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Union Station (Los Angeles)

Coordinates: 34°03′19″N 118°14′07″W / 34.05515°N 118.23525°W / 34.05515; -118.23525
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Los Angeles Union Station
Amtrak, Metrolink and LA Metro station
Main building and tracks
General information
LocationAmtrak/Metrolink
800 North Alameda Street
Metro
801 Vignes Street
Los Angeles, California 90012
United States
Coordinates34°03′19″N 118°14′07″W / 34.05515°N 118.23525°W / 34.05515; -118.23525
Owned byLos Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority
Platforms6 island platforms (Amtrak/Metrolink)
1 island platform (Metro L Line)
1 island platform (Metro B/D Lines)
1 island platform (Metro J Line)
Tracks12 (Amtrak/Metrolink)
2 (Metro L Line)
2 (Metro B/D Lines)
Construction
Parking3,000 spaces
Bicycle facilities74 bike rack spaces
20 locker spaces
AccessibleYes
Other information
Station codeAmtrak code: LAX
WebsiteUnionStationLA.com
History
OpenedMay 3, 1939; 85 years ago (May 3, 1939)
Passengers
20181,717,405[1][2] Increase 0.06% (Amtrak)
Rank1st in California[1]
Services
Preceding station Amtrak Following station
Hollywood Burbank Airport
toward Seattle
 Coast Starlight Terminus
Glendale
toward San Luis Obispo
 Pacific Surfliner Fullerton
toward San Diego
Terminus Southwest Chief Fullerton
toward Chicago
Sunset Limited Pomona
toward New Orleans
Texas Eagle Pomona
toward Chicago
Preceding station Metrolink Following station
Terminus 91/Perris Valley Line Norwalk/Santa Fe Springs
toward Perris–South
Orange County Line Commerce
toward Oceanside
Riverside Line Montebello/​Commerce
toward Riverside–Downtown
San Bernardino Line Cal State LA
toward San Bernardino–Downtown
Glendale
toward Lancaster
 Antelope Valley Line Terminus
Glendale
toward Ventura–East
 Ventura County Line
Preceding station Metro Rail Following station
Civic Center/​Grand Park
toward North Hollywood
 B Line Terminus
Civic Center/​Grand Park
toward Wilshire/Western
 D Line
Little Tokyo/Arts District
(temporary bus bridge)
toward Atlantic
 L Line Chinatown
toward APU/Citrus College
Preceding station Metro Busway Following station
Civic Center/Grand Park
(with interim street stops)
toward El Monte
 J Line LA County+USC Medical Center
toward Harbor Gateway or San Pedro
Former services
Preceding station Amtrak Following station
Glendale
toward Sacramento
 Spirit of California
Discontinued in 1983
 Terminus
Terminus Desert Wind
Discontinued in 1997
 Fullerton
toward Chicago
Las Vegas Limited
Discontinued in 1976
 Pasadena
toward Las Vegas
San Diegan
Changed to its current name in 2000
 Fullerton
toward San Diego
Preceding station Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway Following station
Terminus Main Line
Via Pasadena, Pomona
 Highland Park
toward Chicago
Main Line
Via Fullerton, Riverside
 Rivera
toward Chicago
Surf Line Fullerton
toward San Diego
Preceding station Southern Pacific Railroad Following station
River
toward San Francisco
 Coast Line Terminus
Terminus Sunset Route Alhambra
toward New Orleans
Glendale
toward Oakland Pier
 San Joaquin Daylight Terminus
Glendale
toward Sacramento
 Sacramento Daylight
Glendale
toward San Francisco
 Coast Daylight
Lark
Preceding station Union Pacific Railroad Following station
Terminus Los Angeles and Salt Lake Railroad East Los Angeles
toward Salt Lake City
Preceding station CalTrain Following station
Glendale
towards Oxnard
 Los Angeles–Oxnard Terminus
Future services
Preceding station California High-Speed Rail Following station
Burbank
towards Merced or San Francisco 4th and King Street
 Phase I
(2033)
 Terminus
Preceding station Metro Rail Following station
Little Tokyo/Arts District
toward Azusa
 A Line Chinatown
toward APU/Citrus College
Los Angeles Union Passenger Terminal
Built1939
Built byRobert E. McKee Inc.
ArchitectParkinson, John & Donald B.
Architectural styleModerne, Art Deco, Mission/Spanish Revival
NRHP reference No.80000811[3]
LAHCM No.101
Significant dates
Added to NRHPNovember 13, 1980
Designated LAHCMAugust 2, 1972
Location
Map

Los Angeles Union Station (LAUS) is the main railway station in Los Angeles, California, and the largest railroad passenger terminal in the Western United States.[4] It opened in May 1939 as the Los Angeles Union Passenger Terminal, replacing La Grande Station and Central Station.

