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This article is about the television network. For its parent company, see ABS-CBN Corporation.
ABS-CBN
TypeBroadcast television network
BrandingThe Kapamilya Network (Kapamilya is a Tagalog word for a family member.)
Country
Philippines
AvailabilityNational
FoundedOctober 23, 1953; 71 years ago (1953-10-23)
by James Lindenberg
Antonio Quirino
Eugenio Lopez, Sr.
Fernando Lopez
TV stationsList of ABS-CBN TV stations
44% (FY 2015 Kantar media research)
HeadquartersABS-CBN Broadcasting Center, Diliman, Quezon City
OwnerABS-CBN Corporation
Key people
Carlo Katigbak (President and chief executive officer)
Maria Socorro Vidanes (Chief operating officer for broadcast)
Malou Santos (Chief operating officer for Star Creatives)
Charo Santos-Concio (Chief content officer)
Laurenti Dyogi (Head of TV Production division)
Launch date
October 23, 1953 (first air date)
November 1966 (Color television)
February 11, 2015 (DTT)
October 3, 2015 (HDTV)
Former names
Alto Broadcasting System (ABS)
Chronicle Broadcasting Network (CBN)
Picture format
NTSC 480i (SDTV)
NTSC 1080i (HDTV)
Sister network
ABS-CBN Sports + Action
Official website
www.abs-cbn.com

ABS-CBN (an initialism of the network's former names, Alto Broadcasting System - Chronicle Broadcasting Network) is a Filipino commercial broadcast television network that is the flagship property of ABS-CBN Corporation, a company under Lopez Group. The network is headquartered at the ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center in Quezon City, with additional offices and production facilities in 25 major cities including Iloilo, Cebu, and Davao. ABS-CBN is formally referred to as "The Kapamilya Network", a Filipino word which means a member of a family, and was originally introduced in 2003 during the celebration of the 50th year anniversary of Philippine television. It is the largest television network in the country in terms of revenues, assets, and international coverage.

ABS-CBN is the oldest television broadcaster in Southeast Asia and one of the oldest commercial television broadcaster in Asia. It is also the leading television network in the Philippines with advertising revenues of 21.2 billion pesos for the fiscal year of 2015.[1][2][3][4][5] ABS-CBN's first ever television broadcast was on October 23, 1953 as Alto Broadcasting System (ABS) on DZAQ-TV, just 3 months after the first broadcast of Japan's Nippon Television. It is also the first television network in Southeast Asia to broadcast in color, the first television network in the Philippines to formally launch a digital terrestrial television service, and the first broadcast television network in the Philippines to formally launch in high-definition.

Today, the flagship television station of ABS-CBN is DWWX-TV (ABS-CBN TV-2 Manila). The network operates across the Philippine archipelago through its ABS-CBN Regional division which controls 80 television stations.[1][6] Its programs are also available outside the Philippines through the global subscription television channel The Filipino Channel (TFC) which is now available in over three million paying households worldwide as well as terrestrially in Guam through KEQI-LP. Since 2011, the network is on test broadcast for digital terrestrial television using the Japanese standard ISDB-T in select areas in the Philippines. On October 3, 2015, ABS-CBN started to broadcast in high-definition on cable and with the launch of SkyCable's direct-broadcast satellite television service Sky Direct, ABS-CBN HD is now beamed throughout the entire country.[7]

History

Scene from What every Woman Knows on Family Theater of Fr. Patrick Peyton, CSC, a live stage drama aired on ABS-CBN in the Philippines in 1962. Center is Jaime Zóbel de Ayala, who acted in his younger years and later becoming the chairman of Ayala Corporation.

ABS-CBN traces its history to the first Philippine television station DZAQ-TV, owned by Bolinao Electronics Corporation (BEC) which was later renamed Alto Broadcasting System (ABS).

James Lindenberg, owner of BEC, was the first to apply for a license to the Philippine Congress to establish a television station in 1949. His request was granted on 14 June 1950. Because of the strict import controls and the lack of raw materials needed to open a TV station in the Philippines during the mid-20th century, Lindenberg branched to radio broadcasting instead.[8]

Judge Antonio Quirino, brother of former President Elpidio Quirino, also tried to apply for a license to Congress, but was denied. He later purchased stocks from BEC and subsequently gained the controlling stock to rename the company from BEC to Alto Broadcasting System (ABS).

