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2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries

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2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries

← 2020 January 13 to June 4, 2024 2028 →

Non-binding preferential vote
 
Candidate Charles Ballay None of the above[b] Chase Oliver[c]
Home state Louisiana Georgia
Contests won 1 2 6
Popular vote 22,337[a] 6,384[a] 3,498[a]
Percentage 55.1% 15.7% 8.6%

 
Candidate Jacob Hornberger Lars Mapstead Michael Rectenwald
Home state Virginia California Pennsylvania
Contests won 0 2 2
Popular vote 2,043[a] 1,226[a] 943[a]
Percentage 5.0% 3.0% 2.3%

 
Candidate Mike ter Maat Joshua Smith
Home state Florida Iowa
Contests won 1 1
Popular vote 589[a] 416[a]
Percentage 1.5% 1.0%

2024 United States presidential election in California#Libertarian primary2024 United States presidential election in New Mexico#Libertarian primary2024 United States presidential election in Nebraska#Libertarian primary2024 United States presidential election in Minnesota#Libertarian primary2024 United States presidential election in Indiana#Libertarian primary2024 United States presidential election in Iowa#Libertarian caucuses2024 United States presidential election in Mississippi#Libertarian caucuses2024 Oklahoma Libertarian presidential primaryLibertarian primary2024 North Carolina Libertarian presidential primary2024 United States presidential election in Massachusetts#Libertarian primary2024 United States presidential election in Connecticut#Libertarian primary
First place by first-instance vote

Previous Libertarian nominee

Jo Jorgensen

Libertarian nominee

Chase Oliver

The 2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries and caucuses were a series of current electoral contests to indicate non-binding preferences for the Libertarian Party (LP) presidential nominee in the 2024 United States presidential election. These differed from the Republican or Democratic presidential primaries and caucuses in that they do not appoint delegates to represent a candidate at the party's convention to select the party's presidential nominee.

The party's nominee was chosen directly by registered delegates at the 2024 Libertarian National Convention on May 26 in Washington, D.C.[1][2] Chase Oliver was chosen as the party's nominee in the seventh round of voting.[3]

Results

[edit]

Candidates and ballot options listed on multiple ballots and receiving at least 1% of the national popular vote are listed individually on the table. All remaining votes are detailed under the other column.

Legend:   1st place
(popular vote)
2nd place
(popular vote)
3rd place
(popular vote)
Candidate has
withdrawn
Candidate unable to
appear on ballot
Date Contest Candidates and results

Charles
Ballay

Jacob
Hornberger

Lars
Mapstead

Chase
Oliver

Michael
Rectenwald

Joshua
Smith

Mike
ter Maat

Other

None of the Above
January 13 Arizona[4][d] Not on ballot 2nd 5th 1st 3rd 3rd 5th Not on ballot 2 votes[e]
January 15 Iowa[5] 0%
0 votes
1.1%
1 vote
1.1%
1 vote
42.7%
38 votes
16.9%
15 votes
13.5%
12 votes
13.5%
12 votes
10.1%
9 votes[f]
1.1%
1 vote
February 3 Alabama[6][d] 4th 6th 3rd 5th 1st Not on ballot 2nd 6th[g] Not on ballot
February 24 Mississippi[7] 0%
0 votes
11.8%
2 votes
29.4%
5 votes
11.8%
2 votes
41.2%
7 votes
0%
0 votes
0%
0 votes
0%
0 votes
5.9%
1 vote
February 27 Minnesota[8] 2.3%
1 vote
14.0%
6 votes
0%
0 votes
23.3%
10 votes
20.9%
9 votes
30.2%
13 votes
4.7%
2 votes
2.3%
1 vote[h]
2.3%
1 vote
March 2 Indiana[9] Not on ballot 4.0%
4 votes
13.9%
14 votes
62.4%
63 votes
5.9%
6 votes
4.0%
4 votes
6.9%
7 votes
Not on ballot 3.0%
3 votes
Pennsylvania[10] 2.2%
3 votes
4.4%
6 votes
0.1%
1 vote[i]
19.0%
26 votes
22.6%
31 votes
16.1%
22 votes
28.5%
39 votes
6.6%
9 votes[j]
Not on ballot
March 5 North Carolina[11] 3.6%
183 votes
7.0%
357 votes
3.5%
176 votes
13.3%
676 votes
3.8%
195 votes
7.0%
354 votes
2.7%
137 votes
18.7%
946 votes[k]
40.5%
2,058 votes[l]
California[12] 98.6%
21,906 votes
Not on ballot 1.4%[m]
313 votes
Not on ballot
Oklahoma[14] Not on ballot 38.9%
362 votes
Not on ballot 61.1%
569 votes
Not on ballot
Massachusetts[15] Not on ballot 11.0%
1,089 votes
4.0%
399 votes
14.6%
1,453 votes
5.5%
546 votes
Not on ballot 3.2%
314 votes
21.7%
2,161 votes[n]
40.0%
3,982 votes
April 2 Connecticut[16] First Ballot:
6.6%
7 votes

