Jump to content

Unification Movement International

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Borovv (talk | contribs) at 00:55, 12 October 2012 (→‎International expansion: irrelevant to the subject). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Template:Infobox Unification Church The Holy Spirit Association for the Unification of World Christianity is a new religious movement founded in South Korea in 1954 by the late Sun Myung Moon. It is more commonly known as the Unification Church or the 'Moonies' (this latter name is unofficial and usually considered derogatory). Since its inception, the church has expanded to most nations of the world, with an uncertain number of members.[1][2][3][4][5]

Unification Church beliefs are based on the Bible and are explained in the church's textbook, Divine Principle. The Blessing ceremony of the Unification Church, a wedding or marriage rededication ceremony, is a church practice which has attracted wide public attention. The Unification Church has engaged in interfaith activities with other religions, including mainstream Christianity and Islam, despite theological differences.

The Unification Church has sponsored many organizations and projects over the years; including businesses, news media, projects in education and the arts, and political and social activism. It has a large 'megachurch' in Seoul, Korea [6] and Peace Island in Liberia, which is the site of the New Hope Academy.[7] The church was led by Moon until his death on September 3, 2012, at which time, it was reported that his wife Hak Ja Han and their sons Hyung Jin Moon and Kook Jin Moon would assume the leadership of the church.

History

Origins in Korea

Unification Movement International
Hangul
통일교회
Hanja
統一敎會
Revised RomanizationTongil Gyohoe
McCune–ReischauerT'ongil Kyohoe

Unification Church members believe that Jesus appeared to Mun Yong-myong (his birth name) when Moon was 15 on April 17, 1935, and asked him to accomplish the work left unfinished after his crucifixion. After a period of prayer and consideration, Moon accepted the mission, later changing his name to Mun Son-myong (Sun Myung Moon).[8]

The church's official teachings, the Divine Principle, was first published as Wolli Wonbon in 1946. The second, expanded version, Wolli Hesol, or Explanation of the Divine Principle, was not published until 1957. Sun Myung Moon preached in northern Korea after the end of World War II and in 1946 was imprisoned by the communist regime in North Korea. He was released from prison, along with many other North Koreans, by the advance of American and United Nations forces during the Korean War. He built his first church from mud and cardboard boxes as a refugee in Pusan.[9]

Moon formally founded the church in Seoul on May 1, 1954, calling it "The Holy Spirit(ual) Association for the Unification of World Christianity." The name alluded to Moon's stated intention for his organization to be a unifying force for all Christian denominations. The phrase "Holy Spirit Association" has the sense in the original Korean of "Heavenly Spirits" and not the "Holy Spirit" of Christianity. "Unification" has political as well as religious connotations, in keeping with the church's teaching that restoration must be complete, both spiritual and physical. The church expanded rapidly in South Korea and by the end of 1955 had 30 church centers throughout the nation.[9]

International expansion

In 1958 Moon sent missionaries to Japan, and in 1959, to America. Moon moved to the United States in 1971, (although he remained a citizen of the Republic of Korea). Missionary work took place in Washington, D.C., New York, and California. UC missionaries found success in the San Francisco Bay Area, where the church expanded in Oakland, Berkeley, and San Francisco. By 1971 the Unification Church of the United States had about 500 members. By 1973 the church had some presence in all 50 states and a few thousand members.[9]

The church also sent missionaries to Europe. The church entered Czechoslovakia in 1968 and remained underground until the 1990s.[10] In 1975, Moon sent out missionaries to 120 countries to spread the Unification Church around the world and also in part, he said, to act as "lightning rods" to receive "persecution." Unification Church activity in South America began in the 1970s with missionary work. Later the church made large investments in civic organizations and business projects, including an international newspaper.[11]

In the 1970s Moon gave a series of public speeches in the United States, including one in Madison Square Garden in New York City in 1974 and two in 1976: in Yankee Stadium in New York City, and on the grounds of the Washington Monument in Washington, D.C., where Moon spoke on "God's Hope for America" to 300,000 people. In 1975 Unification Church held one of the largest peaceful gatherings in history, with 1.2 million people in Yoido, South Korea.[12]

In 1976 the Unification Church's made its headquarters in New York in the New Yorker Hotel, a 40-story Art Deco building, as well as the one of the first skyscrapers in the world.[13]

The expansion of membership led to accusations of "brainwashing",[14] which were dismissed later.[15][16] Instead, members of Unification Church have reported of being forcefully brainwashed, or "deprogrammed", by interested parties.[17] In 1977, Unification Church won the lawsuit in USA against deprogrammers .[18] In the early 1980s recruitment practices changed and membership declined. [14] The church has been a frequent target of the anti-cult movement and the Christian countercult movement which, as a sociologist and the founder of INFORM (Information Network Focus on Religious Movements) Eileen Barker described them, "had started as gatherings of concerned relatives but developed into powerful lobbying groups that accumulated all the worrying stories about any one movement , and then generalised these into a conventional wisdom" about the activities of the Unification Church – forgetting that all these activities could be found in the traditional religions. [19][16]

In 1984 Unification Church started a book publishing company in One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza in Manhattan, whose editorial board included prominent scholars associated with some of the nation's leading universities. The company is called Paragon House and has a $5 million budget.[20]

1990s

In 1990, Unification Church founded its $8m Universal Ballet project, with Soviet-born Oleg Vinogradov as its art director and Julia Moon as its prima ballerina. At the opening ceremony, letters of congratulation from President Bush and John Frohnmayer, chairman of the National Endowment for the Arts, were read.[21]

In 1991 Moon announced that church members should return to their hometowns and undertake apostolic work there. Massimo Introvigne, who studied the Unification Church and other new religious movements, said that this confirmed that full-time membership is no longer considered crucial to church members.[9]

In 1992, Unification Church opened the New Eden Academy International on the campus of the University of Bridgeport, a boarding school for children of Unification Church members.[22]

In 1993, Unification Church members organized a seminar in the Russian Ministry of the Interior.[23]

As of December 1994, Unification Church had invested $150 million in Uruguay. Members own the country's largest hotel, one of its leading banks, the second-largest newspaper and two of the largest printing plants.[24]

Starting in the 1990s, the Unification Church expanded its operations into Russia and other formerly communist nations. Han made a radio broadcast to the nation from the Kremlin Palace of Congresses.[25] As of 1994, the church had about 5,000 members in Russia and the Russian Education Ministry was giving the Unification Church privileged access to thousands of state schools with their captive audiences of impressionable pupils.[26] About 500 Russian students had been sent to USA to participate in 40-day workshops of and by the Unification Church.[23] Starting in 1992 the church established business ties with communist North Korea and owned an automobile manufacturer (Pyeonghwa Motors), a hotel, and other properties there. In 2007 it founded a "World Peace Center" in Pyongyang, North Korea's capital city.[27]

In 1996, the Unification Church started a $10-million project called Tiempos Del Mundo, a newspaper in Spanish circulating in 16 countries of Latin America, "a newspaper for half a Hemisphere", as The New York Times called it.[28]

In 1998, Unification Movement forgave a $90 million loan to the University of Bridgeport and donated an additional $15 million.[29]

In 1998, the Unification Movement launched its operations in North Korea with the approval of the Government of South Korea, which had prohibited business relationships between North and South before;[30] and built a church there.[31]

21st century

Since 2000, Unification Church's Pyeonghwa Motors has invested more than $300 million to the automobile industry of the DPRK.[32] In 2000, "an event of historical importance" occurred, according to a live broadcast for the state-owned Korea Broadcasting System, as 78 North Korean girls and boys arrived at the Unification Church's cross-cultural "ice-breaker" event, where guests such as the minister of unification, Park Jae-Kyu, and the minister of culture, Park Jie Won were present.[33]

In 2000, Unification Church bought the news agency United Press International.[34] At the United Nations Headquarters, Indonesian President Abdurrahman Wahid addressed an event of the Unification Church in collaboration with the Permanent Mission of Indonesia to the UN.[35][36]

The church met with the President of the Marshall Islands Kessai Note and discussed plans to invest US$ 1 million for construction of a new high school.[37] The next year, he attended Moon's birthday party.[38]

In 2003, on notification by the Secretary-General of the United Nations Kofi Annan, about 500 Christians, Muslims, Jews and other international and interfaith tourists joined the Unification Church Middle East Peace Initiative "to such a degree that the Old Gates were opened by the Israeli police near the Wailing Wall, and by the Muslim leadership at Al Aqsa, without incident", as the official UN-report says.[39] The Los Angeles Galaxy, which competes in Major League Soccer, played in South Korea during Unification Church's Peace Cup.[40] That same year, Unification Church held the Interreligious Peace Sports Festival between the people of various faiths, which is, according to the UNESCO official data, "an annual sporting event designed to build and promote friendship and peace among people from different cultural and religious backgrounds using the powerful medium of sports competition". The college team of Sun Moon University, which some described as the best in South Korea won the tournament.[41][42]

In 2004, one of the Unification Church pastors gave the official invocation to one of the formal events of Las Vegas chaired by the Mayor of Las Vegas.[43]

In 2005, Chun Doo-hwan, the 12th President of the Republic of Korea, and Chung Mong-joon, the Vice-President of FIFA, attended the opening ceremony of the Unification Church-owned Peace Cup, along with Moon.[44]

In 2006, the President of Sri Lanka Mahinda Rajapaksa, 4th President of Sri Lanka Dingiri Banda Wijetunga, twice Prime Minister of Sri Lanka Ranil Wickremasinghe and the Speaker of the Parliament of Sri Lanka W. J. M. Lokubandara were guest speakers at a UC event.[45][46] In Korea, in response to a slanderous newspaper article, more than 700 members of the Unification Movement joined a rally and destroyed the office of the newspaper. Later on, the newspaper wrote a rebuttal.[47][48]