DZAQ-TV began commercial television operations on 23 October 1953; the first fully licensed commercial television station in the Philippines. The first program to air was a garden party at the Quirino residence in Sitio Alto, San Juan. After the premiere telecast, the station followed a four-hour-a-day schedule, from six to ten in the evening.[8]

In 1955, Manila Chronicle owner Eugenio Lopez, Sr. and former Vice President Fernando Lopez, acquired a radio-TV franchise from the Congress and immediately established Chronicle Broadcasting Network (CBN) in 1956. On 24 February 1957 Lopez invited Judge Quirino to his house for breakfast and ABS was bought under a contract written on a table napkin. The corporate name was reverted to Bolinao Electronics Corporation immediately after the purchase of ABS.[8]

With the establishment of DZXL-TV 9 of CBN in 1956, the Lopez brothers controlled both television channels in the archipelago, culminating in the first wave of expansion. The monopoly in television was broken in 1961, when DZBB-TV 7 was established by the Republic Broadcasting System (now GMA Network, Inc.) (RBS), owned by Robert Stewart, on the same year it launched the nation's first regional and provincial television station in Cebu City on 24 July.[8]

In 1967, the company was renamed ABS–CBN Broadcasting Corporation. This company became the formal merger of the two stations DZAQ-TV 3 (ABS) and DZXL-TV 9 (CBN).

In 1966, ABS-CBN became the first TV network to broadcast certain shows in color and by 18 December 1968, ABS-CBN opened its present-day Broadcast Center complex in Bohol Avenue, Quezon City. It was among the most advanced broadcasting facility of its kind in Asia. Full color broadcasts began in 1971 (8 hours a day) on ABS-CBN 2 with the availability of more color television sets around Manila and neighboring municipalities and cities.[8]

In 1969, DZAQ-TV transferred to channel 2 (which remains as the current positioning frequency of the flagship station in Metro Manila), while its sister station DZXL-TV transferred to channel 4. This frequency adjustment was done to make room for Kanlaon Broadcasting System (now Radio Philippines Network) to occupy the channel 9 frequency.

The ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center in Diliman, Quezon City, the headquarters of ABS-CBN.

When then President Ferdinand Marcos declared martial law in 1972, the station was forced to shut down. The company was seized from the Lopez brothers and its newly built Broadcast Center became the home of state-run TV stations Banahaw Broadcasting Corporation (BBC Channel 2, with call sign changed to DWWX-TV), Government Television (GTV Channel 4, with call sign changed to DWGT-TV and later renamed MBS-4), Kanlaon Broadcasting System (KBS Channel 9) and Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation (IBC Channel 13).[8]

The long hibernation of the station ended on February 1986. As the EDSA revolt broke out in the eighties, and Marcos' grip on power debilitated, the reformists in the military contended the broadcasting network would be a vital asset for victory. Thus, at 10 AM on February 24, they attacked and took the ABS-CBN Broadcast Center that was then the home of MBS-4.[8]

When Marcos was deposed, the network was sequestered and returned Channel 2 to the Lopezes but not Channel 4. On 14 September 1986, ABS-CBN went back on the air, broadcasting from what used to be their main garage at Broadcast Center in the pre-Martial Law days. The network was forced to share space in the building that was rightfully their own with the government TV station Channel 4. At the time, money had been scarce while resources were limited; offices were used as dressing rooms and other equipment such as chairs, tables, and phones were in short supply.[8]

In late 1986, the network was faltering, ranking last among the five stations in the Philippines and was suffering heavy losses. Eugenio "Geny" Lopez Jr. by early 1987 brought in programming whiz and ABS-CBN veteran Freddie Garcia, then working for GMA Network, and set him loose to work his magic touch.

Six months later on 1 March 1987, Channel 2 was relaunched with the live musical special, "The Star Network: Ang Pagbabalik Ng Bituin" (The Return of the Star). In 1988, ABS-CBN was topping the Mega Manila ratings, a position it had never relinquished for 16 years.

Later that year, the station launched nationwide domestic satellite programming and by 1994, expanded its operations worldwide. In 1999, Channel 2 launched its 120-kilowatt Millennium Transmitter, resulting in improved signal quality throughout Mega Manila.

In 2005, ABS-CBN re-upgraded its transmitter into a very high capacity of 346.2 kilowatts resulting on a much clearer signal in Metro Manila.

