Help:IPA/Swedish: Difference between revisions
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Undid revision 914938150 by IvanScrooge98 (talk) no - anyone who can read Swedish IPA knows there's a syllable break there |
yes, but how many can? it is a help |
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| style="text-align: center;" | ''[[Helsinki|Helsingfo'''rs''']]''<br/>{{IPA|[hɛlsɪŋˈfɔʂː]}} |
| style="text-align: center;" | ''[[Helsinki|Helsingfo'''rs''']]''<br/>{{IPA|[hɛlsɪŋˈfɔʂː]}} |
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| [[geminated consonant]]: ''fre'''sh sh'''rimp''<ref>Consonants tend to geminate after a stressed short vowel.</ref> |
| [[geminated consonant]]: ''fre'''sh sh'''rimp''<ref>Consonants tend to geminate after a stressed short vowel.</ref> |
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| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA|.}}</big> |
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| style="text-align: center;" | ''Dan'''ie'''lsson''<br/>{{IPA|[²dɑːnɪ.ɛlˌsɔn]}} |
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| [[Syllabification|syllable break]]: ''c'''o-o'''p'', ''r'''owe'''r'' |
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Revision as of 07:39, 10 September 2019
 | This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Swedish on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Swedish in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. |
The chart below shows how the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Swedish pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{IPA-sv}} and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
The transcription system is based primarily on Central Standard Swedish.
See Swedish phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Swedish.
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Notes
- ^ a b c d e In many of the dialects that have an apical rhotic consonant, a recursive sandhi process of retroflexion occurs, and clusters of /r/ and dental consonants /rd/, /rl/, /rn/, /rs/, /rt/ produce retroflex consonant realisations: [ɖ], [ɭ], [ɳ], [ʂ], [ʈ]. In dialects with a guttural R, such as Southern Swedish, they are [ʁd], [ʁl], [ʁn], [ʁs], [ʁt]. Nevertheless, retroflexion might occur in some varieties of Finland Swedish, especially among young speakers and in fast speech.
- ^ Swedish /ɧ/ varies regionally and is sometimes [xʷ], [ɸˠ], or [ʂ].
- ^ /r/ varies considerably in different dialects: it is pronounced alveolar or similarly (a trilled r when articulated clearly or in slow or formal speech; in normal speech, usually a tapped r or an alveolar approximant) in virtually all dialects (most consistently [r] in Finland), but in South Swedish dialects, it is uvular, similar to the Parisian French r. At the beginning of a syllable, it can also be pronounced as a fricative [ʒ], as in English genre or vision.
- ^ a b c d Before /r/, the quality of non-high front vowels is changed: the unrounded vowels /ɛ/ and /ɛː/ are lowered to [æ] and [æː], whereas the rounded /œ/ and /øː/ are lowered to open-mid [œ] and [œː]. For simplicity, no distinction is made between the mid [œ˔] and the open-mid [œ], with both being transcribed as ⟨œ⟩. Note that younger speakers use lower allophones [ɶ] and [ɶː].
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l [ɔ, oː, œ, œː, øː, ʏ, yː] are protruded vowels, while [ɵ, ʉ, ʉː, ʊ, uː] are compressed.
- ^ a b [ɵ] and [ʉ] are unstressed allophones of a single phoneme /ɵ/ (stressed /ɵ/ is always realized as [ɵ]):
- [ɵ] is used in all closed syllables (as in kultur ) but also in some open syllables, as in musikal [mɵsɪˈkɑːl]. Some cases involve resyllabification caused by retroflexion, which makes the syllable open, as in kurtisan [kɵʈɪˈsɑːn];
- [ʉ] appears only in open syllables. In some cases, [ʉ] is the only possible realization, as in känguru [ˈɕɛŋːɡʉrʉ], such as when /ɵ/ appears in hiatus, as in duell [dʉˈɛlː];
- In other cases, [ɵ] is in free variation with [ʉ] so musik can be pronounced as or [mʉˈsiːk] (Riad (2014:28–29)). For simplicity, only [ɵ] will be used.
- ^ a b The distinction between compressed [ʉ] and protruded [ʏ] is particularly difficult to hear for non-native speakers:
- ^ a b The distinction between compressed [ʉː] and protruded [yː] is particularly difficult to hear for non-native speakers:
- ^ Meaning "the duck".
- ^ a b c Placed before the stressed syllable. For words with the second toneme, ⟨²⟩ will be used instead of the primary stress mark, and ⟨ˌ⟩ to indicate the secondary stress when more than one syllable follows.
- ^ a b The variety of Swedish spoken on the Åland Islands usually resembles phonetically speaking the dialects of the Uppland area rather than Finland Swedish, but the pitch accent is largely missing.
- ^ a b Finland Swedish, as well as a few accents of Mainland Sweden, have a simple primary stress rather than a contrastive pitch accent. In such accents, anden meaning 'wild duck' and anden meaning 'spirit' are pronounced identically.
- ^ Meaning "the spirit".
- ^ Consonants tend to geminate after a stressed short vowel.
Bibliography
- Engstrand, Olle (1999), "Swedish", Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the usage of the International Phonetic Alphabet., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 140–142, ISBN 0-521-63751-1
- Reuter, Mikael (1971). "Vokalerna i finlandsvenska: En instrumentell analys och ett försök till systematisering enligt särdrag". Studier i nordisk filologi (in Swedish). 46. Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland: 240–249.
- Riad, Tomas (2014), The Phonology of Swedish, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-954357-1