October 14

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October 14 is the 287th day of the year (288th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 78 days remain until the end of the year.

Events

• 1066 - Norman Conquest: Battle of Hastings - In England on Senlac Hill, seven miles from Hastings, the forces of William the Conqueror defeat the Saxon army and kill King Harold II of England.
• 1322 - Robert the Bruce of Scotland defeats King Edward II of England at Byland, forcing Edward to accept Scotland's independence.
• 1582 - Because of the implementation of the Gregorian calendar this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.
• 1586 - Mary I of Scotland goes on trial for conspiracy against Elizabeth I of England.
• 1656 - Massachusetts enacts the first punitive legislation against the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers). The marriage of church-and-state in Puritanism makes them regard the ritual-free Quakers as spiritually apostate and politically subversive.
• 1758 - Austria defeats Prussia at the Battle of Hochkirk
• 1773 - The first recorded Ministry of Education, the Komisja Edukacji Narodowej (Polish for Commission of National Education), is formed in Poland.
• 1773 - American Revolutionary War: The United Kingdom's East India Company tea ships' cargo are burned at Annapolis, Maryland.
• 1789 - George Washington proclaims the first Thanksgiving Day.
• 1805 - Battle of Elchingen, France defeats Austria
• 1806 - Battle of Jena-Auerstädt France defeats Prussia
• 1812 - Work on London's Regent's Canal starts.
• 1834 - In Philadelphia, Whigs and Democrats stage a gun, stone and brick battle for control of a Moyamensing Township election, resulting in one death, several injuries, and the burning down of a block of buildings.
• 1840 - Maronite leader Bashir II surrenders to the British forces and goes into exile in Malta.
• 1843 - The British arrest Irish nationalist Daniel O'Connell for conspiracy.
• 1863 - American Civil War: Battle of Bristoe Station - Confederate General Robert E. Lee forces fail to drive the Union Army out of Virginia.
• 1867 - The 15th and last Shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate resigns in Japan.
• 1882 - University of the Punjab is founded in present day Pakistan.
• 1884 - George Eastman patents paper-strip photographic film.
• 1888 - Louis Le Prince films first motion picture: Roundhay Garden Scene.
• 1910 - English aviator Claude Grahame-White lands his Farman biplane on Executive Avenue (now Pennsylvania Avenue) near the White House.
• 1912 - While campaigning in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, former president Theodore Roosevelt is shot by saloonkeeper John Schrank. With a fresh flesh wound and the bullet still in him, Roosevelt still delivers his scheduled speech.
• 1913 - Senghenydd Colliery Disaster, the United Kingdom's worst coal mining accident, which claimed 439 lives.
• 1916 - Sophomore tackle and guard Paul Robeson is excluded from the Rutgers football team when Washington and Lee University refused to play against a black person.
• 1916 - The Perm State University was founded in Russia.
• 1920 - Part of Petsamo province is ceded by Soviet Union to Finland.
• 1925 - Anti-French uprising in Damascus (French inhabitants flee)
• 1926 - The children's book Winnie-the-Pooh, by A.A. Milne, is first published.
• 1933 - Nazi Germany withdraws from The League of Nations.
• 1939 - German U-Boat U-47 sinks British battleship HMS Royal Oak.
• 1940 Balham tube disaster during the Blitz.