Final Ballot:
0.0%
0 votes
First Ballot:
11.3%
12 votes

Final Ballot:
34.4%
23 votes
First Ballot:
6.6%
7 votes

Final Ballot:
0.0%
0 votes
First Ballot:
34.9%
37 votes

Final Ballot:
65.6%
49 votes
First Ballot:
14.6%
14 votes

Final Ballot:
0.0%
0 votes
First Ballot:
9.4%
10 votes

Final Ballot:
0.0%
0 votes
First Ballot:
8.5%
9 votes

Final Ballot:
0.0%
0 votes
First Ballot:
3.8%
4 votes

Final Ballot:
0.0%
0 votes[o]
First Ballot:
5.7%
6 votes

Final Ballot:
0.0%
0 votes
May 5 Maine[17] Not on ballot 0.0%
0 votes
73.3%
11 votes
13.3%
2 votes
Not on ballot 6.7%
1 vote
0.0%
0 votes
6.7%
1 vote[p]
Not on ballot
May 14 Nebraska[18] 21.2%
237 votes
18.2%
204 votes
16.1%
180 votes
27.6%
309 votes
10.7%
120 votes
Not on ballot 6.2%
69 votes
Not on ballot
June 4 New Mexico[19] Not on ballot 56.5%
432 votes
Not on ballot 43.5%
332 votes
Totals as of June 5[a]
(See Above)
55.1%
22,337 votes
5.0%
2,043 votes
3.0%
1,226 votes
8.6%
3,498 votes
2.3%
943 votes
1.0%
416 votes
1.5%
589 votes
7.7%
3,131 votes[q]
15.7%
6,384 votes

Candidates

[edit]

Major candidates

[edit]

Prior to the LP 2024 National Convention, 38 candidates filed with the Federal Election Commission to run for the Libertarian Party presidential nomination in 2024.[20]

Nominee

[edit]
2024 Libertarian Party nominee
Name Born Experience Home state Campaign
Announcement date
Contests
won
Popular
vote
Running
mate[r]
Ref.

Chase Oliver
August 16, 1985
(age 39)
Nashville, Tennessee
Nominee for U.S. Senator from Georgia in 2022
Candidate for GA-05 in 2020
Chair of the Atlanta Libertarian Party (2016–2017)
 Georgia
Campaign
Website
April 5, 2023
FEC filing[21]
6
(IA, IN, AZ, OK, CT, NE)
3,498 (8.6%) Mike ter Maat[22][s] [24]

Eliminated at convention

[edit]

This section includes candidates who filed paperwork with the Federal Election Commission with intent to run under the Libertarian Party and who met one or more of the following criteria: a) meet Wikipedia's notability guidelines; b) participated in at least three Libertarian Party-sponsored debates; or c) received non-trivial media coverage as a candidate in this election cycle.