During the historic 2010 Philippine presidential election, in response to the first automation of the election in the country, ABS-CBN utilized a technology from Orad Hi Tech Systems Ltd. that utilizes the principles of augmented reality.[9] The technology uses real-time image processing system for live broadcasts of 3D computer-generated imagery against a real set or background. ABS-CBN also utilized what is probably the biggest touch screen display to be used in a Philippine television show. A new set dubbed as the "WAR" (Wireless Audience Response) room was specifically designed for the said election coverage.[10] The coverage of ABS-CBN became the third top trending topic worldwide on the social networking site Twitter.[11][12]

Regional Network Group

Main article: List of ABS-CBN Corporation channels and stations
ABS-CBN logo (January 1, 2000 - December 31, 2013)

The Regional Network Group (RNG) is the provincial network subsidiary of ABS-CBN. It is responsible for simultaneously airing most of the shows seen on ABS-CBN's flagship station in the provinces. The Regional Network Group has several stations in each region outside Mega Manila to ensure nationwide coverage. The local stations also produce their own newscasts which air prior to TV Patrol and other local programming which air on Sundays. Regional Network Group (RNG) glorified its roots while reaching out wider audience in 2007, consistently building on local content and developing infrastructure to deliver better service and cement its position as the top-rating regional network in the country. Regional versions of favorite TV shows were created, enabling ABS-CBN to reach out and connect with wider audiences worldwide. The launch of the local game show Kapamilya Winner Ka! (now renamed as Kapamilya, Mas Winner Ka!) in the Visayas and Mindanao. Gandang Umaga, Pilipinas in Northern Luzon, and the 17th local TV Patrol in Southern Tagalog (Region IV-A & IV-B), provided more relevance to regional audiences. On 29 January 2011, Charie Villa was appointed as the new head of RNG.[13] On 15 April 2011, RNG launched ChoosePhilippines, a new website aimed to promote tourism in the Philippines by sharing photos and stories of the most extravagant places, culture, and arts of the Philippine island.[14]

Programming

Main article: List of programs broadcast by ABS-CBN

The majority of the programs shown on the network are created by ABS-CBN Corporation's Entertainment Group division. ABS-CBN Entertainment Group is responsible for original programs ranging from musical and variety shows, showbiz, lifestyle, and comedy talk shows, comedy and gag shows, and sitcoms. Original and adapted TV series and mini-series are produced by either Dreamscape Entertainment Television or Star Creatives which are still both under ABS-CBN while news, public service, and documentary shows are produced by ABS-CBN News and by other independent production outfits. ABS-CBN also acquires and syndicates program formats from abroad most of which are reality shows. The remaining airtime of ABS-CBN is dedicated to acquired foreign programs from abroad most of which are animation from Japan and United States and movies and TV series from the Philippines, United States, Hong Kong and other Asian countries. ABS-CBN also shows TV specials, sporting and awarding events.

Digital transition

Digital terrestrial television

Main article: ABS-CBN TV Plus
An ABS-CBN news van in front of the Office of the Ombudsman building.

ABS-CBN Corporation initially applied for a license from the National Telecommunications Commission to operate a digital terrestrial television service in the country back in 2007.[15] ABS-CBN planned to utilize multiplex to offer ABS-CBN, ABS-CBN Sports+Action and 5 additional specialty TV channels. The conglomerate is expected to spend at least 1 billion pesos annually for the next 5 years for its DTT transition.[16] ABS-CBN utilized UHF channel 51 Manila (695.143 MHz), later UHF Channel 43(647.143 MHz), for test broadcasts in the DVB-T format. ABS-CBN was expected to begin digital test broadcasts in January 2009.[15][17]

In June 2010, the NTC announced that it would formally adopt the Japanese standard ISDB-T for digital broadcasting and issued a circular commanding all the country's television networks to switch-off their analog services on 31 December 2015 at 11:59 p.m. Philippine Standard Time (UTC+8).[18] But due to delay of the release of the implementing rules and regulations for digital television broadcast, the target date was moved to 2020.[19]

In April 2011, the conglomerate announced further details about its DTT plans, which would offer ABS-CBN and Studio 23 (currently ABS-CBN Sports+Action). In addition, four new channels which will be exclusively available to its digital users will be offered once the digital broadcast start. The specialty TV channel line-up will include one news channel, one youth-oriented channel, an educational channel, and a movie channel. The conglomerate is also planning to utilize the 1seg (one segment) broadcast standard for handheld devices.[20][21][22][23]

