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List of political parties in Germany

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Political ideologies

This is a list of political parties in Germany.

The Parliament of Germany, the Bundestag, has a plural multi-party system, with two major parties, the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), with its sister party, the Christian Social Union (CSU) in the same parliamentary group, also known as CDU/CSU or the Union.

Germany also has a number of minor parties, most importantly The Left, and Alliance '90/The Greens. The federal government of Germany usually consisted of a coalition of a major and a minor party, most typically CDU/CSU and Free Democratic Party (FDP), or a 'red-green alliance' of the SPD and Greens. From 1966 to 1969, from 2005 to 2009 and again since 2013, the federal government consisted of a Grand Coalition.[1] In 2013, the FDP was voted out of the national Parliament, and in the following months also out of some state Parliaments such that it is not participating in any governments any longer.

Coalitions in the Bundestag and state legislators are often described by party colors. Party colors are the Social Democratic Party being red, the Alliance '90/The Greens green, the Free Democratic Party yellow, the Left dark red, red or purple, and the CDU/CSU black or blue.[2][3]

The parties

Parties represented in the Bundestag or the European Parliament

Logo Name Abbr. Leader Ideology MdBs MEPs Political Position EP-group Notes
style="background-color: Template:Christian Democratic Union (Germany)/meta/color" | Christian Democratic Union of Germany
Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands 		CDU Angela Merkel Christian democracy,[4] Liberal conservatism[4] 255 29 Centre-right EPP [A]
style="background-color: Template:Christian Social Union of Bavaria/meta/color" | Link to logo Christian Social Union in Bavaria
Christlich-Soziale Union in Bayern 		CSU Horst Seehofer Christian democracy,[4] Conservatism,[4] Regionalism[4] 56 5 Centre-right[5][6][7] EPP
style="background-color: Template:Social Democratic Party of Germany/meta/color" | Social Democratic Party of Germany
Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands 		SPD Sigmar Gabriel Social democracy[4] 193 27 Centre-left S&D
style="background-color: Template:The Left (Germany)/meta/color" | The Left
Die Linke 		LINKE Katja Kipping and Bernd Riexinger Democratic socialism,[4]
Left-wing populism 		64 7 Left-wing GUE/NGL
style="background-color: Template:Alliance '90/The Greens/meta/color" | Alliance '90/The Greens
Bündnis 90/Die Grünen 		GRÜNE Simone Peter and Cem Özdemir Green politics[4] 63 11 Centre-left Greens/EFA
style="background-color:Template:Liberal Conservative Reformers/meta/color" | Liberal Conservative Reformers
Liberal-Konservative Reformer 		LKR Bernd Lucke Euroscepticism,
Conservativism,
Economic liberalism 		0 5 Centre-right ECR
style="background-color: Template:Free Democratic Party (Germany)/meta/color" | Free Democratic Party
Freie Demokratische Partei 		FDP Christian Lindner Liberalism,[4] Classical liberalism[8][9] 0 3 Centre-right ALDE
style="background-color: Template:Alternative for Germany/meta/color" | Alternative for Germany
Alternative für Deutschland 		AfD Frauke Petry and Jörg Meuthen Euroscepticism,[10] National conservatism,[11] Right-wing populism[12] 0 2 Right-wing EFDD / ENF
Free Voters
Freie Wähler 		FREIE WÄHLER Hubert Aiwanger Populism, Localism, Direct Democracy, Economic liberalism, Liberal conservatism 0 1 Centre-right ALDE
style="background-color: Template:Pirate Party Germany/meta/color" | Pirate Party Germany
Piratenpartei Deutschland 		PIRATEN Stefan Körner Pirate politics, Social liberalism[11] 0 1 Centre to Centre-left Greens/EFA
style="background-color: Template:National Democratic Party of Germany/meta/color" | National Democratic Party of Germany
Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands 		NPD Frank Franz German nationalism, Pan-Germanism, Anti-immigration 0 1 Far-right[10] None
Family Party of Germany
Familien-Partei Deutschlands 		FAMILIE Maria Hartmann Social conservatism[10] 0 1 Centre-right ECR
Ecological Democratic Party
Ökologisch-Demokratische Partei 		ÖDP Sebastian Frankenberger Green conservatism[10] 0 1 Centre-right Greens/EFA
Die PARTEI
Partei für Arbeit, Rechtsstaat, Tierschutz, Elitenförderung und basisdemokratische Initiative 		Die PARTEI Martin Sonneborn Satire 0 1 Apolitical None
A The CDU and CSU form the CDU/CSU group in the Bundestag; CSU runs only in Bavaria, CDU elsewhere.

