List of linguists

A linguist in the academic sense is a person who studies linguistics. Ambiguously, the word is sometimes also used to refer to a polyglot (one who knows more than 2 languages), or a grammarian, but these two uses of the word are distinct. The word linguistician is also used by some people to refer to one who studies linguistics, in order to avoid this ambiguity, although this word is rare, and generally disliked by linguists. Academic linguists do not have to be polyglots.

The following is a list of linguists. See modern linguists for those whose work follows the program of structural linguists.

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A

• Abdul Haq, Maulvi (India, 1870-1961), Urdu language
• Aikhenvald, Alexandra Yurievna (Russia, 1957-), syntax, typology, Amazonian languages, Papuan languages, Hebrew, Russian
• Aitken, Adam Jack (UK, 1921-1998), lexicography
• Albright, William Foxwell (USA, 1891-1971)
• Aristar, Anthony (USA, 1948- ), linguistic infrastructure
• Aronoff, Mark (Canada, 1949-), morphology
• Austin, John Langshaw (UK, 1911-1960), philosophy of language, speech act

B

• Bach, Emmon (USA, 1929-), syntax, phonology, Haisla language
• Baker, Mark (USA), Mohawk language, generative grammar
• Bally, Charles (Switzerland, 1865-1947), French language, phraseology
• Bardovi-Harlig, Kathleen (USA, 1954-) second language acquisition, tense and aspect, pragmatics
• Bar-Hillel, Yehoshua (Israel, 1915-1975), machine translation, categorial grammar
• Baudouin de Courtenay, Jan Niecisław (Poland, 1845-1929), phonology, Polish language
• Berlitz, Charles Frambach (USA, 1914-2003), language acquisition
• Bhartrihari (India, 450–510), Sanskrit
• Bickerton, Derek (USA, 1926-), creole languages, origin of language
• Bleek, Wilhelm Heinrich Immanuel (Germany, 1827-1875), languages of Africa
• Bloch, Bernard (USA, 1907-1965), Japanese language
• Bloch, Jules (France, 1880-1953), languages of India
• Bloomfield, Leonard (USA , 1887-1949), structural linguistics
• Boas, Franz (USA, 1858-1942), indigenous languages of the Americas
• Boersma, Paul (Netherlands, 1959-), phonetics
• Bolinger, Dwight (USA, 1907-1992), semantics
• Bopp, Franz (Germany, 1791-1867), Indo-European languages, comparative linguistics
• Bresnan, Joan (USA, 1945-), syntax
• Brody, Michael (Hungary, 1954-), syntax
• Brugmann, Karl (Germany, 1849-1919), Indo-European languages, Sanskrit, comparative linguistics
• Burgess, Anthony (England, 1917–1993), English, Nadsat, phonetics

C

• Campbell, Lyle (USA), Native American languages
• Canger, Una (Denmark, 1938-), Mesoamerican languages
• Capell, Arthur (Australia, 1902-1986), Australian languages, Austronesian languages, Papuan languages
• Carnap, Rudolf (Germany, 1891-1970), syntax, constructed languages
• Carnie, Andrew (Canada, 1969-), syntax
• Chadwick, John (UK, 1920-1998), Linear B
• Champollion, Jean-François (France, 1790-1832), Egyptian hieroglyphs
• Chomsky, Noam (USA, 1928-), syntax, universal grammar
• Clyne, Michael George (Australia), Germanic languages
• Comrie, Bernard (UK, 1947-), typology
• Cowper, Elizabeth (Canada), syntax
• Croft, William (USA, 1956-), syntax, cognitive linguistics
• Crystal, David (UK, 1941-), English language, language death