In September 2014, ABS-CBN soft-launched its DTT service started selling ISDB-T receivers in selected barangays in Metro Manila under Sky TV+ brand. Later, it was rebranded as ABS-CBN TVplus.[24]

On February 11, 2015, ABS-CBN formally launched its DTT service under the name ABS-CBN TVplus in a formal switch-over ceremony held at the ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center. The ABS-CBN TVplus service has four exclusive TV channels which are free of charged, these are movie channel Cine Mo!, news channel DZMM TeleRadyo, educational channel Knowledge Channel, and kids channel Yey!. In addition to ABS-CBN and ABS-CBN Sports + Action, all non-encrypted digital terrestrial broadcast within the area is also carried by the service. ABS-CBN TVplus also provides pay per view, EWBS, and BML services. As of September 2015, ABS-CBN TVplus has sold over half a million units of its set-top boxes.

High-definition television

File:ABS-CBNHD.png
The logo of ABS-CBN HD.

In 2007, ABS-CBN produced the first ever Filipino TV series to be shot in high-definition. This was Rounin, a science fiction, fantasy series created by Erik Matti. This was followed by Budoy in 2011. Prior to this, big budget series like Esperanza, Mula Sa Puso, Pangako Sa 'Yo, and Kay Tagal Kang Hinintay were shot in 16mm film with a 4:3 aspect ratios while low budget series on the other hand were shot in smaller formats. Beginning with Be Careful With My Heart in 2012, all of ABS-CBN's TV series were all produced in high-definition format. Ningning is the first Filipino TV series to be broadcast in HD on October 5, 2015 while Maalaala Mo Kaya is the first mini-series to do so the day before. On the other hand, the first ever locally produced live entertainment program to be broadcast in HD is the musical variety show ASAP on October 4, 2015.

On April 19, 2009, Sony announced the acquisition of ABS-CBN of 24 units of its Sony high-definition professional video cameras through a press release published on Sony's official website.[25] On July 11, 2009, ABS-CBN launched a high definition feed of Balls in SkyCable under the name Balls HD, the first local high-definition TV channel in the history of Philippine television. In the same day, Balls HD broadcast the first locally produced coverage of an event in high-definition, the UAAP Season 72 basketball game which was produced by ABS-CBN Sports.[26][27] In addition, two of its three news helicopters are capable of transmitting high-definition live feeds from its 5 axis gimbal HD camera mounted on the aircraft.[28]

On April 20, 2010, Ikegami, a Japanese manufacturer of professional and broadcast television equipment announced the acquisition of ABS-CBN of 75 units of Ikegami high-definition professional video cameras for electronic news gathering.[29]

On October 3, 2015, ABS-CBN launched a high-definition feed in SkyCable and Destiny Cable under the name ABS-CBN HD. This marked the Philippines' first commercial television network to be launched in high-definition. The said channel will broadcast selected shows of ABS-CBN in true high-definition picture while the remaining shows will be broadcast in upscaled standard definition picture with pillarbox to preserve its original 4:3 aspect ratio.[30] ABS-CBN HD is now available to Sky Direct subscribers and also have live streaming on iWant TV and Sky On Demand.[31][32]

Tapeless

One of the three Eurocopter AS350 Écureuil news helicopters of ABS-CBN in a hangar in Mactan-Cebu International Airport mounted with a five-axis gimbal HD camera.

In 2007, in preparation for digital and high-definition television broadcasting, ABS-CBN acquired server and post production technologies developed by EVS Broadcast Equipment, making ABS-CBN the first broadcaster in Southeast Asia to go tapeless.[27] EVS provided ABS-CBN a 100 percent digital and non-linear editing system and post production workflow as well as wireless access through a media access management system servers installed in outside broadcasting van. This will be integrated to technologies developed by Avid Technology,[33][34] Snell, and Ruckus Wireless.[35]

