Telugu cinema: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox Company |
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|name = Tollywood |
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|logo = [[Image:Ramojifilmcity hyderabad.jpg|230px]] |
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|caption = [[Mughal Gardens]] replica in [[Ramoji Film City]], a [[movie studio]] in [[Hyderabad]] |
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|type = |
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|foundation = 1921 - [[Madras Presidency]] |
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|location_city = [[Film nagar]], [[Hyderabad]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] |
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|location_country = [[India]] |
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|location = |
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|locations = |
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|key_people = |
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|area_served = |
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|industry = [[Motion picture]]s |
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|products = |
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|services = |
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|revenue = |
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|operating_income = |
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|net_income = |
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|num_employees = |
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|parent = |
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|owner = |
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|divisions = |
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|subsid = |
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|slogan = |
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|homepage = {{URL|http://www.apfilmchamber.com/}} |
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|dissolved = |
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|footnotes = |
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|intl = yes |
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|nickname= T-town |
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}} |
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{{South Asian cinema}} |
{{South Asian cinema}} |
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The '''cinema of Andhra Pradesh''', also referred to as '''Telugu Cinema''' or '''Tollywood''', is the [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film industry in [[India]]. The [[Telugu language]] film industry is known for being one of the three largest in terms of no.of films produced yearly in India.<ref>http://cbfcindia.gov.in/CbfcWeb/fckeditor/editor/images/Uploadedfiles/file/Publications/cbfc_AR_2010_E.pdf</ref><ref>[http://www.blonnet.com/2007/11/06/stories/2007110650842300.htm ]</ref> The [[Prasads IMAX]] theatre in Hyderabad has the biggest [[IMAX 3D]] screen in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slashfilm.com/2007/12/06/100-new-imax-screens |title=100 New IMAX Screens | /Film |publisher=Slashfilm.com |date=2007-12-06 |accessdate=2011-09-21}}</ref> The industry holds the [[Guinness World Records|Guinness Record]] for the largest film production facility in the world.<ref name=ramoji>[http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records/science_and_technology/structures/largest_film_studio.aspx Structures - Largest Film Studio]</ref> [[Brahmanandam]], a Telugu actor, holds [[Guinness record]] for acting in the most number of films in the same language.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India_Buzz/Guinness_record_for_Brahmanandam/articleshow/2622862.cms |title=Guinness record for Brahmanandam |publisher=[[The Times of India]] |date=15 December 2007 |accessdate=10 October 2010}}</ref><ref name=bguinness>{{cite web|url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/Search/Details/Most-screen-credits-for-a-living-actor/59409.htm |title=Home of the Longest, Shortest, Fastest, Tallest facts and feats |publisher=Guinness World Records |date= |accessdate=2011-09-21}}</ref> |
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The '''Cinema of Andhra Pradesh''', also referred to as '''Telugu Cinema''' or '''Tollywood''', is the [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film industry in [[India]]. The [[Telugu language]] film industry is known for being one of the three largest in terms of no.of films produced yearly in India.<ref>http://cbfcindia.gov.in/CbfcWeb/fckeditor/editor/images/Uploadedfiles/file/Publications/cbfc_AR_2010_E.pdf</ref><ref>[http://www.blonnet.com/2007/11/06/stories/2007110650842300.htm ]</ref> The [[Prasads IMAX]] theatre in Hyderabad is one of the biggest [[IMAX 3D]] screens in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slashfilm.com/2007/12/06/100-new-imax-screens |title=100 New IMAX Screens | /Film |publisher=Slashfilm.com |date=2007-12-06 |accessdate=2011-09-21}}</ref> The industry holds the [[Guinness World Records|Guinness Record]] for the largest film production facility in the world.<ref name=ramoji>[http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records/science_and_technology/structures/largest_film_studio.aspx Structures - Largest Film Studio]</ref> [[Brahmanandam]], a Telugu actor, holds [[Guinness record]] for acting in the most number of films in the same language.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India_Buzz/Guinness_record_for_Brahmanandam/articleshow/2622862.cms |title=Guinness record for Brahmanandam |publisher=[[The Times of India]] |date=15 December 2007 |accessdate=10 October 2010}}</ref><ref name=bguinness>{{cite web|url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/Search/Details/Most-screen-credits-for-a-living-actor/59409.htm |title=Home of the Longest, Shortest, Fastest, Tallest facts and feats |publisher=Guinness World Records |date= |accessdate=2011-09-21}}</ref> |
