Bharoto Bhagyo Bidhata
Bharoto Bhagyo Bidhata (Bengali: ভারত ভাগ্য বিধাতা; Devanagari: भारत भाग्य विधाता Bhārata Bhāgya Vidhātā "Dispenser of the destiny of India") is a five-stanza Brahmo hymn in Bengali language[1] dedicated to Supreme divine God or Para Brahman who is the dispenser of the destiny of India. It was composed and scored in a highly Sanskritized Bengali by Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore in 1911. The first stanza of the song has been adopted as the National Anthem of India.[2][3][4]
History of Indian National Anthem
The poem was first sung on the second day of the annual session of the Indian National Congress in Calcutta on December 27, 1911. Song was performed by Sarala Devi Chowdhurani, Tagore’s niece, along with a group of school students, in front of prominent Congress Members like Bishan Narayan Dhar, Indian National Congress President and Ambika Charan Majumdar.
In 1912, the song was published under the title Bharat Bhagya Bidhata in the Tatwabodhini Patrika, which was the official publication of the Brahmo Samaj and of which Tagore was the Editor.
Outside of Calcutta, the song was first sung by the bard himself at a session in Besant Theosophical College in Madanapalle, Andhra Pradesh on February 28, 1919. The song enthralled the college authorities and they adopted the English version of the song as their prayer song which is sung till today. Margaret Cousins (an expert in European music and wife of Irish poet James Cousins, then vice-principal of the college) set down the notation to the national anthem in the college, which is followed only when the song is sung in the original slow rendition style. At Dr. Cousins' request, Tagore made the first English translation of the song.
On the occasion of India attaining freedom, the Indian Constituent Assembly assembled for the first time as a sovereign body on August 14, 1947, midnight and the session closed with a unanimous performance of Jana Gana Mana.
The members of the Indian Delegation to the General Assembly of the United Nations held at New York in 1947 gave a recording of Jana Gana Mana as the country’s national anthem. The song was played by the house orchestra in front of a gathering consisting of representatives from all over the world.
Jana Gana Mana was officially proclaimed as India’s National Anthem by the Constituent Assembly of India on January 24, 1950.[5]
Lyrics of all 5 stanzas
The English translation below has been adapted from an unverifiable source.[6] Some changes have been made to both the translation and romanization.
| Bengali (বাংলা) | Bengali phonetic transcription | Latin transliteration (ISO 15919) | English Translation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| জনগণমন-অধিনায়ক জয় হে ভারতভাগ্যবিধাতা!
পঞ্জাব সিন্ধু গুজরাট মরাঠা দ্রাবিড় উৎকল বঙ্গ বিন্ধ্য হিমাচল যমুনা গঙ্গা উচ্ছলজলধিতরঙ্গ তব শুভ নামে জাগে, তব শুভ আশিষ[a] মাগে, গাহে তব জয়গাথা। জনগণমঙ্গলদায়ক জয় হে ভারতভাগ্যবিধাতা! জয় হে, জয় হে, জয় হে, জয় জয় জয় জয় হে।।
হিন্দু বৌদ্ধ শিখ জৈন পারসিক মুসলমান খৃস্টানী পূরব পশ্চিম আসে তব সিংহাসন-পাশে প্রেমহার হয় গাঁথা। জনগণ-ঐক্য-বিধায়ক জয় হে ভারতভাগ্যবিধাতা! জয় হে, জয় হে, জয় হে, জয় জয় জয় জয় হে।।
হে চিরসারথি, তব রথচক্রে মুখরিত পথ দিনরাত্রি। দারুণ বিপ্লব-মাঝে তব শঙ্খধ্বনি বাজে সঙ্কটদুঃখত্রাতা। জনগণপথপরিচায়ক জয় হে ভারতভাগ্যবিধাতা! জয় হে, জয় হে, জয় হে, জয় জয় জয় জয় হে।।
জাগ্রত ছিল তব অবিচল মঙ্গল নতনয়নে অনিমেষে। দুঃস্বপ্নে আতঙ্কে রক্ষা করিলে অঙ্কে স্নেহময়ী তুমি মাতা। জনগণদুঃখত্রায়ক জয় হে ভারতভাগ্যবিধাতা! জয় হে, জয় হে, জয় হে, জয় জয় জয় জয় হে।।
গাহে বিহঙ্গম, পূণ্য সমীরণ নবজীবনরস ঢালে। তব করুণারুণরাগে নিদ্রিত ভারত জাগে তব চরণে নত মাথা। জয় জয় জয় হে জয় রাজেশ্বর ভারতভাগ্যবিধাতা! জয় হে, জয় হে, জয় হে, জয় জয় জয় জয় হে।। |
Jōno gōno mōno odhinayōko jōyo he |
Janaganamana-adhināẏaka jaẏa hē Bhāratabhāgyabidhātā[b]! |
Oh! the ruler of the minds of people, Victory be to You, |
Apart from the above translation which follows the original very closely, Tagore's own interpretation of Jana Gana Mana in English is available as – via Wikisource..