Starting in 2007, the church sponsored a series of public events in various nations under the title Global Peace Festival.[49][50][51][52] One such event was endorsed by Mwai Kibaki, the President of Kenya.[53]

In 2007, Musa Bin Jaafar Bin Hassan, at the time President of the 33rd session of the General Conference, UNESCO's supreme governing body, was granted the title Ambassador for Peace by the Unification Church at the General Conference (United Nations).[54][55] In 2012, Hassan, Boutros Boutros-Ghali (6th United Nations Secretary-General and current President of the UNESCO Panel on Democracy and Development) gave remarks at the Unification Church event in UNESCO's headquarters in France, along with Akiko Yamanaka (parliamentarian of Diet of Japan, Cambridge University professor and former Deputy-Minister for Foreign Affairs of Japan) and other 300 politicians and religious leaders.[56]

In 2007, the Unification Church completed the construction of a peace center in Pyongyang, North Korea.[57]

Since 2008, US government has provided aid in planning, development and coordination of the Global Peace Festival[58] of the Unification Church. Georgetown University students took part in it, among many.[59][60] UC held youth events in collaboration with UN-HABITAT and The Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports of Kenya.[61][62] Year later, 5 representatives of the Unification Church (Universal Peace Federation) attended an annual (international ministerial-level) session of UN-HABITAT in its headquarters.[63] In April Moon, then 88 years old, appointed his youngest son, Hyung Jin Moon, to be the leader of the church and movement, saying, "I hope everyone helps him so that he may fulfil his duty as the successor of the True Parents."[64]

In 2009 Moon visited the country with his family while his son Hyung Jin Moon was greeted by parliamentarians and gave a speech in the British Parliament.[65]

In 2009, UN spokesmen gave speeches at Church events.[66][67] Hyung Jin Moon, now President of Unification Movement and a Harvard alumnus,[68] met with the 14th Dalai Lama.[69] That same year, Moon's autobiography, As a Peace-Loving Global Citizen (Korean: 평화를 사랑하는 세계인으로),[70] was published by Gimm-Young Publishers in South Korea. The book became a bestseller in Korea and Japan.[71][72][73][74]

In 2010, UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon spoke at the Unification Church-owned Manhattan Center during Africa Day event, which was also co-sponsored by the Unification Church.[75][76] In collaboration with US government, the church organized a summer employment program for 250 disadvantaged teens.[77]

In 2011, 48th President of Paraguay Juan Carlos Wasmosy, 49th President of Paraguay Raúl Cubas Grau, 50-th President of Paraguay Luis Ángel González Macchi and the President of the Chamber of Deputies Óscar González Daher participated in the Global Peace Festival of the Unification Church.[78] The church joined with Morehouse College to launch Martin Luther King, Jr. Middle School Leadership Academy. Students enrolled in the Academy "complete community projects, a health fair for the community surrounding the school as well as other service oriented activities".[79] The Unification Movement received the Lifetime Achievement Award from Taiwanese Executive Yuan.[80] That same year, representatives of seven religions from South Korea visited Pyongyang, North Korea, for the first time ever, in their joint efforts to unite the Korean Peninsula; the delegation was headed by members of the Unification Movement.[81]

In December in Pyongyang, to mark the 20th anniversary of Sun Myung Moon's visit to the DPRK, de jure President Kim Yong-nam hosted the new President in the official residence.[82][83] The latter donated 600 tons of flour to North Korean children of Jeongju Province, the birthplace of Sun Myung Moon.[84][85] Also, after the 2011 earthquake in Japan, he donated $ 1.7 million to the Japanese Red Cross.[86][87]

In February 2012, Stavros S. Anthony, the Mayor of Las Vegas, recognized the contributions of Unification Church's Little Angels Children's Folk Ballet of Korea.[88] That year the Movement was constructing 70-storey twin skyscraper in Seoul at an estimated cost of $2 billion USD.[89][90] A Russian senator who backed the church, invited it to hold its event in Federal Assembly of Russia.[91] Global Peace Women was launched in Malaysia, a chapter of Unification Church-affiliated Global Peace Festival Foundation, with the wife of the Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia as its chair.[92] That same year, the Head of UNEP Achim Steiner and other UN dignataries gave remarks at an environmental event of the affiliate in UNEP Headquarters. The event brought together about 300 people including Keishu Shinso Ito, the highest-ranking minister in Japanese Buddhism, along with other religious leaders.[93] At the opening of Yeosu Expo 2012, Kook Jin Moon, a son of Moon responsible for economic development of the movement, sat in front of the South Korean President Lee Myung-bak among the VIP group.[94][95]

In 2012, a spokesman of an Unification Church-affiliated tourism-oriented body signed a Memorandum of Understanding with Taleb Rifai, the Secretary-General of UNWTO, "to promote a culture of peace through tourism".[96]


Political activities

See: Unification Church political activities

File:Four members of parliaments in an event of the Unification Church in the Parliament of Great Britain. Sandip Verma, Tom Brake and Tarsem King from Great Britain; Akiko Yamanaka from Japan, 2012.jpg
Four members of parliaments in an event of the Unification Church in the Parliament of Great Britain. Sandip Verma, Tom Brake and Tarsem King from Great Britain; Akiko Yamanaka from Japan, 2012

The Unification Church has been noted for its political activities, especially its support for United States president Richard Nixon during the Watergate scandal,[97] its support for anti-communism during the Cold War,[98][99] and its ownership of various news media outlets through chinaNews World Communications, an international news media conglomerate which publishes The Washington Times newspaper in Washington, D.C., and newspapers in South Korea, Japan, and South America, which tend to support conservatism.[100]

In 1970, President Nixon sent a request to the Korean Foreign Ministry to provide information about the Unification Movement, and two years later he met with leaders of the movement.[101] In 1974, Moon took full-page ads in major newspapers defending President Richard Nixon at the height of the Watergate controversy.[102] The church was caught up in the 1976 Koreagate scandal which involved Korean political figures trying to influence Democratic members in the United States Congress. [14] A Congressional subcommittee led by Democratic Representative Donald M. Fraser of Minnesota described the church as being "paramilitary" and "tightly controlled." [14] It also found that the South Korean intelligence agency, the KCIA, had used the Unification Church as a political tool within the United States and that some Unification Church members worked as volunteers in Congressional offices. Together they founded the Korean Cultural Freedom Foundation, a nonprofit organization which acted as a propaganda campaign for the Republic of Korea.[103] The committee also investigated possible KCIA influence on the Unification Church's campaign in support of Nixon.[104]

It was during this time that the church and Rev. Moon received backing from Japanese billionaires Yoshio Kodama and Ryoichi Sasakawa, who controlled Japanese boat racing. [14]

In 1986 CAUSA International, a church supported anti-communist organization, sponsored the documentary film Nicaragua Was Our Home about the Miskito Indians of Nicaragua and their persecution at the hands of the Nicaraguan government. It was filmed and produced by church member Lee Shapiro, who later died while filming with anti-Soviet forces during the Soviet war in Afghanistan.[105][106][107][108] In 1994 the New York Times, in a review of a PBS Frontline documentary on the Unification Church, said that, "outside investigators and onetime insiders … give a picture of a theocratic powerhouse that is pouring foreign fortunes into conservative causes in the United States."[109] In 1998 the Egyptian newspaper Al-Ahram criticized Moon's "ultra-right leanings" and suggested a personal relationship with conservative Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu.[110]

In 1995, the former U.S. President George H. W. Bush and his wife, Barbara Bush, spoke at a Unification Church event in the sold-out 50,000-seat Tokyo Dome. Tickets ranged from $80 to $120.[111] "If as president I could have done one thing to have helped the country more," Mr. Bush told the gathering, "it would have been to do a better job in finding a way, either through speaking out or through raising a moral standard, to strengthen the American family."[112] Han, the main speaker, credited her husband with bringing about Communism's fall and declared that he must save America from "the destruction of the family and moral decay."[113]

In 2003, South Korean Unification Church members started a political party, "The Party for God, Peace, Unification, and Home." In an inauguration declaration, the party announced its focus on preparing for the reunification of the two Korean states by educating the public about God and peace. A church official said that similar political parties would be started in Japan and the United States.[114] It operates every polling station.[115][116]

Moon is a member of the Honorary Committee of the Unification Ministry of the Republic of Korea.[117] The church member Jae-jung Lee had been once a unification minister of the Republic of Korea.[118] Another, Ek Nath Dhakal, is a member of the Nepalese Constituent Assembly,[119] and a first Minister for Co-operatives and Poverty Alleviation Ministry of the Government of Nepal.[120]

Beliefs

See also: Divine Principle, Unification Church and Judaism, Unification Church and mainstream Christianity, Unification Church and Islam, and Unification Church view of Jesus
File:Prime Minister of Guyana Samuel Hinds at the local Unification Church headquarters.jpg
Prime Minister of Guyana Samuel Hinds at the local Unification Church headquarters, 2012

The UC's beliefs are based on the Bible, but include new interpretations not found in Jewish and Christian tradition.[121] They are outlined in the church's textbook, Divine Principle. A brief overview with 12 theological statements about these teachings was written by thirty-eight seminary students:[122]

