List of active rebel groups
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This is a list of active rebel factions around the world whose domains may be subnational, transnational or international. A "rebel group" is defined here as a political group that uses armed conflict in opposition to established government or governments for reasons such as to seek political change or to establish or maintain or to gain independence.
Groups that control territory
The following rebel groups control a certain amount of land or territory. Such control may be contested and might be temporary or fluctuating especially within situations of conflict.
It does not include the governments of stable breakaway states or other states with limited recognition.
Within state | Rebel group | Conflict | Control since |
Territory controlled | Notes | Headquarters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Multinational:![]() ![]() ![]() |
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Mali War Somali Civil War Yemeni Civil War |
2006 | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Tinzaouaten (Mali)[4] Jilib (Somalia)[5] | |
Multinational:![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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War in Afghanistan Sinai insurgency Insurgency in Cabo Delgado Boko Haram insurgency Syrian Desert campaign Somali Civil War Yemeni Civil War |
2013 | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Designated a terrorist organization by the United Nations[13] | Unknown |
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War in Afghanistan | 1996 | ![]() |
Taliban controlled territory is also shared with Uzbek Islamists. | Quetta[17] |
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Anglophone Crisis | 2019 | Several villages in Lebialem department of Southwest Province in Cameroon.[18] | Ambazonia declared independence on 1 October 2017, the Red Dragon militia controlling parts of Lebialem is nominally loyal to the Interim Government of Ambazonia. | Unknown |
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Central African Republic Civil War | 2012 | Northern and eastern parts of CAR. See detailed map | Various groups | Depending on group |
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2015 | Northern CAR | Kaga-Bandoro [19] | |||
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Mai-Mai | Kivu conflict | 2015 | Parts of north-eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo[20] | Various groups | Depending on group |
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Big parts of North Kivu province[21] | Pinga | ||||
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Mali War | 2012 | Parts of northern Mali[22] | Kidal[23] | |
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Chiapas conflict | 1994 | Parts of northern Chiapas.[24] | Established various de facto autonomous socialist regions. | Oventik[25] |
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Kachin conflict | 2011 | Parts of Kachin State in northern Myanmar.[26] | Military wing of Kachin Independence Organisation | Laiza |
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Internal conflict in Myanmar | 1989 | Northeastern Myanmar; Wa Self-Administered Division.[27] | Military wing of the United Wa State Party | Pangkham[28] | |
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South Sudanese Civil War | 2013 | Territories west of Bentiu, Unity.[29] | Ceasefire since 22 February 2020 | Juba[30] |
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Sudan–SRF conflict | 2011 | Parts of South Kordofan state and Blue Nile state.[31] | Kauda[32] | |
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File:Flag of Hayat Tahrir al-Sham.svg Hayat Tahrir al-Sham | Syrian Civil War | 2017 | Large portion of Idlib Governorate in North West Syria[disambiguation needed].[33] | Faction within the Syrian Civil War that is in opposition to the Syrian government. | Idlib[33] |
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2016 | Small pocket in the Syrian Desert adjacent to the Jordanian border and the Iraqi border.[34][35] | Faction within the Syrian Civil War that is in opposition to the Syrian government and in alignment with the United States. | Al-Tanf[35] | ||
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2011 | Territories in the north and east of Syria, mostly north of the Euphrates River. | Faction within the Syrian Civil War that is allied to the Syrian government and opposed by Turkey. | Qamishli | ||
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2017 | Border areas of Northern Syria.[36] | Faction within the Syrian Civil War that is in opposition to the Syrian government and in alignment with Turkey. | Azaz[37] | ||
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War in Donbass | 2014 | Parts of the Donetsk region in Eastern Ukraine.[38] | Declared independence on 7 April 2014. Recognition of this group as an independent state has been granted by the partially-recognised state of South Ossetia.[39] | Donetsk |
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Parts of the Luhansk region in Eastern Ukraine.[38] | Declared independence on 12 May 2014. Recognition of this group as an independent state has been granted by the partially-recognised state of South Ossetia.[40] | Luhansk | |||
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Yemeni Civil War | 2017 | ![]() |
Aden | |
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2004 | ![]() |
The Houthi movement controls the capital of Yemen,[44] but is not recognized by the international community. | Sa'dah |
Rebel groups by state
Rebel groups are listed by the states within which they operate.