D

• Vladimir Dahl (Russia)
• Amy Dahlstrom
• Anne Daladier (France)
• Probal Dasgupta (India), South Asian linguistics
• Donald Davidson (USA, 1917-2003)
• Veneeta Dayal (India), South Asian linguistics, semantics
• Ayse Pamir Dietrich (Turkey), Ankara University,Faculty of Letters,Turkey, Russian and Turkish syntax and phonology
• Ferdinand deHaan (Dutch), typology
• Richard Demers (USA), phonetics, native American languages
• Ali Akbar Dehkhoda (Iran, 1879–1959)
• Scott DeLancey (USA), syntax, semantics, Tibeto-Burman, Native languages of the Pacific Northwest (of the US)
• Berthold Delbrück (Germany, 1842-1922)
• Otto Dempwolff (Germany, 1871-1938), Austronesian languages
• Molly Diesing
• R. M. W. Dixon (UK/Australia, 1939-), syntax, typology, Australian languages, Amazonian languages, Fijian
• Josef Dobrovský (Czech Republic)
• Clement Martyn Doke (South Africa, 1893-1980), Bantu languages
• Aharon Dolgopolsky (Russia/Israel, 1930-)
• Patricia Donegan (USA)
• Edgardo Donovan (USA/Italy, 1974-)
• Sheila Dooley (USA)
• Ray C. Dougherty (USA)
• Ángela Downing
• B. Elan Dresher (Canada), (phonology)
• Wolfgang U. Dressler (Austria), (phonology, morphology, text linguistics, child language development)
• Konrad Duden (Germany)
• Donald Dyer
• Ahmad Hasan Dani

E

• Penelope Eckert, sociolinguistics, (USA)
• Umberto Eco (Italy, 1932-)
• Murvet Enç
• Desederius Erasmus
• Tevfik Esenç (Turkey 1904-1992), Ubykh
• Daniel Everett (1951-)
• Karen Everett
• Michael Everson (USA/Ireland, 1963-), (writing systems)
• Colin J. Ewen (1951-), phonology, English, Scots, Dutch
• Eugenio Coseriu, Romanian

F

• Salifu Faal (Gambia)
• Charles J. Fillmore (USA, 1929-)
• Franck Floricic (France/Italy)
• William Foley (Australia), Papuan languages, Austronesian languages
• Sandiway Fong (USA), computational linguistics, parsing
• Michael Forman
• Amy Fountain (USA), phonology, Navajo,
• Danny Fox (USA)
• Johannes Friedrich (Germany)

G

• Alexandru Gafton (Romania, 1966-)
• Brent Galloway (1944-)
• Tamaz Gamkrelidze (Georgia, 1929-)
• Gerald Gazdar (UK, 1950-)
• Jan Gebauer (Czech)
• Dirk Geeraerts (Belgium)
• Stefan Georg (Germany, 1962-)
• LouAnn Gerken (USA), language acquisition
• Badri Gharib (Iran)
• Anastasia Giannakidou (Greece), semantics
• Talmy Givón (Palestine/USA), syntax, semantics, pragmatics, typology, functionalism
• Heinz Giegerich (Germany)
• Andrew Goatly (UK)
• Heather Goad (Canada)
• Alexander Gode (Germany, USA)
• Adele Goldberg
• John Goldsmith, USA
• Rosa A. Gonzalez (Ecuador, 1959-)
• George Grace
• David Graham (1971-), phonetics and language constructs
• Sidney Greenbaum (UK, 1929-1996)
• Joseph Greenberg (USA, 1914-2001), typology, language universals
• (Herbert) Paul Grice (UK, 1913-1988), pragmatics
• Jakob Grimm (Germany, 1785-1863), historical / comparative linguistics
• Yosef Grodzinsky
• Andrea Gualmini
• John J. Gumperz
• Lakhan Gusain (India, 1966-), descriptive grammar, Rajasthani language
• Gene D. Matlock
• George Abraham Grierson (Scotland), Linguistic Survey of India

H

• Harald Haarmann (Germany)
• Mary Haas
• Jan Hajič (Czechia)
• Eva Hajičová (Czechia), (1935-)
• Kenneth L. Hale (USA, 1934-2001)
• Kira Hall (USA), sociocultural linguistics
• Morris Halle (USA, 1923-), phonology, morphology
• Michael Halliday (UK/Australia, 1925-)
• Michael Hammond (USA, 1957-), phonology, computational linguistics
• Heidi Harley (USA, 1969-), distributed morphology, syntax
• John Peabody Harrington
• James Harris (1709-1780)
• John Harris
• Roy Harris (UK, 1931-)
• Zellig Harris (USA, 1909-1992)
• Martin Haspelmath (Germany, 1963-), syntax, morphology
• John Hawkins (1947-)
• Sarah Hawkins
• Samuel Ichiye Hayakawa (USA, 1906-1992)
• Bruce Hayes (USA), phonology
• Valerie Hazan
• Irene Heim (USA/Germany), semantics
• Bernd Heine (Germany)
• Randall Hendrick, syntax
• Luc Herman (Belgium)
• John Napoleon Brinton Hewitt,(1859-1937, USA, specialized in Iroquoian dialects)
• Louis Hjelmslev (Denmark, 1899-1965)
• Charles F. Hockett (USA, 1914-2000)
• Harry Hoijer
• Harry Hollien
• Paul Hopper
• Peter E. Hook (USA), Indo-Aryan Languages Rajasthani language
• Norbert Hornstein, syntax
• Jill House
• Bedřich Hrozný (Czech Republic, 1879-1952)
• Mark Huckvale
• Wilhelm von Humboldt (Germany, 1787-1835)
• Rodney Huddleston (UK/Australia)
• Richard Hudson (UK, 1939-) syntax, word grammar
• Khaled Huthaily (USA), English-Arabic Contrastive Linguistics
• Dell Hymes (USA), Sociolinguistics