Approved in a controversial ballot measure in 1926 and built in the 1930s, it served to consolidate rail services from the Union Pacific, Santa Fe, and Southern Pacific Railroads into one terminal station. Conceived on a grand scale, Union Station became known as the "Last of the Great Railway Stations" built in the United States. The structure combines Art Deco, Mission Revival, and Streamline Moderne style. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

Today, the station is a major transportation hub for Southern California, serving almost 110,000 passengers a day.[5] It is by far the busiest train station in the Western United States; it is Amtrak's fifth-busiest station, and is the twelfth-busiest train station in North America.

Four of Amtrak's long-distance trains originate and terminate here: the Coast Starlight to Seattle, the Southwest Chief and Texas Eagle to Chicago, and the Sunset Limited to New Orleans. The state-supported Amtrak Pacific Surfliner regional trains run frequently to San Diego and also to Santa Barbara and San Luis Obispo. The station is the hub of the Metrolink commuter rail system and is a major transfer point for several Metro Rail subway and light rail lines. The Patsaouras Transit Plaza, on the east side of the station, serves dozens of bus lines operated by Metro and several other municipal carriers.[6]

History

In 1926, a measure was placed on the ballot giving Los Angeles voters the choice between the construction of a vast network of elevated railways or the construction of a Union station to consolidate the city's two mainline railroad stations (Central Station and La Grande Station). The election took on racial connotations and became a defining moment in the development of Los Angeles.[7] One proposed location for Union Station was located in the heart of what was Los Angeles' original Chinatown. Reflecting the racial prejudice of the time, Los Angeles Times, a lead opponent of elevated railways, argued in editorials that Union Station would not be built in the "midst of Chinatown" but rather would "forever do away with Chinatown and its environs." The Times also attacked the elevated railways for blocking out the California sun and in general being antithetical to the ethos of Los Angeles.[7]

Two questions were put to vote in 1926. First, the voters approved Union Station instead of elevated railways by 61.3 to 38.7 percent margin. Second, the electorate voted in favor of Los Angeles Plaza, not Chinatown, as the site of the new station, but by a much smaller 51.1 to 48.9 percent margin.[8] However, largely due to the efforts of preservationist Christine Sterling and Los Angeles Times publisher Harry Chandler, Union Station would not replace the Plaza, but be built across the street in Chinatown,[citation needed] which was demolished for the project.[9] During the construction process of Union Station, archaeological remains from the Tongva village of Yaanga were uncovered.[10] Researcher Joan Brown summarized this in 1992:

Previous archaeological studies conducted at and near Union Station indicate that buried intact prehistoric and historic deposits exist in-situ beneath and in the vicinity of Union Station. The extent of the archaeological deposits is unknown at this time. Union Station was constructed on three to twenty feet of fill dirt placed over the original Los Angeles Chinatown. Chinatown, in turn, had been built over the remains of an Indian village, tentatively identified as the village of Yangna.[10]

Santa Fe's combined Super Chief/El Capitan at the station in 1966

The glamorous new $11 million station (in 1939 dollars)[11] took over from La Grande Station which had suffered major damage in the 1933 Long Beach earthquake and Central Station, which had itself replaced the Arcade Depot in 1914.

Passenger service was provided by the Santa Fe, Southern Pacific, and Union Pacific, as well as local lines of the Pacific Electric Railway and Los Angeles Railway (LARy).[12] The famed Super Chief luxury train carried Hollywood stars and others to Chicago and thence the East Coast. Union Station saw heavy use during World War II, but later saw declining patronage due to the growing popularity of air travel and automobiles.

In 1948, the Santa Fe's Super Chief lost its brakes coming into the station, smashed through a steel bumper and concrete wall, and stopped with one third of the front of the locomotive dangling over Aliso St. No one was killed or injured, but the engineer lost his job.