Eliminated in convention balloting
Candidate Born Experience Home state Campaign announced
Announcement date
Campaign suspended
Suspension date
Contests
won
Popular
vote
Ref.
No preference/
None of the above/
Uncommitted
N/A May 26, 2024 (eliminated in seventh balloting) 2
(NC, MA)
6,384 (15.7%) [11]

Michael
Rectenwald
January 29, 1959
(age 65)
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Author and Scholar
Former New York University professor (2008–2019)
 Pennsylvania
August 28, 2023
FEC filing[25]
May 26, 2024 (eliminated in sixth balloting) 2
(MS, AL)
943 (2.3%) [26]


Mike ter Maat

June 20, 1961
(age 63)
Portland, Oregon
Economist
Former Hallandale Beach, Florida police officer
Nominee for FL-20 in 2022
 Virginia
April 18, 2022
FEC filing[27]
May 26, 2024 (eliminated during fifth balloting; endorsed Oliver during balloting)
(ran for vice-president)
1
(PA)
589 (1.5%)

Lars Mapstead
Lars Mapstead

August 14, 1969
(age 55)
Monterey, California
Co-founder of Friend Finder Networks
Founder of Fupa Games and Legendary Speed[28]
 California

March 23, 2021
FEC filing[29]
Running mate: Larry Sharpe[30]

May 26, 2024 (eliminated during fourth balloting; endorsed Oliver after his nomination) 2
(ME, NM)
1,226 (3.0%) [31]


Joshua Smith

March 13, 1983
(age 41)
Antioch, California
Vice Chair of the Libertarian National Committee
(2022–2023)
 Iowa

July 24, 2023
FEC filing[32]

May 26, 2024 (eliminated during third balloting) 1
(MN)
416 (1.0%) [26]

Jacob Hornberger
January 28, 1950
(age 74)
Laredo, Texas
Founder and President of the Future of Freedom Foundation
Independent candidate for U.S. Senate from Virginia in 2002
Candidate for President in 2000 and 2020
 Virginia
February 20, 2023
FEC filing[33]
May 26, 2024 (eliminated during second balloting) 0 2,043 (5.0%) [26]

Charles Ballay

January 1, 1970
(age 54)
New Orleans, Louisiana
Otolaryngologist  Louisiana
August 24, 2023
FEC filing[34]
May 26, 2024 (eliminated during initial balloting; endorsed Oliver after his nomination) 1
(CA)
22,337 (55.1%) [35]

Art Olivier

August 24, 1957
(age 67)
Lynwood, California
Nominee for U.S. Vice President in 2000
Nominee for Governor of California in 2006
Mayor of Bellflower, California (1998–1999)
 California

December 11, 2023
FEC filing[36]

May 26, 2024 (eliminated during initial balloting) 0 5 (nil%) [37]


Withdrew before the primaries

[edit]
Former candidates in the 2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries
Name Born Experience Home state Campaign
announced
Campaign
suspended
Campaign Ref.

Joe Exotic
March 5, 1963
(age 60)
Garden City, Kansas
Businessman and media personality
Owner of the Greater Wynnewood Exotic Animal Park (1998–2018)
Independent candidate for president in 2016
Candidate for Governor of Oklahoma in 2018
 Texas March 10, 2023 April 11, 2023
(ran for the Democratic nomination)[38]


FEC filing[39]
[40]

Other candidates

[edit]

The following candidates achieved at least one of the following in the 2024 election cycle: appeared on a primary ballot, received votes in a LP-sanctioned contest that did not require ballot access, were invited to a party-sanctioned debate or forum, or were included on the Libertarian National Committee's list of candidates.

LNC delegates are not bound to votes in primary elections, so while voters are able choose a candidate, it has no direct effect on the nominee selection at the party's nominating Convention.[41]

On the ballot/received votes in multiple states
  • Joseph Collins Jr., broadcaster from California (AL, MS, PA, CT)[42][43]
  • Joshua "Toad" Anderson (NC, PA)[35](Nominated on floor of the national convention as "Toad")[44]
On the ballot/received votes in one state
  • David "TrimeTaveler" Dunlap (NC) from Florida[35][45]
  • Beau Lindsey (NC), "anonymous candidate" from Tennessee[35][46][47]
  • Robert Sansone (IA), Air Force veteran and government contractor from Colorado[48]
  • Mario Perales (IA), alien hunter from Iowa[49][50][51]
  • David Reed DeSilva III of Arizona (MN)[52]
On the ballot/received votes in no states
  • Joshua Rodriguez, computer scientist from Colorado[53][54]
  • Jody Jones, activist and economist from Florida[55][56]

Declined to be candidates

[edit]

The following notable individuals had been the subject of speculation about their possible candidacy but either publicly denied interest in running, or ultimately did not run.