I

• Sabine Iatridou (USA/Greece, 1958-)
• Vladislav Illich-Svitych (Russia/Ukraine, 1934-1966)
• Frances Ingemann
• Vyacheslav Vsevolodovich Ivanov (Russia, 1929)
• Pavle Ivić (Serbia, 1924-1999)

J

• Ray Jackendoff (USA, 1945-), syntax, lexical semantics
• Florian Jaeger (Germany, 1976-)
• Vatroslav Jagić (Croatia, 1838-1923)
• Roman Jakobson (Russia/Czechia/USA, 1896-1982)
• Jay Jasanoff (USA), Indo-European
• Katarzyna Jaszczolt (Poland)
• K. A. Jayaseelan (India), South Asian linguistics, syntax
• Eloise Jelinek (USA), syntax
• Otto Jespersen (Denmark, 1860-1943)
• David E. Johnson (USA, 1946-), syntax
• Keith Johnson
• Sir Alexander Johnstone, Indian linguist and co-founder of Royal Asiatic Society
• Dianne Jonas (USA), Syntax, Scandinavian languages
• Daniel Jones (UK, 1881-1967)
• Sir William Jones (UK, 1746-1794)
• Allard Jongman
• Brian Joseph
• Aravind Joshi
• Dan Jurafsky

K

• Ronald Kaplan, computational linguistics
• Vuk Stefanović Karadžić (Serbia, 1787-1864)
• Simin Karimi (Iran/USA), syntax
• Lauri Karttunen (1941-), computational morphology, semantics
• Ahmad Kasravi (Iran, 1890-1946)
• Terrence Kaufman, Mesoamerican historical linguistics, contact linguistics, fieldwork
• Martin Kay, computational linguistics
• Paul Kay (USA), construction grammar
• Richard Kayne
• Patricia Keating phonetics
• John Kelly phonetics phonology
• Michael Kenstowicz
• Madjid Khalilov (Russia), languages of Dagestan
• Ayesha Kidwai (India), syntax, Hindi-Urdu
• Tracy Holloway King (1966-), grammar engineering
• M. Dale Kinkade
• Paul Kiparsky (Finland/USA, 1941-)
• Yuri Knorosov (Soviet Union, 1922-1999), (Maya hieroglyphics)
• Alice Kober (UK, 1907-1950), (Linear B)
• Ekkehard König (Germany), reflexives and intensifiers
• Hilda Koopman (1953-)
• Hans van de Koot
• Jan Koster (Netherlands, 1945-)
• Đorđe Kostić (Serbia, 1909-1995), speech recognition, machine translation, phonetics, phonology
• Stephen Krashen
• Angelika Kratzer (USA/Germany), semantics
• Michael Krauss
• Bhadriraju Krishnamurti (India, 1929-), Dravidian languages
• Alfred L. Kroeber
• Henry Kucera (Hungary, 1925-)
• Deny Arnos Kwary (Indonesian, 1975-)
• Krisadawan Hongladarom (Thailand),syntax,pragmatics and discourse studies,ethnolinguistics,Tibetan linguistics,linguistics field methods
• Kalaya Tingsabadh (Thailand),phonetics,phonology,dialectology
• Kingkarn Thepkanjana (Thailand),syntax,semantics,cognitive linguistics,linguistic typology