The station was designated as a Los Angeles Historic–Cultural Monument No. 101 on August 2, 1972, and placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.[3]

The first commuter rail service to Union Station was the short-lived CalTrain that began operating on October 18, 1982, between Los Angeles and Oxnard. The service faced economic and political problems from the start and was suspended in March 1983. The next attempt at commuter rail came in 1990 with the launch of the Amtrak-operated Orange County Commuter. The once-daily round-trip served stations between Los Angeles and San Juan Capistrano.

In December 1989, the Santa Fe Pacific Realty Co purchased Southern Pacific's shareholding in the station, followed in January 1990 by Union Pacific's 22% and Santa Fe's 34%.[13]

Metrolink commuter rail service began on October 26, 1992, with Union Station as the terminus for the San Bernardino Line, the Santa Clarita Line (later renamed the Antelope Valley Line) and the Ventura County Line. In January 1993, Metro's Red Line subway[14] began service to the station, followed by Metrolink's Riverside Line in June. The Orange County Commuter train was discontinued on March 28, 1994, and replaced by Metrolink's Orange County Line. In May 2002, Metrolink added additional service to stations in Orange and Riverside counties with the opening of the 91 Line.[15]

Metro L Line train at Union Station

Light rail service arrived at Union Station on July 26, 2003, when Metro's Gold Line began operating to Pasadena from tracks 1 and 2. The line was expanded south over US 101 in November 2009 with the opening of the Gold Line Eastside Extension.

In February 2011, the board of the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (Metro) approved the purchase of Union Station from Prologis and Catellus Development (a descendant of the Santa Fe and Southern Pacific railroads) for $75 million. The deal was closed on April 14, 2011.[16][17] Since taking over ownership of the station, Metro has focused on increasing services for passengers at the station. One of the most noticeable changes is the addition of several retail and dining businesses to the concourse.

Amtrak opened a Metropolitan Lounge at Union Station on September 23, 2013.[18] The lounge is open to Amtrak passengers traveling in sleeping car accommodations or business class as well as some Amtrak Guest Rewards members (Select Plus and Select Executive levels only).[19] The lounge features a staffed ticket counter, complimentary refreshments, complimentary Wi-Fi, and a conference room. Passengers using the Metropolitan Lounge receive priority boarding.

Metro plans to install Bluetooth beacons in Union Station to enable sending text messages to travelers' smartphones.[20]

On March 15, 2021, it was announced that the station would serve as a joint venue of the 93rd Academy Awards along with the Dolby Theatre due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cinema.[21] The ceremony was criticized for limiting access to the station and its COVID-19 testing site due to security measures mandated by the Academy.[22][23]

Architecture

Waiting room
Original ticket lobby, with ticket counter at the right

Union Station was partially designed by John and Donald Parkinson, the father-and-son architectural firm who had also designed Los Angeles City Hall and other landmark Los Angeles buildings. They were assisted by a group of supporting architects, including Jan van der Linden. The structure combines Art Deco, Mission Revival, and Streamline Moderne style, with architectural details such as eight-pointed stars, and even elements of Dutch Colonial Revival architecture (at the suggestion of the Dutch-born Jan von der Linden).[24]

Enclosed garden patios are on either side of the waiting room, and passengers exiting the trains were originally directed through the southern garden. The lower parts of the interior walls are covered in travertine marble; the upper parts have an early form of acoustical tile. The floor in the large rooms is terra cotta with a central strip of inlaid marble (including travertine, somewhat unusual in floors since it is soft). The ceiling in the grand waiting room has the appearance of wood, but is actually made of steel.[25] The original ticket lobby has 62-foot (19 m) high ceilings and a 110-foot (34 m) counter it is closed to the public, but occasionally rented out for film shoots or special events.[25][26][27][28] Public art has been added to the station including an aquarium with a wall featuring etchings of Gabrielino Indians and Latino settlers such as Pío Pico.[29]

Inside the grand waiting room, is the Traxx restaurant and bar, which is Art Deco-themed, reflecting the history and architectural grandeur of its home. The restaurant opened in the late 1990s, and became a "top draw" at Union Station, according to the Los Angeles Times.[30] Traxx closed between May and September 2019 as ownership of the restaurant changed.[31]