  1. God: There is one living, eternal, and true God, a Person beyond space and time, who possesses perfect intellect, emotion and will, whose deepest nature is heart and love, who combines both masculinity and femininity, who is the source of all truth, beauty, and goodness, and who is the creator and sustainer of man and the universe and of all things visible and invisible. Man and the universe reflect his personality, nature and purpose.
  2. Man: Man was made by God as a special creation, made in his image as his children, like him in personality and nature, and created to respond to his love, to be the source of his joy, and to share his creativity.
  3. God's Desire for Man and Creation: God's desire for man and creation is eternal and unchanging; God wants men and women to fulfill three things: first, each to grow to perfection so as to be one in heart, will, and action with God, having their bodies and minds united together in perfect harmony centering on God's love; second, to be united by God as husband and wife and give birth to sinless children of God, thereby establishing a sinless family and ultimately a sinless world; and third, to become lords of the created world by establishing a loving dominion of reciprocal give-and-take with it. Because of man's sin, however, none of these happened. Therefore God's present desire is that the problem of sin be solved and that all these things be restored, thus bringing about the earthly and heavenly kingdom of God.
  4. Sin: The first man and woman (Adam and Eve), before they had become perfected, were tempted by the archangel Lucifer into illicit and forbidden love. Through this, Adam and Eve willfully turned away from God's will and purpose for them, thus bringing themselves and the human race into spiritual death. As a result of this Fall, Satan usurped the position of mankind's true father so that thereafter all people are born in sin both physically and spiritually and have a sinful propensity. Human beings therefore tend to oppose God and His will, and live in ignorance of their true nature and parentage and of all that they have lost. God too, grieves for His lost children and lost world, and has had to struggle incessantly to restore them to Himself. Creation groans in travail, waiting to be united through the true children of God.
  5. Christology: Fallen mankind can be restored to God only through Christ (the Messiah), who comes as a new Adam to become the new head of the human race (replacing the sinful parents), through whom mankind can be reborn into God's family. In order for God to send the Messiah, mankind must fulfill certain conditions which restore what was lost through the Fall.
  6. History: Restoration takes place through the paying of indemnity for (making reparations for) sin. Human history is the record of God and Man's efforts to make these reparations over time in order that conditions can be fulfilled so that God can send the Messiah, who comes to initiate the complete restoration process. When some effort at fulfilling some reparation condition fails, it must be repeated, usually by someone else after some intervening time-period; history therefore exhibits a cyclic pattern. History culminates in the coming of the Messiah, and at that time the old age ends and a new age begins.
  7. Resurrection: The process of resurrection is the process of restoration to spiritual life and spiritual maturity, ultimately uniting man with God; it is passing from spiritual death into spiritual life. This is accomplished in part by man's effort (through prayer, good deeds, etc.) with the help of the saints in the spiritual world, and completed by God's activity of bringing man to rebirth through Christ (the Messiah).
  8. Predestination: God's will that all people be restored to Him is predestined absolutely, and He has elected all people to salvation, but He has also given man part of the responsibility (to be accomplished through man's free will) for the accomplishment of both His original will and His will for the accomplishment of restoration; that responsibility remains man's permanently. God has predestined and called certain persons and groups of people for certain responsibilities; if they fail, others must take up their roles and greater reparations must be made.
  9. Jesus: Jesus of Nazareth came as the Christ, the Second Adam, the only begotten Son of God. He became one with God, speaking the words of God and doing the works of God, and revealing God to the people. The people, however, rejected and crucified him, thereby preventing his building the Kingdom of God on earth. Jesus, however, was victorious over Satan in his crucifixion and resurrection, and thus made possible spiritual salvation for those who are reborn through him and the Holy Spirit. The restoration of the Kingdom of God on earth awaits the Second Coming of Christ. (See also Unification Church view of Jesus)
  10. The Bible: The Old and New Testament Scriptures are the record of God's progressive revelation to mankind. The purpose of the Bible is to bring us to Christ, and to reveal God's heart. Truth is unique, eternal, and unchanging, so any new message from God will be in conformity with the Bible and will illuminate it more deeply. Yet, in these last days, new truth must come from God in order that mankind be able to accomplish what is, yet, undone.
  11. Complete Restoration: A proper understanding of theology concentrates simultaneously on man's relationship with God (vertical) and on man's relationship with his fellowman (horizontal). Man's sin disrupted both these relationships, and all the problems of our world result from this. These problems will be solved through restoration of man to God through Christ, and also through such measures as initiating proper moral standards and practices, forming true families, uniting all peoples and races (such as Orient, Occident and Negro), resolving the tension between science and religion, righting economic, racial, political, and educational injustices, and overcoming God-denying ideologies such as Communism.
  12. Second Coming or Eschatology: The Second Coming of Christ will occur in our age, an age much like that of the First Advent. Christ will come as before, as a man in the flesh, and he will establish a family through marriage to his Bride, a woman in the flesh, and they will become the True Parents of all mankind. Through our accepting the True Parents (the Second Coming of Christ), obeying them and following them, our original sin will be eliminated and we will eventually become perfect. True families fulfilling God's ideal will be begun, and the Kingdom of God will be established both on earth and in heaven. That day is now at hand.

God is viewed as the creator, whose nature combines both masculinity and femininity, and is the source of all truth, beauty, and goodness. Human beings and the universe reflect God's personality, nature and purpose.[122]: 102 

"Give-and-take action" (reciprocal interaction) and "subject and object position" (initiator and responder) are "key interpretive concepts" and the self is designed to be God's object.[122]: 107  The purpose of human existence is to return joy to God. The "four-position foundation" is "another important and interpretive concept"and explains in part the emphasis on the family.[122]: 108 

Members of the Unification Church believe that Moon is the Messiah and claim that "history will answer whether Moon is new messiah".[123][124] Moon himself gave the following answer to the question of whether he is the messiah or not: "Yes I am. But so are you." Then he pointed to each person around him: "And so are you, and you, and you."[125]

Sex and marriage

Main article: Blessing ceremony of the Unification Church
File:Government of Philippine co-holds a Blessing ceremony for 3000 couples along with The Unification Church.jpg
Blessing ceremony of the Unification Church in the Philippines

The Unification Church is well known for its wedding or marriage rededication ceremony. It is given to married (or engaged) couples. Through it, members of the Unification Church believe, the couple is removed from the lineage of sinful humanity and engrafted into God's sinless lineage. The Blessing ceremony was first held in 1961 for 36 couples in Seoul, South Korea by the Moons shortly after their own marriage in 1960. All the couples were members of the church. Rev. Moon matched all of the couples except 12 who were already married to each other before joining the church.[126]

Later Blessing ceremonies were larger in scale but followed the same pattern. All participants were Unification Church members and Rev. Moon matched most of the couples. In 1982 the first large scale Blessing (of 2,000 couples) outside of Korea took place in Madison Square Garden, New York City.[127] In 1988, Moon matched 2,500 Korean members with Japanese members for a Blessing ceremony held in Korea, partly in order to promote unity between the two nations.[128] In 1992 Sun Myung Moon gave the wedding blessing for 30,000 couples at the Seoul Olympic Stadium[129] and for 13,000 at the Yankee Stadium.[130]

In 1997, Al Sharpton, a Christian minister and a candidate for the 2004 presidential election, who had also taken part in other Unification Church events and holidays, took part in a blessing ceremony at RFK Stadium, Washington, D.C., as a wedding-vow renewal with his wife.[131] That year, 3.6 million couples were married simultaneously in the ceremony.[132][133] In 2001, the Catholic Church archbishop Emmanuel Milingo was wed by Moon with a Unification Church member in a blessing ceremony against the will of the Pope.[134]

The Blessing ceremonies attracted attention in the press and in the public imagination, often being labeled "mass weddings", the one of such blessing ceremonies was held at Headquarters of the United Nations in 2000.[135][136] Such weddings proved to be happy, according to scientific researchs.[137][138] "Whatever anyone wants to say about the Unification Church, the marital aspect seems to work," said Robert Epstein, a research psychologist. No-divorce rates are up to 83% in the Unification Church.[139] Unification Church teaches that romantic love leads to sexual promiscuity, mismatched couples and dysfunctional societies.[140][141]

The Unification Movement affected the demographic map of mono-ethnic Korea due to its Blessing Ceremony.[142] South Korea has an acute problem of gender imbalance. Consequently, there is a large shortage of marriageable women: more than half of female immigrants are from the Philippines, Thailand and other countries came to Korea due to the Unification Movement and less than 20% – through marriage agencies.[143]

Several church-related groups are working to promote sexual abstinence until marriage and fidelity in marriage and to prevent child exploitation; they care for victims of Thailand's massive sex trade as well.[144][145][146]

In 1996, Unification Church gathered 3,500 signatures during its anti-porn campaign. As a church official said, "pornography makes love seem temporal, pure love goes beyond the sexual relationship."[147]

In 2009, a blessing ceremony for 7,000 couples was attended by the Vice Speaker of the National Assembly of the Republic of Korea and by the daughter of the late President Park Chung-hee.[148] She said: "I join in a trans-religious spirit. I like the Unification Church way of interpreting the Bible, incorporating the Quran and Buddhist scripts".[149]

Relations with other religions

Judaism

See also: Unification Church and Judaism

The relationship between the Unification Church and Judaism has been marked by some controversy. The Divine Principle has been accused of containing antisemitic references.[150] Statements by Moon that Jewish victims of the Holocaust were paying indemnity for the crucifixion of Jesus have also been described as antisemitic.[151][16] In the 1980s church leaders Mose Durst, Peter Ross, and Andrew Wilson expressed regret over some members' misunderstanding of Judaism and urged better relations with the Jewish community.[152][153][154]

