4 × 100 metres relay
| Athletics 4 × 100 metres relay | |
|---|---|
 The finish at the Rio 2016 Olympics | |
| World records | |
| Men |  Jamaica (Nesta Carter, Michael Frater, Yohan Blake, Usain Bolt) 36.84 (2012) |
| Women |  United States (Tianna Bartoletta, Allyson Felix, Bianca Knight, Carmelita Jeter) 40.82 (2012) |
| Olympic records | |
| Men | Jamaica (Nesta Carter, Michael Frater, Yohan Blake, Usain Bolt) 36.84 (2012) |
| Women | United States (Tianna Bartoletta, Allyson Felix, Bianca Knight, Carmelita Jeter) 40.82 (2012) |
| World Championship records | |
| Men | Jamaica (Nesta Carter, Michael Frater, Yohan Blake, Usain Bolt) 37.04 (2011) |
| Women | Jamaica (Veronica Campbell-Brown, Natasha Morrison, Elaine Thompson, Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce) 41.07 (2015) |
The 4 × 100 metres relay or sprint relay is an athletics track event run in lanes over one lap of the track with four runners completing 100 metres each. The first runners must begin in the same stagger as for the individual 400 m race. A relay baton is carried by each runner. Prior to 2018, the baton had to be passed within a 20 m changeover box, preceded by a 10-metre acceleration zone. With a rule change effective November 1, 2017 that zone was modified to include the acceleration zone as part of the passing zone, making the entire zone 30 metres in length. The outgoing runner cannot touch the baton until it has entered the zone, the incoming runner cannot touch the baton after it has left the zone. The zone is usually marked in yellow, frequently using lines, triangles or chevrons. While the rule book specifies the exact positioning of the marks, the colors and style are only "recommended". While most legacy tracks will still have the older markings, the rule change still uses existing marks.[1] Not all governing body jurisdictions have adopted the rule change.
Transfer of the baton in this race is typically blind. The outgoing runner reaches a straight arm backwards when they enter the changeover box, or when the incoming runner makes a verbal signal. The outgoing runner does not look backwards, and it is the responsibility of the incoming runner to thrust the baton into the outstretched hand, and not let go until the outgoing runner takes hold of it without crossing the changeover box and to stop after baton is exchanged.[2][3] Runners on the first and third legs typically run on the inside of the lane with the baton in their right hand, while runners on the second and fourth legs take the baton in their left. Polished handovers can compensate for a lack of basic speed to some extent, and disqualification for dropping the baton or failing to transfer it within the box is common, even at the highest level.[4]
The United States men and women historically dominated this event through the 20th century, winning the most Olympic gold medals and the most IAAF world championships. Carl Lewis ran the anchor leg on U.S. relay teams that set six world records from 1983 to 1992, including the first team to break 38 seconds.
The current men's world record stands at 36.84, set by the Jamaican team at the final of the 2012 London Olympic Games on 11 August 2012. As the only team to break 37 seconds to date, Jamaica has been the dominant team in the sport, winning two consecutive Olympic Gold Medals as well as four consecutive World Championships. The previous record was 37.04 seconds as set by the Jamaican team at the 2011 World Championships.
The fastest electronically timed anchor leg run is 8.65 seconds by Usain Bolt at the 2015 IAAF World Relays, while [5] Bob Hayes was hand-timed as running 8.7 seconds on a cinder track in the 1964 Tokyo Games Final. The Tokyo Games also had electronic timing; upon video review, Hayes ran 8.6 seconds in the final and an astonishing 8.5 seconds in the semi-final.[6]
The women's world record stands at 40.82 seconds, set by the United States in 2012 at the London Olympics. The fastest anchor leg run by a woman is 9.70 by Carmelita Jeter.
According to the IAAF rules, world records in relays can only be set if all team members have the same nationality.
All-time top 10 by country
| Ratified by the IAAF | |
| Not ratified | |
| Ratified but later rescinded |
Men
Women
All-time top 25
| Ratified by the IAAF | |
| Not ratified | |
| Ratified but later rescinded |
Men
Women
Olympic Games medalists
Men
Note: * Indicates athletes who ran in preliminary rounds and also received medals.
Women
Note: * Indicates athletes who ran in preliminary rounds and also received medals.
- nb Note: Marion Jones was stripped of all her Olympic medals.
- In 2008 the Russian team of Evgeniya Polyakova, Aleksandra Fedoriva, Yulia Gushchina, and Yuliya Chermoshanskaya were initially awarded the gold medals. However, the medals were rescinded in 2016 following disqualification of Chermoshanskaya for use of performance-enhancing drugs.[27]
World Championships medalists
Men
Note * Indicates athletes who ran only in the preliminary round and also received medals.
- 4x100m dq1 The Nigerian team of Innocent Asonze, Francis Obikwelu, Daniel Effiong and Deji Aliu originally finished third in the 1999 World Championship, but were disqualified after Asonze was found to have used performance-enhancing drugs.