• 1942 - A German U-boat sinks the ferry SS Caribou, killing 137.
• 1943 - Prisoners at the Sobibor death camp in Poland revolt, resulting in the death of 11 SS. About half of the camp's 600 prisoners escape; about 50 survive the war.
• 1943 - U.S. 8th Air Force loses 60 B-17 Flying Fortresses during an assault on Schweinfurt.
• 1944 - Allied troops land in Corfu.
• 1947 - Chuck Yeager flies a Bell X-1 faster than the speed of sound, the first man to do so in level flight.
• 1949 - Eleven leaders of the U.S. Communist Party are convicted, after a nine-month trial, of conspiring to advocate the violent overthrow of the U.S. government.
• 1949 - Chinese Red Army occupies Canton (Guangzhou).
• 1957 - Queen Elizabeth II becomes the first Canadian monarch to open the Parliament of Canada with the Speech from the Throne.
• 1958 - The U.S. conducts an underground nuclear weapon test at the Nevada Test Site.
• 1958 - The District of Columbia Bar Association votes to accept black Americans as members.
• 1962 - Cuban Missile Crisis begins: A U-2 flight over Cuba takes photos of Soviet nuclear weapons being installed.
• 1964 - Leonid Brezhnev becomes general secretary of the CPSU and leader of the Soviet Union, ousting Nikita Khrushchev.
• 1964 - American civil rights movement leader Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr becomes the youngest recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize.
• 1966 - The city of Montreal inaugurates the Montreal Metro.
• 1967 - Vietnam War: Folk singer Joan Baez is arrested in a blockade of the military induction center in Oakland, California.
• 1968 - Vietnam War: 27 soldiers are arrested at the Presidio in San Francisco for their peaceful protest of stockade conditions and the Vietnam War.
• 1968 - Vietnam War: The United States Department of Defense announces that the United States Army and United States Marines will be sending about 24,000 troops back to Vietnam for involuntary second tours.
• 1968 - First live telecast from a manned U.S. spacecraft Apollo 7.
• 1968 - A 6.8 earthquake wrecked the Australian town of Meckering, and also ruptured all major roads and railways nearby.
• 1968 - Jim Hines of the USA becomes the first man ever to break the ten second barrier in the 100 metres Olympic final at Mexico City with a time of 9.95 sec. He would be the only man to do so until 1983.
• 1968 - The rebuilt Euston station in London is opened.
• 1969 - The United Kingdom introduces the 50p (fifty-pence) coin, replacing the ten-shilling note, in anticipation of the decimalisation of the currency in 1971.
• 1973 - Thailand's University Students protest for a democratic government; 77 are killed and 857 injured.
• 1979 - The first Gay Rights March on Washington, D.C. demands "an end to all social, economic, judicial, and legal oppression of lesbian and gay people," draws 200,000 people.
• 1981 - Citing official misconduct in the investigation and trial, Amnesty International charges the U.S. government with holding Richard Marshall of the American Indian Movement as a political prisoner.
• 1981 - Vice President Hosni Mubarak is elected President of Egypt one week after Anwar Sadat was assassinated.
• 1982 - U.S. President Ronald Reagan proclaims a War on Drugs.
• 1994 - Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat, Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin, and Israeli Foreign Minister Shimon Peres receive the Nobel Peace Prize.
• 1998 - Eric Robert Rudolph is charged with 6 bombings including the 1996 Centennial Olympic Park bombing in Atlanta, Georgia.

