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1990 in music

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List of years in music (table)
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This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1990.

Events

January–March

April–June

July–September

October–December

Also in 1990

  • Guitarists: Dan Nilsson & Micke Bargstörm, Bassist: Martin Persson & Drummer: Rille Even, all quit Opeth who were the original members of the band. David Isberg, the only remaining original member hires Guitarists: Mikael Åkerfeldt (who applied for a bassist position even when the band already had bassist causing friction but ended up as a guitarist) Andreas Dimeo, Bassist: Nick Döring & Drummer: Anders Nordin.
  • Studio Fredman is built.
  • Sons of Kyuss change their name to Kyuss and add new members, except for guitarist Josh Homme.
  • After a hiatus of 7 years, rock group Styx reform to record a new album and tour without long-time guitarist Tommy Shaw, who was committed to Damn Yankees at the time.
  • Tapes of the original William Walton score for the 1969 film Battle of Britain are rediscovered, having been lost since the score was abandoned in favour of one by Ron Goodwin.

Bands formed

Bands disbanded

Albums released

January – March

Date Album Artist Notes
J
A
N
U
A
R
Y
1 GodWeenSatan: The Oneness Ween -
5 Super Hits of the 70s: Have a Nice Day, volumes 1-5 Various Artists -
8 Scumdogs of the Universe GWAR -
15 Flood They Might Be Giants -
Reading, Writing and Arithmetic The Sundays UK
16 The Hit List Joan Jett Covers album
Pale Toad the Wet Sprocket -
RVS III Ricky Van Shelton -
23 Lone Wolf Hank Williams, Jr. -
24 Shake Your Money Maker The Black Crowes Debut
27 Stick It to Ya Slaughter -
29 Vigil in a Wilderness of Mirrors Fish -
30 Riverside Luka Bloom -
The Sweet Keeper Tanita Tikaram US
? The Best of Van Morrison Van Morrison -
Colour The Christians US
F
E
B
R
U
A
R
Y
7 Frizzle Fry Primus Debut
11 Real Men... Wear Black Cameo -
12 Please Hammer, Don't Hurt 'Em MC Hammer US
Stay Sick! The Cramps -
13 Welcome to the Beautiful South The Beautiful South US
Chance The Rave-Ups -
16 Spiritual Healing Death -
19 Up to No Good Peter Wolf -
20 Carved in Sand Mission UK US
Dark at the End of the Tunnel Oingo Boingo -
The Language of Life Everything but the Girl -
This Should Move Ya Mantronix US
21 Heading for Tomorrow Gamma Ray -
22 The Caution Horses Cowboy Junkies -
Damn Yankees Damn Yankees -
Gold Afternoon Fix The Church -
Submarine Bells The Chills -
25 Blue Sky Mining Midnight Oil -
27 Highwayman 2 The Highwaymen -
28 Ah Via Musicom Eric Johnson -
The Privilege of Power Riot -
? Chill Out The KLF -
Travel-Log J.J. Cale -
M
A
R
C
H
1 Poison Bell Biv DeVoe -
5 Happiness The Beloved US
New Funky Nation Boo-Yaa T.R.I.B.E. -
6 Birds of Passage Bel Canto US
Third World Warrior Kris Kristofferson -
9 House Party Various Artists -
12 Beg to Differ Prong -
Eye Robyn Hitchcock US
Resistance Borghesia -
13 Funhouse Kid 'n Play -
My Romance Carly Simon Covers album
Pretty Woman Various Artists -
16 Here at the Home Tribe -
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: The Original Motion Picture Soundtrack Various Artists Soundtrack
17 Just Say Ozzy Ozzy Osbourne US; Live
19 Blacks' Magic Salt-N-Pepa -
Manic Nirvana Robert Plant -
Violator Depeche Mode -
20 Changesbowie David Bowie Compilation
Extricate The Fall US
Showtime Nitzer Ebb US
Swagger Blue Aeroplanes US
26 Sex Packets Digital Underground -
Mental Floss For The Globe Urban Dance Squad US
Unison Celine Dion Canada
Brigade Heart -
Still Got the Blues Gary Moore -
27 Livin' Like Hustlers Above the Law -
Forever Everlasting Everlast -
Social Distortion Social Distortion -
29 Representing the Mambo Little Feat -
? 10 The Stranglers US
I Do Not Want What I Haven't Got Sinéad O'Connor -
Join Together The Who Live Box Set
Manners & Physique Adam Ant -

