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Guangzhou–Shenzhen railway

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This article is about the Chinese Section of the Canton-Kowloon Railway. For the British Section of the Canton-Kowloon Railway, see East Rail Line.
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File:Guangshenrailway.png
Guangshen Railway Company,
the operator of Guangshen Railway
Overview
Line number4
Technical
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)
ElectrificationCatenary
Operating speed200 km/h (120 mph) (track 1 & 2)
140 km/h (87 mph) (track 3 & 4) max.

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Guangshen Railway
Traditional Chinese廣深鐵路
Simplified Chinese广深铁路
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyinguǎngshēn tiělù

Guangshen Railway or Guangzhou–Shenzhen Railway (Chinese: 广深铁路 or 广深线), also known as the Chinese Section of the Kowloon-Canton Railway (Chinese: 廣九鐵路華段) in 1911-1949, is a railway in Guangdong province in the People's Republic of China, between Guangzhou and Shenzhen. It is operated by Guangshen Railway Co., Ltd., a publicly traded company.


With a length of 147 kilometres, it was the first railway in the People's Republic of China to reach the speed of 220 km/h in some sections, though it is limited to about 200 km/h during commercial operation. Now it has four tracks between Guangzhou East and Shenzhen railway station. Line 1 and 2 are up-direction and down-direction 200-km/h passenger lines for CRH EMU respectively, and Line 3 and 4 are up-direction and down-direction 160-km/h mixed passenger and freight line respectively. In order to reduce the interference to passenger trains in the daytime from lower -speed freight trains, most freight trains will be scheduled to run at night.

Guangshen Railway connects with several other important railways to different directions. It links Jingguang railway and Guangmao railway in Guangzhou, Jingjiu railway in Dongguan (with which shares two regular speed track), and the East Rail Line to Hong Kong at the southern end of the railway. Besides, there are some branch lines along Guangshen Railway, such as Pingyan railway to Yantian Port, Pingnan railway to Shenzhen West railway station and also the line to Huangbu Port.

Cross-border services from Hong Kong to Dongguan (Changping), Guangzhou East, Foshan and Zhaoqing, as well as to Beijing West and Shanghai use its route.

History

The idea of constructing a railway linking Canton (now Guangzhou) and Kowloon in Hong Kong, a British crown colony begun in the late Qing Dynasty. In 1899, Qing government and Britain agreed to construct the Kowloon-Canton Railway (KCR), but Britain postponed the construction as she was busy at the Second Boer War in Africa. In 1907, Qing government and Britain formally signed an agreement in Peking on issuing 100 million pounds sterling bond as part of loan for the construction of the Chinese Section of the Kowloon-Canton Railway. In July 1907, British Section of the KCR started to build first. Then the construction of Chinese section was delayed and started from 1909. Under the loan contract, China needed to employ the British engineers for the construction of Chinese section, but China still employed famous Chinese railway engineers, Zhan Tianyou, as a consultant. At 8 October 1911, the Chinese section of KCR with total length of 142.77 km was opened.[1] The northern end of railway at that time was located in Dashatou (Chinese: 大沙頭), Guangzhou, where was demolished in 1951. The through train service between Kowloon and Guangzhou also started to operate at the same time.

After the establishment of People's Republic of China in October 1949, the 'Chinese Section of the Canton-Kowloon Railway' was renamed 'Guangshen Railway', and repair the railroad damaged during the war. In 1967, railway department carried out a comprehensive maintenance on Guangshen railway to improve the transport capacity. From 1980s, since the economic reform policy of China, the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone was established. The rapid economic development in the Pearl River Delta region brought large amount of importing goods and passengers to the railway. Therefore, the second line of Guangshen Railway was constructed during 1984 - 1987 in order to meet the huge demand. Simultaneously Guangshen Railway Company (the predecessor of Guangshen Railway Co., Ltd.), which was directly subordinated to the Guangzhou Railway Bureau (now Guangzhou Railway Group Co. Ltd.), was established. This company was in charge of the construction works and operational management of Guangshen Railway. In 1987, Guangshen Railway became the first double-track railway in Guangdong province.