L

• William Labov (USA, 1927-), founder of sociolinguistics
• Peter Ladefoged (1925-2006), phonetics, language conservation
• Itziar Laka (1962-), syntax
• George Lakoff (USA, 1941-)
• Robin Lakoff (1942-), sociolinguistics
• Sydney Lamb (USA, 1929-)
• D. Terrence Langendoen (USA), syntax, semantics, computational linguistics, mathematical linguistics
• Richard Larson, syntax
• Howard Lasnik (1945-), syntax
• John Lawler, (USA), syntax, semantics, computational linguistics
• Donald Laycock, (Australia), languages of Papua New Guinea, anthropology
• Karl Richard Lepsius (Germany, 1810-1884)
• Adrienne Lehrer (America), lexical semantics, pragmatics
• August Leskien (Germany, 1840-1916)
• Stephen C. Levinson (England) pragmatics
• Fran Levstik (Slovenia, 1831 - 1881)
• Charles N. Li (China)
• Yafei Li, syntax
• Alvin Liberman
• Mark Liberman
• David Lightfoot (1945-)
• Lin Hua (China)
• John Lipski
• John Local (UK), phonetics, phonology,conversation analysis
• Philip Locke
• Ken Lodge
• Floyd Lounsbury (USA1914 - 1998) North American Indian Languages, Mayan
• Guy Sumner Lowman, Jr. (USA, 1909-1941)
• Fred Lukoff (USA, 1920-2000), (Korean language)

M

• Monica Macaulay
• Marlys Macken
• Brian MacWhinney
• Diane Massam (Canada), syntax
• Miura Tsutomu (1911-1989), Japanese language
• Pádraic I. M. MacUidhir
• Ian Maddieson
• Anoop Mahajan (India), Hindi-Urdu syntax
• Susan Major
• Radhika Mamidi (India), pragmatics, computational linguistics
• Amy Mangan
• Sean Mann (USA), Korean language
• Alec Marantz
• Nikolay Yakovlevich Marr (Russia/Republic of Georgia, 1864-1934)
• André Martinet
• Joan Mascaro
• Vilém Mathesius (Czechia, 1882 – 1945)
• Peter Matthews (UK, 1934-)
• Stephen Matthews (UK), Cantonese
• John J. McCarthy
• Sam A. Mchombo (Chichewa) Cambridge, United Kingdom Malawi
• James McCloskey (Ireland), syntax
• James D. McCawley, USA
• Martha McGinnis (Canada), syntax
• Cecile McKee (USA), language acquisition
• John McWhorter (USA), Creole languages
• Carl Meinhof (Germany, 1857-1944)
• Alan Melby (United States), computational linguistics
• Jason Merchant
• Franc Miklošič (Slovenia, 1813-1891)
• Carl Mills (USA, 1942-2003)
• Ken Miner
• Marianne Mithun
• K.P.Mohanan ( Singapore/India, 1947-)
• Yümjiriin Mönkh-Amgalan, (Mongolia), modality, pragmatics, semantics, syntax
• Richard Montague (USA, 1930-1971)
• Motoori Norinaga (Japan, 1730-1801), Japanese language of the Edo period
• Salikoko Mufwene, USA
• Jan Mukařovský (Czechia, 1891 - 1975)
• Gereon Müller (Germany, 1964), syntax
• Pamela Munro (USA)

N

• Ádám Nádasdy
• Ad Neeleman
• Marina Nespor
• Johanna Nichols, Slavic languages
• Janet Nicol (USA), language acquisition
• Jon Nissenbaum
• Francis Nolan
• Frederick Newmeyer
• Jerry Norman, Chinese language

O

• William O'Grady
• Diane Ohala, (USA, 1966-), language acquisition, phonology
• John Ohala, phonetics
• Hermann Osthoff (Germany, 1847-1909)
• Karel Oštir (Slovenia, 1888-1973)
• Janez Orešnik (Slovenia, 1935-), comparative linguistics
• Harold Orton (UK, 1898-1975), phonology, dialectology, Survey of English Dialects
• Marc Okrand, Klingon language
• Walter J. Ong (USA)
• Emrah Ozcan (Turkiye, 1980-), lexicography