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==Industry== |
==Industry== |
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The Telugu film industry has completely shifted its base from [[Chennai]] to [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]] in the early 1990's. |
The Telugu film industry has completely shifted its base from [[Chennai]] to [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]] in the early 1990's during [[N. T. Rama Rao]]'s political realm.<ref>http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article884479.ece</ref> Veteran actor [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]] was the first person to come to Hyderabad and build a studio, which he named [[Annapurna Studios]]. The Telugu film industry is one of the three largest film producers in India. About 245 Telugu films were produced in 2006.<ref>[http://www.blonnet.com/2007/11/06/stories/2007110650842300.htm Telugu film industry enters new era]</ref> To date, more than 11,567 films have been made. More than 50 Telugu films so far have been remade or dubbed into other Indian languages (see [[List of films remade or dubbed from the Telugu language]]). |
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==Box office== |
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The Telugu film industry accounts for 1% of the gross domestic product of [[Andhra Pradesh]] |
The Telugu film industry accounts for 1% of the gross domestic product of [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref name=autogenerated1>[http://osdir.com/ml/culture.region.india.zestmedia/2007-01/msg00117.html Telugu film industry, Ind: msg#00117<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> There is a fair amount of dispersion among the Indian film industries. Many successful Telugu films have been remade by the Hindi and Tamil film industries. The industry also remakes a few [[Hindi]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], and [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] movies. Many [[Tamil language|Tamil]] films are dubbed into Telugu on release.<ref>{{Cite document|title= Annual report 2009|url=http://cbfcindia.gov.in/CbfcWeb/fckeditor/editor/images/Uploadedfiles/file/Publications/ANR2009-ch6-SI.pdf|format= PDF|accessdate= 2010-07-16|publisher= [[Central Board of Film Certification]], [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]], GOVERNMENT OF INDIA.|postscript= }}</ref> |
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==Distribution== |
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Telugu film distribution is divided into 12 areas: |
Telugu film distribution is divided into 12 areas: |
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==Dubbed films== |
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[[Tamil Cinema|Tamil films]] are regularly dubbed into Telugu and have a decent market in [[Andhra Pradesh]]. There have been instances of dubbed films from Tamil overtaking profits of Telugu films in the state which made the Andhra government increase the entertainment tax for dubbed films.<ref>{{cite web|author=July 12, 2011 DC Hyderabad |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/cities/hyderabad/dubbed-movies-get-more-screens-242 |title=Dubbed movies get more screens |publisher=Deccan Chronicle |date=2011-07-12 |accessdate=2011-09-21}}</ref> In 2005, the Telugu box office was entirely dominated by dubs from Tamil.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/12/29/stories/2006122901630100.htm | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu | title=A few hits and many flops | date=29 December 2006}}</ref> The dubbed version of ''[[Enthiran]]'' (''Robot'') grossed {{INR}}60 crore in Andhra Pradesh, becoming the second highest grossing film in the state.<ref>{{cite web|author=Published Date : 30-Dec-2010 06:28:27 GMT |url=http://www.greatandhra.com/viewnews.php?id=25905&cat=1&scat=4 |title=Tollywood Commercial Hits 2010 |publisher=Greatandhra.com |date=2010-12-30 |accessdate=2011-09-21}}</ref> [[List of Tamil actors|Tamil actors]] like [[Rajinikanth]], [[Kamal Haasan]], [[Vikram (actor)|Vikram]], [[Suriya (actor)|Suriya]] and [[Karthi]] are quite popular in Tollywood as many of their films have been dubbed into Telugu.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/tamil-films-dominate-andhra-market-news-tamil-lhnlKUabgib.html |title=Tamil films dominate Andhra market |publisher=Sify.com |date= |accessdate=2011-09-21}}</ref> |
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==History== |
==History== |
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==Early development: 1912–1930== |
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The Telugu film industry originated with silent film in 1912, with the production of ''Bhisma Pratighna''. The film was directed by [[Raghupathi Venkaiah Naidu]] and his son R. S. Prakash.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.totaltollywood.com/articles/history/index.php?id=1 |title=Telugu Cinema Biography |publisher=Totaltollywood.com |date=1913-05-03 |accessdate=2011-09-21}}</ref> The two would go on to produce and direct dozens of films throughout the decade, casting theater actors in major roles.<ref>[http://www.cinegoer.com/telugucinema8.htm CineGoer.com - Articles - History Of Birth And Growth Of Telugu Cinema]</ref> They established a long-lasting precedent of focusing exclusively on religious themes; ''[[Nandanar (Telugu film)|Nandanar]]'',<ref>[http://www.indiafilm.com/lm.htm Land Marks in Tamil Cinema]</ref> ''[[Gajendra Moksham (Telugu film)|Gajendra Moksham]]'', and ''[[Matsyavatar (Telugu film)|Matsyavatar]]'', three of their most famous productions, centered on religious figures, parables, and morals.<ref>[http://www.tamilentertainment.com/Memories/98/fna/fna1.htm 1916-1936<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