File:Guangshen Railway CO.,LTD.jpg
The logo of Guangshen Railway CO.,LTD(was taken in Shenzhen East Railway Station)
  • Bond agreement signed in 1907
    Bond agreement signed in 1907
  • foundation ceremony of the Chinese Section of KCR in 1909. Group photo of both Chinese and British officials.
    foundation ceremony of the Chinese Section of KCR in 1909. Group photo of both Chinese and British officials.
  • Opening of Chinese section in 1911. Group photo of both Chinese and British officials.
    Opening of Chinese section in 1911. Group photo of both Chinese and British officials.

Indeed, Guangshen Railway is the first place in China to carry out successfully speed-up on the existing railroad. At the beginning of the 1990s, Guangzhou Railway Bureau and the Ministry of Railways carried out the pre-feasibility research about raising the maximum speed of passenger trains to 160 km/h. At 28 December 1991, the construction of the third line of Guangshen Railway, and the speed-up improvement works of original double tracks started. In October 1994, the maximum speed of a train reached 174 km/h during the test. At 22 December 1994, the first sub-high speed (160 km/h) passenger train in China started commercial operation between Guangzhou and Shenzhen.

4th line of Guangshen Railway in construction

In 1998, the electrification of two sub-high speed lines of Guangshen Railway was finished. After the improvement the 200 km/h high speed trains are allowed to run on the existing subhigh speed railroad. A Swedish-built X 2000 tilting train called 'Xinshisu' began to serve intercity train service between Guangzhou and Shenzhen, as well as the through train to Hong Kong. The train are 165m long, consisting of a power car, five passenger cars, and a trailing car. The non-power cars can have a pitch of up to 8 degrees.They are noted for being very quiet (less than 65 dBA) even at 200 km/h.

Construction of the fourth track was commenced at 31 December 2005, and was finished at 18 April 2007. Since then Guangshen Railway has been the first four-track railway in mainland China and it allows passenger trains and freight trains to run on separate lines.

Guangshen Intercity Trains

Tickets of Intercity Trains
CRH1A running on Guangshen Railway

As of 2009, intercity train service between Guangzhou and Shenzhen uses 8-car CRH1A highspeed EMU. There are 100 pairs of trains operated daily, in which 98 pairs will stop for 1.5 minutes at three stations: Zhangmutou, Dongguan and Shilong. On the ‘As-frequent-as-buses’ basis, one pair of trains is dispatched every 5 minutes on average during peak hours. The fastest journey time is 52 minutes between Guangzhou East and Shenzhen for D7002 and D7008 with no stop.

Rolling stock

Time Rolling stocks using by Guangshen intercity trains
Before 1966 SL6 steam locomotive hauling 21 Series / 22 Series railway carriages
1966 ～ mid-1970s SL6 steam locomotive / Dongfanghong1 / DF diesel locomotive (from 1972) hauling 21 Series / 22 Series railway carriage
Dongfanghong1 / DF diesel locomotive(from 1972) hauling 24 Series railway carriages with air-conditioning (91/92 Express)
1970s ～ late 1994 Locomotives: DF3 / ND2 / DF4B (from 1985) / DF9 diesel locomotive(from 1990s)
Passenger coaches: 24 Series with air-conditioning / 25 Series / 22 Series / 22 Series railway carriages with air-conditioning
Late 1994 ～ 1998 Locomotives:DF4B / DF9 / DF11 diesel locomotive
Passenger coaches:22 Series / Double-deck 25B Series with air-conditioning / 25Z Series
1998 ～ 2004 DF4B diesel locomotive hauling 22 Series / Double-deck 25B Series with air-conditioning /
SS8 electric locomotive / DF11 diesel locomotive hauling 25Z Series / 25C Series railway carriage
DDJ1 EMU(mid-1999 ～ mid-2000)
Xianfenghao EMU(2001)
X2000 tilting train
DJJ1 EMU (Blue Arrow)(from 2001)
2004 ～ 2006 DF4B diesel locomotive hauling Double-deck 25B Series with air-conditioning /
SS8 electric locomotive / DF11 diesel locomotive hauling 25Z Series / 25C Series railway carriage
X2000 tilting train / DJJ1 EMU (Blue Arrow)
2007 ～ DF11 diesel locomotive hauling 25Z Series railway carriage (Until 25 April 2007)
DF4B diesel locomotive hauling Double-deck 25B Series with air-conditioning (Until 30 June 2007)
DJJ1 EMU (Blue Arrow) (Until 25 April 2007)
CRH1A EMU (from 1 February 2007)