Christianity

See also: Unification Church and mainstream Christianity

From its beginning, the Unification Church claimed to be Christian and promoted its teachings to mainstream Christian churches and organizations . The Unification Church in Korea was labeled as heretical by Protestant churches in South Korea, including Moon’s own Presbyterian Church. In the United States the church was rejected by ecumenical organizations as being non-Christian. The main objections were theological, especially because of the Unification Church’s addition of material to the Bible.[31] In their influential book The Kingdom of the Cults (first published in 1965), Walter Ralston Martin and Ravi K. Zacharias disagreed with the Divine Principle on the issues of the divinity of Christ, the virgin birth of Jesus, the Unification Church's belief that Jesus should have married, the necessity of the crucifixion of Jesus, and a literal resurrection of Jesus as well as a literal second coming of Jesus. [155] Christian commentators have also criticized Unification Church teachings as contrary to the Protestant doctrine of salvation by faith alone.[156][157]

Islam

See also: Unification Church and Islam

The relationship between the Unification Church and Islam has often been noted, both by scholars and the news media. The Divine Principle lists the “Islamic cultural sphere” as one of the world’s four major divisions (the others are the East Asian, the Hindu, and the Christian spheres).[158] Unification Church support for Islamist anti-communists came to public attention in 1987 when church member Lee Shapiro was killed in Afghanistan during the Soviet war in Afghanistan while filming a documentary.[159][160] In 1997, Louis Farrakhan, the leader of The Nation of Islam, an African American Islamic organization, served as a "co-officiator" at a blessing ceremony presided over by Moon and Han.[161] In 2000 the Church and the Nation of Islam co-sponsored the Million Family March, a rally in Washington, D.C., to celebrate family unity and racial and religious harmony.[162][163]

Interfaith activities

In 1974 Moon founded the Unification Theological Seminary, in Barrytown, New York, partly in order to improve relations of the Unification Church with other churches. Professors from other denominations, including a Methodist minister, a Presbyterian, and a Roman Catholic priest, as well as a rabbi, were hired to teach students to be leaders in the Church.[164][165][166][167][168]

Unification Church held dialogues between the members of the Israeli Knesset and the Palestinian Parliament as part of his Middle East Peace Initiatives.[169]

In the 1980s the Unification Church sent thousands of American ministers from other churches on trips to Japan and South Korea to inform them about Unification Church teachings.

In 2009 the Unification Church held an interfaith event in the Peruvian Congress.[170] The President of the Congress of Peru Marcial Ayaipoma[171] and other notable politicians are "Ambassadors for Peace" of the Unification Church.[172][173][174][175][176]

In 2010, the church built a large interfaith temple in Seoul.[177] Author Deepak Chopra was the keynote speaker at an interfaith event of the Unification Church co-hosted with UN at the United Nations Headquarters.[178]

In 2011, an interfaith event was held in the National Assembly of Thailand, the President of the National Assembly of Thailand attended the event.[179]

In 2012, the Unification Church-affiliated Universal Peace Federation held an interfaith dialogue in Italy, which was cosponsored by United Nations.[180] That year, Unification Church affiliated Universal Peace Federation held an interfaith program for representatives of 12 various religions and confessions in the United Nations General Assembly Hall. President of the United Nations General Assembly,[181] Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations,[182][183] Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the United Nations[184] and other UN officials gave speeches there.[185]


Structure and organization

See also: List of Unification Church affiliated organizations
File:Taiwanese President Ma Inju gets the Ambassador for Peace Award from Thomas Walsh, the leader of Unification Church.jpg
Taiwanese President Ma Ying-jeou gets the Ambassador for Peace Award from Thomas Walsh, a leader of Unification Church

The church and its members own, operate and subsidize organizations and projects involved in political, cultural, commercial, media, educational and other activities. In South Korea, Unification Church manages some 4,600 hectares of land and more than 300 residential and commercial rental properties.[186] Many of the companies and enterprises are profitable[187][188] and help realize church doctrine. The Unification Church in 2001 persuaded the North Korean government to relax its restrictions and permit Pyeonghwa Motors, a South Korean automaker with ties to the Church, to assemble cars in the DPRK and advertise them to North Koreans. The Unification Church sought to promote private business enterprises that would shift the North Korean economy away from a planned economy to a market economy.[189]

The church-owned conglomerate Tongil Group has four subsidiaries listed on the Korea Exchange.[190] Unification Movement is the largest supplier of U.S. sushi restaurants, supplying most of the 9,000 units in the country.[191] It is the second largest exporter of Korean goods.[192] In some U.S. areas it is the largest employer.[193] For a while the Unification Church was the largest foreign investor in China.[194] It manages the top Asian ballet company,[195] the largest Asian helicopter plant,[196] as well as the only automobile-manufacturing plant in North Korea, Pyeonghwa Motors.[197][198] Three of its NGOs, namely Universal Peace Federation, Women's Federation for World Peace and Service for Peace, are in consultative status with the UN Economic and Social Council.[199] The church owns Manhattan Center during Africa Day event, which was cosponsored by an affiliated organization.[76][200] Unification Church-owned Yeongpyeong Resort, The Ocean Resort and Pineridge Resort hosted Expo 2012 in May 2012,[201] and will sponsor the 2018 Winter Olympics[202][203] and Formula One.[204] It also owns the Peace Cup, whose president, Chung Hwan Kwak, is a long-time church member[205] and he holds the positions of Asian Football Confederation Social Responsibility Committee Chairman,[206] President of K-League,[207] President of Korea Football Association,[208][209] which is part of FIFA. Most notable Peace Cup football clubs are Aston Villa, Juventus, Lyon, Inter Milan, etc.[210]

Economic interests of the Unification Movement include the petrochemical industry,[211][212][213] construction of golf courses,[214] non-ferrous metallurgy,[215][216] automobile industry, avia carriers,[217][218] yacht building,[219] energy drinks,[220] banking,[221] Hollywood,[222] etc. The church owns a mansion in a former Gothic Catholic Church.[223] The church ranks third in the tourism market in Korea.[224] It provides tours to North Korea for separated families[225] and built a golf course for tourists in Pyongyang.[226] Japanese members of the Unification Church are the largest share of the air travel market in Korea.[227] The movement owns hotels, an airport, and all the necessary tourism infrastructure units.[228] The movement operates medical tourism; thus, CheongShim Hospital is the largest hospital in Korea in terms of internationalization level.[229]

Scientific interests include cancer research.[230][231][232][233][234] The movement continues to work for the end of communism.[235]

In 2011, Unification Church's Universal Ballet spent about $10 million on a tour of dozens of countries. In 2013 the ballet will tour with Little Angels Children's Folk Ballet of Korea in the U.S., Canada, Japan, G-20 countries and major cities of Russia.[236] The tour is partially funded by the South Korean government.[237]

In 2012, the church announced plans for a $33 million investment to build Isshin Hospital-Brazil and a spa[238] and a $12 million convention center near McCarran International Airport.[239]

The church holds rehabilitation programs for North Korean refugees,[240] holds Middle East peace initiatives aimed to reconcile Jews, Christians and Muslims[241] and other peace initiatives.[242][243] It supports the United Nations Millennium Development Goals.[244] The movement holds events in the U.S., Korea, Guyana,[245] Philippines, Thailand,[246] India, Malaysia, Brazil,[247] Georgia,[248] Bangladesh[249] and other countries at the governmental level.[179][250][251][252][253] One of its youth affiliates, the Collegiate Association for the Research of Principles, is active in Cornell University.[254][255] A UPenn graduate and a member of the Unification Church said his church "helped me achieve stellar academic results".[256][257]

Church leadership

Sun Myung Moon and Hak Ja Han

Observers of the Unification Church, as well as some church members, had speculated about the issue of Unification Church leadership after Moon's death. Among those sometimes mentioned were his wife Hak Ja Han, and their sons Hyun Jin Moon,[258] Kook Jin Moon, and Hyung Jin Moon.[64][259][260]

In 2005 Moon appointed Kook Jin Moon chairman of Tongil Group, which represents church-owned businesses in South Korea and other nations.[261][262] In 2008 Moon appointed Hyung Jin Moon as the international president of the church.[263][264] At the same time he appointed his daughter In Jin Moon as the president of the Unification Church of the United States.[265][266] In 2010, Forbes reported that Moon and Han were living in South Korea while their children took more responsibility for the day-to-day leadership of the Unification Church and its affiliated organizations.[262] After Moon's death on September 3, 2012, it was reported that Han, Hyung Jin, and Kook Jin Moon would take over the leadership of the church.[267]