The Telugu film industry originated with silent film in 1912, with the production of ''Bhisma Pratighna''. The film was directed by [[Raghupathi Venkaiah Naidu]] and his son R. S. Prakash.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.totaltollywood.com/articles/history/index.php?id=1 |title=Telugu Cinema Biography |publisher=Totaltollywood.com |date=1913-05-03 |accessdate=2011-09-21}}</ref> The two, along with [[Yaragudipati Varada Rao]], would go on to produce and direct dozens of films throughout the decade, casting theater actors in major roles.<ref>[http://www.cinegoer.com/telugucinema8.htm CineGoer.com - Articles - History Of Birth And Growth Of Telugu Cinema]</ref> They established a long-lasting precedent of focusing exclusively on religious themes; ''[[Nandanar (Telugu film)|Nandanar]]'',<ref>[http://www.indiafilm.com/lm.htm Land Marks in Tamil Cinema]</ref> ''[[Gajendra Moksham (Telugu film)|Gajendra Moksham]]'', and ''[[Matsyavatar (Telugu film)|Matsyavatar]]'', three of their most famous productions, centered on religious figures, parables, and morals.<ref>[http://www.tamilentertainment.com/Memories/98/fna/fna1.htm 1916-1936<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
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===Rise of the talkie: 1931–1947=== |
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[[File:Bhakta Prahlada.jpg|thumb|150px|A still from the film ''[[Bhakta Prahlada]]'' (1931)]] |
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==Rise of the talkie: 1931–1947== |
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[[Image:Bhakta Potana.jpg|thumb||150px|A still from ''[[Bhakta Potana]]'' played by [[Chittor V. Nagaiah]], the first multilingual actor of India. He was also known as [[Paul Muni]] of India in the media. He was the first to portray lead actor roles in [[Telugu film]]s before Indian Independence<ref>[http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/04/08/stories/2005040800220400.htm]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://bharatjanani.com/paul-muni-of-india-chittoor-v-nagayya/ |title=Paul Muni of India- Chittoor V.Nagayya |publisher=Bharatjanani.com |date=2011-05-06 |accessdate=2011-09-21}}</ref>]] |
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[[File:Bhakta Prahlada.jpg|thumb|150px|A still from the 1931 film ''[[Bhakta Prahlada]]'' the first south Indian talkie film directed by [[H. M. Reddy]], to have a theatrical release<ref>http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article2442172.ece</ref>]] |
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[[Image:Bhakta Potana.jpg|thumb||150px|A still from the 1942 film ''[[Bhakta Potana]]'' played by [[Chittor V. Nagaiah]], the first multilingual actor of India. He was also known as [[Paul Muni]] of India in the media. He was the first to portray lead actor roles in [[Telugu film]]s before Indian Independence<ref>[http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/04/08/stories/2005040800220400.htm]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://bharatjanani.com/paul-muni-of-india-chittoor-v-nagayya/ |title=Paul Muni of India- Chittoor V.Nagayya |publisher=Bharatjanani.com |date=2011-05-06 |accessdate=2011-09-21}}</ref>]] |
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[[File:Daana Veera Soora Karna.jpg|thumb|150px|[[N. T. Rama Rao]] played three pivotal roles — [[Karna]], [[Duryodhana]], and [[Krishna]] — in the film ''Daana Veera Soora Karna''.]] |
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In 1931, the first Telugu film with audible dialogue, ''[[Bhakta Prahlada (1931 film)|Bhakta Prahlada]]'', was produced by [[H.M. Reddy]].<ref>[http://www.idlebrain.com/research/anal/anal-his2.html Idle Brain<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Popularly known as [[talkies]], films with sound quickly grew in number and popularity. In 1934, the industry saw its first major commercial success with ''[[Lavakusa]]''. Directed by [[C. Pullaiah]] and starring [[Parupalli Subbarao]] and [[Sriranjani (actress)|Sriranjani]] in lead roles, the film attracted unprecedented numbers of viewers to theaters and thrust the young film industry into mainstream culture.<ref name=autogenerated2>{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2007/01/19/stories/2007011901020100.htm | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu | title=Reliving the reel and the real | date=19 January 2007}}</ref> |
In 1931, the first Telugu film with audible dialogue, ''[[Bhakta Prahlada (1931 film)|Bhakta Prahlada]]'', was produced by [[H.M. Reddy]].<ref>[http://www.idlebrain.com/research/anal/anal-his2.html Idle Brain<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Popularly known as [[talkies]], films with sound quickly grew in number and popularity. In 1934, the industry saw its first major commercial success with ''[[Lavakusa]]''. Directed by [[C. Pullaiah]] and starring [[Parupalli Subbarao]] and [[Sriranjani (actress)|Sriranjani]] in lead roles, the film attracted unprecedented numbers of viewers to theaters and thrust the young film industry into mainstream culture.<ref name=autogenerated2>{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2007/01/19/stories/2007011901020100.htm | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu | title=Reliving the reel and the real | date=19 January 2007}}</ref> |
