List of world records in athletics
[[File:100 m final Berlin 2009.JPG|thumb|right|ayush mani beating [[Declan puffy] and setting a 100 m world record at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics in Berlin.]]
World records in athletics are ratified by the International Association of Athletics Federations. Athletics records comprise the best performances in the sports of track and field, road running and racewalking.
Records are kept for all events contested at the Olympic Games and some others. Unofficial records for some other events are kept by track and field statisticians. The only non-metric track distance for which official records are kept is the mile run.
Criteria
The Criteria which must be satisfied for ratification also apply to national or other restricted records and also to performances submitted as qualifying marks for eligibility to compete in major events such as the Olympic Games.
The criteria include:
- The dimensions of the track and equipment used must conform to standards. In road events, the course must be accurately measured, by a certified measurer.
- Except in road events (road running and race walking), the performance must be set in a single-sex race,[1] with the sole exception of the mixed-sex 4x400m relay, introduced by the IAAF in 2017.[2] However, the IAAF has yet to recognise a world record in this particular event.
- All team members in a relay race must be of the same nationality.
- Pacemakers are allowed, provided they have not been lapped; lapped athletes must give way.
- Drug testing immediately after the performance is now required for ratification of a record. Existing records which predate this requirement are still extant. Athletes who pass the immediate test but are later found to have been on drugs have their performances invalidated.
- In running events up to 200 m in distance and in horizontal jump events, wind assistance is permitted only up to 2.0 m/s. In decathlon or heptathlon, average wind assistance of less than 2.0 m/s is required across all applicable disciplines; and maximum of 4.0 m/s in any one event.
- In running events up to 800 m in distance, photo finish fully automatic timing is required.
- There is no restriction on altitude; since the thinner atmosphere of higher altitude provides less air resistance, locations such as Mexico City and Sestriere have previously been the sites of records in the sprint and jump events. See effects of high altitude on humans. Records set at high altitude venues are often marked with an "A" though that does not disqualify it as a record. Under those circumstances, a "sea level" best is also tracked by statisticians. Long-distance races run at altitude, with less oxygen available to the athlete, have been shown to be to the athlete's disadvantage.
- In road events, the course is not required to be a circuit, but the overall decrease in elevation between the start and finish shall not exceed 1:1000, i.e. 1 m/km.
- In road events, the start and finish points of a course, measured along a theoretical straight line between them, shall not be further apart than 50% of the race distance.
Bonus payments
Witnessing a world record brings great pleasure for athletics fans, and athletes' personal sponsors and promoters of major meetings such as the IAAF Diamond League and its predecessor, the IAAF Golden League have offered bonuses to athletes breaking a record.
Some middle-distance runners have specialized in acting as pacemakers in longer races, receiving a fee without even finishing the race, and possibly a bonus if a record results. This is a useful occupation for athletes who are capable of running accurately to a specified pace, but not capable of the very fastest times to become champions in their own right.
In the pole vault record bonuses create an incentive for an athlete capable of smashing a record to instead break it by the minimum amount (one centimetre), multiple times, at multiple meetings, in order to accumulate multiple bonuses. This has been done by Sergey Bubka in the men's pole vault, and Yelena Isinbayeva in the women's pole vault.[3] Some commentators have complained that neither athlete ever posted as high a mark as they were capable of. In any other discipline, except in the high jump, this issue does not arise, since it is practically impossible to deliberately break a record by a small margin.
World records
The IAAF commenced the recognition of world records in 1912, and indoor world records after 1987. In 2000, IAAF rule 260.18a (formerly 260.6a) was amended, so that "world records" (as opposed to "indoor world records") can be set in a facility "with or without roof." This rule was not applied retroactively,[4] and has, thus far, only affected the men's and women's pole vault. The women's record has been advanced 9 times indoors by three different women, each ratified as a world record. The last record to be set indoors was in 2004. Sergey Bubka's 1993 pole vault world indoor record of 6.15 m was not considered to be a world record, because it was set before the new rule came into effect. In February 2014, Bubka's record was surpassed indoors by Renaud Lavillenie jumping 6.16 m which qualifies as both the Indoor world record and the world record.
One current IAAF-sanctioned event, the mixed-sex 4x400 m relay, does not have any recognised world record.
Key to tables
Awaiting ratification will not be ratified by IAAF
h = hand timing
+ = en route to a longer distance
A = affected by altitude
OT = oversized track
X = annulled due to doping violations
# = not officially ratified by IAAF
a = aided road course according to IAAF rule 260.28
est = estimate
i = set indoors (overall world record tables only)
Men
Women
Indoor world records
Men
Women
Best performances in non-IAAF World Record events
Events which do not qualify for IAAF-ratified world records are typically referred to as world bests. While very common in the first half of 20th century, a large number of races over distances by imperial measurements became rare occurrences and the IAAF removed all imperial measured events from its world record lists in 1976 – with the sole exception being the mile run (which remains common due to its historical prominence in track and field).