International
Allied Democratic Forces (ADF)[45]
Al-Qaeda[46]
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
- Abu Sayyaf (ASG)
- Army of the Islamic State
- Boko Haram
- Free Sunnis of Baalbek Brigade
- Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan
- Islamic State in Somalia
- Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Algeria Province
- Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Caucasus Province
- Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Khorasan Province
- Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Libya Province
- Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Sinai Province
- Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Yemen Province
- Janood-ul-Khalifa-e-Hind
- Mujahidin Indonesia Timur (MIT)
- Mujahideen Shura Council in the Environs of Jerusalem
- Sons of the Call for Tawhid and Jihad
- City of Monotheism and Monotheists (MTM)
- Maute Group
- Ansar Khalifah Philippines
Jama'at al-Jihad al-Islami (Islamist)
- Jemaah Islamiyah (Islamist)
Kurdistan Workers' Party
Lord's Resistance Army
Taliban
Afghanistan
Fidai Mahaz (2013–present) (Islamist)
Algeria
Al-Qaeda (Salafi jihadist)
Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (also operates Morocco, Mauritania, Niger and Mali (sometimes "Al Qaeda in the Sahel")[49][50]
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (Salafi jihadist)
Angola
Argentina
Burkina Faso
Cameroon
Central African Republic
ex-Séléka
- Anti-balaka
Lord's Resistance Army
- Return, Reclamation, Rehabilitation
- Revolution and Justice
Chile
China
East Turkestan Islamic Movement
Colombia
- The Black Eagles (right-wing paramilitary)
- Autodefensas Gaitanistas de Colombia (Paramilitarism)
- Indigenous Revolutionary Armed Forces of the Pacific (Indigenous rights)
National Liberation Army[51] (ELN) (Marxist)
Popular Liberation Army (EPL) (Hoxhaist)
Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia[52] (FARC) (Marxist)
FARC dissidents (various fronts)
Democratic Republic of the Congo
- M27
- Mai-Mai
- National Forces of Liberation
- RUD-Urunana
- Nyatura
FDLR
- Mai Mai Sheka
- Mai Mai Yakutumba
- Raia Mutomboki
- FNI
- FRPI
- FPJC
- Mai-Mai Simba
- UPC
- Forces for Renewal
- Mai Mai Yakutumba
Mai Mai Kata Katanga
Mai Mai Gédéon
CORAK
CPK
ADF
Lord's Resistance Army
- Kamwina Nsapu militia
- Bundu dia Kongo (BDK) (Kongo nationalism)
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
- National Coalition of the People for the Sovereignty of Congo
Egypt
- Al Furqan Brigades
Al-Qaeda
- Ansar al-Sharia
- Egyptian Islamic Jihad
- The Hasm Movement
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
- Soldiers of Egypt
Eritrea
- Democratic Front for Eritrean Unity
Democratic Movement for the Liberation of the Eritrean Kunama
Red Sea Afar Democratic Organisation
SPDM
Ethiopia
Afar Revolutionary Democratic Unity Front
- Ethiopian People's Patriotic Front
Islamic Front for the Liberation of Oromia
Ogaden National Liberation Front
Oromo Liberation Front
Sidama Liberation Front
France
- Comité Régional d'Action Viticole (Winemaker)
- National Liberation Front of Corsica (Corsican nationalism)
Greece
- Black Star (leftist/anarchist)
- Conspiracy of Fire Nuclei (leftist/anarchist)
- Popular Fighters Group (leftist/anarchist)
- Revolutionary Struggle (leftist/anarchist)
- Sect of Revolutionaries (leftist/anarchist)
India
Communist Party of India (Maoist)[54] (Communist)
- Hizbul Mujahideen[55][56] (Separatist)
- International Sikh Youth Federation[57]
Jaish-e-Mohammed[58] (Islamist)
- Indian Mujahideen
- Khalistan Commando Force[59]
- Khalistan Zindabad Force[51]
Lashkar-e-Taiba[60] (also in Pakistan) (Islamist)
Maoist Communist Party of Manipur