Endorsements

[edit]
Lars Mapstead
Notable individuals
Chase Oliver
Organizations
Notable individuals
  • Keenan Dunham, former chair of the Horry County, South Carolina Libertarian Party and candidate for LP presidential nomination in 2016, 2020, and 2024[70]
  • Mark Tuniewicz, Libertarian National Committee regional representative [71]
Michael Rectenwald
State officials
Notable individuals
Organizations
Joshua Smith
Notable individuals

Timeline of the race

[edit]

2021

[edit]

2022

[edit]

2023

[edit]

2024

[edit]

Overview

[edit]

Unable to compile EasyTimeline input:

EasyTimeline 1.90


Timeline generation failed: 1 error found
Line 33: from:04/05/2023 till:11/25/2024 color:Active text:"Oliver"

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 Date '11/25/2024' not within range as specified by command Period.



Active campaign Withdrawn candidate
Midterm elections Primary
Super Tuesday Libertarian National Convention

Debates and forums

[edit]

Schedule

[edit]
Map of United States showing sites of all Libertarian presidential debates in 2019–2020.
L1 Stanhope
L1
Stanhope
L2 North Charleston
L2
North Charleston
L3 Cromwell
L3
Cromwell
L4 Tucson
L4
Tucson
L5 Des Moines
L5
Des Moines
L6 Jacksonville
L6
Jacksonville
L7 Conyers
L7
Conyers
L8 Delta
L8
Delta
L9 Midwest City
L9
Midwest City
L10 Des Moines
L10
Des Moines
L11 Clemmons
L11
Clemmons
L11 St. Louis
L11
St. Louis
L12 Costa Mesa
L12
Costa Mesa
L13 Harrisburg

L13
Harrisburg
L14 New Brunswick
L14
New Brunswick
L15 Elmhurst
L15
Elmhurst
L16 Flint
L16
Flint
L17 Watkins Glen
L17
Watkins Glen
L18 Colorado Springs
L18
Colorado Springs
L19 Metairie
L19
Metairie
L20 Corpus Christi
L20
Corpus Christi
L21 Spokane
L21
Spokane
L22 Salt Lake City
L22
Salt Lake City
L23 Overland Park
L23
Overland Park
L24 Duluth
L24
Duluth
L25 Washington
L25
Washington
Sites of the Libertarian Party presidential debates.

Debates

[edit]

The following table lists debates which are sponsored by an affiliate of the Libertarian Party.