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The outbreak of [[World War II]] and the subsequent resource scarcity caused the [[British Raj]] to impose a limit on the use of filmstrip in 1943 to 11,000 feet,<ref>[http://www.cinegoer.com/telugucinema7.htm CineGoer.com - Articles - History Of Birth And Growth Of Telugu Cinema<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> a sharp reduction from the 20,000 feet that had been common till then.<ref>[http://www.cinegoer.com/telugucinema10.htm CineGoer.com - Articles - History Of Birth And Growth Of Telugu Cinema<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> As a result, the number of films produced during the war was substantially lower than in previous years. Nonetheless, before the ban, an important shift occurred in the industry: independent studios formed, actors and actresses were signed to contracts limiting who they could work for, and films moved from social themes to folklore legends.<ref>[http://www.cinegoer.com/telugucinema6.htm CineGoer.com - Articles - History Of Birth And Growth Of Telugu Cinema<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
The outbreak of [[World War II]] and the subsequent resource scarcity caused the [[British Raj]] to impose a limit on the use of filmstrip in 1943 to 11,000 feet,<ref>[http://www.cinegoer.com/telugucinema7.htm CineGoer.com - Articles - History Of Birth And Growth Of Telugu Cinema<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> a sharp reduction from the 20,000 feet that had been common till then.<ref>[http://www.cinegoer.com/telugucinema10.htm CineGoer.com - Articles - History Of Birth And Growth Of Telugu Cinema<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> As a result, the number of films produced during the war was substantially lower than in previous years. Nonetheless, before the ban, an important shift occurred in the industry: independent studios formed, actors and actresses were signed to contracts limiting who they could work for, and films moved from social themes to folklore legends.<ref>[http://www.cinegoer.com/telugucinema6.htm CineGoer.com - Articles - History Of Birth And Growth Of Telugu Cinema<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
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==Commercial Stance== |
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==Awards== |
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Known for, being one of the commercially consistent film industry's in India<ref>http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/tamil-telugu-film-industries-outshine-bollywood/238821/</ref><ref>http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/chiranjeevi-felicitation.html</ref><ref>http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/B-town-grabs-Dookudu/articleshow/10219876.cms</ref><ref>http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/B-town-grabs-Dookudu/articleshow/10219876.cms</ref> [[Telugu cinema]] have had its own influence over commercial cinema in India, due to which it has become one of the three largest film industries of India in terms of number of films produced yearly. As one of the few revenue generating film industries of India, Telugu film production accounts for one percent of the gross domestic product of [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article2458703.ece</ref> |
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* [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu]] |
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[[Raghupathi Venkaiah Naidu]], considered as the father of Telugu cinema has been one of the influences for [[Indian cinema]]'s market driven film making.<ref>http://southscope.in/telugu/article/why-ap-government-named-award-after-raghupathi-venkaiah</ref> Film makers like [[B.N. Reddy]], [[Kadri Venkata Reddy]], [[D. V. S. Raju]], [[Edida Nageshwara Rao]], [[Kovelamudi Surya Prakash Rao]], [[A. Kodandarami Reddy]], [[Kovelamudi Raghavendra Rao]], [[Dasari Narayana Rao]], Tammareddy Bharadwaja, [[C. Ashwini Dutt]], [[Kodi Ramakrishna]], [[A. M. Ratnam]], [[Krishna (actor)]], [[Chiranjeevi]], [[Mohan babu]], [[Allu Aravind]], [[Murali Mohan]], [[Dil Raju]], [[S. S. Rajamouli]], [[Puri Jagannadh]], [[Pasupuleti Krishna Vamsi]],[[Teja (film director)]], [[Mahesh Babu]] etc are considered as key players for consistent growth of the telugu film industry over the years. |
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[[Pokiri (2006 film)]] has been remade in Hindi, Tamil and Kannada in a span of 2 years owing to the film's commercial success, the film was screened at the [[IIFA]] film festival held in Dubai in 2006.<ref>http://www.iifa.com/web07/showcase/2006-filmfestival.htm</ref> With the strategic increase in production costs, films like [[Pokiri]], [[Bommarillu]], [[Arundhati]], [[Magadheera]] and [[Dookudu]] have been the biggest [[blockbusters]] in the last few years. |
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[[File:Mayabazar.jpg|thumb|right|150px|[[S. V. Ranga Rao]] played [[Ghatotkacha]] in the 1957 film [[Maya Bazaar]]]] |
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==Critical Reception== |