April – June

Date Album Artist Notes
A
P
R
I
L
1 Up in It The Afghan Whigs -
2 Bulkhead Severed Heads -
3 Born to Sing En Vogue -
Chemicrazy That Petrol Emotion -
Cloudcuckooland Lightning Seeds -
Lloyd Cole Lloyd Cole -
Read My Lips Jimmy Somerville -
4 Super Hits of the 70s: Have a Nice Day, volumes 6-10 Various Artists -
10 Act III Death Angel -
Behind the Mask Fleetwood Mac -
Days of Open Hand Suzanne Vega -
Fear of a Black Planet Public Enemy -
Laura Branigan Laura Branigan -
Peace Anything Box -
11 Songs for Drella Lou Reed and John Cale -
Vanity/Nemesis Celtic Frost -
13 39/Smooth Green Day -
16 Hammerheart Bathory -
Spanking Machine Babes in Toyland -
17 The Good Son Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds -
Johnny Gill Johnny Gill -
Live on Broadway Barry Manilow Live
The Myth of Rock Consolidated -
People's Instinctive Travels and the Paths of Rhythm A Tribe Called Quest -
Reading, Writing, and Arithmetic The Sundays US
23 Let Them Eat Bingo Beats International US
Life Inspiral Carpets -
Metaphysical Graffiti The Dead Milkmen -
Slam Big Dipper -
24 Ghost Nation Hunters & Collectors -
Goodbye Jumbo World Party -
? Closer to the Flame Dave Edmunds -
M
A
Y
1 Charmed Life Billy Idol -
When the Storm Comes Down Flotsam and Jetsam -
The Winding Sheet Mark Lanegan -
Love Moves Kim Wilde -
5 Everybody Knows Sonia -
Now That's What I Call Music 17 Various Artists UK; Compilation
8 Eclipse Yngwie Malmsteen US
Greatest Hits The Bangles Compilation
The Revival Tony! Toni! Toné! -
Shut Up and Dance Paula Abdul Remix album
Tattooed Millionaire Bruce Dickinson -
Wilson Phillips Wilson Phillips -
Young Lions Adrian Belew -
11 Screaming Life/Fopp Soundgarden Compilation
14 Circle of One Oleta Adams -
DAAS Icon Doug Anthony All Stars -
15 Livin' It Up George Strait -
Lock up the Wolves Dio -
Reflections of Passion Yanni Compilation
A Round and a Bout Squeeze US, live
Ten Y&T -
16 AmeriKKKa's Most Wanted Ice Cube Solo Debut
18 20 Años Luis Miguel -
21 Vol. II: 1990 - A New Decade Soul II Soul -
22 I'm Breathless Madonna Soundtrack
Let the Rhythm Hit 'Em Eric B. & Rakim -
Packed! The Pretenders -
Son of Albert Andrew Ridgeley -
25 The Ghost in Science Susumu Hirasawa Japan
Hell to Pay Jeff Healey Canada
Mecca Age of Chance US
29 Bloodletting Concrete Blonde -
I Want Too Much A House US
Katydids Katydids US
Meet John Doe John Doe -
31 All the Stuff (And More!) Volume 1 Ramones Compilation
All the Stuff (And More!) Volume 2 Ramones Compilation
? Joe Cocker Live Joe Cocker Live
The Internationale Billy Bragg Mini-LP
Manscape Wire US
J
U
N
E
5 Step by Step New Kids on the Block -
7 Sumerian Cry Tiamat -
11 A Catholic Education Teenage Fanclub -
Utd. State 90 808 State -
12 Compositions Anita Baker -
En las Buenas... y en las Malas José José -
Holy Water Bad Company -
I'll Give All My Love to You Keith Sweat -
Mariah Carey Mariah Carey debut
14 Amarok Mike Oldfield -
15 Sudden Stop Colin James Canada
18 Alias Alias -
19 This Time Around Green on Red -
22 New Art Riot Manic Street Preachers EP
25 Deicide Deicide -
Livonia His Name Is Alive -
Reputation Dusty Springfield -
26 After The Rain Nelson -
Danzig II: Lucifuge Danzig -
Goo Sonic Youth -
Kiss of Life Gene Loves Jezebel -
Live It Up Crosby, Stills & Nash -
29 Black Angels Kronos Quartet -
30 Biohazard Biohazard -
? Busted Cheap Trick -
Gold Mother James -
Midnight Stroll Robert Cray -