Stations

Existing stations

C
R
H 		R
e
g.
Station Name
English
Station Name
Chinese
Total
Distance
Transfer
Location
Grade
Notes
● ● Guangzhou 广州 0 Yuexiu, Guangzhou T
[note 1] 		The departure station for minor Guangzhou - Shenzhen intercity trains (CRH)
｜ ｜ Yunlu 云麓 4 4 Not for passenger service. Decommissioned in 2009.
● ● Guangzhou East 广州东 8 Tianhe, Guangzhou T
[note 1] 		The stop and departure station for all Guangzhou - Shenzhen intercity trains (CRH)
● ● Shipai 石牌 14 4
● ● Huangpu 黄埔 18 2
｜ ｜ Jiuyunhui 九运会 Decommissioned in 2002.
｜ ● Jishan 吉山 20 3
● ● Xiayuan 下元 27 Huangpu, Guangzhou 3 Not for passenger service.
｜ ｜ Nangang 南岗 32 4 Decommissioned in 2009.
｜ ● Xintang 新塘 39 Zengcheng, Guangzhou 4
｜ ｜ Shapu 沙浦 45 5 Decommissioned in 2007.
｜ ｜ Tangmei 塘美 4 Decommissioned in 2007.
● ● Xiancun 仙村 51 4
｜ ｜ Shitan 石滩 60 4 Decommissioned in 2009.
｜ ｜ Honghai 红海 64 4 Not for passenger service. Decommissioned in 2006.
｜ ｜ Shilong 石龙 69 Shilong, Dongguan 3 Decommissioned in 2014.
● ● Dongguan 东莞 72 2
｜ ● Chashan 茶山 75 Chashan, Dongguan 4
｜ ｜ Nanshe 南社 78 4 Decommissioned in 2007.
｜ ｜ Hengli 横沥 84 Hengli, Dongguan 4 Decommissioned in 2009.
● ● Changping 常平 90 Changping, Dongguan 2
｜ ｜ Tutang 土塘 94 5 Decommissioned
● ● Zhangmutou 樟木头 103 Zhangmutou, Dongguan 3
｜ ｜ Lincun 林村 Tangxia, Dongguan 4 Decommissioned in 2010.
● ● Tangtouxia 塘头厦 114 4
｜ ｜ Shigu 石鼓 119 4 Decommissioned in 2007.
｜ ｜ Tiantangwei 天堂围 122 Fenggang, Dongguan 4 Decommissioned in 2007.
● ● Pinghu 平湖 127 Longgang, Shenzhen 4
｜ ● Pinghu South 平湖南 131
｜ ｜ Lilang 李朗 4 Decommissioned in 2007.
● ● Shenzhen East 深圳东 139 3
● ● Sungang 笋岗 144 Luohu, Shenzhen 1 Not for passenger service.
● ● Shenzhen 深圳 147 1 The departure station for all Guangzhou - Shenzhen intercity trains (CRH)
↓ Through-service to/from Hung Hom (Kowloon) via East Rail Line ↓

Revoked stations

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Guangshen Railway.

References

  1. ^ Canton-Kowloon Chinese Railway 5% Loan - 1938
  1. ^ a b Top class; Chinese: 特等站

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