Ribosomal protein
This article needs additional citations for verification. (October 2011) |
Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L31 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Identifiers | |||||||||
Symbol | L31 | ||||||||
Pfam | PF09784 | ||||||||
InterPro | IPR016340 | ||||||||
PROSITE | PDOC00880 | ||||||||
SCOP2 | 1m90 / SCOPe / SUPFAM | ||||||||
|
A ribosomal protein is any of the proteins that, in conjunction with rRNA, make up the ribosomal subunits involved in the cellular process of translation. A large part of the knowledge about these organic molecules has come from the study of E. coli ribosomes. Most ribosomal proteins have been isolated and specific antibodies have been produced. These, together with electronic microscopy and the use of certain reactives, have allowed for the determination of the topography of the proteins in the ribosome.
Proteins in E. coli ribosomes
The ribosome of E. coli has about 22 proteins in the small subunit (labelled S1 to S22) and 34 proteins in the large subunit (L1 to L36). All of them are different with three exceptions: one protein is found in both subunits (S20 and L26), L7 and L12 are acetylated and methylated forms of the same protein, and L8 is a complex of L7/L12 and L10. In addition, L31 is known to exist in two forms, the full length at 7.9 kilodaltons (kDa) and fragmented at 7.0 kDa. This is why the number of proteins in a ribosome is of 56. Except for S1 (with a molecular weight of 61.2 kDa), the other proteins range in weight between 4.4 and 29.7 kDa.[1]
Disposition in the small ribosomal subunit
In the small (30S) subunit of E. coli ribosomes, the proteins denoted S4, S7, S8, S15, S17, S20 bind independently to 16S rRNA. After assembly of these primary binding proteins, S5, S6, S9, S12, S13, S16, S18, and S19 bind to the growing ribosome. These proteins also potentiate the addition of S2, S3, S10, S11, S14, and S21. Protein binding to helical junctions is important for initiating the correct tertiary fold of RNA and to organize the overall structure. Nearly all the proteins contain one or more globular domains. Moreover, nearly all contain long extensions that can contact the RNA in far-reaching regions. Additional stabilization results from the proteins' basic residues, as these neutralize the charge repulsion of the RNA backbone. Protein-protein interactions also exist to hold structure together by electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions. Theoretical investigations pointed to correlated effects of protein-binding onto binding affinities during the assembly process [2]
Table of Human small Ribosomal subunits
Subunit No. | Subunit name | Human protein | Pfam family with Human protein | Pfam family description
|
---|---|---|---|---|
2 | ribosomal protein S2 | RS2_HUMAN | PF03719 | Ribosomal protein S5, C-terminal domain |
2 | ribosomal protein S2 | RS2_HUMAN | PF00333 | Ribosomal protein S5, N-terminal domain |
3 | ribosomal protein S3 | RS3_HUMAN | PF00189 | Ribosomal protein S3, C-terminal domain |
3a | ribosomal protein S3a | RS3A_HUMAN | PF01015 | Ribosomal S3Ae family |
4 | ribosomal protein S4, X isoform | RS4X_HUMAN | PF08071 | RS4NT (NUC023) domain |
4 | ribosomal protein S4, X isoform | RS4X_HUMAN | PF01479 | S4 domain |
4 | ribosomal protein S4, X isoform | RS4X_HUMAN | PF00900 | Ribosomal family S4e |
4 | ribosomal protein S4, X isoform | RS4X_HUMAN | PF16121 | 40S ribosomal protein S4 C-terminus |
4 | ribosomal protein S4, Y isoform 1 | RS4Y1_HUMAN | PF08071 | RS4NT (NUC023) domain |
4 | ribosomal protein S4, Y isoform 1 | RS4Y1_HUMAN | PF00900 | Ribosomal family S4e |