Libertarian Party-sponsored debates among candidates for the 2024 Libertarian Party U.S. presidential nomination
Date Place Host Participants
 P  Participant.  I  Invitee.  A  Absent.  N  Confirmed non-invitee.  O  Out of race (exploring, suspended, or not yet entered) Ballay Hornberger Mapstead Oliver Olivier Rectenwald Smith ter Maat Others
October 3, 2023[83] Stanhope, New Jersey North New Jersey Libertarian Party A A A[t] P O P P A[u] A
November 11, 2023[84][v] North Charleston, South Carolina South Carolina Libertarian Party N P P P O P P P N
December 2, 2023[86] Cromwell, Connecticut Connecticut Libertarian Party A P P P O P[w] A[x] P A
January 13, 2024[87] Tucson, Arizona Arizona Libertarian Party A P P P A P A[y] P A
January 15, 2024[88] Des Moines, Iowa Libertarian Party of Iowa A A P P A[z] A P P A
January 20, 2024[89] Jacksonville, Florida Libertarian Party of Florida A P P P A P P P A
January 27, 2024[90] Conyers, Georgia Libertarian Party of Georgia A P P P A P P P P[aa]
February 3, 2024[91] Delta, Alabama Libertarian Party of Alabama P P P P A P A P P[ab]
February 7, 2024[92][ac] Midwest City, Oklahoma Libertarian Party of Oklahoma N P N P N N N N N
February 17, 2024[94] Des Moines, Iowa Libertarian Party of Iowa A A A A P A A P A
February 18, 2024[95][96] Clemmons, North Carolina Libertarian Party of North Carolina A P P P A P A P A[ad]
February 23, 2024[97] St. Louis, Missouri Libertarian Party of Missouri A P A A A A A P A
February 24–25, 2024[98][99][100] Costa Mesa, California Libertarian Party of California N2 N2 N2 A A N1 A N1 N1/2[ae]
March 2, 2024[101][102] Harrisburg, Pennsylvania Libertarian Party of Pennsylvania P P A P P P P P A[af]
March 3, 2024[103] New Brunswick, New Jersey Libertarian Party of New Jersey P P P P A P P P A
March 8, 2024[104] Elmhurst, Illinois Libertarian Party of Illinois P P P P P A[ag] P P A[ah]
March 9, 2024[105] Flint, Michigan Libertarian Party of Michigan P P P P P A[ai] A P A
March 17, 2024[106][107] Watkins Glen, New York Libertarian Party of New York P P P P A P A P P[aj]
March 23, 2024[108] Colorado Springs, Colorado Libertarian Party of Colorado A P P P A P A P A
April 6, 2024[109][110] Metairie, Louisiana Libertarian Party of Louisiana P P P P A A[ak] A P A[al]
April 12, 2024[111][112][am] Corpus Christi, Texas Libertarian Party of Texas N N P P N P N P N
April 14, 2024[113] Spokane, Washington Libertarian Party of Washington A P A P A P[an] P[ao] P[ap] A
April 19, 2024[114] Salt Lake City, Utah Libertarian Party of Utah P A P A A A A P A
April 20, 2024[115][116] Overland Park, Kansas Libertarian Party of Kansas A P A P A P P P A[aq]
April 21, 2024[117] Duluth, Minnesota Libertarian Party of Minnesota P A[ar] P P P A[as] P P A
May 25, 2024[55][at] Washington, D.C. United States Libertarian Party P N P P N P P P[au] N
Candidate Debates
ter Maat 24
Oliver 22
Mapstead 20
Hornberger 19
Rectenwald 16
Smith 12
Ballay 11
Olivier 5
Collins Jr. 2
Anderson 1

Forums

[edit]
Forums among candidates for the 2024 Libertarian Party U.S. presidential nomination
Date Place Host Participants
 P  Participant.  A  Absent.  O  Out of race (exploring, suspended, or not yet entered) Ballay Hornberger Mapstead Oliver Olivier Rectenwald Smith Maat Others
February 15, 2023[118] Online Larry Sharpe O O P P[av] O O O P P[aw]
March 26, 2023[119] Unknown, Washington Libertarian Party of Washington O A A P[ax] O O O P A
April 26, 2023[53] Online Larry Sharpe O A[ay] P P O O O P P[az]
June 24, 2023[121] Lancaster, New Hampshire PorcFest O A P A O O O P A
October 21, 2023[122] Jacksonville, Florida Libertarian Party of Duval County A A P P O P P P A
December 10, 2023[123] Unknown, New Jersey Libertarian Party of New Jersey A P A A O P A P A

Primary election polling

[edit]

State polling

[edit]
Poll source Sample size Date(s) Hornberger Mapstead Oliver Rectenwald ter Maat Others
Iowa State Fair Presidential Straw Poll[124] 143 August 21, 2023 4% 2% 19% 2% 74%[125]
Suffolk University Massachusetts Poll[126] 10 February 2, 2024 – February 5, 2024 10% 0% 10% 0% 0% 70%[127]

Campaign finance

[edit]

According to campaign finance laws, an individual must begin filing reports once they raise or spend more than $5,000. This fundraising table includes money raised and spent as of June 30, 2023. As Smith had not officially announced his campaign as of that date, he has not reported any fundraising. Fundraising reports for the third quarter must be filed by October 15, 2023.[128]

