchrisrufo] (August 23, 2022). "Last night, we welcomed our third son, Massimo Kap Rufo, into the world. Mother and child are both healthy and resting at home. @skprufo" (Tweet). Retrieved 10 January 2023 – via Twitter.

Notes

  1. ^ The Harvard Extension School is one among 13 schools that make Harvard University.[1]

External links

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