Attached to the main building to the south is the station restaurant designed by the famed Southwestern architect Mary Colter. It was the last of the "Harvey House" restaurants to be constructed as a part of a passenger terminal. The vast rectangular dining room has a rounded central counter, streamlined booths and spectacular inlaid cement tile floor reproduces the pattern of a Navajo blanket.[32][26] Colter also designed a sleek, Streamline Moderne cocktail lounge. The restaurant closed in 1967 and for decades remained largely empty, used only for the occasional film shoot or special event.[33] In October 2018, following a four-year renovation process, the dining room re-opened as the "Imperial Western Beer Co.," a restaurant and bar with its own attached brewery, and the cocktail lounge re-opened as "The Streamliner," a smaller craft cocktail bar.[33]

Even with its grand scale, Union Station is still considered small in comparison to other union stations.[34]

Public art

Although Union Station contains no distinct sculptures or artworks from its early years, Metro rail development in the 1990s funded the installation of a variety of notable public art murals and sculptural installations for the station's new subterranean lobbies, portals and subway platforms.[35] The following Union Station public artworks include murals, granite seating sculptures, electronic wall-mounted art, glass mosaics, and a river-themed sculptural installation incorporating found objects from the subway excavation and an aquarium of native sea life.[36]

Location

Union Station and the MTA Building
Aerial view of LA Union Station area in 2014.

Union Station is located in the northeastern corner of Downtown Los Angeles, on the property bounded by Alameda Street, Cesar Chavez Avenue, Vignes Street, and the Hollywood Freeway. It is across Alameda Street from L.A.'s historic Olvera Street and El Pueblo de Los Angeles State Historic Park. The historic Terminal Annex building is on the opposite side of the Chavez Avenue underpass. Chinatown and Civic Center are a short distance away.

The site of the Tongva village of Yaanga, which was "believed to have been the largest of the Tongva villages," was in the vicinity.[45]

The Patsaouras Transit Plaza on the east side of Union Station hosts several connecting bus lines, including Metro Local, Metro Rapid and Metro Express lines, as well as downtown DASH shuttles, many municipal bus lines, FlyAway express bus service to Los Angeles International Airport, and University of Southern California campus shuttles. The Transit Plaza is named after Nick Patsaouras, former RTD board member and advocate for public transportation.

The Gateway Transit Center includes the station itself and the Patsaouras Transit Plaza, both of which were designed by Ehrenkrantz & Eckstut, along with the western terminus of the El Monte Busway, as well as Metro's headquarters building.

As of October 2019, Amtrak and Metrolink share 12 of Union Station's 14 outdoor tracks, with 94 trains departing on most weekdays (95 on Wednesday, 96 on Friday).[Note 1][46][47]

Services

Amtrak

Amtrak long-distance routes

Passengers at the information booth at Union Station.

Union Station is the western terminus for four of Amtrak's long-distance trains:

Amtrak California regional routes

Amtrak California operates multiple-times-daily regional rail services to cities across the state:

The station is the hub for Metrolink and six of Metrolink's seven lines serve the station:

Metro Rail

Three Metro Rail lines (the B (Red), D (Purple), and L (Gold) Lines) serve the station with about 300 Metro Rail trains departing every weekday.

Metro B Line/Metro D Line

The B Line and D Line subway platforms as seen from the mezzanine level.

The Metro B and Metro D subway lines have their eastern terminus at Union Station and share two tracks below Union Station.[50][51] There are two entrances to the platform: one is located inside Union Station's main concourse on the west side of the complex, near Alameda Street, and the other is located near the Patsaouras Transit Plaza on the east side of the complex.

Metro L Line

The Metro L Line (Gold) is a light rail line that passes through Union Station as it travels between Azusa and East Los Angeles.[52] Trains use Tracks 1 and 2 of Union Station's 14 outdoor tracks. The platform is accessible via staircase and elevator from the main passenger tunnel. From the Gold line's opening on July 26, 2003, until the segment to East Los Angeles opened on November 15, 2009, this station was the southern terminus. The platform features an art installation, entitled Images of Commonality/Nature and Movement, created by Beth Thielen.

The platform station will be served by the A Line, which will run from Long Beach to Azusa, once the Regional Connector is complete in 2022.

Metro Busway

Metro J Line

El Monte Busway Platform

One Metro Busway bus rapid transit line makes a stop at the Patsaouras Transit Plaza. The Metro J Line operates between El Monte Bus Station, Downtown Los Angeles, Harbor Gateway Transit Center and select trips to San Pedro using the El Monte Busway and Harbor Transitway.