Some road racing distances and indoor variations of outdoor events fall outside of IAAF's lists. Records set in uncommon events usually do not adhere to the strict criteria found in IAAF-ratifiable events. One example is the 150 metres record, which was set by Usain Bolt on a specially-made straight track, while previous performances (such as the Bailey–Johnson 150-metre race) were completed on a traditional circuit which included a partial bend in the track.
The 40-yard dash – a standard acceleration evaluation for American Football players – does not fall within the usual criteria of athletics racing events. In most 40-yard dashes, reaction times are not recorded as timing starts only once the player is in motion, and the standards for timing a "football 40" are so lax and inconsistent that a real world record cannot be claimed. Performances are hand-timed and calculated to 1/100th of a second, although studies show human beings simply cannot react consistently or accurately enough for this to be a valid method; even those using light beams are timed by the motion of the athlete, still removing the normal factor of reaction time. Football 40-yard dashes are usually run on a turf surface, as opposed to an all weather track. All these factors make track and "football 40" performances incomparable. The world best time for a "football 40" is 4.17 by Deion Sanders. The extrapolated best for an Olympic level athlete, including reacting to a starting gun, currently is by Maurice Greene at the 2001 World Championships in Athletics with a time of 4.24.[85]
Outdoor events
Men
Women
Indoor events
Men
Women
Notes
Javelin specifications
The men's javelin specification was changed with effect from 1986, and the women's from 2000. The purpose was to reduce the number of illegal flat landings, but a side-effect was to reduce the distance travelled. The prior world records in individual men's and women's javelin were invalidated, but the prior records in decathlon and heptathlon were not.[190]
The old specification records for men's and women's javelin were as follows:
| Event | Record | Athlete | Nat. | Date | Meeting | Location | Ctry. | Ref(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men's | 104.80 m
|
Uwe Hohn |  GDR
|
20 Jul 1984
|
East Berlin | GDR
|
||
| Women's | 80.00 m
|
Petra Felke | GDR
|
9 Sep 1988
|
Potsdam | GDR
|
The current decathlon world record was set with the current javelin specification. The best performance in heptathlon using the new specification javelin is:
| Performance | Athlete | Nat. | Date | Meeting | Location | Ctry. | Ref(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
7032
|
Carolina Klüft |  SWE
|
26 Aug 2007
|
World Championships | Osaka |  JPN
|
[191] |
| 13.15 (+0.1 m/s) (100 m hurdles), 1.95 m (high jump), 14.81 m (shot put), 23.38 (+0.3 m/s) (200 m) / 6.85 m (+1.0 m/s) (long jump), 47.98 m[av] (javelin), 2:12.56 (800 m) | |||||||
Other Notes
- ^ a b Up until 2004, the fastest time in the marathon was officially known as "world's best time" rather than "world record time", owing to the non-uniform nature of marathon courses. This older terminology is still sometimes encountered.
- ^ This race, known as Breaking2, did not meet a number of the IAAF guidelines to become a world record. A few guidelines that were broken were pacers entering and exiting the race, there were only three racers, and it was a 2.4km loop.
- ^ a b c See javelin specifications below.
- ^ 100m: 10.55 (0.3m/s), LJ: 7.80m (1.2m/s), SP: 16.00m, HJ: 2.05m, 400m: 48.42, 110mH: 13.75 (−1.1m/s), DT: 50.54m, PV: 5.45m, JT: 71.90m, 1500m: 4:36.11
- ^ Actually 1:17:25.5 but ratified as 1:17:25.6.
- ^ A time of 2:54.20 set by the United States at Uniondale on 22 July 1998 was rescinded by the IAAF on 12 August 2008 after relay team member Antonio Pettigrew admitted to using human growth hormone and EPO between 1997 and 2003.
- ^ Leg 1 (1200m) Kyle Merber 2:53.56
Leg 2 (400m) Brycen Spratling 45.95
Leg 3 (800 m) Brandon Johnson 1:44.75
Leg 4 (1600 m) Ben Blankenship 3:51.24 - ^ Leg 1 (5km) Josephat Ndambiri 13:24
Leg 2 (10km) Martin Mathathi 27:12
Leg 3 (5km) Daniel Muchunu Mwangi 13:59
Leg 4 (10km) Mekubo Mogusu 27:56
Leg 5 (5km) Onesmus Nyerre 14:36
Leg 6 (7.195km) John Kariuki 19:59 - ^ It is widely believed that the anemometer was faulty for the race in which Florence Griffith Joyner set the official world record for the women's 100 m of 10.49 s.[38] A 1995 report commissioned by the IAAF estimated the true wind speed was between +5.0 m/s and +7.0 m/s, rather than the 0.0 recorded.[38] If this time, recorded in the quarter-final of the 1988 U.S. Olympic trials, were excluded, the world record would be 10.61 s, recorded the next day at the same venue by the same athlete in the final.[38]
[39] - ^ a b c d Both marks recognized as official world record until mixed mark is surpassed.
