Pittsburgh synagogue shooting

Coordinates: 40°26′37″N 79°55′17″W / 40.44361°N 79.92139°W / 40.44361; -79.92139
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40°26′37″N 79°55′17″W / 40.44361°N 79.92139°W / 40.44361; -79.92139

Pittsburgh synagogue shooting
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LocationTree of Life * Or L'Simcha Congregation,
5898 Wilkins Avenue,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Coordinates40°26′37″N 79°55′17″W / 40.44361°N 79.92139°W / 40.44361; -79.92139
DateOctober 27, 2018 (2018-10-27)
9:54–11:08 a.m. (EDT)
TargetTree of Life * Or L'Simcha Congregation
Attack type
Mass shooting, hate crime
Weapons
Deaths11
Injured7 (including the suspected perpetrator)
MotiveAntisemitism, belief in the white genocide conspiracy theory
Charges
  • 29 federal criminal counts
  • 36 state counts[3][4]
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A mass shooting occurred at Tree of Life * Or L'Simcha Congregation[a] in the Squirrel Hill neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on October 27, 2018, while Shabbat morning services and a bris were being held. Eleven people were killed and six were injured. The sole suspect, 46-year-old Robert G. Bowers,[3][5] was arrested and charged with 29 federal crimes and 36 state crimes.[3][4]

The Anti-Defamation League said it believes the shooting is "the deadliest attack on the Jewish community in the history of the United States".[7]

Background

Main article: Tree of Life * Or L'Simcha Congregation

Tree of Life * Or L'Simcha Congregation is a Conservative Jewish synagogue. The synagogue describes itself as a "traditional, progressive, and egalitarian congregation".[8] It is located in the Squirrel Hill neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 1 mile (1.6 km) east of Carnegie Mellon University and about 5 miles (8.0 km) east of downtown Pittsburgh.[8][9] The Squirrel Hill neighborhood is one of the largest predominantly Jewish neighborhoods in the United States and has historically been the center of Pittsburgh's Jewish community, with 26 percent of the city's Jewish population living in the area.[10][11][12]

Originally founded as an Orthodox Jewish congregation in 1864 in downtown Pittsburgh, Tree of Life merged in 2010 with the recently-founded Congregation Or L'Simcha.[13] The modern synagogue building, located at the intersection of Wilkins Avenue and Shady Avenue in Squirrel Hill, was built in 1953; it rents space to Dor Hadash,[b] a Reconstructionist congregation; and New Light, another Conservative congregation.[14][15][16] The synagogue's main sanctuary has a capacity of 1,250 people.[17]

Incident

The gunman, described as a "bearded heavy-set white male", entered the building at approximately 9:50 a.m. and shouted, "all Jews must die!" before opening fire and "shooting for about 20 minutes".[18][15] The shooting took place during scheduled Shabbat morning services and a bris.[9][4][19] A member of the Jewish Federation of Pittsburgh told reporters that between 60 and 100 people were inside the building at the time of the incident.[20]

Police received calls describing the attack from people barricaded in the building during the shooting, beginning at 9:54 a.m. EDT (1:54 p.m. GMT).[21][22] At 9:59 a.m., police arrived at the synagogue.[23][22] At 10:30 a.m., tactical teams entered the building and were fired upon by the gunman. Officers returned fire and wounded him, leading him to retreat to a room on the third floor of the synagogue. At 11:08 a.m., the gunman crawled out of the room in which he was hiding and surrendered. While being arrested, the gunman reportedly said "All these Jews need to die."[22]

Victims

Eleven people were killed,[24][25][26] including three on the ground level and four in the synagogue's basement.[27] Among the dead were two brothers and a married couple.[28][18] At least six others were injured, including four police officers.[21] Most of the victims were taken to UPMC Presbyterian Hospital and UPMC Mercy, while Bowers was taken to Allegheny General Hospital.[21][29][30] The 11 victims killed, including members of each of the three congregations, were:[24][25][26]

  • Joyce Fienberg, 75
  • Rich Gottfried, 65
  • Rose Mallinger, 97
  • Dr. Jerry Rabinowitz, 66
  • Cecil Rosenthal, 59
  • David Rosenthal, 54
  • Bernice Simon, 84
  • Sylvan Simon, 86
  • Daniel Stein, 71
  • Melvin Wax, 88
  • Irving Younger, 69

Suspect

Robert G. Bowers,[3][5] a 46-year-old resident of Baldwin, Pennsylvania, was arrested as the suspected shooter.[31][32][33] After a shootout with police, he was taken into custody.[34] While he received medical care at a hospital after the shooting, he told a SWAT officer that he "wanted all Jews to die" and that Jews "were committing genocide to his people," according to a criminal complaint filed in Allegheny County.[35] Bowers was armed with an AR-15 rifle (cited as an "assault rifle"[2]) and three handguns, all four of which he fired, according to authorities.[4][9][36][37]