Notes

  1. ^ Chicago Tribune http://www.chicagotribune.com/health/sns-rt-us-korea-weddingbre82n06o-20120324,0,3454978.story. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  2. ^ "Thousands join Moon for mass wedding in South Korea". Reuters. March 24, 2012.
  3. ^ Gayle, Damien. "2,500 marriages made in Moonie heaven: Couples from more than 50 countries tie the knot in mass South Korea ceremony". Daily Mail. London.
  4. ^ "Thousands join Moon for mass wedding in South Korea – Yahoo! News Maktoob". En-maktoob.news.yahoo.com. 2012-03-24. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  5. ^ Email Us. "'Moonies' founder dies, aged 92 - The Irish Times - Mon, Sep 03, 2012". The Irish Times. Retrieved 2012-09-04.
  6. ^ "Kbs News". News.kbs.co.kr. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  7. ^ 30 April 2012 (2012-04-30). "Liberia: YBB Observes Global Youth Action Day". allAfrica.com. Retrieved 2012-05-23.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ excerpt The Unification Church Studies in Contemporary Religion, Massimo Introvigne, 2000, Signature Books, Salt Lake City, Utah, ISBN 1-56085-145-7
  9. ^ a b c d Introvigne, 2000
  10. ^ "Czechs, Now 'Naively' Seeking Direction, See Dangers in Cults", New York Times, February 14, 1996
  11. ^ "Unification Church Gains Respect in Latin America", New York Times, November 24, 1996
  12. ^ Lifestyle : Conversations with Members of Unification Church – "Quebedeaux, Richard" – Google Книги. Books.google.kg. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  13. ^ Lambert, Bruce (September 18, 1994). "NEIGHBORHOOD REPORT: 34TH STREET; Once a Hotel, Again a Hotel". The New York Times.
  14. ^ a b c d e Reed, Christoper (2 September 2012). "The Rev Sun Myung Moon obituary Korean founder of the Unification church – the Moonies". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 September 2012.
  15. ^ Eileen Barker. Did the Moonies really brainwash millions? Time to dispel a myth. // The Guardian, 4 September 2012
  16. ^ a b c "Obituary: Sun Myung Moon". BBC News. 2 September 2012. Retrieved 10 September 2012.
  17. ^ [http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2010/148871.htm Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor.International Religious Freedom Report 2010 Report.November 17, 2010]
  18. ^ California Court Backs Moonies. // Template:Нп3, 7 October 1977. — P.9
  19. ^ Eileen Barker. Did the Moonies really brainwash millions? Time to dispel a myth. // The Guardian, 4 September 2012
  20. ^ McDowell, Edwin (April 2, 1984). "Unification Church Is Starting A Publishing House". The New York Times.
  21. ^ Dunning, Jennifer (September 8, 1990). "Moon Church Founds Ballet School". The New York Times.
  22. ^ [www.nytimes.com/1997/12/02/nyregion/unification-church-school-on-a-campus-raises-alarms.html]
  23. ^ a b Schmemann, Serge (July 28, 1993). "Religion Returns to Russia, With a Vengeance". The New York Times.
  24. ^ Luft, Kerry (December 8, 1994). "Unification Church Invests Heavily In Uruguay". Chicago Tribune.
  25. ^ The Moonies in Moscow: a second coming?, Green Left Weekly, May 28, 1997. "With the dismantling of the Soviet Union in 1991, Moon's anticommunism lost much of its camouflage value. There was, however, the compensating possibility of being able to expand his operations into Russia – both with the bible, and with business. One of Moon's schemes in Russia during the early 1990s was reportedly to rent Red Square for a mass wedding ceremony of the type practised by his sect in many cities around the world, in which scores and perhaps hundreds of couples – selected for one another by church leaders, and introduced only a few days previously --are married simultaneously. This plan came to nothing. The most that was achieved was that Moon's wife was allowed to broadcast from the stage of the Kremlin Palace of Congresses."
  26. ^ A Less Secular Approach, The Saint Petersburg Times, June 7, 2002
  27. ^ Dubai Tycoon Scouts Pyongyang Forbes, September 9, 2006
  28. ^ Sims, Calvin (August 11, 1997). "A Newspaper for Half a Hemisphere?". The New York Times.
  29. ^ "METRO NEWS BRIEFS: CONNECTICUT; U. of Bridgeport Gets Its Largest Gift". The New York Times. September 29, 1998.
  30. ^ Kirk, Don (May 2, 1998). "Reverend Moon's Group Wants to Talk Investment : Seoul Nods At Church's Foray North". New York Times.
  31. ^ a b April 15, 2005 (2005-04-15). "Time to Change the Channel? | Media Is A Plural". Roryoconnor.org. Retrieved 2012-05-23.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) Cite error: The named reference "autogenerated1" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  32. ^ Kirk, Don (February 16, 2000). "Church Reaches Across Border in Korea Car Venture : Moon's Northward Push". The New York Times.
  33. ^ Kirk, Don (May 25, 2000). "Chorus Diplomacy Sets Stage for Korean Summit". The New York Times.
  34. ^ Marquis, Christopher (May 16, 2000). "The Unification Church's News Affiliate Buys U.P.I." The New York Times.
  35. ^ "На основе Документов Google". Docs.google.com. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  36. ^ "На основе Документов Google". Docs.google.com. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  37. ^ "Rev. Sun Myung Moon Continues to Build Pacific Links". Rickross.com. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  38. ^ "sun+myung+moon"&source=bl&ots=YcK3k_dvmn&sig=3wxbkmJyr1kUNJL2cA6_7Kb-PdA&hl=ru&sa=X&ei=kOJfT9yKLoTwsga5mIW8CQ&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Lech Walesa "sun myung moon"&f=false
  39. ^ "Items-in-KAA: Religious Organizations – general – 2003 -July – sept". Webcache.googleusercontent.com. 2003-10-07. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  40. ^ Bell, Jack (July 14, 2003). "MetroStars Midfielder Knows About Comebacks". The New York Times.
  41. ^ "flagship event". .unesco.org. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  42. ^ "Korean football fuels dreams of Iraqi refugees". Reuters. July 17, 2007.
  43. ^ http://www.lasvegasnevada.gov/files/agendas/2004-08-18_CouncilMin.pdf
  44. ^ Photo
  45. ^ "Feature". Dailynews.lk. 2005-12-25. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  46. ^ "The Island News". Island.lk. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  47. ^ "동아일보 매거진::신동아". Shindonga.donga.com. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  48. ^ "'신동아' 통일교 관련보도 불만, 신도들 본사서 폭력시위 : 문화 : 뉴스 : 동아닷컴". News.donga.com. 2006-08-23. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  49. ^ "Moonies" stage festival in Mongolia Mongolia Web August 23, 2008
  50. ^ Kenya asked to back world peace forum Daily Nation, August 31, 2008
  51. ^ Moonie peace group to hold biggest UK event The Guardian November 21, 2008
  52. ^ Global Peace Festival This Saturday Solomon Times, November 25, 2008
  53. ^ "SPEECH BY HIS EXCELLENCY HON. MWAI KIBAKI, C.G.H., M.P., PRESIDENT AND COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF OF THE DEFENCE FORCES OF THE REPUBLIC OF KENYA DURING THE OFFICIAL OPENING OF THE GLOBAL PEACE CONVENTION, KENYATTA INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE CENTRE, NAIROBI, 18TH NOVEMBER, 2010". Statehousekenya.go.ke. 2010-11-18. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  54. ^ "Remise de décorations par Frédéric Mitterrand à Hilton McConnico, Dr Moosa Bin Jaafar Bin Hassan, Olivier Roellinger, et Keisuke Matsushima / Discours 2009–2012 / Frédéric Mitterrand 2009–2012 / Archives / L'histoire du ministère / Ministère / Accueil / www.culturecommunication.gouv.fr / Ministère – Ministère de la culture" (in Template:Fr icon). Culturecommunication.gouv.fr. 2011-03-16. Retrieved 2012-05-23.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  55. ^ "На основе Документов Google". Docs.google.com. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  56. ^ http://image.postman.co.kr/CheckNew.html?TV9JRD00Mjg2NTM5NTM1&U1RZUEU9TUFTUw==&RU1BSUxfSUQ9bmVjaHFhZG1pbkBnbWFpbC5jb20=&TElTVF9UQUJMRT1FQkFEMDQ2MA==&UE9TVF9JRD0yMDEyMDQyNDEwMDAwNDcxMTM4OA==&VEM9MjAxMjA1MDE=&S0lORD1D&Q0lEPTAwMg==&URL=http://www.postman.co.kr/open/download.jsp?key=9921b6f1d60de1a8ef91fa836d1a5ff7&id=sunkyo
  57. ^ Demick, Barbara (2008-09-27). "Korean Power Tools: Who gave N. Korea those power tools?". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  58. ^ "На основе Документов Google". Docs.google.com. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  59. ^ Ramon Jordan (2008-10-14). "USNA News and Notes Winter 2008". Usna.usda.gov. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  60. ^ "DC.Gov Citywide Calendar: Clean-Up with Anacostia Watershed Society". App.calendar.rrc.dc.gov. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  61. ^ ". Youth | News | International Youth Day". Un-Habitat. 2008-08-12. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  62. ^ ". Feature Stories | News | UN-HABITAT hosts youth meeting". Un-Habitat. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  63. ^ "На основе Документов Google". Docs.google.com. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  64. ^ a b Son of Moonies founder takes over as church leader The Guardian, 2008-04-28
  65. ^ Hyung Jin Moon: Meet the new Moonie messiah The Independent
  66. ^ by jalagno. "All posts tagged 'international day of families'". Unic.un.org. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  67. ^ "Sikhs celebrate Vaisakhi in style". The-star.co.ke. 2012-04-16. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  68. ^ "문선명 총재 막내아들 통일교 회장 취임 : 문화 : 뉴스 : 동아닷컴". News.donga.com. 2008-04-18. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  69. ^ "[주간조선] 통일교의 젊은 회장, 문선명 7남 문형진 – 1등 인터넷뉴스 조선닷컴". News.chosun.com. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  70. ^ "네이버 책 :: 네이버는 책을 사랑합니다". naver.com. Retrieved 14 October 2009.
  71. ^ "문선명 자서전, 전국 목회자에 발송 :한국 교회의 나침반 뉴스파워". newspower.co.kr. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  72. ^ "mk ´ş˝ş [šŽČ­źŇ˝Ä] šŽźą¸í ĂŃŔç ŔÚź­Ŕü 100¸¸şÎ ľšĆÄ". News.mk.co.kr. Retrieved 2012-05-23. {{cite web}}: soft hyphen character in |title= at position 13 (help)
  73. ^ "mk ´ş˝ş [şŁ˝şĆŽźżˇŻ] ˝Ĺ°ćź÷ źŇźł 3Ŕ§ˇÎ ťó˝Â". News.mk.co.kr. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  74. ^ "▒▒▒ 사천신문 ▒▒▒". 4000news.com. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  75. ^ "United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon's Statements". Un.org. 2011-11-30. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  76. ^ a b "This Day's For Africa! | The Official Blog of the UNA-GB". Unagb.wordpress.com. 2011-05-26. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  77. ^ "Alliance to Impact the Future | Administration for Children and Families". Transition.acf.hhs.gov. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  78. ^ "Ex presidentes de poderes llaman al saneamiento moral del país". Lanacion.com.py. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  79. ^ "Martin Luther King, Jr. Day of Service | Administration for Children and Families". Transition.acf.hhs.gov. 2012-01-16. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  80. ^ "mk ´ş˝ş ĹëŔĎął, ´ë¸¸ ÇŕÁ¤żř ĆŻş°°řˇÎťó źöťó". News.mk.co.kr. 2011-10-18. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  81. ^ "::: 뉴스천지 :::". Newscj.com. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  82. ^ 한겨레 수행·치유 전문 웹진 — 휴심정 — 문선명은 김정일 사망 알았나
  83. ^ Associated Press Son of Unification Church founder meets with senior North Korean official in Pyongyang, The Washington Post, 15 December 2011 (копия)
  84. ^ S. Korea says food aid reached intended beneficiaries in N. Korea | YONHAP NEWS