National Socialist Council of Nagaland – Isaac-Muivah
- Students Islamic Movement of India[61] (Islamist)
- United Jihad Council (separatist)
United Liberation Front of Assam[62] (separatist)
Indonesia
- Jemaah Islamiyah[63] (also known to operate in other parts of South East Asia such as Singapore and the Philippines) (JI) (Islamist)
Free Aceh Movement (separatist)
South Moluccas (separatist)
Free Papua Movement (separatist)
Mujahidin Indonesia Timur (MIT) (Islamist)
- Jamaah Ansharut Tauhid (JAT) (Islamist)
- Jamaah Ansharusy Syariah (JAS) (Islamist)
- Jamaah Ansharut Daulah (JAD) (Islamist)
Iran
Arab Struggle Movement for the Liberation of Ahwaz (Arab nationalist)
- Communist Party of Iran (Marxist–Leninist–Maoist)
Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan (Democratic socialist/Kurdish nationalist)
Jaish ul-Adl (Salafi jihadist)
- Jundullah (Salafi jihadist)
Komala Party of Iranian Kurdistan (Kurdish nationalism/Revolutionary socialism)
Kurdistan Free Life Party (Democratic Confederalism/Kurdish nationalism)
Kurdistan Freedom Party (Kurdish nationalism)
People's Mujahedin of Iran (Islamic Marxism)
Iraq
Group | Strength |
---|---|
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80,000–100,000[64] |
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100,000 |
Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order | 5,000 |
File:IAILogo.png Islamic Army of Iraq | 10,000 |
General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries |
Ireland
- Continuity Irish Republican Army: 1994–present (separatist/Irish nationalist)
- Real IRA: 1997–present (separatist/Irish nationalist)
Italy
Lebanon
Libya
Mali
Mexico
Mozambique
Myanmar (Burma)
Main source: Myanmar Peace Monitor.
All Burma Students' Democratic Front (ABSDF)
DKBA-5[68]
Shan State Army – North (SSA-N)
Shan State Army – South (SSA-S)[69]
United Wa State Army (UWSA)
- United Nationalities Federal Council (UNFC)[70]
Kachin Independence Organization (KIO/KIA)[71] (Ethnic/Self determination)
- Arakan Army (AA)
- New Mon State Party (NMSP)
Shan State Army-North (SSA-N) (SSPP /SSA)
Karen National Union (KNU)[72] (ethnic/Democratic)
Karenni National Progressive Party (KNPP)
Chin National Front (CNF)
- Lahu Democratic Union (LDU)
- Arakan National Council (ANC), Arakan Liberation Army (ALA)
Pa-O National Liberation Organisation (PNLO)
- Palaung State Liberation Front (PSLF)
- Wa National Organisation (WNO)
Nigeria
Group | Strength |
---|---|
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15,000 |
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|
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15,000 |
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|
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2,500 |
Niger Delta Avengers[73] | 1,800 |
Biafra Avengers[74] | 200 |
Red Egbesu Water Lions[75] | 500 |
Asawana Deadly Force of Niger Delta (ADFND)[76] | 350 |
Adaka Biafra Marine Commandos[77] | 100 |
Utorogun Liberation Movement (ULM)[78] | 57 |
Joint Niger Delta Liberation Force[79] | 150 |
Fulani herdsmen[80] | 24000 |
Joint Revolutionary Council of the Joint Niger Delta Liberation Force (JNDLF)[81] | 2000 |
Red Scorpion | 150[82] |
Ultimate Warriors of Niger Delta[83] | 85 |
Niger Delta Red Squad[84] | 400 |
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4,000 |
Pakistan
Baloch Republican Army[85] (Baloch nationalism)
Balochistan Liberation Army (Baloch nationalism)
Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan[86] (Deobandi/Wahabi Islam)
Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi[87] (Deobandi Islam)
- Jamaat-ul-Ahrar
- Fedayeen al-Islam[88] (Deobandi Islam)
- Jundallah (Pakistan)
- Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan[89] (also operated in Kyrgyzstan) (Deobandi/Wahabi Islam)