4 | ribosomal protein S4, Y isoform 1 | RS4Y1_HUMAN | PF16121 | 40S ribosomal protein S4 C-terminus |
4 | ribosomal protein S4, Y isoform 2 | RS4Y2_HUMAN | PF08071 | RS4NT (NUC023) domain |
4 | ribosomal protein S4, Y isoform 2 | RS4Y2_HUMAN | PF00900 | Ribosomal family S4e |
4 | ribosomal protein S4, Y isoform 2 | RS4Y2_HUMAN | PF16121 | 40S ribosomal protein S4 C-terminus |
5 | ribosomal protein S5 | RS5_HUMAN | PF00177 | Ribosomal protein S7p/S5e |
6 | ribosomal protein S6 | RS6_HUMAN | PF01092 | Ribosomal protein S6e |
7 | ribosomal protein S7 | RS7_HUMAN | PF01251 | Ribosomal protein S7e |
8 | ribosomal protein S8 | RS8_HUMAN | PF01201 | Ribosomal protein S8e |
9 | ribosomal protein S9 | RS9_HUMAN | PF01479 | S4 domain |
9 | ribosomal protein S9 | RS9_HUMAN | PF00163 | Ribosomal protein S4/S9 N-terminal domain |
10 | ribosomal protein S10 | RS10_HUMAN | PF03501 | Plectin/S10 domain |
11 | ribosomal protein S11 | RS11_HUMAN | PF16205 | Ribosomal_S17 N-terminal |
11 | ribosomal protein S11 | RS11_HUMAN | PF00366 | Ribosomal protein S17 |
12 | ribosomal protein S12 | RS12_HUMAN | PF01248 | Ribosomal protein L7Ae/L30e/S12e/Gadd45 family |
13 | ribosomal protein S13 | RS13_HUMAN | PF08069 | Ribosomal S13/S15 N-terminal domain |
13 | ribosomal protein S13 | RS13_HUMAN | PF00312 | Ribosomal protein S15 |
14 | ribosomal protein S14 | RS14_HUMAN | PF00411 | Ribosomal protein S11 |
15 | ribosomal protein S15 | RS15_HUMAN | PF00203 | Ribosomal protein S19 |
15a | ribosomal protein S15a | RS15A_HUMAN | PF00410 | Ribosomal protein S8 |
16 | ribosomal protein S16 | RS16_HUMAN | PF00380 | Ribosomal protein S9/S16 |
17 | ribosomal protein S17 | RS17_HUMAN | PF00833 | Ribosomal S17 |
18 | ribosomal protein S18 | RS18_HUMAN | PF00416 | Ribosomal protein S13/S18 |
19 | ribosomal protein S19 | RS19_HUMAN | PF01090 | Ribosomal protein S19e |
20 | ribosomal protein S20 | RS20_HUMAN | PF00338 | Ribosomal protein S10p/S20e |
21 | ribosomal protein S21 | RS21_HUMAN | PF01249 | Ribosomal protein S21e |
23 | ribosomal protein S23 | RS23_HUMAN | PF00164 | Ribosomal protein S12/S23 |
24 | ribosomal protein S24 | RS24_HUMAN | PF01282 | Ribosomal protein S24e |
25 | ribosomal protein S25 | RS25_HUMAN | PF03297 | S25 ribosomal protein |
26 | ribosomal protein S26 | RS26_HUMAN | PF01283 | Ribosomal protein S26e |
27 | ribosomal protein S27 | RS27_HUMAN | PF01667 | Ribosomal protein S27 |
28 | ribosomal protein S28 | RS28_HUMAN | PF01200 | Ribosomal protein S28e |
29 | ribosomal protein S29 | RS29_HUMAN | PF00253 | Ribosomal protein S14p/S29e |
30 | ribosomal protein S30 | RS30_HUMAN | PF04758 | Ribosomal protein S30 |
A | ribosomal protein SA | RSSA_HUMAN | PF16122 | 40S ribosomal protein SA C-terminus |
A | ribosomal protein SA | RSSA_HUMAN | PF00318 | Ribosomal protein S2 |
See also
References
- ^ Arnold RJ, Reilly JP. (1999) "Observation of Escherichia coli ribosomal proteins and their posttranslational modifications by mass spectrometry." Anal Biochem. v269(1): pp 105-12. PMID 10094780
- ^ Hamacher K, Trylska J, McCammon JA. (2006) "Dependency Map of Proteins in the Small Ribosomal Subunit." PLoS Comput. Biol. v2(2): e10. PMID 16485038
- De Robertis and De Robertis, Biología Celular y Molecular 10th ed., El Ateneo, Buenos Aires, 1982, ISBN 950-02-0027-9 (in Spanish)
- Monika Martick, Lucas H. Horan, Harry F. Noller and William G. Scott. A discontinuous hammerhead ribozyme embedded in a mammalian messenger RNA. doi:10.1038/nature07117
External links
- 30S Ribosomal proteins at biochem.umd.edu
- Ribosomal+Protein at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)