July – September

Date Album Artist Notes
J
U
L
Y
2 Armchair Theatre Jeff Lynne Solo debut
Smooth Noodle Maps Devo -
3 The Hard Way Steve Earle -
Lights...Camera...Revolution! Suicidal Tendencies -
Lofty's Roach Souffle Harry Connick, Jr. -
Seven Turns The Allman Brothers Band -
Spirits Dancing in the Flesh Santana -
We Are in Love Harry Connick, Jr. -
10 Brick by Brick Iggy Pop -
Flesh and Blood Poison -
Live and Direct Adamski US
Pandemonium The Time -
Stray Aztec Camera US
13 Banned in the U.S.A. 2 Live Crew -
Live'r Than God Thee Hypnotics US
Naked Thunder Ian Gillan -
16 Tales from the Twilight World Blind Guardian -
17 Edutainment Boogie Down Productions -
19 Apple Mother Love Bone -
Brother's Keeper The Neville Brothers -
Lovegod The Soup Dragons -
23 Slave to the Thrill Hurricane -
24 Cowboys from Hell Pantera -
Goodnight L.A. Magnum -
In the Heart of the Young Winger -
Take a Look Around Master Ace -
Un-Led-Ed Dread Zeppelin -
30 Joy Rides for Shut-Ins Cavedogs -
? Ichabod and I The Boo Radleys -
A
U
G
U
S
T
1 Cure for Sanity Pop Will Eat Itself US
7 Blaze of Glory Jon Bon Jovi Young Guns II soundtrack
Bellybutton Jellyfish -
Enchanted Marc Almond US
Head Down Moev US
Pornograffiti Extreme -
World Clique Deee-Lite -
13 Bossanova Pixies -
14 Cleopatra Grip The Heart Throbs US
16 100 Miles and Runnin' N.W.A EP
17 Eaten Back To Life Cannibal Corpse -
20 Graffiti Bridge Prince Soundtrack
Liberty Duran Duran -
Time's Up Living Colour -
Tyr Black Sabbath -
21 Against the Law Stryper -
Detonator Ratt -
Facelift Alice in Chains -
FireHouse FireHouse -
Persistence of Time Anthrax -
Ritual de lo Habitual Jane's Addiction -
Short Dog's in the House Too Short -
27 Blue Sunshine The Glove US
Mama Said Knock You Out LL Cool J -
No Fences Garth Brooks -
Otis Mojo Nixon -
28 To The Extreme Vanilla Ice -
30 The Earth, a Small Man, His Dog and a Chicken REO Speedwagon -
S
E
P
T
E
M
B
E
R
3 Listen Without Prejudice Vol. 1 George Michael UK
Painkiller Judas Priest -
4 & Love for All The Lilac Time US
1978–1990 Go-Betweens US
And the Horse They Rode in On Soul Asylum -
Empire Queensrÿche -
In Case You Didn't Feel Like Showing Up Ministry Live
The Neighborhood Los Lobos -
The Rembrandts The Rembrandts -
Rumor Has It Reba McEntire -
The Wild Places Dan Fogelberg -
7 The Cactus Revisited 3rd Bass -
9 Two Fires Jimmy Barnes -
10 Boomania Betty Boo -
Ragged Glory Neil Young and Crazy Horse -
Under the Red Sky Bob Dylan -
11 Cherry Pie Warrant -
Dave Stewart and the Spiritual Cowboys Dave Stewart and The Spiritual Cowboys US
Dear 23 The Posies -
Glider My Bloody Valentine EP; US
Soundtrack from Twin Peaks Angelo Badalamenti Soundtrack
Unison Celine Dion US
12 Never, Neverland Annihilator -
14 Armed Audio Warfare Meat Beat Manifesto US
16 Exitos de Gloria Estefan Gloria Estefan US; Compilation
17 Heaven or Las Vegas Cocteau Twins -
Room to Roam The Waterboys -
The Wall Live in Berlin Roger Waters UK; Live
18 Collected Works Hunters & Collectors US
In a Priest Driven Ambulance Flaming Lips -
The Layla Sessions: 20th Anniversary Edition Derek and the Dominos Remix + unreleased material
Red Moon The Call -
Romantic? The Human League US
19 Cause of Death Obituary -
21 Lawn Boy Phish -
Nomads Indians Saints Indigo Girls -
The Razors Edge AC/DC -
Some People's Lives Bette Midler -
24 Experience Mary's Danish -
Rag and Bone Buffet: Rare Cuts and Leftovers XTC Rarities compilation
Rust in Peace Megadeth -
Souls of Black Testament -
Themes - Volume 1: March 79 - April 82 Simple Minds Box Set
25 All Shook Down The Replacements -
An Emotional Fish An Emotional Fish US
Family Style The Vaughan Brothers (Stevie Ray and Jimmie) -
Have You Seen Me Lately Carly Simon -
Nomads Indians Saints Indigo Girls US
Superchunk Superchunk -
Themes - Volume 2: August 82 - April 85 Simple Minds Box Set
Third Eye Redd Kross -
Wild & Lonely The Associates US
Without a Net Grateful Dead Live
X INXS -
29 In the Blood Londonbeat -
? Passion and Warfare Steve Vai -