- Lashkar-e-Islam[90] (Deobandi Islam)
Lashkar-e-Jhangvi (Deobandi/Wahabi) Sectarian)
- Sipah-e-Sahaba (Deobandi/Wahabi Sectarian)
- Lashkar-e-Omar[91] (Deobandi/Wahabi Islam)
Palestine
Hamas
- File:Flag of the Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine.svg Palestinian Islamic Jihad
- Popular Resistance Committees
- Army of Islam (Gaza Strip)
- Fatah Revolutionary Council
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
Paraguay
Paraguayan People's Army (EPP)
Armed Peasant Association (ACA) (only remnants still active)
Army of Marshal López (Ejército del Mariscal López, EML)
Peru
Philippines
Moro National Liberation Front
Moro Islamic Liberation Front[93]
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
Rajah Sulaiman movement[95][96]
- Jemaah Islamiyah
Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters
- Ansar Khalifa Philippines
Republic of the Congo
Russia
Senegal
South Sudan
Sudan Peoples Liberation Movement-in-Opposition
South Sudan Liberation Movement
Nuer White Army
South Sudan Democratic Movement
Lord's Resistance Army[97]
Sudan
- Alliance of Revolutionary Forces of West Sudan
Beja Congress
Eastern Front
- Liberation and Justice Movement
- National Movement for Reform and Development
- National Redemption Front
- Rashaida Free Lions
Sudan Revolutionary Front
- Sudanese Awakening Revolutionary Council
Syria
![]() | This section needs to be updated.(March 2018) |
Main coalitions
Thailand
Barisan Revolusi Nasional
- Gerakan Mujahidin Islam Patani
- Islamic Liberation Front of Patani
- Jemaah Islamiyah
Patani United Liberation Organisation
- Runda Kumpulan Kecil
Tunisia
Turkey
Civil Protection Units
- Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist–Leninist (Maoist Party Centre)
Great Eastern Islamic Raiders' Front
- Islamic Party of Kurdistan
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant[99]
Kurdistan Communities Union
Kurdistan Freedom Hawks
Peoples' United Revolutionary Movement
Revolutionary People's Liberation Party/Front
Turkish Hezbollah
- Turkish Islamic Jihad
Uganda
Lord's Resistance Army (operates mainly in northern Uganda, but also in parts of Sudan and D.R. of the Congo).[100]
Allied Democratic Forces (Also active in Democratic Republic of the Congo)
Ukraine
Group | Strength |
---|---|
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10,000–20,000[101][102][103] |
United Kingdom
- Continuity Irish Republican Army: 1994–present (separatist/Irish nationalist)
- Real Irish Republican Army: 1997–present (separatist/Irish nationalist)
- Orange Volunteers: 1998–present (Ulster loyalist/sectarian)
- Real Ulster Freedom Fighters: 2007–present (Ulster loyalist/sectarian)
- Red Hand Defenders: 1998–present (Ulster loyalist/sectarian)
- Irish Republican Liberation Army 2008–present (separatist/Irish nationalist)
Uzbekistan
Yemen
Al-Qaeda Emirate in Yemen
- Wilayat Sanaa
- Wilayat Aden-Abyan
- Wilayah Lahij
- Wilayah Green Brigade
- Wilayah al-Bayda
- Wilayah Shabwah
- Wilayah Ataq
- Wilayah Hadramawt
See also
- List of guerrilla movements
- List of designated terrorist organizations
- List of ongoing military conflicts
- Lists of active separatist movements
- List of active communist armed groups
- Violent non-state actor
- Compare to Sovereign state
References
- ^ "Speaking with the "Bad Guys": Toward Dialogue with Central Mali's Jihadists" (PDF). 28 May 2019.
While the Malian army controls towns and their immediate vicinity, the jihadists rule the countryside, erecting checkpoints on rural roads and patrolling rivers
- ^ Evan Centanni (31 May 2013). "War in Somalia: Map of Al Shabaab Control (June 2013)". Political Geography Now. Retrieved 18 August 2014.