Bus and coach services

Further information: Patsaouras Transit Plaza

Long-distance motorcoach

Amtrak Thruway Motorcoach
Buses at the Amtrak Thruway Motorcoach boarding area of Los Angeles Union Station.

Amtrak California operates several routes under the Amtrak Thruway Motorcoach brand from Union Station using dedicated bus bays at the north side of the station, not from the Patsaouras Transit Plaza on the other side of the facility.

Connections to San Joaquin trains are provided through bus routes 1A & 1B that travel to and from the Bakersfield Amtrak Station.[53] Direct rail service to Bakersfield is not possible because passenger trains are not normally allowed on the Tehachapi Loop near Bakersfield.

  • Route 1A: Bakersfield – Los Angeles
  • Route 1B: Bakersfield – Los Angeles – San Pedro (serving the cruise terminals and Catalina Island ferries in Long Beach and San Pedro)

When trains are not running during the overnight hours several bus routes provide service along the Pacific Surfliner route (to Santa Barbara, San Diego and select intermediate stations) and the San Joaquin route (to Fresno and select intermediate stations.):

  • Route 1A: Bakersfield – Los Angeles – San Diego
  • Route 1A: Bakersfield – Los Angeles – Santa Ana
  • Route 1B: Fresno – Bakersfield – Los Angeles
  • Route 4: Santa Barbara – Los Angeles

Amtrak also offers a Thruway Motorcoach route to Las Vegas from Union Station.

Flixbus

While it does not stop on the Union Station property, Flixbus provides intercity service to destinations across the Western United States from a parking lot across the street from the station on the northwest corner of Cesar Chavez Avenue and Vignes Street.[54]

Megabus

Megabus operates three long-distance motorcoach routes from Berth 1 at the Patsaouras Transit Plaza:

Metro and municipal buses

Bus services using the Patsaouras Transit Plaza:

Bus services using the Union Station Patsaouras Bus Plaza Station, which is located in the median of the El Monte Busway next to US-101.

Bus services using the bus stop on Cesar Chavez Avenue & Vignes Street (northeast corner of station):

Bus services using the Vignes lot on Cesar Chavez Avenue & Vignes Street (northeast corner of station):

Bus services using the bus stop on Alameda Street & Los Angeles Street (outside western entrance):

Bus service using the bus stop on the west side of Union Station (near the taxi stand and the Mozaic Apartments):

* Indicates commuter service that operates only during weekday rush hours.

Platforms and tracks

Template:LACMTA Platform Layout Union Station

Future expansion

New transit station on El Monte Busway

Main article: Patsaouras Transit Plaza

A new transitway station for the Metro J Line and other transit buses operating on the El Monte Busway is planned to the south of the Patsaouras Transit Plaza, in the median of the El Monte Busway, funded by tolls collected as a part of the Metro ExpressLanes project.[55] It will allow buses traveling in both directions on the busway to serve Union Station while minimizing dwell time, according to Metro.[56][57]

The station was originally expected to be completed in June 2014, but because all bids came in over budget, they were cancelled and the Metro Board of Directors increased the budget and solicited new bids.[58] Station construction was delayed by a number of factors, including the discovery of human remains from a pre-colonial Tongva settlement. As of September 2020 the station is nearly complete and expected to open by the end of October.[59] On November 1, 2020, the station was officially opened.[60]

A Metrolink train at Union Station

With the number of trains using Union Station expanding, the stub-end layout of trackage is limiting the station's capacity. Trains can only enter or exit from the north side of the station.[61] The configuration forces trains without cab-cars to slowly reverse in or out of the station and trains heading to or from the south to make a near-180 degree turn. Compounding the problem, is that while the station has 14 boarding tracks, multiple trains must squeeze onto just 5 tracks (originally, there were more tracks at "the throat", but Metrolink had some removed to allow for faster speeds along the curves in and out of the station to improve efficiency) as they enter or exit the station. This choke-point can delay arriving trains as they are forced to wait outside of the station to allow a departing train to exit the station (departures are usually given priority, to free up platforms and to keep them from experiencing delays along their route).

