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16th United States Congress

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16th United States Congress
15th ←
→ 17th
United States Capitol (1827)
March 4, 1819 – March 4, 1821
Members46 senators
186 representatives
3 non-voting delegates
Senate majorityDemocratic-Republican
Senate PresidentDaniel D. Tompkins
House majorityDemocratic-Republican
House SpeakerHenry Clay
John W. Taylor
Sessions
1st: December 6, 1819 – May 15, 1820
2nd: November 13, 1820 – March 3, 1821

The Sixteenth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1819, to March 4, 1821, during the third and fourth years of James Monroe's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Third Census of the United States in 1810. Both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority.

President pro tempore of the Senate James Barbour
Speaker of the House Henry Clay

Major events

Main articles: 1819 in the United States, 1820 in the United States, and 1821 in the United States

Major legislation

Main article: List of United States federal legislation § 16th United States Congress

Proposed but not enacted

  • Tallmadge Amendment would bar slaves from the new state of Missouri. Passed the House of Representatives, but not the Senate. The Tallmadge Amendment led to the passage of the Missouri Compromise.

Treaties

States admitted and territories created

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate

During this congress, two Senate seats were added for each of the new states of Alabama and Maine.

Party
(shading shows control) 		Total Vacant
Democratic-
Republican
(DR) 		Federalist
(F)
End of previous congress 28 12 40 2
Begin 30 9 39 3
End 37 460
Final voting share 80.4% 19.6%
Beginning of next congress 40 4 44 2

House of Representatives

During this congress, one House seat was added for the new state of Alabama and one seat was reapportioned from Massachusetts to the new state of Maine. For the beginning of the next congress, six more seats from Massachusetts would be reapportioned to Maine.

Party
(shading shows control) 		Total Vacant
Democratic-
Republican
(DR) 		Federalist
(F)
End of previous congress 146 39 185 0
Begin 157 26 183 2
End 158 253
Final voting share 86.3% 13.7%
Beginning of next congress 150 31 181 5

Leadership

File:BustDanielTompkins.jpg
President of the Senate Daniel D. Tompkins

Senate

House of Representatives

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1820; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1822; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1824.

House of Representatives

See also: United States House of Representatives elections, 1818

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of this Congress.

Senate

There were 5 resignations, 2 deaths, 2 vacancies before the Congress, and 4 new seats. The Democratic-Republicans had an 7-seat net gain and the Federalists had a 1-seat net loss.


See also: List of special elections to the United States Senate

Template:Ordinal US Congress Senate

|- | Georgia
(2) | Vacant | style="font-size:80%" | John Forsyth had resigned before the beginning of the Congress. | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Freeman Walker (DR) | Elected November 6, 1819 |- | Kentucky
(3) | Vacant | style="font-size:80%" | John J. Crittenden had resigned before the beginning of the Congress. | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Richard M. Johnson (DR) | Elected December 10, 1819 |- | Maryland
(1) | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | Alexander C. Hanson (F) | style="font-size:80%" | Died April 23, 1819 | style="background-color:#AACC99" | William Pinkney (DR) | Elected December 21, 1819 |- | Virginia
(2) | style="background-color:#AACC99" | John W. Eppes (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned December 4, 1819 | style="background-color:#AACC99" | James Pleasants (DR) | Elected December 10, 1819 |- | Alabama
(2) | rowspan=2 | New seats | rowspan=2 style="font-size:80%" | Alabama was admitted to the Union December 14, 1819. | style="background-color:#AACC99" | John W. Walker (DR) | Elected December 14, 1819 |- | Alabama
(3) | style="background-color:#AACC99" | William R. King (DR) | Elected December 14, 1819 |- | Maine
(2) | rowspan=2 | New seats | rowspan=2 style="font-size:80%" |Maine was admitted to the Union March 15, 1820. | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | John Holmes (F) | Elected June 13, 1820 |- | Maine
(1) | style="background-color:#AACC99" | John Chandler (DR) | Elected June 14, 1820 |- | Massachusetts
(1) | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | Prentiss Mellen (F) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned May 15, 1820 | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | Elijah H. Mills (F) | Elected June 12, 1820 |- | Mississippi
(1) | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Walter Leake (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned May 15, 1820, after becoming US Marshal for Mississippi | style="background-color:#AACC99" | David Holmes (DR) | Appointed August 30, 1820 |- | Kentucky
(2) | style="background-color:#AACC99" | William Logan (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned May 28, 1820, to run for Governor of Kentucky | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Isham Talbot (DR) | Elected October 19, 1820 |- | Rhode Island
(2) | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | James Burrill, Jr. (F) | style="font-size:80%" | Died December 25, 1820 | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Nehemiah R. Knight (DR) | Elected January 9, 1821 |- | New Jersey
(1) | style="background-color:#AACC99" | James J. Wilson (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned January 8, 1821 | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Samuel L. Southard (DR) | Appointed January 26, 1821 |}

House of Representatives

Main article: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives

There were 13 resignations, 5 deaths, 2 contested elections, and 2 new seats. The Democratic-Republicans had a 1-seat net gain and the Federalists had no net change.