- ^ Al-Haj, Ahmed (22 August 2015). "Yemen Officials Say Al-Qaida Seizes Key Areas of Aden". ABC News. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 22 August 2015. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
- ^ Pellerin, Mathieu (November 2019). "Armed violence in the Sahara" (PDF).
- ^ "Somalia: Al-Shabaab Leaders Split Over Funds Control". AllAfrica. 27 March 2020.
- ^ "Egypt: Islamic State militants 'occupy' Sinai villages in wake of foiled attack". 29 July 2020.
- ^ "Insurgentes capturam porto de Mocímboa da Praia e Estado Islâmico divulga imagens". VOA. 12 August 2020.
- ^ "Economics of terrorism in Lake Chad Basin". 10 July 2019.
- ^ "Several killed in fight between Boko Haram, ISWAP members". 20 January 2020.
- ^ Syria-Irak-Yemen-Libya maps
- ^ "Letter dated 1 November 2019 from the Chair of the Security Council Committee pursuant to resolution 751 (1992) concerning Somalia addressed to the President of the Security Council" (PDF). 1 November 2019. p. 84.
ISIL-controlled town of Shebaab
- ^ "Geolocating Islamic State in Yemen (ISIS-Y) Sites in Hamat Baqr, Al-Zaharah Valley, Al-Qurayshiyah District, Al-Bayda Governorate". 18 February 2020.
- ^ "Security Council Al-Qaida Sanctions Committee Amends Entry". United Nations. 30 May 2013. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
- ^ "Quarterly report" (PDF). www.sigar.mil. 2017.
- ^ Harooni, Mirwais. "Afghan forces try to push back Taliban from Kunduz city".
- ^ "Zarb-e-Azb: 90% area recovered, 1198 terrorists killed". dunyanews.tv. 14 November 2014. Archived from the original on 15 November 2014. Retrieved 16 November 2014.
- ^ "ISIS active in south Afghanistan, officials confirm for first time". CBS. AP. 12 January 2015. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
- ^ "Cameroun/Sécurité au NoSo : l'étau se resserre autour de Field Marshall". ActuCameroun.com. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 16 May 2020.
- ^ Dembassa-Kette, Crispin (16 December 2015). "Rebel declares autonomous state in Central African Republic". Reuters. Retrieved 27 February 2016.
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ "NDC-R: Congo's Contract Militia Which "Killed" FDLR's Gen Sylvestre Mudacumura". 15 May 2020.
- ^ "Mali government seeks to assert control over restive north, to send troops to Kidal". 7 February 2020.
- ^ "A Tuareg soldier guards the Azawad Movement's headquarters in Kidal, northern Mali". Yahoo News. 5 June 2015.
- ^ Tucker, Duncan (1 January 2014). "Are Mexico's Zapatista rebels still relevant?". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 18 August 2014.
Today the rebellion remains a work in progress. Having established complete political and economic autonomy, the Zapatistas govern and police their own communities across five regions of Chiapas.
- ^ "Caracoles y Juntas de Buen Gobierno". Archived from the original on 28 July 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2018.
- ^ "Burma attack breaks Kachin truce near China border". BBC. 20 January 2013. Retrieved 18 August 2014.
The rebels are seeking greater autonomy within Burma for ethnic Kachins who have had de facto control over a part of northern Burma for more than 50 years.
- ^ Gerdes, Luke (8 February 2009). "Constructing Terror: How Issues of Construct Validity Undermine the Utility of Terror Databases and Statistical Analyses of Terrorism". All Academic Research. Retrieved 18 August 2014.
The best such example comes from the United Wa State Army (UWSA), an armed ethnic organization that has established de facto control over a portion of Northeastern Burma.
- ^ Moe, Wai (17 April 2009). "UWSA Leader Calls for 'Solid, United' Wa State". irrawaddy.org. Archived from the original on 27 April 2009. Retrieved 8 November 2010.
- ^ "South Sudan rebels accuse monitors of spying". Sudan Tribune. 25 August 2014. Retrieved 3 September 2014.
- ^ "SPLM-IO to relocate headquarters to Juba". 12 September 2019.