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Known for being one of the largest producers of folklore, fantasy and mythological films in [[Indian cinema]], a considerable contribution has been made in this genre through films like [[Vipranarayana]], [[Palnati Yudham]], [[Narthanasala]], [[Patala Bhairavi]], [[Mayabazar]], [[Bhakta Prahlada (1967 film)]], [[Bhookailas (1958 film)]], [[Tenali Ramakrishna]], [[Gulebakavali Katha]], [[Dakshayagnam (film)]], [[Pandava Vanavasam]], [[Lava Kusa]], [[Daana Veera Soora Karna]], [[Jaganmohini (1978 film)]], [[Ammoru]], [[Arundhati]] etc which have been remade and dubbed in several other Indian languages.<ref>http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/04/21/stories/2006042101660100.htm</ref><ref> http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-10/news-interviews/29525563_1_magadheera-period-film-producers</ref><ref>http://m.timesofindia.com/PDATOI/articleshow/7127966.cms</ref> [[B. Vittalacharya]] is considered as a pioneer in the fantasy genre film making and special effects.<ref>http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-06-22/news-interviews/27764059_1_jaganmohini-namitha-rural-areas</ref> |
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Being a commercially driven industry, films are prioritized primarily based on commercial stand point. [[Art films]] and [[Parallel cinema]] are given less priority, as per local audience's viewership, with only few exceptions. There is a strong market driven tradition of narrating mythology, history, fairy tales, song and dance, action sequences, large than life characterization of lead actors in [[Telugu films]]. <ref>http://www.hindu.com/2011/03/07/stories/2011030758800200.htm</ref> |
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However, Film directors from Andhra pradesh like [[Kamalakara Kameswara Rao]], [[Adurthi Subbarao]], [[Chitrapu Narayana Rao]], [[V. Madhusudhana Rao]], [[K. Viswanath]], [[Bapu]], [[Jandhyala]], [[Singeetam Srinivasa Rao]], [[Ram Gopal Varma]], [[Nagesh Kukunoor]], [[Trivikram Srinivas]], [[K. Vijaya Bhaskar]] etc being occassionally deviant from the commercial aspects of film making. |
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Directors [[Chandra Sekhar Yeleti]], [[Shekhar Kammula]], K.N.T. Sastry garnered recognition and recieved [[Indira Gandhi Award for Best First Film of a Director]]. [[Sankarabharanam]] and [[Pushpak]] directed by [[K. Viswanath]] and [[Singeetam Srinivasa Rao]] respectively, recieved the [[National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment]]. |
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Telugu films like [[Narthanasala]], [[Sapthapadhi]], [[Rudraveena (film)]], Advaitam etc were recognized with, [[National Film Award for Second Best Feature Film]], [[Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration]] and [[National Film Award for Best Educational/Motivational/Instructional Film]] respectively. |
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[[Swathi Muthyam]] was nominated by [[List of Indian submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film|India as its entry]] for the [[Best Foreign Language Film]] for the [[Academy Awards]] in 1983. [[Patala Bhairavi]], [[Missamma]], [[Devdas (1953 Telugu film)]], [[Sangham]], |
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[[Sagara Sangamam]], [[Sankarabharanam]], [[Meghasandesam]], [[Prasthanam]] etc are some of the films screend at Indian Panorama section, of the [[International Film Festival of India]] in Goa. Films directed by [[K. Viswanath]], [[Dasari Narayana Rao]], [[Nagesh Kukunoor]] etc make their occassional foray at international film festivals like [[Asia Pacific Film Festival]], [[Cannes Film Festival]], Moscow Film Festival etc <ref>http://www.coe.gatech.edu/content/nagesh-kukunoor-chemical-engineering-bollywood</ref><ref>http://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/bio-data/bio-anr-megha.html</ref><ref>http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/chiranjeevi-felicitation.html</ref><ref>http://www.bharatwaves.com/portal/modules/piCal/index.php?action=View&event_id=0000005609</ref> |
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[[B. N. Reddy]], [[Paidi Jairaj]], [[L. V. Prasad]], [[B. Nagi Reddy]], [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]], and [[D. Ramanaidu]] garnered recognition through the [[Dadasaheb Phalke Award]]. |
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==Film Production== |
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[[Vauhini Studios]], Rajyam pictures, [[Poornodaya Movie Creations]], [[Suresh Productions]], Usha Kiran Movies, Andhra Talkies, RGV Factory, [[Geeta Arts]], [[Jayabheri Arts]], [[Vaishno Academy]] etc are some of the companies from the state involved in prolific film production and distribution. National and International agencies like [[UTV Motion Pictures]], [[Reliance Entertainment]] and [[Walt Disney Pictures]], have also made their foray into [[Telugu film]] distribution.<ref name="banners">{{cite web|author=|year=2010|title=Disney fantasy film in Telugu, Tamil|publisher=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=2010-04-21|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2010/04/22/stories/2010042251060500.htm}}</ref><ref>http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-economy/article1674075.ece?ref=archive</ref> |
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==Film Actors== |
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{{See also|List of Telugu people}} |
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[[File:Daana Veera Soora Karna.jpg|thumb|right|150px|[[N. T. Rama Rao]] played three pivotal roles — [[Karna]], [[Duryodhana]], and [[Krishna]] — in the 1977 film [[Daana Veera Soora Karna]]]] |