October – December

Date Album Artist Notes
O
C
T
O
B
E
R
1 Dannii Dannii Minogue -
The La's The La's -
No Prayer for the Dying Iron Maiden -
2 Crawdaddy Darling Buds US
Jordan: The Comeback Prefab Sprout US
New Inside Tiffany -
Room to Roam Waterboys US
Rubáiyát: Elektra's 40th Anniversary Various Artists -
5 This Is Our Music Galaxie 500 -
Wrong Way Up Brian Eno and John Cale -
6 Ven Conmigo Selena -
8 Enlightenment Van Morrison UK
Ringo Starr and His All-Starr Band Ringo Starr Live
Themes - Volume 3: September 85 - June 87 Simple Minds Box Set
9 Change of Season Hall & Oates -
Chronicles Rush 2-disc compilation
Edge of the Century Styx -
FUN '90 Mekons EP
Girls, Girls, Girls Elvis Costello Compilation
The Greatest Hits, So Far Public Image Ltd. Compilation
Seasons in the Abyss Slayer -
Shooting Straight in the Dark Mary Chapin Carpenter -
Souls of Black Testament -
Themes - Volume 4: February 89 - May 90 Simple Minds Box Set
15 Nowhere Ride -
Super Hits of the 70s: Have a Nice Day, volumes 11-15 Various Artists -
16 Brand New Dance Emmylou Harris -
Hack Information Society -
Hope Chest: The Fredonia Recordings 1982–1983 10,000 Maniacs -
Hindu Love Gods Hindu Love Gods -
Hold Me Up Goo Goo Dolls -
Private Times...and the Whole 9! Al B. Sure! -
Recycler ZZ Top -
Smile Ride US
The Geto Boys Geto Boys -
19 Ghost of a Dog Edie Brickell & New Bohemians -
21 Up from the Ashes Don Dokken -
22 Behaviour Pet Shop Boys -
The Rhythm of the Saints Paul Simon -
23 458489 The Fall US, singles compilation
Billy's Live Bait Gear Daddies -
Faith Hope Love King's X -
Led Zeppelin Led Zeppelin Box set
Life (Inspiral Carpets album) Inspiral Carpets US
Slaves & Masters Deep Purple -
Some Friendly The Charlatans UK US
29 Choke The Beautiful South -
Traveling Wilburys Vol. 3 Traveling Wilburys -
30 Down To Earth Monie Love -
Heart Still Beating Roxy Music Live
If There Was a Way Dwight Yoakam -
Interiors Rosanne Cash -
Lennon John Lennon Box set
Natural History: The Very Best of Talk Talk Talk Talk US
Red Hot + Blue Various Artists Cole Porter tribute
Taste of Chocolate Big Daddy Kane -
Too Dark Park Skinny Puppy -
31 Raygun... Naked Raygun Naked Raygun -
? Gling-Gló Björk -
N
O
V
E
M
B
E
R
1 Kool-Aid Big Audio Dynamite II -
5 Don't Explain Robert Palmer UK
Mixed Up The Cure UK; Remix album
Serious Hits... Live! Phil Collins Live
Tripping the Live Fantastic Paul McCartney Live
6 Birdbrain Buffalo Tom -
Bona Drag Morrissey US
A Brief History of the Twentieth Century Gang of Four -
Cake (album) The Trash Can Sinatras US
Coma of Souls Kreator -
Crazy World Scorpions -
The Dancing Years Shriekback -
Hell's Ditch The Pogues US
I'm Your Baby Tonight Whitney Houston -
Put Yourself in My Shoes Clint Black -
Refugees of the Heart Steve Winwood -
Somewhere Soon The High US
Stick It Live Slaughter Live EP
Syntonic Kon Kan US
8 Casino Blue Rodeo -
To Be Continued Elton John Box Set +4 new tracks
12 Rhythm of Love Kylie Minogue -
13 Anything Is Possible Debbie Gibson -
Blast the Human Flower Danielle Dax US
Choke The Beautiful South US
Five Man Acoustical Jam Tesla Live
Gala Lush US
The Immaculate Collection Madonna Greatest Hits +2 new tracks
Reverberation Echo and the Bunnymen US
Standards The Alarm US
Vision Thing The Sisters of Mercy -
15 Naïve KMFDM -
20 Back from Hell Run-D.M.C. -
Ferociously Stoned Cherry Poppin' Daddies Debut
Heartbreak Station Cinderella -
Shaking the Tree Peter Gabriel Greatest Hits
This Is a Collective Consolidated EP
23 Against the Grain Bad Religion -
26 A Social Grace Psychotic Waltz -
27 Pills 'n' Thrills and Bellyaches Happy Mondays US
Ralph Tresvant Ralph Tresvant Solo debut
? Rising Donovan Live
D
E
C
E
M
B
E
R
1 Now! That's What I Call Music 18 Various Artists UK; Compilation
3 MCMXC a.D. Enigma Debut
4 Grains of Sand The Mission UK US
Home Alone Soundtrack John Williams -
One for All Brand Nubian -
The Simpsons Sing the Blues The Simpsons -
8 Mermaids soundtrack Various Artists US; Soundtrack
9 Rehearsal December 1990 Dark Tranquillity (as Septic Broiler) -
10 Live at Hammersmith '84 Jethro Tull Live 1984
11 Devo's Greatest Hits Devo -
Devo's Greatest Misses Devo -
Dr. Adamski's Musical Pharmacy Adamski US
The Raw and the Remix Fine Young Cannibals Remixes and alternate versions
13 Gonna Make You Sweat C+C Music Factory -
15 Business as Usual EPMD -
29 99% Meat Beat Manifesto -