Therefore, Metro has proposed the Link Union Station (Link US, formerly named Southern California Regional Interconnector) Project, which would extend tracks 3–10 as run-through tracks, which will exit Union Station and cross over the El Monte Busway and US Route 101/Santa Ana Fwy on a long, elevated "S-curve" that will tie into the existing tracks along the Los Angeles River. The plan also includes tracks along the river that would create a "loop" around the station allowing all trains (including those to/from the north or west) to use the run-though tracks.[62]

Metro authorized preliminary engineering for the project in July 2012. A Request For Proposals (RFP) for Link Union Station was being prepared as of June 2013.[63] The $31-million contract for the engineering work on the project was approved on April 24, 2014.[64] The project's estimated value is $350 million.[64][65] A draft environmental impact report on Link Union Station is expected in 2017[66]

During construction, several tracks may be taken out of service due to their extension. To make up for the temporary loss of those platforms, track 13 was revitalized for use and tracks 14 & 15 were re-constructed. The project was completed on October 17, 2012.[67] Once the Link US project is finished, the run-through tracks and tracks 13–14 will be in regular use (track 15 will be used for storage), resulting in a 40% increase in track capacity.

On July 27, 2019, the Metro board officially approved and certified the Final Environmental Impact Report (FEIR) for the Link US Union Station run-through tracks project. The FIER has an expanded central concourse hallway to replace the new elevated concourse proposed in the Draft EIR, and also eliminated the loop tracks. These modifications reduced project costs while prioritizing rider convenience while transferring between trains.[68] A funding plan for the project was approved on April 21, 2020, with the project's completion targeted for 2026.[69]

In 2021, this project began construction, causing partial closure of platforms at this station.

Former Run-Through Tracks Project

California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) and the Federal Railroad Administration previously drafted a plan to create run-through tracks at Union Station, but the project involved just four tracks and lacked the station "loop" limiting usage of the tracks just to trains heading to or from the south.

The final environmental impact report for the "Los Angeles Union Station Run-Through Tracks Project" was published by the FRA in November 2005.[70]

California High-Speed Rail

Union Station is planned to be a major hub for the future California High-Speed Rail System. Upon completion, it is projected that passengers will be able to get from Union Station to the Transbay Transit Center in the city of San Francisco in 2 hours and 40 minutes.[71]

As a part of its Master Plan, Metro studied how to best integrate tracks and platforms for high-speed trains arrival into Union Station. Options included an aerial structure above the existing platforms, an underground structure under Alameda Street, an underground structure under Vignes Street and an aerial structure east of Vignes.[72] All plans include a new concourse for high-speed rail passengers and three platforms with six tracks.

Since that time, the Link US project has resulted in changes to how High-Speed Rail (HSR) will be brought into Union Station. That project's Final Environmental Report (FEIR) released in June of 2019 indicates that HSR will approach the station from the north, on tracks 3 thru 6, use rebuilt station platforms 2 and 3, then exit to the south onto a new viaduct over the El Monte Busway and Santa Ana Freeway, which curves east (over a rebuilt and relocated Commercial Street) to return to the existing rail corridor along the west bank of the Los Angeles River. Thus, only four tracks and two platforms at Union Station will be used for HSR, with the remaining six tracks being converted to thru status and using the new viaduct to be shared by Metrolink and Amtrak lines. Tracks 13 thru 15 will remain stubs, ending at the south side of the station.[73]

Actress Kim Novak at Union Station (1956)

The facility served as a backdrop for the 1950 film Union Station,[74][75] which starred William Holden and Nancy Olson. It has been used in many vintage motion pictures, many of the film noir variety. Movies that have featured Union Station as a filming location include:

Union Station was featured in Visiting... with Huell Howser Episode 222.[83]

John Mayer's Last Train Home (Sob Rock) music video, directed by Cameron Duddy, was shot in an empty Union Station. [84]