Bowers has been charged with 29 federal criminal crimes, including obstructing the free exercise of religious beliefs (a hate crime) and using a firearm to commit murder.[3][4][38] The federal charges include 11 counts of obstruction of exercise of religious beliefs resulting in death, 11 counts of use of a firearm to commit murder during a crime of violence, four counts of obstruction of exercise of religious beliefs resulting in bodily injury to a public safety officer, and three counts of use and discharge of a firearm during a crime of violence.[38][18] Bowers was also charged with 36 state counts, including 11 counts of criminal homicide, six counts of aggravated assault and 13 counts of ethnic intimidation.[3][4]

Bowers' Gab social media profile was registered in January 2018 under the handle "onedingo", and the account's description was: "Jews are the children of Satan (John 8:44). The Lord Jesus Christ [has] come in the flesh." The cover picture was a photo with the number 1488, which is used by neo-Nazis and white supremacists to evoke David Lane's "Fourteen Words" and the Nazi slogan Heil Hitler. Bowers had published posts supporting the white genocide theory. Bowers also stated supporters of the QAnon conspiracy theory were "deluded" and being tricked.[39][40][41] He also re-posted content by other anti-Semitic, neo-Nazi, and Holocaust-denying users,[42][43][44] and he criticized President Donald Trump for being a "globalist, not a nationalist"[45] and for supposedly being controlled and surrounded by Jews. In another post, Bowers stated, “There is no #MAGA [Make America Great Again] as long as there is a [Jewish] infestation.”[46][33][47][48] Bowers' social media posts also attacked African Americans with racial slurs and images related to lynching, and attacked women who have relationships with Black men.[49]

A month before the attack, Bowers posted photos showing the results of his target practice, and a photo of his three handguns, calling them his "glock family".[43] In the post, he identified the .357 SIG handguns as Glock 31, Glock 32, and Glock 33.[42]

In the weeks before the shooting, Bowers reportedly made anti-Semitic posts directed at the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS)-sponsored National Refugee Shabbat,[50] in which Tree of Life was participating.[51][52][53][54] Among other things, Bowers is reported to have claimed that Jews were aiding members of Central American caravans moving towards the United States border and to have referred to members of those caravans as "invaders".[55] Shortly before the attack, in an apparent reference to immigrants to the United States, Bowers posted on Gab that "HIAS likes to bring invaders in that kill our people. I can't sit by and watch my people get slaughtered. Screw your optics, I'm going in." According to the Southern Poverty Law Center, "the mention of 'optics' references a disagreement that has raged within the white nationalist movement since the Unite the Right rally in 2017 about how best to get their message across to the general public".[56][33][57][58]

After the shooting, Gab contacted the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), suspended Bowers' profile, and pledged to cooperate with the criminal investigation.[44][39] Shortly after the attack, PayPal, Stripe, Joyent, and Medium pulled support for Gab, and GoDaddy, which the Gab domains were registered under, required Gab to relocate their domain name hosting to a different service in the wake of the shooting, effectively shutting down Gab in the short term.[59]

Response

United States

Governor Wolf makes a statement about the shooting.
Governor Tom Wolf Twitter
@GovernorTomWolf

Anti-Semitism has absolutely no place in our commonwealth. Any attack on one community of faith in PA is an attack against every community of faith. I want the Jewish community to know that we stand in support of you as we together mourn this senseless act of violence.

October 27, 2018[60]

President Donald Trump, Pennsylvania Governor Tom Wolf, his running mate Braddock Mayor John Fetterman, and Pittsburgh City Councilman Corey O'Connor released statements about the incident through Twitter.[61] Trump called the shooting a wicked, anti-Semitic act of "pure evil."[61] He also opined that the shooting was preventable: "If there was an armed guard inside the temple, they would have been able to stop him".[62][63][64] He also suggested that cases such as this call for the death penalty.[65][64] Michael Eisenberg, a former president of Tree of Life * Or L'Simcha congregation, said that the synagogue did have a police presence on the High Holy Days but that "on a day like today, the door is open. It's a religious service, you could walk in and out."[62] Rabbi Aaron Bisno of neighboring reform synagogue Rodef Shalom, which has a close relationship to Tree of Life, called President Trump's response "tone deaf" adding "the fundamental issue here is the cultural message that this kind of hatred, this kind of violence, is acceptable. And also that people's access to guns is not something that we as a society should solve. Those are the main issues here."[66] Ron Dermer, the Israeli Ambassador to the United States, praised Trump's condemnation of the attack stating that he is "not aware of a single non-Israeli leader that has made such a strong statement in condemning anti-Semitism."[67]

A group of Jewish leaders from Pittsburgh affiliated with the progressive activist group[68] Bend the Arc: A Jewish Partnership for Justice wrote a letter to Trump, telling him that he is not welcome in the city until he "denounces white nationalism", and stops targeting minorities, refugees and immigrants. The group wrote that the "Jewish community is not the only group you (Trump) have targeted. Yesterday's massacre is not the first act of terror you incited against a minority group in our country" and said that he has "spread lies and sowed fear about migrant families in Central America."[69]