Release Date Unknown

Biggest hit singles

The following songs achieved the highest positions in the charts of 1990.[4]

# Artist Title Year Country Chart Entries
1 Sinéad O'Connor Nothing Compares 2 U 1990 Republic of Ireland UK 1 – January 1990; US Billboard 1 of 1990; Netherlands 1 – January 1990; Sweden 1 – February 1990; Austria 1 – March 1990; Switzerland 1 – February 1990; Norway 1 – February 1990; Poland 1 – March 1990; Germany 1 – February 1990; Éire 1 – January 1990; New Zealand 1 for five weeks, April 1990; Australia 1 for eight weeks, May 1990; KROQ-FM 1 of 1990; Australia 3 of 1990; US Cash Box 4 of 1990; Italy 8 of 1990; Europe 8 of the 1990s; Rate Your Music 9 of 1990; Germany 19 of the 1990s; Poland 59 of all time; Belgium 90 of all time; Acclaimed 113; OzNet 138;Rolling Stone 162; WXPN 661.
2 Madonna Vogue 1990 United States UK 1 – Apr 1990, US BB 1 of 1990, US CashBox 1 of 1990, Sweden 1 – Apr 1990, Norway 1 – Apr 1990, Poland 1 – Apr 1990, New Zealand 1 for 4 weeks May 1990, Australia 1 for 4 weeks Aug 1990, Netherlands 2 – Apr 1990, Switzerland 2 – Apr 1990, Italy 5 of 1990, Germany 4 – Apr 1990, France 7 – Apr 1990, Austria 7 – May 1990, POP 7 of 1990, US BB 8 of 1990, RYM 8 of 1990, Australia 10 of 1990, Global 33 (5 M sold) – 1990, Party 181 of 2007, Germany 230 of the 1990s, Acclaimed 521, OzNet 881
3 Vanilla Ice Ice Ice Baby 1990 United States UK 1 – Nov 1990, US BB 1 of 1990, Netherlands 1 – Nov 1990, Éire 1 – Dec 1990, New Zealand 1 for 7 weeks Dec 1990, Australia 1 for 3 weeks Apr 1991, Sweden 2 – Nov 1990, Switzerland 2 – Nov 1990, Norway 2 – Dec 1990, Germany 2 – Jan 1991, Austria 3 – Nov 1990, US BB 4 of 1990, POP 4 of 1990, France 5 – Dec 1990, Australia 15 of 1991, US CashBox 21 of 1990, Party 42 of 2007, Italy 65 of 1991, Germany 82 of the 1990s, RYM 188 of 1990
4 MC Hammer U Can't Touch This 1990 United States Netherlands 1 – Jul 1990, Sweden 1 – Aug 1990, Australia 1 of 1990, New Zealand 1 for 6 weeks Jul 1990, Australia 1 for 5 weeks Oct 1990, Switzerland 2 – Jul 1990, UK 3 – Jun 1990, Germany 3 – Jul 1990, US BB 5 of 1990, Austria 5 – Aug 1990, POP 5 of 1990, France 6 – Jun 1990, Norway 6 – Aug 1990, US BB 8 of 1990, Scrobulate 18 of rap, US CashBox 39 of 1990, RYM 63 of 1990, Germany 147 of the 1990s, RIAA 201, Party 214 of 1999, Acclaimed 1797