See also

References

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  2. ^ "Amtrak Fact Sheet, Fiscal Year 2017, State of California" (PDF). Amtrak Government Affairs. November 2017. Retrieved June 3, 2020.
  3. ^ a b "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
  4. ^ "Union Station > History". Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Archived from the original on December 15, 2013. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
  5. ^ "Metro Board approves Union Station Master Plan, allowing near-term projects to go forward | Metro's The Source". Thesource.metro.net. October 23, 2014. Archived from the original on June 22, 2015. Retrieved December 23, 2015.
  6. ^ "Los Angeles Union Station Master Plan". Metro. Archived from the original on January 27, 2013. Retrieved January 31, 2013.
  7. ^ a b Axelrod, Jeremiah (2009). Inventing Autopia: Dreams and Visions of the Modern Metropolis in Jazz Age Los Angeles. University of California Press. pp. 188–193. ISBN 9780520252851.
  8. ^ Bottles, Scott (1987). Los Angeles and the Automobile: The Making of the Modern City. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. p. 156. ISBN 978-0-520-05795-1.
  9. ^ Bengtson, John (2010). Silent Traces: Discovering Early Hollywood Through the Films of Charlie Chaplin. Lobster Films [fr].
  10. ^ a b "Ethnographic Overview of the Los Angeles Forest". Northwast Economic Associates: 101–104. February 6, 2004. ...some characteristic items were unearthed during the building of Union Station in 1939, and considerably more... when the historic Bella Union Hotel was built [1870] [between Main and Los Angeles streets north of Commercial].
  11. ^ "Ontario's Mule, Gravity Car in Parade at L. A.". San Bernardino Daily Sun. San Bernardino County, California. May 4, 1939. p. 14. Archived from the original on November 17, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  12. ^ Carlson, Jen (April 12, 2016). "A Brief History Of L.A.'s Beautiful Union Station". LAist. Retrieved January 26, 2021.
  13. ^ Ownership Changes at LAUPT Pacific RailNews issue 317 April 1990 page 6
  14. ^ Katches, Mark (January 31, 1993). "Red Line Rolls to Raves – It's Smooth Railing As L.A. Subway Opens". Daily News of Los Angeles.
  15. ^ McKibben, Dave (May 7, 2002). "Riverside-L.A. Commute by Rail Cut to 90 Minutes". Los Angeles Times. p. 13. Retrieved August 6, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  16. ^ "Metro to purchase Los Angeles Union Station". The Source. Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority. February 24, 2011. Archived from the original on December 15, 2013. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
  17. ^ "Metro tonight officially becomes new owner of Los Angeles Union Station". The Source. Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority. April 14, 2011. Archived from the original on December 15, 2013. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
  18. ^ "Los Angeles Metropolitan Lounge opening next Monday, 9/23". FlyerTalk. Archived from the original on September 21, 2013. Retrieved September 19, 2013.
  19. ^ "Station Lounges". Amtrak. Archived from the original on September 1, 2015. Retrieved December 23, 2015.
  20. ^ Nelson, Laura J. (February 3, 2015). "Beacon technology to target Union Station visitors with help, commerce". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on January 15, 2020. Retrieved June 8, 2015.
  21. ^ Hammond, Peter (March 15, 2021). "Academy Confirms Venues And Scaled-Down In-Person Oscars And Events; Governors Ball, Nominees Luncheon, More KO'd". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved March 16, 2021.
  22. ^ Gelt, Jessica (April 25, 2021). "The Oscars blocked Union Station for COVID test takers and disabled people. What to know". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 7, 2021.
  23. ^ Chuba, Kirsten (April 26, 2021). "Oscars Face Criticism Over Union Station Closures: "Transit Riders Got the Short End of the Stick"". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved July 7, 2021.
  24. ^ Waldie, D.J. (May 1, 2014) "Union Station: L.A.'s nearly perfect time machine" Archived May 6, 2014, at the Wayback Machine Op-Ed, Los Angeles Times.
  25. ^ a b Allen, Dan (May 2014). "Forming a More Perfect Union". Westways. Automobile Club of Southern California: 53.
  26. ^ a b Vanessa (February 6, 2010). "L.A. Places: Union Station Harvey House". Laplaces.blogspot.com. Archived from the original on December 26, 2014. Retrieved December 23, 2015.
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Notes

  1. ^ 1 Amtrak Coast Starlight departure, 18 Amtrak Pacific Surfliner departures (13 southbound, 5 northbound), 1 Amtrak Southwest Chief departure, 17 Metrolink Ventura County Line departures, 15 Metrolink Antelope Valley Line departures, 19 Metrolink San Bernardino Line departures, 6 Metrolink Riverside Line departures, 6 Metrolink 91/Perris Valley Line departures, and 11 Metrolink Orange County Line departures. There is an additional Metrolink San Bernardino Line departure on Friday nights, and the Amtrak Sunset Limited operates tri-weekly (Sunday, Wednesday and Friday).

Further reading

  • Musicant, Marlyn, ed., with Deverell, William and Roth, Matthew W. Los Angeles Union Station (Los Angeles): Getty, 2014. xvi, pp. 109; heavily illustrated.
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