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[[Chittor V. Nagaiah]] was considered to be one among the most influential actors of South Indian cinema.<ref>[http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/04/08/stories/2005040800220400.htm]</ref> [[S. V. Ranga Rao]] is one of the first Indian actors of the time to recieve international award at Indonesian Film Festival, held in Jakarta for the film [[Narthanasala]] in 1963.<ref>Mahabhinishkramana, Viswa Nata Chakravarti, M. Sanjay Kishore, Sangam Akademy, Hyderabad, 2005, pp: 69-70.</ref> [[Rajanala Kaleswara Rao]], [[Dhulipala]], [[Chilakalapudi Seetha Rama Anjaneyulu]], Mikkilineni Radha Krishna Murthy, are some of the finest telugu actors in the folklore, mythological and the fantasy genre. |
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[[L. V. Prasad]], [[N. T. Rama Rao]] , [[A. Nageswara Rao]], [[Kongara Jaggayya]] , [[Gummadi Venkateswara Rao]], [[Relangi Venkata Ramaiah]], [[Basavaraju Venkata Padmanabha Rao]],[[Suryakantham]], [[Rao Gopal Rao]], [[ Kota Srinivasa Rao]], [[Kaikala Satyanarayana]], [[Rallapalli]], [[Nutan Prasad]], [[Tanikella Bharani]], [[Chandra Mohan]], [[Gollapudi Maruthi Rao]], [[Nagabhushanam]], [[Allu Ramalingaiah]], [[J. V. Somayajulu]], [[Narasimharaju]], [[J. D. Chakravarthy]], [[Gadde Rajendra Prasad]], [[Sai Kumar (actor)]], [[Sarath Babu]] etc are some of the known [[method actor]]s from telugu industry. |
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[[Bhanumathi Ramakrishna]] a popular carnatic singer made her film debut with ''[[Vara Vikrayam]]' in 1939, was considered to be one of the finest actresses of her time. She has recieved the [[National Film Award for Best Book on Cinema]] and [[Rashtrapati Award]]. |
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[[S. V. Ranga Rao]], [[Kanta Rao]], [[Savitri]], [[Sobhan Babu]] are some of the finest actors in Telugu cinema to recieve recognition from govt of India, through [[Rashtrapati Award]] before the inception of [[National film award]] in acting from 1968. [[Roja Ramani]], [[Sharada]], [[Vijayashanti]], [[Archana]], [[lakshmi]], [[P. L. Narayana]], [[Tarun Kumar]] etc |
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are some of the telugu actors to recieve [[National Film Award]] for acting. |
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Telugu actresses like [[Anjali Devi]], [[P. Kannamba]], [[Kanchanamala]], [[Krishna Kumari (actress)]], [[Devika Rani]], [[Kanchana (actress)]], [[Sowcar Janaki]], [[Jamuna (actress)]], [[Girija (actress)]], [[Jayachitra]], [[Jayaprada]], [[Jayasudha]], [[Vanisri]], [[Manjula Vijayakumar]], [[Bhanupriya]], [[Madhavi (actress)]], [[Gouthami Tadimalla]], [[Roja (actress)]], [[Rambha (actress)]], [[Tabu (actress)]], [[Sneha (actress)]], [[Sridevi Vijaykumar]], [[Lakshmi Manchu]], [[Aamani]]. [[Laya (actress)]], [[Sonia Deepti]] etc hail originally from Andhra. |
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Indian actresses from other regions like [[B. Saroja Devi]], [[Srividya]], [[Sridevi]], [[Ramya Krishnan]], [[Soundarya]], [[Shobana]], [[Revathi]], [[Vani Viswanath]], [[Khushboo Sundar]], [[Priya Raman]], [[Divya Bharti]], [[Meena Durairaj]], [[Girija Shettar]], [[Sumalatha]], [[Madhoo]], [[Arti Agarwal]], [[Sonali Bendre]], [[Tamanna Bhatia]], [[Kajal Agarwal]], [[Genelia D'Souza]], [[Shweta Prasad]], [[Ileana D'Cruz]], [[Parvati Melton]], [[Bhumika Chawla]], [[Anjala Zaveri]], [[Amrita Rao]], [[Saloni]], [[Kaveri Jha]], [[Sakshi Sivanand]], [[Urmila Matondkar]], [[Preeti Jhangiani]], [[Simran (actress)]], [[Nayantara]], [[Charmy Kaur]], [[Amala (actress)]], [[Anushka Shetty]], [[Poonam Bajwa]], [[Richa Pallod]], Asha Saini, [[Kamalinee Mukherjee]], [[Samantha Ruth Prabhu]], [[Trisha Krishnan]], [[Namrata Shirodkar]], [[Renu Desai]], [[Sanghavi]], [[Anita Hassanandani]], [[Hansika Motwani]] etc are well known for their work in [[Telugu film]]s |
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[[Chiranjeevi]], [[Daggubati Venkatesh]], [[Nandamuri Balakrishna]] and [[Akkineni Nagarjuna]] have been the biggest brands in commercial Telugu Cinema for over twenty five years despite the arrival of the next generation of stars like [[Ravi Teja]], [[Jagapathi Babu]], [[Meka Srikanth]], [[Pawan Kalyan]], [[N. T. Rama Rao Jr.]], [[Ram Charan Teja]], [[Allu Arjun]], [[Prabhas]], [[Manoj Manchu]], [[Vishnu Manchu]], [[Naga Chaitanya]], [[Ram Pothineni]], [[Navdeep]], [[Tarun Kumar]], [[Uday Kiran]], [[Allari Naresh]], [[Nitin Kumar Reddy]], [[Varun Sandesh]] etc. |
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==Film Music== |
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{{See|Music of Andhra Pradesh}} |
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[[Susarla Dakshinamurthi]] and [[Mangalampalli Balamuralikrishna]] are considered to be one of the influential music composers of south India.<ref>http://www.hindu.com/2005/05/03/stories/2005050312101300.htm</ref> Music composers such as [[Pendyala Nageswara Rao]], R. Sudarshanam and R. Goverdhanam duo<ref> |
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http://www.cinegoer.com/bhookailas.htm</ref> |
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[[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao]], [[Madhavapeddi Satyam]], [[P. Adinarayana Rao]], [[Gali Penchala Narasimha Rao]], [[Chellapilla Satyam]], [[P. B. Sreenivas]], [[S. P. Kodandapani]], [[G. K. Venkatesh]], [[S. Hanumantha Rao]], etc were pioneers of Telugu film music and play back singing. |
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[[S. Rajeswara Rao]] and [[T. V. Raju]] were eminent for their contribution to Telugu classical's. The legacy was followed by their sons, Thotakura Somaraju and [[Saluri Koteswara Rao]], popularly known as [[Raj-Koti]] duo were one among the few pioneers after [[Illayaraja]], to inculcate western music genre in south [[Indian cinema]]. Renowned music composer [[A. R. Rahman]] has worked as a key board player for the duo [[Raj-Koti]] and [[Ramesh Naidu]] in the early 90's<ref>http://www.indiansinparis.com/blog/roots/420-arrahman</ref> |
