Castalia
 Water Ritual at Delphi | |
| Grouping | Legendary creature |
|---|---|
| Sub grouping | Water spirit |
| Country | Greece |
| Region | Delphi |
| Greek deities series |
|---|
| Nymphs |
Castalia /kəˈsteɪliə/ (Ancient Greek: Κασταλία, romanized: Kastalia), in ancient Greek and Roman literature,[1] was the name of a spring near Delphi, sacred to the Muses; it is also known as the Castalian Spring. It is said to have derived its name from Castalia, a naiad-nymph, daughter of the river-god Achelous[2], who is said to have flung herself into the spring when pursued by the god Apollo.[3]
Mythology
[edit]In older traditions, the Castalian Spring already existed by the time Apollo came to Delphi searching for Python.[4] According to some, the water was a gift to Castalia from the river Cephisus.
In his commentary on Statius's Thebaid, Latin poet Lactantius Placidus says that to escape Apollo's amorous advances, Castalia transformed herself into a fountain at Delphi, at the base of Mount Parnassus, or at Mount Helicon.[5][6] Castalia then became the sacred fountain of Poseidon.[7] She inspired the genius of poetry to those who drank her waters or listened to their quiet sound; the sacred water was also used to clean the Delphian temples. Apollo consecrated Castalia to the Muses (Castaliae Musae).
The 20th-century German writer Hermann Hesse used Castalia as inspiration for the name of the futuristic fictional utopia in his 1943 magnum opus The Glass Bead Game. Castalia is home to an austere order of intellectuals with a twofold mission: to run boarding schools for boys, and to nurture and play the Glass Bead Game.
See also
[edit]- Castalian Spring
- Castalia House
- 4769 Castalia, an Earth-crossing asteroid
- 646 Kastalia, an asteroid
References
[edit]- ^ The spring is mentioned in Herodotus, 8.39; Pindar, Pyth. 1.39; Virgil, Georgics 3.293; Horace, Odes 3.4.61; Statius, Thebaid 1.698 and elsewhere: see Liddell, Scott, Jones Greek Lexicon s.v. Κασταλία; Lewis and Short, Latin Dictionary, s.v. Castalia.
- ^ "Pausanias, Description of Greece, Phocis and Ozolian Locri, chapter 8". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Retrieved 2024-12-11.
- ^ Smith, W. (1858). Classical Dictionary, s.v. Castalia.
- ^ Homer, Hymn to Apollo
- ^ "Castalia". Encyclopædia Britannica.
- ^ Lactantius Placidus (1898). Lactantii Placidi qvi dicitvr Commentarios in Statii Thebaida it Commentarivm in Achilleida recensvit Ricardvs Jahnke [Lactantius Placidus, On Statius's Thebaid] (in Latin). Translated by Jahnke, Richard. Lipsiae : in aedibvs B. G. Tevbneri. 1.698 (p 71). LCCN 06008769. OL 21778486M.
- ^ Hamilton 1978, p. 25.
Bibliography
[edit]- Hamilton, Edith (1978). La Mythologie – ses dieux, ses héros, ses légendes (in French). Translated by Abeth de Beughem. Marabout Editions. ISBN 978-2-501-00264-6.
External links
[edit]
Media related to Castalia (naiad) at Wikimedia Commons- CASTALIA from The Theoi Project
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