Digital archiving

ABS-CBN started digitizing its film and television contents in 2004.[36] In 2007, ABS-CBN acquired a Media Asset Management System (MAMS) from IBM Corporation for a cost of 4 million US dollars. The IBM MAMS includes a hardware infrastructure support and 2 petabytes (2000 terabytes) of data storage that is expected to grow by 36 percent over the next few years as ABS-CBN is already generating over 700 hours of contents a month.[37] The MAMS will be integrated to the million dollar Dalet Digital Media Systems[38] and Avid Unity ISIS (Infinitely Scalable Intelligent Storage)[36] that will enable ABS-CBN to digitize and store its over 200,000 hours of television contents and its library of over 2000 films.[39] The digitizing of ABS-CBN's films in particular includes a digital audio and video restoration and remastering process in 1080p full high-definition pixel resolution in either 4:3 or 16:9 aspect ratios. As of 2015, ABS-CBN Film Archives, in partnership with Central Digital Lab, Inc., has digitized, restored, and remastered over 130 films which includes classics such as Himala, Oro, Plata, Mata, and Ganito Kami Noon, Paano Kayo Ngayon?. The film processed are made available on wide array of platforms which include free-to-air and cable television, pay per view (SKY PPV, TFC.tv, iWant TV, SKY on demand, iTunes, iFlix, HOOQ), DVD, and limited theatrical screenings.

Competition

Since its inception in 1953 until 1961, ABS-CBN (then Alto Broadcasting System) was the only commercial television network in the country. It was only until the 1960s that television became common and at that time, although audience measurement has not yet invented, ABS was favored by giant companies such as Procter and Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive, Unilever, Nestlé, The Coca-Cola Company, Pepsico and Caltex. ABS-CBN was the only Philippine television network to air commercials and was only the advertising partner of Colgate-Palmolive products from 2000 until 15 years later in 2015, when other networks returned to air the Colgate-Palmolive commercials such as rival GMA Network. When the martial law was declared, ABS-CBN and other television networks were forced to shut-down and held control by the Government. When it was re-established in 1986 as a commercial television, it had failed to regain its glory days and was ranked behind among the five television networks. It was not until 1987, when it was re-branded as "The Star Network" that it had slowly regained its foothold in TV ratings. In 1992, AGB Nielsen Philippines was founded and a new pace in television history was introduced. In 2007, TNS Philippines started to offer media research through Kantar Media Philippines (formerly Kantar/TNS). In 2008, AGB Nielsen Philippines released the all-time highest rating shows in the Philippines, with 7 of the top 10 highest rating shows all from ABS-CBN with the shows like The Battle: Pacquiao vs. Morales, Rosalinda, Esperanza, Meteor Garden, Pangako sa 'Yo, Miss Universe 1994, and Maria Mercedes.[40] At the turn of the first decade of the century, competition was up against its closest competitor GMA Network and TV5. Moreover, the data released by AGB Nielsen show the Mega Manila data, which favors GMA in the Mega Manila ratings while Kantar Media releases the Total Philippines ratings (National Urban and Rural Households), which favors ABS-CBN.

Controversies and scandals

In recent years, ABS-CBN has been involved in several controversies and scandals involving its subsidiaries and programming.

Wowowee scandals and incidents

Further information: Hello Pappy scandal and PhilSports Stadium stampede

Two major incidents involving ABS-CBN have involved the networks' variety show Wowowee. Demand for tickets to a one-year anniversary episode of the show at the PhilSports Arena in 2006 caused a deadly stampede killing 76 people.[41] Over a year later in August 2007, the show became entrenched in another scandal involving the possibility of a new game on the show being rigged as evident by a "mechanical glitch" which occurred during an episode,[42] which grew greater after Eat Bulaga! host Joey de Leon and Wowowee host Willie Revillame started exchanging attacks on-air against each other during their respective and competing shows.[43] The incident later lead to a probe by the Department of Trade and Industry led by senator Mar Roxas (which was jokingly suggested by Joey during a speech he made on Eat Bulaga! in reference to the Hello Garci scandal, dubbing it "Hello Pappy")[44]

AGB Nielsen TV ratings scandal

Main article: AGB Nielsen Philippine TV ratings controversy

In late 2007, ABS-CBN accused AGB Nielsen Philippines of tampering with the ratings during their 2007 ratings surveys.[45][46] On 8 January 2008, Quezon City regional trial court (RTC) junked ABS-CBN's case against AGB Nielsen saying it was prematurely filed.