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[[Ghantasala]], [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[P. Susheela]], [[S. Janaki]], [[M. M. Keeravani]], etc are some of the known music artists from [[Andhra Pradesh]] to recieve National recognition. Other prominent Telugu [[film score]] and [[Film soundtrack|soundtrack]] composers of the present include [[Chakravarthi]], [[Mani Sharma]], [[Devi Sri Prasad]], [[Mickey J Meyer]], [[Ramana Gogula]], [[R. P. Patnaik]], [[Chakri (music director)]], [[Kalyani Malik]], [[S. V. Krishna Reddy]], [[Vandemataram Srinivas]] and [[Sri Kommineni]]. |
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Eminent music composers from other regions, like [[K. V. Mahadevan]] and [[Illayaraja]], garnered National recognition for their work in [[Telugu film]]s directed by [[K. Viswanath]]. |
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==Film editing and Visual effects== |
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Film editor, [[A. Sreekar Prasad]] has been well known at [[Indian Cinema]]'s film editing department. Being one of the finest Indian film editors, sreekar prasad has recieved a record 8 [[National Film Award]]s in this category.<ref>http://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/metroplus/article1550237.ece</ref> Other noted Telugu film editors include, [[Marthand K. Venkatesh]] and [[kotagiri Venkateswara Rao]]. |
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[[V. Srinivas Mohan]] is considered, one of the pioneers of visual effects industry in [[Indian Cinema]]. He has been working in [[Telugu]], [[Hindi]], and [[Tamil]]. His most recent works include in films like [[Enthiran]] and [[Anaganaga O Dheerudu]]. [[Chakri Toleti]], a graduate in VFX design from U.S., is another visual effects professional from Andhra Pradesh.<ref>http://www.hindu.com/mp/2009/09/21/stories/2009092150730400.htm</ref> |
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==Linguistics in Film== |
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[[Telugu]] language, known with the sobriquet Italian of the east, being the second most spoken language in [[India]],<ref name="Morris2005">{{cite book|author=Henry Morris|title=A descriptive and historical account of the Godavery District in the Presideny of Madras|url=http://books.google.co.in/books?id=P0AOJBShvRAC&pg=PA86&dq=henry+morris+telugu+italian+of+the+east&hl=en&ei=VOo8Tua0N8jmrAem_LEU&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=book-thumbnail&resnum=2&ved=0CDYQ6wEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=6 August 2011|year=2005|publisher=Asian Educational Services|isbn=978-81-206-1973-9|pages=86–}}</ref> |
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[[linguistics]] had a major role to play in [[Telugu films]] till date. |
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Telugu film dialogue writers, lyrcists and poets like [[Srirangam Srinivasarao]], [[Dasaradhi]], [[C. Narayanareddy]], [[Devulapalli Krishnasastri]] were recognized with [[Sahitya Akademi]] award. lyricists like [[Sri Sri]], [[Veturi Sundararama Murthy]] and [[Suddala Ashok Teja]] were recognized with [[National Film Award for Best Lyrics]] |
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[[Pingali Nagendra Rao]], [[Samudrala Raghavacharya]], [[Aathreya]], [[Aarudhra]], [[Jandhyala]], Vennelakanti, [[Sirivennela Sitaramasastri]], [[Chandrabose (lyricist)]], [[Abburi Ravi]], [[Kona Venkat]], [[Bhuvanachandra]], [[Trivikram Srinivas]] etc are known for their contribution to Telugu language in cinema and were recognized with [[Nandi Award]]. |
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==Dubbed films and actors from other Regions== |
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[[Tamil Cinema|Tamil films]] are regularly dubbed into Telugu and have a decent market in [[Andhra Pradesh]]. There have been instances of dubbed films from Tamil overtaking profits of Telugu films in the state which made the Andhra government increase the entertainment tax for dubbed films.<ref>{{cite web|author=July 12, 2011 DC Hyderabad |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/cities/hyderabad/dubbed-movies-get-more-screens-242 |title=Dubbed movies get more screens |publisher=Deccan Chronicle |date=2011-07-12 |accessdate=2011-09-21}}</ref> In 2005, the Telugu box office was entirely dominated by dubs from Tamil.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/12/29/stories/2006122901630100.htm | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu | title=A few hits and many flops | date=29 December 2006}}</ref> The dubbed version of ''[[Enthiran]]'' (''Robot'') grossed {{INR}}60 crore in Andhra Pradesh, becoming the second highest grossing film in the state.<ref>{{cite web|author=Published Date : 30-Dec-2010 06:28:27 GMT |url=http://www.greatandhra.com/viewnews.php?id=25905&cat=1&scat=4 |title=Tollywood Commercial Hits 2010 |publisher=Greatandhra.com |date=2010-12-30 |accessdate=2011-09-21}}</ref> |
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Indian actors from other film industries like [[Rajinikanth]], [[Kamal Haasan]], [[Amrish Puri]], [[Mammootty]], [[Tiger Prabhakar]], [[Arjun Sarja]], [[Prakash Raj]], [[Raghuvaran]], [[Tinnu Anand]], [[Prabhu Deva]], [[Nassar]], [[Paresh Rawal]], [[Sayaji Shinde]], [[Mukesh Rishi]], [[Rajan P. Dev]], [[Ashish Vidyarthi]], [[Raghava Lawrence]], [[Rahul Dev]], [[Sonu Sood]], [[Siddharth Narayan]] are well known for their potrayal and work in [[Telugu films]]. |