- 4x100m dq2 The United States team of Mickey Grimes, Bernard Williams, Dennis Mitchell and Tim Montgomery originally won the 2001 World Championship in a time of 37.96 seconds, but were disqualified after Montgomery admitted to drug use as a result of the BALCO scandal in 2005.
- 4x100m dq3 The British team of Christian Malcolm, Darren Campbell, Marlon Devonish and Dwain Chambers originally finished second in the 2003 World Championship, but were disqualified after Chambers was found to have used performance-enhancing drugs.
Medals by country
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  United States (USA) |
9 | 3 | 0 | 12 |
| 2 | Jamaica (JAM) |
4 | 1 | 2 | 7 |
| 3 |  Canada (CAN) |
3 | 0 | 3 | 6 |
| 4 |  Great Britain (GBR) |
1 | 3 | 6 | 10 |
| 5 |  France (FRA) |
1 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| 6 |  South Africa (RSA) |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 7 |  Trinidad and Tobago (TTO) |
0 | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 8 |  Italy (ITA) |
0 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| 9 |  Australia (AUS) |
0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
 Brazil (BRA) |
0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
 Soviet Union (URS) |
0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
| 12 |  Nigeria (NGR) |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
 China (CHN) |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| 14 |  Japan (JPN) |
0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 15 |  Netherlands (NED) |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
 Saint Kitts and Nevis (SKN) |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Women
Note * Indicates athletes who ran only in the preliminary round and also received medals.
- dq1 The United States team of Kelli White, Chryste Gaines, Inger Miller, and Marion Jones originally won the 2001 World Championship in a time of 41.71 seconds, but were disqualified after Jones and White were found to have used performance-enhancing drugs.
See also
- Men's 4 × 100 metres relay world record progression
- Women's 4 × 100 metres relay world record progression
- Italy national relays team at the international athletics championships
- List of fastest anchor legs
Notes and references
- ^ https://www.iaaf.org/about-iaaf/documents/rules-regulations IAAF rulebook Rule 170
- ^ Price, Satchel. "How do track relay handoffs work?". SB Nation. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
- ^ "Keys to secure a smooth baton handoff". Human Kinetics. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
- ^ Ellis, Aaron. "Why Do Baton Drops Happen So Often in Professional Relay Races?". Huffington post. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
- ^ http://www.alltime-athletics.com/m4x100ok.htm
- ^ http://sports.espn.go.com/oly/summer08/fanguide/athlete?athlete=5325
- ^ "All-time men's best 4 × 100m Relay". IAAF. 13 August 2017. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
- ^ "All-time men's best 4×100m Relay". alltime-athletics.com. 27 July 2019. Retrieved 28 July 2019.
- ^ "The XXX Olympic Games - 4x100 metres Relay Men Final - Results". IAAF. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f "4×100m Relay Men − Final − Results" (PDF). IAAF. 5 October 2019. Retrieved 6 October 2019.
- ^ 2019 Heats
- ^ 2019 Heats
- ^ "All-time women's best 4 × 100m Relay". IAAF. 24 August 2019. Retrieved 19 August 2017.
- ^ "All-time women's best 4×100m Relay". alltime-athletics.com. 21 July 2019. Retrieved 28 July 2019.
- ^ "All-time men's best 4 × 100m Relay". IAAF. 13 August 2017. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
- ^ "All-time men's best 4×100m Relay". alltime-athletics.com. 27 July 2019. Retrieved 28 July 2019.
- ^ "The XXX Olympic Games - 4x100 metres Relay Men Final - Results". IAAF. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
- ^ "4×100m Relay Men − Final − Results" (PDF). IAAF. 5 October 2019. Retrieved 6 October 2019.
- ^ "4×100m Relay Results" (PDF). IAAF. 12 August 2017. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
- ^ "4×100m Relay Results" (PDF). IAAF. 12 August 2017. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
- ^ "4×100m Relay Round 1 Results" (PDF). IAAF. 4 October 2019. Retrieved 5 October 2019.
- ^ "All-time women's best 4 × 100m Relay". IAAF. 19 August 2017. Retrieved 19 August 2017.
- ^ "All-time women's best 4×100m Relay". alltime-athletics.com. 21 July 2019. Retrieved 28 July 2019.
- ^ "4×400m Relay Women − Final − Results" (PDF). IAAF. 5 October 2019. Retrieved 6 October 2019.
- ^ On 25 January 2017, the Jamaican team was stripped of the gold medal due to Nesta Carter testing positive for the prohibited substance methylhexaneamine. The IOC requested that the IAAF modify the results, and, after CAS dismissed Carter's appeal, the medals were redistributed accordingly. Trinidad and Tobago team was advanced to gold, Japan to silver, and Brazil to bronze.
- ^ On 18 February 2022, the British team was stripped of the silver medal due to CJ Ujah testing positive for the prohibited substances ostarine and S-23. After the medals were redistributed, Italy retained the gold medal, while the Canadian team advanced to silver and the Chinese team advanced to bronze.
- ^ IOC sanctions Yulia Chermoshanskaya for failing anti-doping test at Beijing 2008
External links
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