  85. ^ "Kbs News". Sports.kbs.co.kr. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  86. ^ "はてなブックマーク – たびのわ »UCニュース»日本赤十字社に文総裁からの寄付金を渡された文亨進世界会長". B.hatena.ne.jp. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  87. ^ "Family Federation for World Peace and Unification". 67.227.135.108. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  88. ^ "City Council To Celebrate Black History Month (Official City of Las Vegas Web Site)". Lasvegasnevada.gov. 2012-01-31. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  89. ^ "1차전 끝낸 통일교 兄弟의 亂". Monthly.chosun.com. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  90. ^ "인터컨티넨탈, 여의도 '파크원' 호텔 운영 : 경제 : 뉴스 : 동아닷컴". News.donga.com. 2006-01-12. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  91. ^ "Interfax-Religion". Interfax-Religion. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  92. ^ "Women are natural NGO leaders, says DPM's wife". News.asiaone.com. 2012-04-20. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  93. ^ "Remarks by Achim Steiner to the Global Peace Initiative of Women Conference". UNEP. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  94. ^ [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xz1Y9JN8mqM&feature=share Youtube, Opening of Yeosu [[Expo 2012]]]
  95. ^ 李대통령, 여수엑스포 개막 선언.."성공 기원"
  96. ^ IIPT and UNWTO to partner in peace through tourism
  97. ^ Introvigne, Massimo, 2000, The Unification Church Studies in Contemporary Religion, Signature Books, Salt Lake City, Utah, ISBN 1-56085-145-7, excerpt page 16
  98. ^ SFgate.com, San Francisco Chronicle September 3, 1983
  99. ^ How to Read the Reagan Administration: The Miskito Case
  100. ^ See
  101. ^ "국가기록원 나라기록 > 주제별 검색 > 국정분야별검색 > 외교 > 박정희 정부 > 미국(1961–1972)" (in Template:Ko icon). Content.archives.go.kr. Retrieved 2012-05-23.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  102. ^ "The Eclipse of Sun Myung Moon" New York Magazine By Chris Welles Sep 27, 1976
  103. ^ Spiritual warfare: the politics of the Christian right, Sara Diamond, 1989, Pluto Press, Page 58
  104. ^ Ex-aide of Moon Faces Citation for Contempt, Associated Press, Eugene Register-Guard, August 5, 1977
  105. ^ New York Times review.
  106. ^ How to Read the Reagan Administration: The Miskito Case
  107. ^ Public TV Tilts Toward Conservatives, Fairness & Accuracy In Reporting
  108. ^ 2 Americans Reported Killed In an Ambush in Afghanistan New York Times 1987-10-28
  109. ^ GOODMAN, WALTER (January 21, 1992). "Review/Television; Sun Myung Moon Changes Robes". New York Times.
  110. ^ The same old game, Al-Ahram, November 12–18, 1998, "The Washington Times is a mouthpiece for the ultra conservative Republican right, unquestioning supporters of Israel's Likud government. The newspaper is owned by Sun Myung Moon, originally a native of North Korea and head of the Unification Church, whose ultra-right leanings make him a ready ally for Netanyahu. Whether or not Netanyahu is personally acquainted with Moon is unclear, though there is no doubt that he has established close friendships with several staff members on The Washington Times, whose editorial policy is rabidly anti-Arab, anti-Muslim and pro-Israel."
  111. ^ Pollack, Andrew (September 15, 1995). "Bushes Speak at Tokyo Rally of Group Linked to Moon Church". The New York Times.
  112. ^ Brozan, Nadine (July 15, 1995). "CHRONICLE". The New York Times.
  113. ^ Sanger, David E. (September 17, 1995). "SEPT. 10–16; Mr. Bush's Asian Tour". The New York Times.
  114. ^ 'Moonies' launch political party in S Korea,The Independent (South Africa), March 10, 2003
  115. ^ "mk 뉴스 18대총선등록마감,\`100만원 향응 형사처벌\`". News.mk.co.kr. 2008-03-26. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  116. ^ "정동영·이재오, '큰판' 걸렸다 – 시사저널". Sisapress.com. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  117. ^ "자유게시판". Unikorea.go.kr. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  118. ^ "mk ´ş˝ş ĹëŔĎąłŔ°˝ÉŔÇŔ§ °łĂÖ..łťłâ ĹëŔĎąłŔ° šćÇâ źłÁ¤". News.mk.co.kr. 2006-12-28. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  119. ^ Nepalese Constituent Assembly
  120. ^ "News in Nepal: Fast, Full & Factual". Myrepublica.Com. 2012-05-19. Retrieved 2012-09-04.
  121. ^ Religious Requirements and Practices of Certain Selected Groups: A Handbook for Chaplains, By U. S. Department of the Army, Published by The Minerva Group, Inc., 2001, ISBN 0-89875-607-3, ISBN 978-0-89875-607-4, page 1–42. Google books listing
  122. ^ a b c d * Sontag, Fredrick (1977). Sun Myung Moon and the Unification Church. Abingdon. pp. 102–105. ISBN 0-687-40622-6.
  123. ^ "На основе Документов Google". Docs.google.com. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  124. ^ Moon has said he is the Second Coming of Christ, the "Savior", "returning Lord", and "True Parent". Babington, Charles (June 23, 2004). "The Rev. Moon Honored at Hill Reception – Lawmakers Say They Were Misled". Washington Post. pp. A01. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  125. ^ "(18) Moon Sun-myung: son of the broken-hearted God". Koreatimes.co.kr. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  126. ^ Duddy, Neil Interview: Dr. Mose Durst
  127. ^ "NEW YORK DAY BY DAY; Wedding Day for 4,000". The New York Times. July 1, 1982.
  128. ^ Marriage by the numbers; Moon presides as 6,500 couples wed in S. Korea Peter Maass Washington Post October 31, 1988
  129. ^ Bak Byeong Ryong Unification Church believers around the world three manyeossang joint wedding, MBCNews, 25 August 1992
  130. ^ "'D' Is For Danger – And For Writer Don Delillo". Chicago Tribune. May 22, 1992.
  131. ^ Firestone, David (September 12, 1997). "Sharpton in Ceremonies Of Unification Church". The New York Times.
  132. ^ "Mass Wedding Had No Hidden Purpose". The New York Times. February 1, 1996.
  133. ^ "::SBS::[뉴스추적] ② '통일교 신자 납치·감금'...배후는?" (in Template:Ko icon). News.sbs.co.kr. Retrieved 2012-05-23.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  134. ^ "Maverick Archbishop Weds in Manhattan, Perhaps Pushing Catholic Church to Limit". The New York Times. May 28, 2001.
  135. ^ http://www.csduppsala.uu.se/devnet/CivilSociety/Outlookserien/2011,GlobCiv/GlobCIv_Paul_James_A.pdf
  136. ^ Despite controversy, Moon and his church moving into mainstream Chicago Tribune, April 11, 2006. 'The church's most spectacular rite remains mass weddings, which the church calls the way "fallen men and women can be engrafted into the true lineage of God."'
  137. ^ Van, Jon (October 26, 1986). "Moon's Marriages Prove To Be Happy". Chicago Tribune.
  138. ^ By KARRIS GOLDEN For the Courier (2012-04-20). "Unification Church arranged marriages surprisingly strong". Wcfcourier.com. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  139. ^ Does love last longer in arranged marriages? [[USA Today]
  140. ^ Does love last longer in arranged marriages? Daniel Burke, USA Today
  141. ^ Unificationists tout arranged marriage
  142. ^ "외국인 아내가 외국인 남편의 7배 : 사회 : 뉴스 : 동아닷컴". News.donga.com. 2009-08-06. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  143. ^ [1][dead link]
  144. ^ Rosenthal, Elisabeth (2000-09-12). "Group Founded by Sun Myung Moon Preaches Sexual Abstinence in China". New York Times. Retrieved 2008-02-22.
  145. ^ [[Southeast Missourian Glenallen resident returns from Thailand after helping victims of human trafficking]
  146. ^ Mo. woman helps victims of human trafficking
  147. ^ Gruzen, Tara (February 13, 1996). "College Group Preaches A Lesson On Pure Love At Anti-porn Protest". Chicago Tribune.
  148. ^ "::: 뉴스천지 :::". Newscj.com. 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  149. ^ Sang-Hun, Choe (October 15, 2009). "At Time of Change for Rev. Moon Church, a Return to Tradition". The New York Times.
  150. ^ Sun Myung Moon Is Criticized by Religious Leaders; Jewish Patrons Enraged, David F. White, New York Times, December 29, 1976
  151. ^ Anti-cult movements in cross-cultural perspective, Anson D. Shupe, David G. Bromley, 1994, p42; Feher, Shoshanah. Passing over Easter: constructing the boundaries of Messianic Judaism, Rowman Altamira, 1998, p. 36.
  152. ^ Guidelines for Members of The Unification Church in Relations with the Jewish People, Peter Ross and Andrew Wilson, March 15, 1989.
  153. ^ "Religion: Sun Myung Moon's Goodwill Blitz". Time. April 22, 1985.
  154. ^ "Unification Church seen as persecuted", The Milwaukee Sentinel, September 15, 1984, page 4
  155. ^ Walter Ralston Martin, Ravi K. Zacharias, The Kingdom of the Cults, Bethany House, 2003, ISBN 0764228218 pages 368-370
  156. ^ Daske, D. and Ashcraft, W. 2005, New Religious Movements, New York: New York University Press, ISBN 0-8147-0702-5 p142
  157. ^ Yamamoto, J. 1995, Unification Church, Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan Press, ISBN 0-310-70381-6 p40
  158. ^ Exposition of the Divine Principle 1996 Translation Chapter 3 Eschatology and Human History, accessed September 3, 2010
  159. ^ Afghanistan: eight years of Soviet occupation, United States Department of State, March 1988, The campaign to target foreign journalists had more tragic results. Two American filmmakers, Lee Shapiro and Jim Lindelof, were apparently killed by a regime attack while traveling with the mujahidin. In 1986, Lindelof had been named paramedic of the year for his efforts training Afghan medical workers. In response to protests, Kabul stated it could not "guarantee the security of foreign subjects" who enter illegally, whose presence it views as "evidence" of "external interference."
  160. ^ 2 Americans killed in ambush, Pacific Stars and Stripes, October 29, 1987
  161. ^ From the Unification Church to the Unification Movement, 1994–1999: Five Years of Dramatic Changes Massimo Introvigne, Center for Studies on New Religions "The ceremony in Washington, D.C., included six "co-officiators" from other faiths, including controversial minister Louis Farrakhan from the Nation of Islam. The Blessing ceremony in Seoul on February 7, 1999 also featured seven co-officiators including Orthodox Rabbi Virgil Kranz (Chairman of the American Jewish Assembly), controversial Catholic Archbishop Emmanuel Milingo and the General Superintendent of the Church of God in Christ (a large African American Pentecostal denomination), Rev. T.L. Barrett."
  162. ^ Million Family March reaches out to all
  163. ^ Families Arrive in Washington For March Called by Farrakhan, New York Times, October 16, 2000
  164. ^ Yamamoto, J. I., 1995, Unification Church, Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan Publishing House ISBN 0-310-70381-6 (Excerpt:)
    "1. The Unification Theological Seminary
    a. The Unification Church has a seminary in Barrytown, New York called The Unification Theological Seminary.
    b. It is used as a theological training center, where members are prepared to be leaders and theologians in the church.
    c. Moon’s seminary, however, has not only attracted a respectable faculty (many of whom are not members of his church), but it also has graduated many students (who are members of his church) who have been accepted into doctoral programs at institutions such as Harvard and Yale."
  165. ^ Korean Moon: Waxing or Waning Leo Sandon Jr. Theology Today, July 1978, "The Unification Church purchased the estate and now administers a growing seminary where approximately 110 Moonies engage in a two-year curriculum which includes biblical studies, church history, philosophy, theology, religious education, and which leads to a Master of Religious Education degree."
  166. ^ Dialogue with the Moonies Rodney Sawatsky, Theology Today, April 1978. "Only a minority of their teachers are Unification devotees; a Jew teaches Old Testament, a Christian instructs in church history and a Presbyterian lectures in theology, and so on. Typical sectarian fears of the outsider are not found among Moonies; truth is one or at least must become one, and understanding can be delivered even by the uninitiated."
  167. ^ Where have all the Moonies gone? K. Gordon Neufeld, First Things, March 2008, "While I was studying theology, church history, and the Bible—taught by an eclectic faculty that included a rabbi, a Jesuit priest, and a Methodist minister—most of my young coreligionists were standing on street corners in San Francisco, Boston, and Miami urging strangers to attend a vaguely described dinner."
