Alids
 | This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (April 2015) |
| Alids | |
|---|---|
| Ahl al-Bayt of Banu Hashim of the Quraysh of the Adnaniyyun of Banu Ismail | |
 The name of Ali, respectively written in the Hagia Sophia Mosque, Turkey | |
| Nisba | al-Alawi |
| Location | Arabia (majority) Middle East North Africa Central Asia Horn of Africa South Asia Southeast Asia |
| Descended from | Ali ibn Abi Talib (Ahl al-Bayt) |
| Branches |
|
| Religion | Islam |
| Part of a series on |
| Ali |
|---|
.jpg) |
The Alids are those who claim descent from the fourth caliph and first Shi'ite Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (c. 600–661), cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, through all his wives. The main branches are the Sayyids (including the Hasanids, Husaynids and Zaynabids), and the Alvis.[1]: 31 They are considered to be part of the Ahl al-Bayt, and are found predominantly in the Arab world and other Middle Eastern countries.
History
Primarily Sunnis in the Arab world reserve the term sharif or "sherif" for descendants of Hasan ibn Ali, while sayyid is used for descendants of Husayn ibn Ali. Both Hasan and Husayn are grandchildren of Muhammad, through the marriage of his cousin Ali and his daughter Fatimah. However ever since the post-Hashemite era began, the term sayyid has been used to denote descendants from both Hasan and Husayn. Arab Shiites use the terms sayyid and habib to denote descendants from both Hasan and Husayn; see also ashraf.
To try to resolve the confusion surrounding the descendants of Muhammad, the Ottoman Caliphs during the 19th Century C.E. attempted to replicate the Almanach de Gotha (the tome listing the noble houses of Europe) to show known and verifiable lines of descent. Although not 100% complete in its scope (some lines might have been excluded due to lack of proof, although no false lines are included) the resulting "Kitab al-Ashraf" (Book of the Sharifs), kept at the Topkapi Palace Museum in Istanbul is one of the best sources of evidence of descent from Muhammad.
Lines
There are several dynasties of Alid origin (under two main branches; Sayyids and Alvis):
- Ali ibn Abi Talib
- Sayyids (by Fatimah bint Muhammad), descendants of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, through the marriage of his cousin Ali ibn Abi Talib and his daughter Fatima
- Hasan ibn Ali
- Zayd ibn Hasan
- Hasan ibn Zayd of the Zaydid dynasty of Tabaristan (Alavids)
- Hasan al-Muthanna ibn Hasan
- Abdullah al-Kamil ibn Hasan al-Muthanna
- Musa al-Jawn ibn Abdullah al-Kamil
- Ibrahim ibn Musa al-Jawn
- Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Ukhaidhir ibn Ibrahim of the Ukhaydhirite dynasty of Al-Yamamah
- Abdullah al-Salih ibn Musa al-Jawn
- Musa al-Thani ibn Abdullah al-Salih
- Sulayman ibn Abdullah al-Salih of the Sulaymanid Sharifs of Mecca and Jizan
- Ibrahim ibn Musa al-Jawn
- Ja'far ibn Abdullah al-Kamil of the Sharifs of Sousse, Tunisia
- Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya ibn Abdullah al-Kamil of the Alaouite dynasty of Morocco
- Saadid dynasty of Morocco
- Idris al-Akbar ibn Abdullah al-Kamil of the Idrisid dynasty of Morocco
- Hammudid dynasty of Algeciras, Málaga, Seville and Emirate of Granada
- Senussids of Libya
- Sulayman ibn Abdullah al-Kamil of the Sulaymanid dynasty of Tlemcen, Archgoul, Ténès (West-Algeria)[2]
- Musa al-Jawn ibn Abdullah al-Kamil
- Da'wud ibn Hasan al-Muthanna
- Sulayman ibn Da'wud of the Sulaymanid dynasty
- Ibrahim al-Ghamr ibn Hasan al-Muthanna
- Isma'il ibn Ibrahim al-Ghamr
- Ibrahim Tabataba ibn Isma'il
- Isma'il ibn Ibrahim al-Ghamr
- Abdullah al-Kamil ibn Hasan al-Muthanna
- Zayd ibn Hasan
- Husayn ibn Ali
- Imams in Isma'ilism
- Fatimids (claimed)
- Bukhari Sayyids of Bukhara
- Baha' al-Din Naqshband, the founder of the Naqshbandi order.