Births

• 1257 - King Przemysl II of Poland (d. 1296)
• 1404 - Marie of Anjou, queen of France (d. 1463)
• 1493 - Shimazu Tadayoshi, Japanese warlord (d. 1568)
• 1499 - Claude of France, wife of Louis XII of France (d. 1524)
• 1630 - Sophia of Hanover, Princess Palatine and Electress of Saxony (d. 1714)
• 1633 - James II of England and VII of Scotland (d. 1701)
• 1643 - Bahadur Shah I, Mughal Emperor of India (d. 1712)
• 1644 - William Penn, English founder of Pennsylvania (d. 1718)
• 1687 - Robert Simson, Scottish mathematician (d. 1768)
• 1712 - George Grenville, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1770)
• 1726 - Charles Middleton, 1st Baron Barham, English sailor and politician (d. 1813)
• 1733 - François Sebastien Charles Joseph de Croix, Count of Clerfayt, Austrian field marshal (d. 1798)
• 1784 - King Ferdinand VII of Spain (d. 1833)
• 1801 - Joseph Plateau, Belgian physicist (d. 1883)
• 1806 - Preston King, U.S. Senator from New York (d. 1865)
• 1842 - Joe Start, American baseball player (d. 1927)
• 1861 - Artur Gavazzi, Croatian geographer (d. 1944)
• 1869 - Joseph Duveen, British art dealer (d. 1939)
• 1873 - Ray Ewry, American athlete (d. 1937)
• 1873 - Jules Rimet, president of FIFA (d. 1954)
• 1882 - Eamon de Valera, Irish politician and patriot (d. 1975)
• 1882 - Charlie Parker, English cricketer (d. 1959)
• 1887 - Bernard Montgomery, British General. (d. 1976)
• 1888 - Katherine Mansfield, New Zealand writer (d. 1923)
• 1890 - Dwight D. Eisenhower, U.S. general and 34th President of the United States (d. 1969)
• 1892 - Sumner Welles, American diplomat (d. 1961)
• 1893 - Lillian Gish, American actress (d. 1993)
• 1894 - E. E. Cummings, American poet (d. 1962)
• 1900 - Agustín Lara, Mexican composer (d. 1970)
• 1902 - Learco Guerra, Italian cyclist (d. 1963)
• 1904 - Christian Pineau, French World War II resistance fighter (d. 1995)
• 1906 - Hannah Arendt, German political theorist and writer (d. 1975)
• 1906 - Imam Hassan al Banna, Egyptian founder of the Muslim Brotherhood (d. 1949)
• 1908 - Ruth Hale, American playwright and actress (d. 2003)
• 1908 - Allan Jones, American actor and singer (d. 1992)
• 1909 - Bernd Rosemeyer, German racecar driver (d. 1938)
• 1909 - Dorothy Kingsley, American screenwriter (d. 1996)
• 1910 - John Wooden, American basketball player and coach
• 1911 - Lê Ðức Thọ, Vietnamese general and politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1990)
• 1914 - Raymond Davis Jr., American physicist, Nobel laureate (d. 2006)
• 1914 - Dick Durrance, American skier (d. 2004)
• 1914 - Harry Brecheen, American baseball player (d. 2004)
• 1916 - C. Everett Koop, United States Surgeon General
• 1918 - Marcel Chaput, French Canadian politician (d. 1991)
• 1926 - Bill Justis, American saxophonist and composer (d. 1982)
• 1927 - Roger Moore, English actor
• 1928 - Frank E. Resnik, American business executive (d. 1995)
• 1929 - Yvon Durelle, Canadian boxer (d. 2007)
• 1930 - Mobutu Sese Seko, President of Zaire (d. 1997)
• 1931 - Nikhil Banerjee, Indian classical musician (d. 1986)
• 1932 - Anatoly Larkin, Russian-American physicist (d. 2005)
• 1932 - Enrico di Giuseppe, American tenor (d. 2005)
• 1935 - La Monte Young, American composer
• 1938 - John W. Dean III, Watergate figure
• 1938 - Empress Farah Diba of Iran
• 1938 - Ron Lancaster, American-born Canadian football player and coach
• 1939 - Ralph Lauren, American fashion designer
• 1939 - Rocky Thompson, American golfer
• 1940 - Perrie Mans, South African snooker player
• 1940 - Cliff Richard, English singer
• 1940 - Christopher Timothy, British actor
• 1941 - Art Shamsky, American baseball player
• 1942 - Evelio Javier, Filipino politician, lawyer, and civil servant (d. 1986)