  168. ^ Helm, S. Divine Principle and the Second Advent Christian Century May 11, 1977 "In fact Moon’s adherents differ from previous fringe groups in their quite early and expensive pursuit of respectability, as evidenced by the scientific conventions they have sponsored in England and the U.S. and the seminary they have established in Barrytown, New York, whose faculty is composed not of their own group members but rather of respected Christian scholars."
  169. ^ Ghouse, Mike (February 21, 2012). "Commitment to Israel-Palestine, Part 2". Huffington Post.
  170. ^ "Fuero Militar Policial". Fmp.gob.pe. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  171. ^ [2]
  172. ^ [3]
  173. ^ Escrito por Imagen Institucional. "David Yamashiro Es Nombrado Embajador Para La Paz". Municportillo.gob.pe. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  174. ^ [4]
  175. ^ []
  176. ^ ": Espacio de Concertación – Dirección General de Desplazados y Cultura de Paz :". Mimdes.gob.pe. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  177. ^ "mk ´ş˝ş ĹëŔĎął źź°čşťşÎąłČ¸ ťő źşŔü, żëťężĄ żĎ°ř". News.mk.co.kr. 2010-02-18. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  178. ^ "International Day Of Peace 2009 Timeline". Dipity.com. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  179. ^ a b http://web.parliament.go.th/php4/radio/temp/news8688.doc
  180. ^ "Incontro per la settimana mondiale per l'armonia interreligiosa a Torino il 4 febbraio". Torinotoday.it. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  181. ^ "United Nations Webcast – "Common ground for the common good" on the occasion of the World Interfaith Harmony Week". Unmultimedia.org. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  182. ^ "Deputy Secretary-General, at Interfaith Harmony Week Event, Says Common Cause in Mutual Respect for Shared Values Is Only Way to Unite Nations, Peoples". Un.org. 2012-02-07. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  183. ^ "UN officials underline religions' role in promoting global harmony". Un.org. 2012-02-07. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  184. ^ "На основе Документов Google". Docs.google.com. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  185. ^ "На основе Документов Google". Docs.google.com. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  186. ^ "The Universal Peace Federation | Asia-Pacific Business and Technology Report". Biztechreport.com. 2012-04-19. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  187. ^ "평창 유치 최대 수혜자는 '통일교'? : Save Internet 뉴데일리". Newdaily.co.kr. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  188. ^ "< 코스피.코스닥 > 평창 테마주 하락세 | 연합뉴스" (in Template:Ko icon). Yonhapnews.co.kr. Retrieved 2012-05-23.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  189. ^ The Washington Post http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A6493-2003Sep13?language=printer. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  190. ^ INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS – INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS – Key Moon Unit Goes Into Default – NYTimes.com
  191. ^ Monica Eng, Delroy Alexander and David Jackson Sushi and Rev. Moon: How Americans' growing appetite for sushi is helping to support his controversial church, Chicago Tribune, 11 April 2006
  192. ^ http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNABB315.pdf
  193. ^ Tooth and Claw | CAA
  194. ^ "Panda Motor Gets Cash". Chicago Tribune. December 3, 1989.
  195. ^ Robertson, Allen (July 29, 2001). "DANCE; A Small Place Reaches for Ballet's Big Time". The New York Times.
  196. ^ "G뉴스플러스 :: 김지사 "아시아 최대 항공단지, 경기도에 우뚝서길"". Gnews.gg.go.kr. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  197. ^ Donald Kirk No, Not Yet.Palaver in Pyongyang doesn’t signal a northern manufacturing itch from Korea’s conglomerates. Forbes, 29 October 2007
  198. ^ Barbara Demick Who gave N. Korea those power tools?, Los Angeles Times 27 September 2008.
  199. ^ http://www.un.org/esa/coordination/ngo/pdf/INF_List.pdf
  200. ^ Africa Day 2010
  201. ^ "::: 뉴스천지 :::". Newscj.com. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  202. ^ "D데이, 증시는 이미 '평창'이 대세 :: 파이낸스투데이". Fntoday.co.kr. 2009-01-14. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  203. ^ "Cupress.com". Cupress.com. 2008-05-27. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  204. ^ [5][dead link]
  205. ^ "소방방재청 모바일 홈페이지". M.nema.go.kr. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  206. ^ "United Nations Sport for Development and Peace – Biography". Un.org. 2011-10-21. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  207. ^ "▒▒ 현대오일뱅크 K리그 2012 – 열정 놀이터 352 ▒▒". Kleague.com. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  208. ^ ":::: Korea Football Association ::::". Kfa.or.kr. 2011-01-14. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  209. ^ [6]
  210. ^ A 'Champions League' Lippi Guangzhou reach the quarter-finals in Asia
  211. ^ http://etrade.daegu.go.kr/co/foamtoilon/company_info.html
  212. ^ [7][dead link]
  213. ^ "Перечень предприятий". Bd-stanki.ru. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  214. ^ "통신 뉴스". Webcache.googleusercontent.com. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  215. ^ "사천시사 – 사천시사 – 연혁". Sisa.sacheon.go.kr. 2010-04-15. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  216. ^ SUB1. "요 약 문". Webcache.googleusercontent.com. Retrieved 2012-05-23.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  217. ^ "Korea Owns 455 Civil Aircraft". Koreatimes.co.kr. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  218. ^ "JetPhotos.Net » Members » Member Photo Stats". 209.85.120.99. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  219. ^ https://www.google.com/search?q=%22%28%EC%A3%BC%29%EC%9D%BC%EC%83%81%22+site:go.kr&hl=en&client=firefox&rls=org.mozilla:ru:official&noj=1&prmd=imvns&ei=OPexToPrKqXi2AWNuPTXCA&start=160&sa=N&biw=1372&bih=657
  220. ^ "농업뉴스". Ares.wando.go.kr. 2011-07-08. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  221. ^ http://sip.parlamento.gub.uy/htmlstat/sesiones/pdfs/camara/20040318d0011.pdf
  222. ^ The Search Engine that Does at InfoWeb.net
  223. ^ Ottawa Citizen – Google News Archive Search
  224. ^ "여행신문-Korea's No.1 Travel Trade Newspaper". Traveltimes.co.kr. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  225. ^ "북한선교 네트워크 구성된다:한국 교회의 나침반 뉴스파워". newspower.co.kr. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  226. ^ "'평양서 골프관광' 이르면 6월부터 : 국방·북한 : 정치 : 뉴스 : 한겨레". Hani.co.kr. 2008-03-13. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  227. ^ "NO.1 경제포털 :: 매일경제". Vip.mk.co.kr. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  228. ^ "'인바운드 항공기' 운항 활성화 물꼬텄다 :: 충청투데이 ::". Cctoday.co.kr. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  229. ^ "[의료관광]개원가 활발...종합병원은 주춤 ::: 건강을 위한 정직한 지식 – 코메디닷컴 :::". Kormedi.com. 2009-06-23. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  230. ^ http://agri.tongyeong.go.kr/ty/bbs/view.asp?p_bid=ag_news&p_category=&p_seq=462&p_gotopage=98&p_mode=
  231. ^ "J-GLOBAL – Inhibitory Effect of・・・ 【文献】". Jglobal.jst.go.jp. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  232. ^ "J-GLOBAL – Psychosocial Stress ・・・ 【文献】". Jglobal.jst.go.jp. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  233. ^ "J-GLOBAL – Inability of anti-as・・・ 【文献】". Jglobal.jst.go.jp. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  234. ^ [8][dead link]
  235. ^ Powered by Google Docs
  236. ^ "mk 뉴스 유니버설발레단, 해외 40여개 도시 순회공연". News.mk.co.kr. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  237. ^ "연합뉴스 : 바른언론 빠른뉴스" (in Template:Ko icon). Yonhapnews.co.kr. 2010-02-17. Retrieved 2012-05-23.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  238. ^ Widea.com.br (2012-01-17). "Reverendo Moon ainda sonha fincar os pés em MS | Cidades". Correio do Estado. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  239. ^ "Unification Church will hold seminars, not build boats near airport". Las Vegas Sun. March 8, 2012. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  240. ^ [9][dead link]
  241. ^ http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADO476.pdf
  242. ^ http://www.parliament.go.th/ewtadmin/ewt/parliament_parcy/ewt_w3c/ewt_dl_link.php?nid=15058
  243. ^ "Philippine Information Agency | The development communication arm of the Philippine government". PIA. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  244. ^ http://training.fema.gov/emiweb/downloads/Uni.pdf
  245. ^ "Government Information Agency | Guyana". GINA. 2008-09-21. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  246. ^ "The Royal Institute – Thailand". Royin.go.th. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  247. ^ "Discurso do(a) Deputado(a) PASTOR MANOEL FERREIRA, PTB-RJ em 01/12/2008 às 15:48". Camara.gov.br. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  248. ^ "UNO Tbilisi celebrates the International Day of Families". Unic.un.org. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  249. ^ by jalagno. "Dhaka". Unic.un.org. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  250. ^ "Ambassador Hamid Al Bayati". Un.int. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  251. ^ "Latest news". Unic.un.org. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  252. ^ "На основе Документов Google". Docs.google.com. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  253. ^ "Bilirakis Blog". Bilirakis.house.gov. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  254. ^ "Cornell CARP". Rso.cornell.edu. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  255. ^ "Cornell CARP". Rso.cornell.edu. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  256. ^ "Positive experiences with the Unification Church". The Daily Pennsylvanian. Thedp.com. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  257. ^ FAREZZA HANUM RASHID (2012-05-05). "Get on the ball, stay off the streets – Central – New Straits Times". Nst.com.my. Retrieved 2012-05-23. {{cite web}}: Text "KUALA LUMPUR" ignored (help); Text "streets@nstp.com.my" ignored (help)
  258. ^ "The mantle is passing to Hyun Jin Nim."
  259. ^ Unification Church pres sees smaller mass weddings, Daily Monitor, 2008-12-30
  260. ^ Massimo Introvigne, From the Unification Church to the Unification Movement, 1994–1999: Five Years of Dramatic Changes, 1999, Center for Studies on New Religions, "The issue of succession is now of fundamental importance. The Reverend Moon will be eighty years old (by Korean age calculations, he turned eighty in 1999) in 2000. Mrs. Moon is fifty-seven years old. Since 1992 she has taken a more visible role, particularly in three world speaking tours in 1992, 1993, and 1999. Mrs. Moon has also spoken on Capitol Hill, at the United Nations, and in other parliaments around the world. Her relative youth and the respect with which she is held by the membership may be a point of stability for the Unification movement. The ceremony to inaugurate the Reverend and Mrs. Moon's third son, Hyun Jin Moon, as vice president of the Family Federation for World Peace and Unification International (FFWPUI) on July 19, 1998, as well as his responsibility to educate the "second generation," denotes him as the successor. Hyun Jin Moon had represented the Republic of Korea in the Olympic equestrian event in 1988 and 1992. He graduated from the Harvard Business School with an M.B.A. in 1998. The Reverend Moon joked during his address that he is criticized for having "failed in business ventures, but now I have a son with an M.B.A. who will be successful in business." Hyun Jin Moon's blessing to Rev. Chung Hwan Kwak's (the Reverend Moon's assistant and former president of the FFWPUI) daughter, Jun Sook Kwak, is also a significant point of continuity"
  261. ^ Kim, Hyung-eun (April 12, 2010). "Business engine of a global faith". Joong Ang Daily.
  262. ^ a b Kirk, Donald (May 2, 2010). "Sons rise in a Moon's shadow". Forbes. Cite error: The named reference "fm2010" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  263. ^ Latest News Pictures Reuters.com
  264. ^ Sons Rise in a Moon Shadow, Forbes, April 12, 2010
  265. ^ Unification Church Woos A Second Generation, National Public Radio, June 23, 2010
  266. ^ Familyfed.org
  267. ^ Unification Church founder dies, Korea Herald, 2012-9-3