Some observers, including representatives of the American Civil Liberties Union and think tank New Democrat Network, and political analyst David Rothkopf, alleged that the attack was inspired by elements of Trump's rhetoric,[70][71] though the administration, including Mike Pence, denied any such connection adding "we want a free and open political debate in America where everyone expresses themselves passionately and openly — but also recognize the difference between passionate debate and acts of violence and evil".[72][73]

Tennessee GOP Senatorial candidate Marsha Blackburn had a moment of silence at her October 28 campaign rally to remember the victims of the Pittsburgh shooting. This was interrupted by a protester shouting "Marsha Blackburn is a white supremacist." [74]

International

Israel's prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu condemned the "horrifying anti-Semitic brutality" adding that "the whole of Israel grieves with the families of the dead."[75][76][77][78] Israel's education and diaspora affairs minister, Naftali Bennett, immediately left for Pittsburgh to visit the synagogue, meet with community members, and participate in the funerals of the victims,[79] and has directed the Ministry of Diaspora Affairs "to assess and prepare to assist the Pittsburgh Jewish community, 'including the need for emergency and resilience teams that immediately left Israel for psychological assistance and community rehabilitation.'"[80][81][82] Israel's cabinet stood for a moment's silence on Sunday to honor the victims of a synagogue shooting.[83] Tel Aviv Municipality lit their city hall building with the colors of the American flag in solidarity with the victims of the Pittsburgh synagogue attack.[84][85] An image of the Israeli flag next to the American flag was projected onto Jerusalem's Western Wall.[86]

Chief Rabbi of Israel David Lau expressed support for the victims saying that “any murder of any Jew in any part of the world for being Jewish is unforgivable." He described the location as "a place with a profound Jewish flavor" rather than a synagogue, as the conservative congregation is non-Orthodox. Other ultra-Orthodox leaders echoed this sentiment. However, prominent non-Orthodox Israeli religious leaders and scholars rejected Lau's statement.[87][88][89]

Pope Francis denounced the "inhuman act of violence" in his Sunday prayers in St. Peter's Square on October 28, leading prayers for the dead and wounded, as well as their families. He asked God "to help us to extinguish the flames of hatred that develop in our societies".[90]

Media and organizations

The New York Times published an op-ed by Jonathan Greenblatt, CEO of the Anti-Defamation League, that urged readers to fight against antisemitism and hate.[91]

On October 28, the Empire State Building darkened its lights in honor of the victims. According to the building's Twitter account, the top of the spire was left aglow with "an orange halo shining a light on gun violence awareness".[92] Sports teams that observed a moment of silence for the shooting victims include the Pittsburgh Steelers at their home game against the Cleveland Browns,[93] the New Orleans Saints at the Minnesota Vikings,[94] the Pittsburgh Penguins at the Vancouver Canucks,[95] the Winnipeg Jets at the Toronto Maple Leafs,[96] the Philadelphia Eagles and the Jacksonville Jaguars playing in London,[97] the Pittsburgh Panthers at Duke,[98] and the Yeshiva University Maccabees at their men's basketball preseason scrimmage against Molloy College.[citation needed] A moment of silence was also observed before Game 4 of the World Series at Dodger Stadium on Saturday night.[98]

Local

In the morning of the day of the shooting the campus of Carnegie Mellon University was placed on lockdown and all university-sponsored activities were cancelled for the day.[16] At the same time residents were advised by police to remain in their homes and stay off the streets.[27]

On the evening of the shooting, over 3,000 people gathered at the intersection of Murray and Forbes Avenues in Squirrel Hill for an interfaith candlelight vigil organized by students from nearby Taylor Allderdice High School.[99] Two additional vigils were also held in the neighborhood.[4]

The day after the shooting, an interfaith vigil organized by the regional Jewish Federation was held at Soldiers and Sailors Memorial Hall. It was attended by numerous national and local dignitaries, and featured a number of speakers, including the rabbis of the three congregations which occupied the synagogue building, Islamic and Christian clergy, and civic leaders.[100] Among those in attendance were Bill Peduto, mayor of Pittsburgh; Rich Fitzgerald, Allegheny County executive; Senators Bob Casey and Pat Toomey; Governor Tom Wolf; Naftali Bennett, Israeli Minister for Education and Minister for Diaspora Affairs; Ron Dermer, Israeli ambassador to the United States; and Danny Danon, permanent representative of Israel to the United Nations. A video was streamed during the event featuring Israeli president Reuven Rivlin,[101] who offered brief remarks and led the crowd in a recitation of the Kaddish.[102][103]

As of October 28, a GoFundMe account set up by an Iranian immigrant had raised nearly US$500,000 of a US$1 million goal for the synagogue to repair its building and assist the survivors and families of those killed.[104]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Template:Lang-he-n[6]
  2. ^ Template:Lang-he-n

References

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External links

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