- ^ 100mH: 12.69 (+0.5m/s), HJ: 1.86m, SP: 15.80m, 200m: 22.56 (+1.6m/s), LJ: 7.27m(+0.7m/s), JT: 45.66m, 800m: 2:08.51
- ^ 100m: 12.49, LJ: 6.12m, SP: 16.42m, HJ: 1.78m, 400m: 57.19, 100mH: 14.22, DT: 46.19m, PV: 3.10m, JT: 48.78m, 1500m: 5:15.86
- ^ Leg 1 (1200m) Treniere Moser 3:18.38
Leg 2 (400m) Sanya Richards-Ross 50.12
Leg 3 (800m) Ajee' Wilson 2:00.08
Leg 4 (1600m) Shannon Rowbury 4:27.92 - ^ Leg1 (5km) Jiang Bo 15:42
Leg 2 (10km) Dong Yanmei 31:36
Leg 3 (5km) Zhao Fengdi 15:16
Leg 4 (10km) Ma Zaijie 31:01
Leg 5 (5km) Lan Lixin 15:50
Leg 6 (7.195km) Li Na 22:16 - ^ a b This time was rescinded after Johnson admitted using steroids between 1981 and 1988.
- ^ Insufficient or no doping control.
- ^ 2nd and 4th jumps in series.
- ^ 60m: 6.79, LJ: 8.16m, SP: 14.56m, HJ: 2.03m, 60mH: 7.68, PV: 5.20m, 1000m: 2:32.77
- ^ University of Southern California team:
Leg 1 Zach Shinnick (46.24)
Leg 2 Ray Benjamin (44.35)
Leg 3 Ricky Morgan Jr. (45.67)
Leg 4 Michael Norman (44.52) - ^ Time rejected as a record as Benjamin has represented Antigua & Barbuda internationally while at least one of the others has represented the United States internationally
- ^ University of Southern California team:
Leg 1 Ilolo Izu (46.57)
Leg 2 Robert Grant (44.83)
Leg 3 Devin Dixon (45.48)
Leg 4 Mylik Kerley (44.51) - ^ Hoka One One New Jersey*New York Track Club team:
Leg 1 Joe McAsey (1:48.78)
Leg 2 Kyle Merber (1:47.84)
Leg 3 Chris Giesting (1:47.35)
Leg 4 Jesse Garn (1:47.14) - ^ Athlete failed a doping test.
- ^ Insufficient or no doping control.
- ^ 60mH: 8.38, HJ: 1.84m, SP: 16.51m, LJ: 6.57m, 800m: 2:11.15
- ^ No international judges.
- ^ Calculated.
- ^ Calculated./ 6.38 by other sources
- ^ Calculated.
- ^ Road race.
- ^ The Association of Road Racing Statisticians regard Gebrselassie's time to be 44:23 based on initially reported stopped times of 44:22.8, 44:23.0 and 44:23.1. The race organisers do not confirm these times and officially regard the time to be 44:24
- ^ The race was intended to be a 3000 metres steeplechase, but due to an error in lap counting the runners ran an extra lap in the final.
- ^ actual race distance was 220 yards
- ^ 7:23:50 by other sources
- ^ Team University of Southern California
- ^ Team Puma Reggae
Leg 1 (100m) Christopher Williams
Leg 2 (200m) Usain Bolt
Leg 3 (300m) Davian Clarke
Leg 4: (400m) Jermaine Gonzales - ^ Team USA Blue
- ^ Team BoogieFast TC:
Leg 1 Nia Ali 12.73
Leg 2 Kristi Castlin 12.56
Leg 3 Yvette Lewis 12.76
Leg 4 Queen Harrison 12.61 - ^ Leg 1 (100m) Destinee Brown
Leg 2 (100m) Aaliyah Brown
Leg 3 (200m) Kimberlyn Duncan
Leg 4 (400m) Raevyn Rogers 50.48 - ^ Leg 1 (200m) Sherri-Ann Brooks
Leg 2 (200m) Rosemarie Whyte
Leg 3 (400m) Moya Thompson 51.7
Leg 4 (800m)Kenia Sinclair 1:57.43 - ^ a b Current design.
- ^ a b Old design.
- ^ Leg 1 Matthew Centrowitz, Jr. 2:49.47
Leg 2 Michael Berry 46.40
Leg 3 Erik Sowinski 1:47.60
Leg 4 Patrick Casey 3:56.48 - ^ Team Hoka New Jersey-New York Track Club
- ^ This is the fastest indoor steeplechase with a water-jump.
- ^ Mark was set during pentathlon competition.
- ^ Leg 1 (1200m) Emma Coburn 3:18.40
Leg 2 (400m) Sydney McLaughlin 52.32
Leg 3 (800m) Brenda Martinez 2:01.92
Leg 4 (1600m) Jenny Simpson 4:27.66 - ^ This is 2.32 m farther than the distance thrown by Jackie Joyner-Kersee during her world record-setting heptathlon performance of 23–24 September 1988, despite Klüft using the new specification javelin.
See also
References
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- ^ IAAF Competition Rules 2018–2019, downloadable from the IAAF here.
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External links
- Records overview – IAAF
- World Record progression in athletics – athletix.org
- Track and Field all-time performances
- Masters Track & Field World Records
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