• 1944 - Udo Kier, German actor
• 1945 - Colin Hodgkinson, English musician (Whitesnake)
• 1946 - Justin Hayward, English musician (Moody Blues)
• 1946 - James Robert "Radio" Kennedy, American football coach
• 1946 - Craig Venter, American biologist
• 1946 - Al Oliver, American baseball player
• 1946 - Dan McCafferty, Scottish musician (Nazareth)
• 1947 - Lukas Resetarits, Austrian cabaret artist
• 1948 - Harry Anderson, American actor
• 1948 - David Ruprecht, American game show host
• 1948 - Engin Arık, Turkish nuclear physicist (d. 2007)
• 1949 - Katy Manning, English/Australian actress
• 1949 - Katha Pollitt, American writer
• 1952 - Nikolai Andrianov, Soviet gymnast
• 1953 - Shelley Ackerman, American astrologer, writer, singer
• 1954 - Carole Malone, English newspaper columnist
• 1957 - Michel Després, Quebec politician
• 1958 - Thomas Dolby, English musician
• 1960 - Steve Cram, English athlete
• 1961 - Isaac Mizrahi American fashion designer
• 1962 - Jaan Ehlvest, Estonian chess player
• 1963 - Yim Jae-beom, South Korean singer
• 1963 - Lori Petty, American actress
• 1964 - Olu Oguibe, American artist
• 1964 - Joe Girardi, American baseball player
• 1964 - Jim Rome, American sport talk show host
• 1965 - Jüri Jaanson, Estonian rower
• 1965 - Constantine Koukias, Australian composer
• 1965 - Steve Coogan, English actor
• 1965 - Karyn White, American singer
• 1966 - Savanna Samson, American porn star
• 1967 - Pat Kelly, American baseball player
• 1967 - Sylvain Lefebvre, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1967 - Stephen A. Smith, American sports journalist
• 1968 - Matthew Le Tissier, English footballer
• 1968 - Johnny Goudie, American musician
• 1969 - David Strickland, American actor (d. 1999)
• 1969 - P. J. Brown, American basketball player
• 1970 - Jim Jackson, American basketball player
• 1970 - Daniela Peštová, Czech supermodel
• 1970 - Jon Seda, Puerto Rican actor
• 1970 - Pär Zetterberg, Swedish football player
• 1971 - Jorge Costa, Portuguese footballer
• 1971 - Antonios Nikopolidis, Greek footballer
• 1974 - Natalie Maines, American musician (Dixie Chicks)
• 1974 - Jessica Drake, American porn star
• 1974 - Joseph Utsler, American musician
• 1975 - Floyd Landis, American cyclist
• 1975 - Shaznay Lewis, English singer (All Saints)
• 1976 - Nataša Kejžar, Slovenian swimmer
• 1976 - Henry Mateo, Dominican baseball player
• 1976 - Ben Pridmore, World Memory Champion
• 1977 - Kelly Schumacher, Canadian basketball player
• 1977 - Bianca Beauchamp, adult model
• 1977 - Jonathan Kerrigan, English actor
• 1977 - Tina Dico, Danish singer-songwriter
• 1978 - Justin Brannan, American musician, writer
• 1978 - Ryan Church, American baseball player
• 1978 - Paul Hunter, English snooker player (d. 2006)
• 1978 - Steven Thompson, Scottish footballer
• 1978 - Usher, American singer and actor
• 1978 - Javon Walker, American football player
• 1979 - Stacy Keibler, American actress / ex-professional wrestler
• 1980 - Terrence McGee, American football player
• 1980 - Paul Ambrosi, Ecuadorian footballer
• 1980 - Daniela Peštová , Czech model
• 1980 - Niels Lodberg, Danish footballer
• 1981 - Boof Bonser, American baseball player
• 1983 - Vanessa Lane, American porn star
• 1983 - Arron Gallagher, Regular Irish guy
• 1983 - Lin Dan, Chinese badminton player
• 1984 - LaRon Landry, American football player
• 1985 - Digão, Brazilian footballer
• 1985 - Daniel Clark, Canadian actor
• 1985 - Sherlyn González, Mexican actress
• 1985 - Alexandre Sarnes Negrão, Brazilian racing driver
• 1986 - Tom Craddock, English footballer
• 1986 - Skyler Shaye, American actress
• 1988 - MacKenzie Mauzy, American actress
• 1988 - Max Thieriot, American actor
• 1992 - Tawnia Jones, daughter of Darla Jones and Ben Newsom