- The Tolje'lo and Guled dynasties of the Isaaq Sultanate as well as the Ainanshe dynasty of the Habr Yunis Sultanate through Sheikh Ishaaq bin Ahmed (founder and forefather of the Isaaq clan-family)[3][4][5]
- The Safavid dynasty claims descent from Husayn ibn Ali, sharing the first five original rulers with the Fatimids.[6] Many scholars have cast doubt on this claim, and there seems to be consensus among scholars that the Safavid family hailed from Persian Kurdistan.[7][8]
- Al Qasimi (Qawasim) dynasty of Sharjah and Ras al-Khaimah, claims descent from the 10th Imam, Ali al-Hadi.
- Descendants of saint Syed Ghulam Sadaat Dehlavi, a direct descendant of Ali ar-Ridha (includes some of the Qazi Ansaris and Muhammad-Uddin Alvis as well, through the marriage)
- Descendants of Sayyid Husayn Askari (includes some of the Ansaris or the descendants of Abu Ayyub al-Ansari as well, through the marriage)
- Hasan ibn Ali
- Alvis (By other wives of Caliph Ali), the descendants of Caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib through his wives after Fatima
- Sayyid lineage of Banu Tamim
- Shayh Edebali, closer friend of Ertuğrul
- Bala Hatun, wife of Sultan Osman I and mother of Alaeddin Paşa (it is merely not confirmed whether she was the mother of Sultan Orhan I or not).
- Ottoman dynasty (disputed)
- Bala Hatun, wife of Sultan Osman I and mother of Alaeddin Paşa (it is merely not confirmed whether she was the mother of Sultan Orhan I or not).
- Shayh Edebali, closer friend of Ertuğrul
- Saltukids
- Sayyids (by Fatimah bint Muhammad), descendants of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, through the marriage of his cousin Ali ibn Abi Talib and his daughter Fatima
Genealogical trees
This is a table of the interrelationships between the different parts of the Alid dynasties:[9]
Below is a simplified family tree of Hasan and Husayn ibn Ali. For the ancestors of ibn Ali see the family tree of Muhammad and the family tree of Ali. People in italics are considered by the majority of Sunni and Shia Muslims to be Ahl al-Bayt (People of the House). The Twelver Shia also see the 4th to 12th Imamah as Ahl al-Bayt.
Family tree of Hasan ibn Ali
The Hashemites of Sharifate of Mecca, Kings of Jordan, Syria and Iraq are descended from Hasan ibn Ali:[dubious – discuss]
The Alaouites, Kings of Morocco, are also descended from Hasan ibn Ali through Al-Hassan Ad-Dakhil[dubious – discuss]:
Genealogoical chart of the descent from Muhammad of the Idrisid dynasty, rulers of Fez and Morocco, Kings of Tunis, and the Senussi dynasty, founders and heads of the Libyan Senussi Order and Kings of Libya are also descended from Hasan ibn Ali through Idris al-Azhar.
Family tree of Husayn ibn Ali
The kin which ruled over Medina were descended from the other brother Husayn ibn Ali.
| Muhammad (Islamic prophet and messenger) | Khadijah bint Khuwaylid | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fatimah | Ali (4th Sunni Rashidun Caliph) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Muhsin ibn Ali | Hasan ibn Ali (5th Sunni Rashidun Caliph) | Husayn ibn Ali | Umm Kulthum bint Ali | Zaynab bint Ali | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shahrbanu | Rubab bint Imra al-Qais | Layla bint Abi Murrah al-Thaqafi | Umm Ishaq bint Talhah | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fatima Sughra | Sakinah bint Husayn | Ali al-Asghar ibn Husayn | Sukayna bint Husayn | Ali al-Akbar ibn Husayn | Fatimah bint Husayn | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mother of ‘Umar | Ali ibn Husayn 4th Twelver/Zaidi and 3rd Musta'li/Nizari Imam | Fatimah bint al-Hasan | Jayda al-Sindhi | Ali al-Akbar ibn Husayn | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ‘Umar al-Ashraf | Muhammad al-Baqir 5th Twelver and 4th Musta'li/Nizari Imam | Farwah bint al-Qasim (Umm Farwa) | Zayd ibn Ali 5th Zaidi Imam | Ali al-Asghar ibn Husayn | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ‘Alī | Hamidah