Main article: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives

Template:Ordinal US Congress Rep

|- | North Carolina
2nd | Vacant | style="font-size:80%" | | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Hutchins G. Burton (DR) | Seated December 6, 1819 |- | Alabama Territory | rowspan=2 | Vacant | rowspan=2 style="font-size:80%" | Seat remained vacant until statehood | rowspan=2 style="background-color:#AACC99" | John Crowell (DR) | rowspan=2 | Seated December 14, 1819 |- | Alabama
At-large |- | Arkansas Territory | Vacant | style="font-size:80%" | Arkansas Territory organized July 4, 1819 | James W. Bates | Seated December 21, 1819 |- | New York
1st | Vacant | style="font-size:80%" | Contested election. Representative-elect Ebenezer Sage never qualified. | style="background-color:#AACC99" | James Guyon, Jr. (DR) | Seated January 14, 1820 |- | New Jersey
At-large | style="background-color:#AACC99" | John Condit (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned November 4, 1819 | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Charles Kinsey (DR) | Seated February 16, 1820 |- | Virginia 17th | style="background-color:#AACC99" | James Pleasants (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned December 14, 1819 | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | William S. Archer (F) | Seated January 18, 1820 |- | Vermont 1st | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Orsamus C. Merrill (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Contested election, served until January 12, 1820 | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Rollin C. Mallary (DR) | Seated January 13, 1820 |- | Virginia 20th | style="background-color:#AACC99" | James Johnson (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned February 1, 1820 | style="background-color:#AACC99" | John C. Gray (DR) | Seated November 13, 1820 |- | Virginia 10th | style="background-color:#AACC99" | George F. Strother (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned February 10, 1820 | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Thomas L. Moore (DR) | Seated November 13, 1820 |- | Kentucky
6th | style="background-color:#AACC99" | David Walker (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Died March 1, 1820 | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Francis Johnson (DR) | Seated November 13, 1820 |- | Massachusetts
14th | style="background-color:#AACC99" | John Holmes (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned March 15, 1820, to become U.S. Senator from Maine. | District moved to Maine | District inactive until 1903 |- | Maine
At-large | New seat | style="font-size:80%" | Massachusetts's 14th district became Maine's at-large district | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | Joseph Dane (F) | Seated November 6, 1820 |- | Massachusetts
1st | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | Jonathan Mason (F) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned May 15, 1820 | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Benjamin Gorham (DR) | Seated November 27, 1820 |- | Pennsylvania
5th | style="background-color:#AACC99" | David Fullerton (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned May 15, 1820 | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | Thomas G. McCullough (F) | rowspan= 4 | Seated November 13, 1820 |- | Massachusetts
13th | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Edward Dowse (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned May 26, 1820 | style="background-color:#AACC99" | William Eustis (DR) |- | Kentucky
9th | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Tunstall Quarles (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned June 15, 1820 | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Thomas Montgomery (DR) |- | Virginia 1st | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | James Pindall (F) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned July 26, 1820 | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Edward B. Jackson (DR) |- | Massachusetts
8th | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Zabdiel Sampson (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned July 26, 1820 | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Aaron Hobart (DR) | Seated December 18, 1820

|- | Michigan Territory | William Woodbridge | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned August 9, 1820 | Solomon Sibley | Seated November 20, 1820 |- | Pennsylvania
7th | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Joseph Hiester (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned sometime in December 1820 | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Daniel Udree (DR) | Seated January 8, 1821 |- | Rhode Island
At-large | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Nathaniel Hazard (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Died December 17, 1820 | Vacant | Not filled in this Congress |- | North Carolina
4th | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | Jesse Slocumb (F) | style="font-size:80%" | Died December 20, 1820 | style="background-color:#AACC99" | William S. Blackledge (DR) | Seated February 7, 1821 |- | New Jersey
At-large | style="background-color:#AACC99" | John Linn (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Died January 5, 1821 | Vacant | Not filled in this Congress |- | Delaware
At-large | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Willard Hall (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned January 22, 1821 | Vacant | Not filled in this Congress |- | Virginia 14th | style="background-color:#AACC99" | William A. Burwell (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Died February 16, 1821 | Vacant | Not filled in this Congress |}

Officers

Senate

House of Representatives

References

  1. ^ "debunk". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth edition. Houghton Mifflin. 2000. Retrieved January 11, 2009.
  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
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