Deaths

• 1066 - Harold Godwinson, King of England
• 1092 - Nizam al-Mulk, Persian vizier (b. 1018)
• 1256 - Kujo Yoritsugu, Japanese shogun (b. 1239)
• 1318 - Edward Bruce, High King of Ireland
• 1552 - Oswald Myconius, Swiss Protestant reformer (b. 1488)
• 1565 - Thomas Chaloner, English statesman and poet (b. 1521)
• 1568 - Jacques Arcadelt, Flemish composer
• 1610 - Amago Yoshihisa, Japanese samurai and warlord (b. 1540)
• 1619 - Samuel Daniel, English poet (b. 1562)
• 1637 - Gabriello Chiabrera, Italian poet (b. 1552)
• 1660 - Thomas Harrison, English Puritan soldier (b. 1606)
• 1669 - Antonio Cesti, Italian composer (b. 1623)
• 1703 - Thomas Hansen Kingo, Danish poet (b. 1634)
• 1711 - Tewoflos, Emperor of Ethiopia (b. 1708)
• 1758 - Francis Edward James Keith, Scottish soldier and Prussian field marshal (b. 1696)
• 1831 - Jean-Louis Pons, French astronomer (b. 1761)
• 1911 - John Marshall Harlan, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (b. 1833)
• 1944 - Erwin Rommel, German field marshall (b. 1891)
• 1958 - Douglas Mawson, Australian Antarctic explorer (b. 1882)
• 1959 - Errol Flynn, Australian actor (b. 1909)
• 1960 - Abram Ioffe, Russian physicist (b. 1880)
• 1961 - Paul Ramadier, French politician (b. 1888)
• 1961 - Harriet Shaw Weaver, English political activist (b. 1876)
• 1967 - Marcel Aymé, French novelist and playwright (b. 1902)
• 1973 - Edmund A. Chester, American broadcaster and journalist (b. 1897)
• 1976 - Dame Edith Evans, English actress (b. 1888)
• 1977 - Bing Crosby, American singer and actor (b. 1903)
• 1983 - Willard Price, Canadian author and naturalist
• 1984 - Martin Ryle, English radio astronomer, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics (b. 1918)
• 1985 - Emil Gilels, Ukrainian pianist (b. 1916)
• 1986 - Keenan Wynn, American actor (b. 1916)
• 1989 - Michael Carmine, American actor (b.1959)
• 1990 - Leonard Bernstein, American composer and conductor (b. 1918)
• 1997 - Harold Robbins, American novelist (b. 1915)
• 1998 - Cleveland Amory, American writer and animal rights activist (b. 1917)
• 1998 - Frankie Yankovic, American musician (b. 1916)
• 1999 - Julius Nyerere, Tanzanian politician (b. 1922)
• 2002 - Norbert Schultze, American composer and songwriter (b. 1911)
• 2003 - Patrick Dalzel-Job, English soldier and inspiration for James Bond (b. 1913)
• 2004 - Vlassis Bonatsos, Greek singer, actor and entertainer (b. 1949)
• 2005 - Jody Dobrowski, English murder victim (b. 1981)
• 2006 - Jared Anderson, American bassist (b. 1975)
• 2006 - Freddy Fender, American musician (b. 1937)
• 2006 - Maurice Grosse, British paranormal investigator (b. 1919)
• 2006 - Nancy Lynn, American aviator (b. 1956)
• 2006 - Gerry Studds, American politician (b. 1937)
• 2007 - Big Moe, American rapper (b. 1974)

Holidays and observances

• RC Saints - Pope Callistus I, Angadrisma
• Teachers' Day, or National Education Day in Poland
• French Republican Calendar - Navet (Turnip) Day, twenty-third day in the Month of Vendémiaire
• Chişinău's (Republic of Moldova's capital) - national holiday (known as "Hramul Oraşului" by locals).

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada

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