Khatun | Ja'far al-Sadiq 6th Twelver and 5th Musta'li/Nizari Imam | Fatima bint al-Hussain'l-Athram bin al-Hasan bin Ali | Zaynab bint Husayn | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| al-Ḥasan | Musa al-Kadhim 7th Twelver Imam | Abdullah al-Aftah ibn Ja'far al-Sadiq | Isma'il ibn Jafar 6th Musta'li/Nizari Imam | Unknown | Umm Kulthum bint Husayn | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ‘Alī | Ummul Banīn Najmah | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| al-Nāṣir al-Kabīr | Ali ar-Ridha 8th Twelver Imam | Sabīkah a.k.a. Khayzurān | Muhammad ibn Ismail 7th Sevener/Musta'li/Nizari Imam | Fatima | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sumānah | Muhammad al-Taqi 9th Twelver Imam | Unknown | Ahmad al-Wafi 8th Musta'li/Nizari Imam | Other issue | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ali al-Hadi 10th Twelver Imam | Hâdise (Hadīthah) / Suzan (Sūsan) / Sevil (Savīl) | Other issue | Muhammad at-Taqi 9th Musta'li/Nizari Imam | Unknown | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hasan al-Askari 11th Twelver Imam | Narjis | Rabi Abdullah 10th Musta'li/Nizari Imam | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Muhammad al-Mahdi 12th Twelver Imam | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See also
- Family tree of Muhammad
- Genealogy of Khadijah's daughters
- Family tree of Ali
- Family tree of Hasan ibn Ali
- Family tree of Husayn ibn Ali
- Rashidun
References
- ^ Parwej, Mohammad Khalid (2015). 365 days with Sahabah. Goodword Books. Retrieved 4 July 2017.
- ^ Ibn Khaldoun, Histoire des Berbères, 2003, Berti, Alger.
- ^ الاسحاقي الصومالي, عبدالرحمن. كتاب تحفة المشتاق لنسب السيد اسحاق.
- ^ يحيى, بن نصر الله الهرري. مناقب الشيخ أبادر- متحف الشريف عبد الله في هرر.
- ^ Zaylaʻī, ʻAbd al-Raḥmān Shaykh Maḥmūd; زيلعي، عبد الرحمن شيخ محمود. (2018). al-Ṣūmāl ʻurūbatuhā wa-ḥaḍāratuhā al-Islāmīyah = Somalia's Arabism and Islamic civilization (al-Ṭabʻah al-ūlá ed.). Dubayy. ISBN 978-9948-39-903-2. OCLC 1100055464.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Kathryn Babayan, Mystics, Monarchs and Messiahs: Cultural Landscapes of Early Modern Iran, Cambridge, Massachusetts ; London : Harvard University Press, 2002. p. 143: "It is true that during their revolutionary phase (1447-1501), Safavi guides had played on their descent from the family of the Prophet. The hagiography of the founder of the Safavi order, Shaykh Safi al-Din Safvat al-Safa written by Ibn Bazzaz in 1350-was tampered with during this very phase. An initial stage of revisions saw the transformation of Safavi identity as Sunni Kurds into Arab blood descendants of Muhammad."
- ^ R.M. Savory, "Safavid Persia" in: Ann Katherine Swynford Lambton, Peter Malcolm Holt, Bernard Lewis, The Cambridge History of Islam, Cambridge University Press, 1977. p. 394: "They (Safavids after the establishment of the Safavid state) fabricated evidence to prove that the Safavids were Sayyids."
- ^ RM Savory, Safavids, Encyclopedia of Islam, 2nd ed.
- ^ Daftary, Farhad. "ʿAlids." Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE. Edited by: Gudrun Krämer, Denis Matringe, John Nawas, Everett Rowson. Brill Online, 2014.
- ^ Al-Yasin, Shaykh Radi. "1". Sulh al-Hasan. Jasim al-Rasheed. Qum: Ansariyan Publications. p. 4.
- ^ Madelung, "Al-Ukhaydir," p. 792
- ^ The Hashemites: Jordan's Royal Family
- ^ Stitt, George (1948). A Prince of Arabia, the Amir Shereef Ali Haider. George Allen & Unwin, London.
- ^ Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (1996). The New Islamic Dynasties. Edinburgh University Press.
- ^ Antonius, George (1946). The Arab Awakening. Capricorn Books, New York.
- ^ The Hashemites, 1827-present
- ^ "Morocco (Alaoui Dynasty)". Usa-morocco.org. Archived from the original on 2005-08-29. Retrieved 2014-01-01.
- ^ a b Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh (1980). Burke's Royal Families of the World: Africa & the Middle East. Burke's Peerage.