P

• Pāṇini (India, c. 520-460 BC), Sanskrit grammar, formal grammar, descriptive linguistics, generative linguistics, mathematical linguistics
• Barbara Partee (b. Germany, b. 1940), mathematical linguistics
• Hermann Paul (Germany, 1864-1940)
• Andrew Pawley
• Holger Pedersen (Denmark, 1867-1953)
• Mario Pei (USA/Italy, 1901-1978)
• David Pesetsky (1957-)
• Ann Peters, language acquisition, prosody
• Robert Phillipson (UK, 1942-)
• Massimo Piattelli-Palmarini (Italy), biology of language
• Janet Pierrehumbert, phonetics, phonology
• Kenneth L. Pike (USA, 1912-2000)
• Steven Pinker
• Glyne Piggott (Canada)
• Predrag Piper (Serbia), (Slavic languages)
• Vittore Pisani (Italy, 1899-1991) (historical linguistics)
• Jean-Yves Pollock, syntax
• Hans Jakob Polotsky (1905-1991)
• Giovanni Pontiero
• Rebecca Posner
• Paul Postal (USA, 1936-), syntax
• Dennis Preston
• Alan S. Prince
• Ernst Pulgram, Italic languages, Romance languages
• Geoffrey Pullum (UK/USA, 1945-), syntax
• James D. Pustejovsky (USA)
• Clifton Pye
• Thomas Pyles
• Pranee Kullavanijaya (Thailand), syntax, semantics, comparative historical linguistics, Tai languages

Q

• Randolph Quirk (UK)

R

• Juan Bautista Rael (USA, 1900 - 1993)
• Fran Ramovš (Slovenia, 1890-1952)
• Robert Rankin
• Eduardo Raposo
• Rasmus Christian Rask (Denmark, 1787-1832)
• Charles Read
• Kenneth Rehg
• Lawrence A. Reid
• Keren Rice (USA/Canada), phonology, First Nations languages
• Norvin Richards (USA), syntax
• Elizabeth (Betsy) Ritter (Canada), syntax
• Luigi Rizzi (1952-) (Italy), syntax
• Ian Roberts (UK, 1957-), syntax
• Paul Roberts, syntax
• Maribel Romero (Spain), semantics
• Sara Thomas Rosen, syntax, lexical semantics
• Háj John R. Ross (USA), syntax, poetics
• Malcolm Ross, Austronesian languages, Papuan languages
• Alain Rouveret (France), syntax
• Jerzy Rubach (Poland / USA, 1948-), phonology
• Merritt Ruhlen (USA)
• Mihaj N. Radan (Romania)
• Rungpat Roengpitya (Thailand), phonetics, phonology, language and culture, applied linguistics
• Peter Rajendran & Jayamary Rajendran, Phonemic Summary of Gamit & Grammar of Gamit

Rani Rubdy Sumant (Applied Linguist)

S

• Harvey Sacks (USA), Conversation analysis
• Hiralal Shukla (India), semiotics, body language
• Jerrold Sadock, USA
• Ivan Sag (USA)
• Joseph Salmons
• Geoffrey Sampson (UK, 1944-)
• Nathan Sanders (USA), phonology
• Beatrice Santorini
• Edward Sapir (USA, 1884-1939)
• Ferdinand de Saussure (Switzerland, 1857-1913)
• Irena Sawicka (Poland)
• Archibald Henry Sayce (UK, 1845-1933), (Akkadian language)
• August Schleicher (Germany, 1821-1868), Indo-European languages
• Johannes Schmidt (Germany, 1843-1901)
• Wilhelm Schmidt (Germany, 1868-1954)
• Russell Schuh
• John Searle (USA, 1932-)
• Elizabeth Selkirk
• Sequoyah (USA, 1760-1843), (Cherokee)
• Joan Sereno
• Eemil Nestor Setälä (Finland, 1864-1935)
• Petr Sgall (Czechia, 1926-)
• Sibawayh(i) (d.793), Persian language
• Eduard Sievers (Germany, 1850-1932)
• John V. Singler
• Neil Smith
• Paul Smolensky
• William Snyder (USA) language acquisition
• Dominique Sportiche
• Richard Sproat (USA), computational linguistics
• David Stampe (USA)
• Stanley Starosta (USA)
• Georgiy Starostin (Russia, 1976)
• Sergei Starostin (Russia, 1953-2005), historical linguistics
• Luc Steels (Belgian), computational linguistics
• Donca Steriade (USA/Romania)
• Zdzisław Stieber (Poland)
• Gregory Stump (USA)
• Karumuri Venkata Subbarao (India), syntax, South Asian languages
• Takao Suzuki (Japan), Japanese language
• Morris Swadesh (USA), typology
• Zdenko Škreb (Croatia)
• C.Shackle London (1941-)
• Suda Rangkupan (Thailand), syntax, semantics, discourse analysis, narratives and cognitive linguistics
• Sudaporn Luksaneeyanawin (Thailand), phonetics, phonology, speech technology, psycholinguistics, applied linguistics, stylistics