One German MEP is independent, member of the GUE-NGL-group in the European Parliament and was elected as a candidate of the Human Environment Animal Protection-party (better known as Tierschutzpartei).

Parties represented in state parliaments

Logo Name Abbr. Leader Ideology Elected in State (Seats) Position Notes
South Schleswig Voters' Association
Südschleswigscher Wählerverband 		SSW Flemming Meyer Regionalism, ethnic minority politics, Social liberalism[13] Schleswig-Holstein (3) Centre-left [A]
Citizens in Rage
Bürger in Wut 		BIW Jan Timke Right-wing populism Bremen (1) Right-wing
United Civil Movements of Brandenburg / Free Voters
Brandenburger Vereinigte Bürgerbewegungen / Freie Wähler 		BVB / FW Péter Vida Localism, Direct democracy Brandenburg (3) Centre-left
A Represents the Danish and Frisian minorities. Not subject to the general requirement of passing a 5% vote threshold.

Minor parties

Historical parties

Parties existing up to World War I

Logo Name Abbr. Ideology
Bavarian Peasants' League BB
style="background-color: Template:Centre Party (Germany)/meta/color" | Centre Party Zentrum
Christian Social Party CSP
Democratic Union DV
Free Conservative Party FKP
Free-minded People's Party FVP
Free-minded Union FV
General German Workers' Association ADAV
German Conservative Party DKP
German Fatherland Party
German-Hanoverian Party DHP
German People's Party DtVP
German Progress Party DFP
German Free-minded Party DFP
Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany USPD
Liberal Union LV
National Liberal Party NLP
National-Social Association NSV
Progressive People's Party FVP
Social Democratic Party of Germany SPD
Social Democratic Workers' Party of Germany SDAP

Parties in Weimar Republic

Defunct parties in (former) West Germany

Parties banned by the Constitutional Court

Parties in (former) East Germany

Bloc parties in the socialist state (1949–1989)

During transition (1989–90)

Parties founded from 1989

See also

References

  1. ^ http://www.dw-world.de/popups/popup_printcontent/0,,1647406,00.html
  2. ^ "Political parties form colorful spectrum in Germany". Deutsche Welle. 2009-08-18. Retrieved 2009-09-12.
  3. ^ The Green party: Getting used to opposition, Deutsche Welle, 2009-08-24, retrieved 2009-10-12, This made a so-called Jamaica coalition with the Christian Democratic Union and the Free Democratic Party impossible.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i Parties and Elections in Europe: The database about parliamentary elections and political parties in Europe, by Wolfram Nordsieck
  5. ^ Christina Boswell; Dan Hough (2009). Politicizing migration: Opportunity or liability for the centre-right in Germany. Routledge. pp. 18, 21. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  6. ^ Klaus Detterbeck (2012). Multi-Level Party Politics in Western Europe. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 105.
  7. ^ Margret Hornsteiner; Thomas Saalfeld (2014). Parties and the Party System. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 80. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  8. ^ George C. Lodge; Ezra F. Vogel (1987). Ideology and National Competitiveness: An Analysis of Nine Countries. Harvard Business Press. p. 85. ISBN 978-0-87584-147-2.
  9. ^ Russell A. Berman (2010). Freedom Or Terror: Europe Faces Jihad. Hoover Press. p. 110. ISBN 978-0-8179-1114-0.
  10. ^ a b c d William T Daniel (2015). Career Behaviour and the European Parliament: All Roads Lead Through Brussels?. Oxford University Press. p. 135. ISBN 978-0-19-871640-2.
  11. ^ a b Simon Franzmann (2015). "The Failed Struggle for Office Instead of Votes". In Gabriele D'Ottavio; Thomas Saalfeld (eds.). Germany After the 2013 Elections: Breaking the Mould of Post-Unification Politics?. Ashgate. pp. 166–167. ISBN 978-1-4724-4439-4.
  12. ^ Frank Decker (2015). "Follow-up to the Grand Coalition: The Germany Party System before and after the 2013 Federal Election". In Eric Langenbacher (ed.). The Merkel Republic: An Appraisal. Berghahn Books. pp. 34–39. ISBN 978-1-78238-896-8.
  13. ^ José Magone (2011). Contemporary European Politics: A Comparative Introduction. Routledge. p. 392.
  14. ^ [1], Retrieved 2016 March 05.
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