Overview of campaign financing for candidates in the 2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries through June 30, 2023
Candidate Total raised Total raised
since last quarter
Individual contributions Debt Spent Spent since
last quarter
COH
Total Unitemized Pct
Hornberger[129] $30,386 $12,870 $30,361 $1,611 5.3% $0 $13,338 $3,807 $17,048
Mapstead[130] $158,414 $151,193 $2,300 $1,800 78.3% $150,000 $94,497 $56,871 $101,543
Oliver[131] $24,164 $5,432 22.5% $0 $24,058 $106
Smith, Joshua $0 $0 $0 $0 0.0% $0 $0 $0 $0
ter Maat[132] $126,805 $6,961 $1,937 27.8% $0 $96,820 $29,985
Exotic[133][ba] $10,294 100.0% $0 $8,530 $1,764

Schedule

[edit]
Caucuses and primaries in the 2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries
Date Primaries/caucuses Ref
January 13 Arizona convention [4]
January 15 Iowa caucus [134]
February 3 Alabama convention [91]
February 24 Mississippi convention [7]
February 27 Minnesota caucus [135]
March 2 Indiana convention [9]
Pennsylvania convention [136]
March 5 California primary [137]
Oklahoma primary [138]
Massachusetts primary [139]
North Carolina primary [140]
April 2 Connecticut straw poll [16]
May 5 Maine convention [17]
May 14 Nebraska primary [141]
May 24–26 Convention
June 4 New Mexico primary [142]

Ballot access

[edit]

The following is a table of which candidates have received ballot access in which states. Yes indicates that the candidate was on the ballot for the primary contest, Dropped indicates that the candidate was a recognized write-in candidate, and No indicates that the candidate did not appear on the ballot in that state's contest. Maybe indicates that a candidate withdrew before the election but was still listed on the ballot. States not appearing in the table did not hold Libertarian presidential primaries.

Ballot access in the 2024 Libertarian presidential preference contests
State Date Ballay Hornberger Mapstead Oliver Olivier Rectenwald Smith ter Maat Other NOTA Ref
AZ Jan 13 No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes [143]
IA
(caucus)
Jan 15 Ballot access not required
AL Feb 3 Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes[bb] No [91]
MS Feb 24 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes[bc] Yes [7]
MN Feb 27 All FEC filed candidates qualified [135]
IN Mar 2 No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes
PA Yes Yes Write-in Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes[bd] No [136]
MA Mar 5 No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes [144]
NC Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes[be] Yes [145]
CA Yes No No Write-in No No No No No No [146][147]
OK No Yes No Yes No No No No No No [148]
CT April 2 Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes[bf] Yes [16]
ME May 5 Write-in Yes Yes Yes Write-in Write-in Yes Yes Write-in[bg] No [149]
NE May 14 Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No No [150]
NM Jun 4 No No Yes No No No No No No Yes [151]