5 Roxette It Must Have Been Love 1990 Sweden US Bullfrog 1 – Apr 1990 (25 weeks), US BB 1 of 1990, Switzerland 1 – Jun 1990, Norway 1 – Jun 1990, Poland 1 – Jun 1990, Australia 1 for 2 weeks Oct 1990, Japan (Tokyo) 2 – May 1990, UK 3 – Jun 1990, Netherlands 3 – Jun 1990, Sweden 3 – Dec 1987, Austria 4 – Jul 1990, Germany 4 – Jun 1990, US CashBox 6 of 1990, France 8 – May 1990, Australia 8 of 1990, Brazil 12 of 1990, US Gold (certified by RIAA in Jun 1990), POP 30 of 1990, Italy 48 of 1990, Europe 52 of the 1990s, Japan (Osaku) 64 of 1990, Germany 119 of the 1990s, OzNet 716

Top hits on record

Charts

Other significant singles

Top ten best albums of the year

All albums have been named albums of the year for their hits in the charts.[5]

  1. Depeche Mode - Violator
  2. Pixies - Bossanova
  3. Megadeth - Rust in Peace
  4. Jane's Addiction - Ritual de lo Habitual
  5. Cocteau Twins - Heaven Or Las Vegas
  6. Ride - Nowhere
  7. Public Enemy - Fear of a Black Planet
  8. Happy Mondays - Pills 'n' Thrills and Bellyaches
  9. Sonic Youth - Goo
  10. The La's - The La's

Classical music

Opera

Musical theater

Musical films

Awards

Music festivals

Births

Deaths

See also

References

  1. ^ http://www.wireimage.com/SearchResults.aspx?igi=43235&s=janet%20jackson&sfld=C&vwmd=e
  2. ^ "'Black Cat' Is Anything But Bad Luck For Jackson". DeKnock, Jan. Orlando Sentinel. 1990-10-26. Retrieved 2014-04-20.
  3. ^ "Rock On The Net: Janet Jackson Info Page". Rock on the Net. Retrieved 2014-04-20.
  4. ^ Hawtin, Steve (February 10, 2008). "Songs from the Year 1990". Steve Hawtin/TsorT. Archived from the original on 18 April 2008. Retrieved April 26, 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  5. ^ "Best albums of 1990". besteveralbums. 2005. Retrieved December 31, 2011.
  6. ^ Dalida's Official Website, Awards and Achievements, retrieved December 29, 2009
  7. ^ Dalida: Entre violon et amour, by Isaline, Éditions Publibook, 2002, p. 127. ISBN 2-7483-2629-6 and ISBN 978-2-7483-2629-1. Template:Fr icon, retrieved December 29, 2009