See also
- Jana Gana Mana (The National Anthem of India)
- Rabindranath Tagore
- Vande Mataram-The National Song of India
- Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
- Jana Gana Mana Video
- An earlier poem by Tagore (Amar Shonar Bangla) was later selected as the national anthem of Bangladesh.
- Chitto Jetha Bhayshunyo ("Where the Mind is Without Fear...Into that heaven of freedom, Let my country awake!") -a patriotic poem from Gitanjali by Rabindranath Tagore
- Ekla Chalo Re- A poem by Rabindranath Tagore and publicised by 'Netaji' Subhas Chandra Bose
- Indian National Pledge by Pydimarri Venkata Subba Rao
References
- ^ http://www.news18.com/news/movies/bharat-bhagyo-bidhata-from-rajkahini-is-a-tagore-song-and-not-an-extended-version-of-the-national-anthem-1108614.html IBNLive.com The original Tagore song - "Not a single note of the original Rabindranath Tagore composition has been altered"
- ^ Bhattacharya, Sabyasachi (2011). Rabindranath Tagore : an interpretation. New Delhi: Viking, Penguin Books India. p. 206. ISBN 978-0670084555.
Incidentally a myth regarding this song needs to be refuted and laid to rest. It is on record that the song was written on 11 December 1911. On December 12, 1911 the Delhi Durbar met to honour King Emperor George V. Obviously a poem written on 11 December could not be intended for an event the following day. The song was actually sung at the twenty-seventh session of the Indian National Congress, Calcutta on 28 December 1911 as the opening song at the beginning of the day's proceedings. Thereafter it was also sung at the foundation day anniversary of Adi Brahma Samaj in February 1912 and included in their collection of psalms, Brahma Sangit.
- ^ "Untitled Document". satyashodh.com.
- ^ "National Anthem – National Symbols – Know India. Nation Portal of Government of India". knowindia.gov.in.
- ^ "Interesting Facts About Our National Anthem". Retrieved 24 September 2017.
- ^ "All 5 stanzas of Jana Gana Mana with Bengali script".
- Dutta, K.; Robinson, A. (1995), Rabindranath Tagore: The Myriad-Minded Man, St. Martin's Press, ISBN 0-312-14030-4
- Sekhar Mittra; Sitansu (2001), Bengal's Renaissance, Academic Publishers, Kolkata, ISBN 81-87504-18-8
Notes
- ^ আশিস is also used
- ^ Sanskrit transliteration "Bhāratabhāgyavidhātā"
- ^ Sanskrit transliteration "Pañjāva"
- ^ Sanskrit transliteration "Drāviṛa"
- ^ Sanskrit transliteration "Vaṅga"
- ^ Sanskrit transliteration "Vindhya"
- ^ Sanskrit transliteration "Tava"
- ^ Sanskrit transliteration "tava"
- ^ āśisa is also used
- ^ Sanskrit transliteration "tava"
- ^ Sanskrit transliteration "Bhārata-bhāgya-vidhātā"
- ^ Sanskrit transliteration "tava"
- ^ Sanskrit transliteration "āhvāna"
- ^ Sanskrit transliteration "tava"
- ^ Sanskrit transliteration "vani"
- ^ Sanskrit transliteration "Vaudva"
- ^ Sanskrit transliteration "Pūrava"
- ^ Sanskrit transliteration "tava"
- ^ Sanskrit transliteration "Janagana-aikya-vidhāẏaka"
- ^ Sanskrit transliteration "bhāratabhāgyavidhatā"
- ^ Sanskrit transliteration "Patana-abhuyadaẏa-Vandhura"
- ^ Sanskrit transliteration "dhāvita"
- ^ Sanskrit transliteration "tava"
- ^ Sanskrit transliteration "viplava-mājhē"
- ^ Sanskrit transliteration "tava"
- ^ Sanskrit transliteration "śaṅkhadhvani"
- ^ Sanskrit transliteration "vājē"
- ^ Sanskrit transliteration "Bhāratabhāgyavidhātā"
- ^ Sanskrit transliteration "niviṛa"
- ^ Sanskrit transliteration "tava"
- ^ Sanskrit transliteration "avicala"
- ^ Sanskrit transliteration "Duḥsvapnē"
- ^ Sanskrit transliteration "Bhāratabhāgyavidhātā"
- ^ Sanskrit transliteration "prabhātila"
- ^ Sanskrit transliteration "ravicchavi"
- ^ Sanskrit transliteration "pūrva-udaẏagiribhālē"
- ^ Sanskrit transliteration "vigaṅgama"
- ^ Sanskrit transliteration "navajīvanarasa"
- ^ Sanskrit transliteration "Tava"
- ^ Sanskrit transliteration "tava"
- ^ Sanskrit transliteration "rājēśvara"
- ^ Sanskrit transliteration "Bhāratabhāgyavidhātā"
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