T

• Leonard Talmy
• Deborah Tannen (USA, 1951-)
• Julee Tate
• Bruce Tesar
• Sarah Thomason
• Eric Thompson (USA, 1898-1975)
• Laurence C. Thompson
• Sandra A. Thompson, syntax, Chinese language
• Tokieda Motoki (Japanese, 1900-1967)
• J. R. R. Tolkien (UK, 1892-1973)
• George L. Trager
• Larry Trask (USA, 1944-2004)
• Lisa deMena Travis (Canada), syntax, Malagasy
• Thomas Norman (UK, Child Prodigy)
• Nikolai Sergeevich Trubetzkoy (Russia, 1890-1938)
• Peter Trudgill, sociolinguistics, English language
• Theraphan Luangthongkum (Thailand), phonetics, comparative and historical linguistics, Southeast Asian linguistics, linguistics field methods, lexicography

U

• Engin Uzun, Turkey
• J. Marshall Unger (USA, 1947-), Japanese language
• Juan Uriagereka (Spain/Basque Country), syntax
• Adam Ussishkin (USA), phonology, Semitic languages

V

• Hans van de Koot
• Teun A. Van Dijk (Netherlands, 1943-), pragmatics, discourse analysis
• George van Driem (Netherlands), Tibeto-Burman languages
• Robert Van Valin, Jr.
• Max Vasmer (Russia/Germany, 1886-1962)
• Calvin Veltman (USA/Quebec)--sociolinguistics: language shift, bilingualism, assimilation
• Michael Ventris (UK, 1922-1956), Linear B
• Jean-Roger Vergnaud (France)
• Karl Verner (Denmark, 1846-1896)
• Valentin Voloshinov (Russia)
• Alexander Vovin (Russia/USA)
• Vichin Panupong (Thailand), syntax, dialectology, comparative historical linguistics

W

• Jacob Wackernagel (Switzerland, 1853–1938), Indo-European languages, Sanskrit
• Gregory Ward
• Natasha Warner (USA), phonetics
• Gerigje Catharina Wakker (Netherlands, 1985-)
• Thomas Wasow
• Andrew Wedel (USA), phonology
• John Wells (UK, 1939-)
• Paul Werth (UK)
• John Westbury
• Diedrich Westermann (Germany, 1875-1956)
• Ernst Oswald Johannes Westphal (1919-1990)
• Lydia White
• John B. Whitman
• Benjamin Lee Whorf (USA, 1897-1941)
• Søren Wichmann (Denmark, 1964-), Mesoamerican languages, Mixe-Zoquean, Mayan, Maya script
• Henry Widdowson (UK)
• Anna Wierzbicka (Poland, 1938-)
• Edwin Williams, syntax
• Nicholas Williams (1943-)
• MaryAnn Willie, syntax, Navajo language
• David Willis, syntax
• Deirdre Wilson
• Robert Dick Wilson (USA, 1856–1930)
• Henri Wittmann (1937-)
• Walt Wolfram
• Arok Wolvengrey
• Alison Wray
• Stephen Wurm (Australia, 1922-2001), Trans New Guinea languages

Y

• Malcah Yaeger-Dror, sociolinguistics
• Yamada Yoshio (Japan)
• Victor Yngve (USA, 1920-)
• Androula Yiakoumetti (Cyprus)
• Moira Yip
• Richard Young

Z

• Annie Zaenen, syntax
• Karen Zagona, syntax
• L. L. Zamenhof (Poland, 1859-1917), creator of Esperanto
• Raffaella Zanuttini, syntax
• Draga Zec
• Ofelia Zepeda, Tohono O'odham language
• Ghil'ad Zuckermann (Israeli/UK), Semitic languages, Indo-European languages
• Arnold Zwicky, (USA, 1940), syntax, morphology, syntactic variation
• Ziahosseini, (Iran)