Writ of Amparo

On 22 January 2008, Asia-Pacific Director Jacqueline Park of the International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) supported the petition for writ of amparo filed by the ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corporation's 11 employees (led by Ces Oreña-Drilon) with the Supreme Court to rule on the legality of journalists' arrests concerning the failed Manila Peninsula rebellion. It stated: "We support employees from ABS-CBN in standing up for their democratic rights to work free from harassment and intimidation, especially from government officials and authorities." Meanwhile, the Supreme Court required the respondents to file comment to the amparo petition within 10 days. Further, Harry Roque, National Union of Journalists of the Philippines (NUJP)'s lawyer announced its filing of a class lawsuit for injunction with damages (Article 33, New Civil Code of the Philippines) against the Philippine National Police, among others.

References

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  11. ^ Chui, Angie (27 May 2010). "ABS-CBN, partners make milestone in poll coverage". The Manila Bulletin. Retrieved 19 August 2012. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  12. ^ "ANC taps social media halalan 2010". ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs. 10 May 2010. Retrieved 19 August 2012. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  13. ^ Jarloc, Glaiza, Charie Villa leads ABS-CBN's Regional Network Group, Sun.Star Cebu, retrieved 29 January 2011
  14. ^ ABS-CBN Regional Network Group launches Choose Philippines site, ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs, retrieved 16 April 2011
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  18. ^ "Business - NTC chooses Japan digital TV standard for RP - INQUIRER.net". Philippine Daily Inquirer. 2010-06-09. Retrieved 2011-05-08. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
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  22. ^ "ABS-CBN to launch 5 new premium channels on free-to-air TV". Lopez Group of Companies. 2011-04-04. Retrieved 2011-05-08. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  23. ^ Exclusive: The ABS-CBN Digital TV retrieved October 18, 2013
  24. ^ http://tvplus.abs-cbn.com/support/
  25. ^ ABS-CBN Philippines launches High Definition with Sony HDC-1400 High Definition Portable Studio Cameras, Sony Corporation, retrieved 20 March 2012 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  26. ^ "ABS-CBN airs UAAP on high-definition". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved 20 May 2012. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
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  28. ^ Future Perfect: ABS-CBN's Broadcast Technology in a Digital Age (TV production). ABS-CBN News Channel. Archived from the original on January 25, 2014. {{cite AV media}}: Unknown parameter |airdate= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |city= ignored (|location= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |credits= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  29. ^ "GLOBAL TELEVISION NETWORK ABS-CBN PURCHASES 75 IKEGAMI GFCAM™ HDS-V10 TAPELESS HD FLASH RAM CAMCORDERS" (Press release). Ikegami Tsushinki. 20 April 2010. Retrieved 19 June 2012. {{cite press release}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  30. ^ http://www.mysky.com.ph/Cebu/updates/210/2015/10/02/abs-cbn-is-now-available-in-hd
  31. ^ http://beta.iwantv.com.ph/?_ga=1.197531562.447889330.1458932074
  32. ^ http://www.mysky.com.ph/skyondemand
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  35. ^ "Largest Entertainment and Media Company in Philippines Moves to Smart Wi-Fi From Ruckus Wireless". PR Newswire Association LLC. Retrieved 4 August 2012. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  36. ^ a b "Creation". APB. Softpressmedia.com: 16–17. December 2010. {{cite journal}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
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  38. ^ Dolan, Janice (17 June 2008). "Dalet Inks 1.2 Million dollar Media Asset Management and Digital Archive Deal With ABS-CBN". Zazil Media Group. Retrieved 8 April 2012. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  39. ^ Casiraya, Lawrence (6 March 2008). "ABS-CBN taps IBM to store digital video archives". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 8 April 2012. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
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  41. ^ "73 dead in stampede at Philippine game show". ABC News. 4 February 2006.
  42. ^ "ABS-CBN: No cheating in Wowowee's 'Wilyonaryo'". GMA News and Current Affairs. 30 August 2007. Retrieved 10 April 2009.
  43. ^ "Joey tells Willie: Explain before you Complain". GMA News and Public Affairs. 30 August 2007. Retrieved 11 April 2009.
  44. ^ "Roxas seeks probe on 'Hello, Pappy' game show 'scam'". GMA News and Current Affairs. 30 August 2007. Archived from the original on 13 October 2007. Retrieved 3 November 2007. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  45. ^ "GMA 7 tagged in scandal". manilatimes.net. 2007-12-20.
  46. ^ Godinez, Bong (20 December 2007). "Quezon City court issues TRO against AGB Nielsen". Retrieved 7 April 2012.
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