See also

Annotated bibliography

  • Bryant, M. Darrol, and Herbert Warren Richardson. 1978. A Time for consideration: a scholarly appraisal of the Unification Church. New York: E. Mellen Press. ISBN 978-0-88946-954-9
  • Tingle, D. and Fordyce, R. 1979, Phases and Faces of the Moon: A Critical Examination of the Unification Church and its Principles, Hicksville, NY: Exposition Press ISBN 0-682-49264-7
  • Kim, Young Oon, 1980, Unification Theology, Barrytown, NY: Unification Theological Seminary, Library of Congress Cataloging number 80-52872
  • Matczak, Sebastian, Unificationism: A New Philosophy and World View (Philosophical Questions Series, No 11) (1982) New York: Louvain. The author is a professor of philosophy and a Catholic priest. He taught at the Unification Theological Seminary.
  • Barker, Eileen, The Making of a Moonie: Choice or Brainwashing? (1984) Blackwell's, Oxford, UK ISBN 0-631-13246-5.
  • Durst, Mose. 1984. To bigotry, no sanction: Reverend Sun Myung Moon and the Unification Church. Chicago: Regnery Gateway. ISBN 978-0-89526-609-5
  • Bromley, David G. (September 1985). "Financing the Millennium: The Economic Structure of the Unificationist Movement". Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 24, No. 3 (Sep., 1985), pp. 24 (3). Blackwell Publishing on behalf of Society for the Scientific Study of Religion: 253–274. JSTOR 1385816. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  • Fichter, Joseph Henry. 1985. The holy family of father Moon. Kansas City, Mo: Leaven Press. ISBN 978-0-934134-13-2
  • Gullery, Jonathan. 1986. The Path of a pioneer: the early days of Reverend Sun Myung Moon and the Unification Church. New York: HSA Publications. ISBN 978-0-910621-50-2
  • Biermans, J. 1986, The Odyssey of New Religious Movements, Persecution, Struggle, Legitimation: A Case Study of the Unification Church Lewiston, New York and Queenston, Ontario: The Edwin Melton Press ISBN 0-88946-710-2
  • Sherwood, Carlton. 1991. Inquisition: The Persecution and Prosecution of the Reverend Sun Myung Moon. Washington, D.C.: Regnery Gateway. ISBN 978-0-89526-532-6
  • Chryssides, George D., The Advent of Sun Myung Moon: The Origins, Beliefs and Practices of the Unification Church (1991) London, Macmillan Professional and Academic Ltd. The author is professor of religious studies at the University of Wolverhampton, United Kingdom.
  • Yamamoto, J. Isamu, 1995, Unification Church, Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan ISBN 0-310-70381-6
  • Hong, Nansook, In the Shadow of the Moons: My Life in the Reverend Sun Myung Moon's Family. Little Brown & Company; ISBN 0-316-34816-3; (August 1998).
  • Introvigne, M., 2000, The Unification Church, Signature Books, ISBN 1-56085-145-7
  • Ward, Thomas J. 2006, March to Moscow: the role of the Reverend Sun Myung Moon in the collapse of communism. St. Paul, Minn: Paragon House. ISBN 978-1-885118-16-5
  • Hickey, Patrick 2009, Tahoe Boy: A journey back home. John, Maryland: Seven Locks Press. ISBN 0-9822293-6-4 ISBN 978-0982229361
  • Moon, Sun Myung, 2009, As a Peace-Loving Global Citizen. Gimm-Young Publishers ISBN 0-7166-0299-7
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Unification_Movement_International&oldid=517301219"