See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Popular vote totals are incomplete as some contests do not report raw vote totals.
  2. ^ Includes 'No Preference' in North Carolina
  3. ^ The primaries were non-binding. Despite not receiving a plurality of the popular vote, Oliver was able to secure a majority of delegate votes at the convention, and thus the nomination.
  4. ^ a b Popular Vote Unavailable
  5. ^ Not included in popular vote total
  6. ^ 4 votes for Vivek Ramaswamy (Not a candidate), 2 votes for Robert Sansone, 2 votes for Mario Perales, 1 vote for Art Olivier
  7. ^ Joseph Collins Jr.
  8. ^ 1 vote for David Reed DeSilva III
  9. ^ As a write-in candidate
  10. ^ 4 votes for Art Olivier, 1 vote for Joseph Collins Jr., 2 write-in votes for Toad Anderson, 1 write-in vote for Dave Smith (not a candidate), and 1 write-in vote for Rowan Atkinson (not a candidate)
  11. ^ 464 votes (9.1%) for David (TrimeTaveler) Dunlap, 320 votes (6.3%) for Beau Lindsey, 162 votes (3.2%) for John "Toad" Anderson
  12. ^ Listed as No Preference
  13. ^ As a write-in candidate[13]
  14. ^ Scattered write-ins
  15. ^ For Joseph Collins Jr.
  16. ^ for Dave Smith (not a candidate)
  17. ^ 5.3%; 2,161 votes for Scattered write-ins
    1.1%; 464 votes for David "Trime Taveler" Dunlap
    0.8%; 320 votes for Beau Lindsey
    0.4%; 164 votes for John "Toad" Anderson
    nil%; 5 votes for Art Olivier
    nil%; 5 votes for Joseph Collins Jr.
    nil%; 4 votes for Vivek Ramaswamy (ran as a Republican)
    nil%; 2 votes for Robert Sansone
    nil%; 2 votes for Mario Perales
    nil%; 2 votes for Dave Smith (not a candidate)
    nil%; 1 vote for David Reed DeSilva III
    nil%; 1 vote for Rowan Atkinson (not a candidate)
  18. ^ While the Presidential and Vice-Presidential nominations occur separately, Presidential candidates often make known their preferred Vice Presidential nominees should they receive the nomination
  19. ^ Originally was announced as Kristin Alexander[23]
  20. ^ Participated in a virtual interview prior to the debate
  21. ^ Participated in a virtual interview prior to the debate
  22. ^ To qualify candidates needed to have raised $10,000 and to have campaigned in ten states[85]
  23. ^ Participated virtually
  24. ^ Was announced as a participant but did not attend
  25. ^ Was announced as a participant but did not attend
  26. ^ Was announced as a participant but did not attend
  27. ^ Joshua "Toad" Anderson
  28. ^ Joseph Collins Jr.
  29. ^ Only candidates on the ballot in Oklahoma were invited.[93]
  30. ^ David 'TrimeTaveler' Dunlap was announced as a participate but did not attend
  31. ^ Night One: Robert F. Kennedy Jr. (running as independent)
    Night Two: Cornel West (running as independent)
    Jill Stein (running for Green Party nomination) was announced as a night one participant but did not attend
  32. ^ Joseph Collins Jr. was announced as a participant but did not attend
  33. ^ Was announced as a participant but did not attend
  34. ^ Joshua Rodriguez was announced as a participant but did not attend
  35. ^ Was announced as a participant but did not attend
  36. ^ Joseph Collins Jr.
    Jill Stein (running for Green Party nomination) was announced as a participant but did not attend
  37. ^ Was announced as a participant but did not attend
  38. ^ Joseph Collins Jr. and Brett Dillon (running as an Independent) were announced as participants but did not attend
  39. ^ The four campaigns whose supporters raised the most money in the state's 'Vote with your dollars' campaign qualified for the debate
  40. ^ Participated virtually
  41. ^ Participated virtually
  42. ^ Participated virtually
  43. ^ Joseph Collins Jr. was announced as a participant but did not attend
  44. ^ Was announced as a participant but did not attend
  45. ^ Was announced as a participant but did not attend
  46. ^ The five campaigns whose supporters raised the most money in the party's straw poll fundraiser qualified for the debate. The convention then voted on May 24 to add ter Maat, who finished in sixth.
  47. ^ The five campaigns whose supporters raised the most money in the party's straw poll fundraiser qualified for the debate. The convention then voted on May 24 to add ter Maat, who finished in sixth.
  48. ^ Oliver was not officially in the race
  49. ^ Joshua Rodriguez
  50. ^ Oliver was not officially in the race
  51. ^ Invited but did not attend[120]
  52. ^ Joshua Rodriguez
  53. ^ Note that this table also includes fundraising data from Exotic's campaign as a Democratic presidential candidate.
  54. ^ Joseph Collins Jr.
  55. ^ Joseph Collins Jr.
  56. ^ Joseph Collins Jr
    All write-ins counted
  57. ^ Toad Anderson, David "TrimeTaveler" Dunlap, Beau Lindsey
  58. ^ Joseph Collins Jr.
  59. ^ All write-ins counted

References

[edit]
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