- ^ "Sudan Revolutionary Front (SRF)" (PDF). Human Security Baseline Assessment (HSBA) for Sudan and South Sudan. 4 June 2013. Retrieved 1 December 2014.
Corresponding to the SPLM-N's dominant role, the SRF's locus of control resides in its bastion in Kaoda, and the Nuba Mountains, South Kordofan. Military activity is most prevalent in South Kordofan but extends to Blue Nile and into South Sudan's border states.
- ^ Sudan’s PM visits rebel stronghold on peace mission
- ^ a b Ali, Zulfiqar (18 February 2020). "Syria: Who's in control of Idlib?". BBC.co.uk/News. BBC News. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
- ^ Seligman, Lara (2 July 2019). "Fears Rise of an ISIS Comeback". ForeignPolicy.com. Graham Holdings. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
- ^ a b Snow, Shawn (16 February 2020). "Iran-backed group launches attack near small garrison in Syria housing American special operators". MilitaryTimes.com. Sightline Media Group. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
- ^ Tsurkov, Elizabeth (27 November 2019). "Who Are Turkey's Proxy Fighters in Syria?". NYBooks.com. The New York Review of Books. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
- ^ Lister, Charles (31 October 2017). "Turkey's Idlib incursion and the HTS question: Understanding the long game in Syria". WarOnTheRocks.com. War on the Rocks. Retrieved 3 November 2017.
- ^ a b Smith, Geoffrey (23 May 2014). "Putin coy over accepting Ukraine vote result". Fortune. Retrieved 18 August 2014.
The separatists who have taken de facto control of the Donetsk and Luhansk regions have already proclaimed their independence and said they won't allow the vote to take place.
- ^ "South Ossetia recognizes independence of Donetsk People's Republic". TASS.
- ^ "South Ossetia Recognizes 'Luhansk People's Republic'". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty.
- ^ The New Arab. "GCC: Aden-based Southern Transitional Council 'doomed to fail'". alaraby.co.uk. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
- ^ The New Arab. "Banished Aden governor forms independent "South Yemen" council". alaraby.co.uk. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
- ^ Saudi Research & Marketing (uk) Ltd. "Thirty Southern Figures Reject Transitional Council in Aden – ASHARQ AL-AWSAT English". english.aawsat.com. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
- ^ Al-Haj, Ahmed (2 June 2015). "Houthi Rebels Take Over Yemen's Government". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 6 February 2015. Retrieved 7 February 2015.
- ^ "They killed people until they got tired". Vice News. 7 September 2018. Retrieved 28 November 2018.
- ^ Wright 2006, pp. 107–108, 185, 270–271
- ^ Synovitz, Ron (19 July 2007). "Afghanistan: Skeptics Urge Caution Over Purported Hekmatyar Cease-Fire". rferl.org. Archived from the original on 14 August 2007.
- ^ "Les zones d'influence talibanes en Afghanistan" [Taliban zones of influence in Afghanistan] (in French). Le Monde.fr. 3 May 2007. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
- ^ Watson, Rob (11 April 2007). "Algeria blasts fuel violence fears". BBC News. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
- ^ Filiu, Jean-Pierre (Spring 2009). "Local and global jihad: Al-Qa'ida in the Islamic Maghrib". Middle East Journal. 63 (2). Middle East Institute: 213–226. doi:10.3751/63.2.12.
- ^ a b "Council Decision of 21 December 2005: implementing Article 2(3) of Regulation (EC) No 2580/2001 on specific restrictive measures directed against certain persons and entities with a view to combating terrorism and repealing Decision 2005/848/EC" (PDF). Official Journal of the European Union. 23 December 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 December 2009. Retrieved 6 July 2008.
- ^ "Secretaría de Prensa Comunicados: Comunicados Enero 2008" [Secretariat Press Releases: Press Release January 2008]. Government of Colombia (Press release) (in Spanish). January 2008. Archived from the original on 8 January 2009.
[Trans] All violent groups in Colombia are terrorists.
- ^ Kingsley, Patrick. "Egypt faces new threat in al-Qaeda linked group Ansar Beyt al-Maqdis". The Guardian. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
- ^ "Troops die in India Maoist attack". bbc.co.uk. 13 April 2009. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
- ^ "Combating terrorism – Restrictive measures against certain persons and entities" (PDF). Council of the European Union (Press release). 30 November 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 March 2009. Retrieved 25 May 2009.
- ^ "EU adds Hizbul Mujahideen to terror list". Rediff India Abroad. 1 December 2005. Retrieved 27 March 2016.
- ^ "International Sikh Youth Federation (ISYF)". South Asia Terrorism Portal. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
- ^ "Jaish-e-Mohammad: A profile". BBC News. 6 February 2002. Retrieved 8 May 2010.
- ^ "U.S. Court Convicts Khalid Awan for Supporting Khalistan Commando Force". Embassy of the United States, New Delhi (Press release). 20 December 2006. Archived from the original on 11 December 2008.
- ^ Kurth Cronin, Audrey; Huda Aden; Adam Frost; Benjamin Jones (6 February 2004). "CRS Report for Congress: Foreign Terrorist Organizations" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
{{cite journal}}
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(help) - ^ "Students Islamist Movement of India (SIMI)". South Asia Terrorism Portal. Retrieved 23 October 2014.
- ^ "United Liberation Front of Asom (ULFA)". South Asia Terrorism Portal. Retrieved 23 October 2014.
- ^ Pavlova, Elena (14 November 2006). "From Counter-Society to Counter-State: Jemaah Islamiyah According to Pupji" (PDF). Nanyang Technological University, Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies. p. 11. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 March 2009.
- ^ a b "Islamic State 'has 50,000 fighters in Syria'". al-Jazeera. 20 August 2014. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
- ^ "mages and exclusive testimony of northern Mali: a colonel MNLA reveals its military arsenal". France 24. Archived from the original on 24 June 2012. Retrieved 29 April 2014.
- ^ Tobar, Hector (20 September 2007). "A small guerrilla band is waging war in Mexico". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 25 July 2009. Retrieved 8 May 2010.
- ^ O'Neil, Patrick H.; Karl Fields; Don Share (2006), Cases in Comparative Politics (2nd ed.), New York: Norton, pp. 376–378, ISBN 0-393-92943-4
- ^ Naing, Saw Yan (23 February 2011). "Ethnic Armed Groups to Negotiate Jointly". irrawaddy.org. Archived from the original on 2 March 2011. Retrieved 8 November 2010.
- ^ Htwe, Ko (24 February 2011). "Three Burmese Soldiers Killed in Southern Shan State". irrawaddy.org. Archived from the original on 2 March 2011.
- ^ Administrator. "UNFC".
- ^ Kachin Independence Army.
- ^ "KNU History". karennationalunion.net. Archived from the original on 13 September 2017. Retrieved 27 March 2016.
- ^ "Who are the Niger Delta Avengers? - Vanguard News". 15 May 2016. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
- ^ "BIAFRA AVENGERS: BEWARE OF CARROTS ON SCORPION INFESTED STICKS". www.thebiafraherald.co. The Biafra Herald. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
- ^ "Militants shift attack to Bayelsa, bomb Agip gas pipeline; demand release of Kanu, Dasuki". Retrieved 27 June 2016.
- ^ "New militant group Asawana Deadly Force of Niger Delta demands sovereign state". Retrieved 27 June 2016.
- ^ "Oriental Times: BREAKING: New Deadly Group, 'Adaka Biafra Marine Commando' Blow Up Shell Trunk Line In Rivers". www.otimestv.com. Archived from the original on 23 June 2016. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
- ^ "New militant group threatens to blow up Utorogun gas plant – Vanguard News". 16 June 2016. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
- ^ "Joint Niger Delta Liberation Force: Why are new militant groups emerging in Nigeria?". 3 June 2016. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
- ^ "Fulani Herdsmen (Nigeria) | Terrorist Groups | TRAC". www.trackingterrorism.org. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
- ^ Daniel, Author Ikem (11 June 2016). "JOINT NIGER DELTA LIBERATION FORCE (JNDLF):"Why We Ceased-fire on Our Earlier Missiles Launch"". Ikem Daniel Blog !!. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
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