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Tamil actors like [[Sivaji Ganesan]], [[Karthik (actor)]], [[Prabhu (actor)]], [[R. Madhavan]], [[Abbas (actor)]], [[Vineeth]], [[Arvind Swamy]], [[Srikanth (actor)]], [[Vikram (actor)|Vikram]], [[Suriya (actor)|Suriya]], [[Karthi]] etc are quite popular in Tollywood as many of their films have been dubbed into Telugu.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/tamil-films-dominate-andhra-market-news-tamil-lhnlKUabgib.html |title=Tamil films dominate Andhra market |publisher=Sify.com |date= |accessdate=2011-09-21}}</ref> |
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==[[Nandi Awards]]== |
==[[Nandi Awards]]== |
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Life time achievement Award for contribution to [[Telugu cinema]]: |
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*[[Raghupathi Venkaiah Award]] |
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Life time achievement Awards for contribution to [[Indian cinema]]: |
Life time achievement Awards for contribution to [[Indian cinema]]: |
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*[[NTR National Award]] |
*[[NTR National Award]] |
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*B. N. Reddy National Award |
*B. N. Reddy National Award |
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*Nagi Reddy Chakrapani National Award |
*Nagi Reddy Chakrapani National Award |
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Life time achievement Award for contribution to [[Telugu cinema]]: |
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*[[Raghupathi Venkaiah Award]] |
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==Other Awards== |
==Other Awards== |
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* [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu]] |
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* [[Filmfare Awards South]] |
* [[Filmfare Awards South]] |
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* [[CineMAA Awards]] |
* [[CineMAA Awards]] |
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* Sangam Academy Award |
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* [[Allu Rama Lingaiah]] Award |
* [[Allu Rama Lingaiah]] Award |
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* [[Gollapudi Srinivas Award]] |
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* [[FNCC Awards]] |
* [[FNCC Awards]] |
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* [[Santosham Film Awards]] |
* [[Santosham Film Awards]] |
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Revision as of 10:13, 9 October 2011
 | |
| Industry | Motion pictures |
|---|---|
| Founded | 1921 - Madras Presidency |
| Headquarters | , |
| Website | www |
| South Asian cinema |
|---|
The Cinema of Andhra Pradesh, also referred to as Telugu Cinema or Tollywood, is the Telugu film industry in India. The Telugu language film industry is known for being one of the three largest in terms of no.of films produced yearly in India.[1][2] The Prasads IMAX theatre in Hyderabad is one of the biggest IMAX 3D screens in the world.[3] The industry holds the Guinness Record for the largest film production facility in the world.[4] Brahmanandam, a Telugu actor, holds Guinness record for acting in the most number of films in the same language.[5][6]
Industry
The Telugu film industry has completely shifted its base from Chennai to Hyderabad in the early 1990's during N. T. Rama Rao's political realm.[7] Veteran actor Akkineni Nageswara Rao was the first person to come to Hyderabad and build a studio, which he named Annapurna Studios. The Telugu film industry is one of the three largest film producers in India. About 245 Telugu films were produced in 2006.[8] To date, more than 11,567 films have been made. More than 50 Telugu films so far have been remade or dubbed into other Indian languages (see List of films remade or dubbed from the Telugu language).
Box office
The Telugu film industry accounts for 1% of the gross domestic product of Andhra Pradesh.[9] There is a fair amount of dispersion among the Indian film industries. Many successful Telugu films have been remade by the Hindi and Tamil film industries. The industry also remakes a few Hindi, Tamil, and Malayalam movies. Many Tamil films are dubbed into Telugu on release.[10]
Distribution
Telugu film distribution is divided into 12 areas:
| Area | Cities |
|---|---|
| Nizam | Hyderabad |
| Rangareddy | |
| Medak | |
| Nalgonda | |
| Nizamabad (Induru) | |
| Warangal (aka Orugallu or Ekasila Nagaram) | |
| Adilabad | |
| Khammam | |
| Mahabubnagar (Palamuru) | |
| Karimnagar | |
| Raichur (Karnataka) | |
| Rayalaseema | Kurnool |
| Kadapa | |
| Anantapur | |
| Chittoor | |
| Tirupathi | |
| Bellary (Karnataka) | |
| Guntur | Guntur |
| Prakasam | |
| Krishna | |
| Nellore | |
| East Godavari | |
| West Godavari | |
| Vizag | Visakhapatnam |
| Vizianagaram | |
| Srikakulam | |
| Tamil Nadu | |
| Karnataka | |
| Orissa | |
| Overseas |
History
Early development: 1912–1930
The Telugu film industry originated with silent film in 1912, with the production of Bhisma Pratighna. The film was directed by Raghupathi Venkaiah Naidu and his son R. S. Prakash.[11] The two, along with Yaragudipati Varada Rao, would go on to produce and direct dozens of films throughout the decade, casting theater actors in major roles.[12] They established a long-lasting precedent of focusing exclusively on religious themes; Nandanar,[13] Gajendra Moksham, and Matsyavatar, three of their most famous productions, centered on religious figures, parables, and morals.[14]
Rise of the talkie: 1931–1947
In 1931, the first Telugu film with audible dialogue, Bhakta Prahlada, was produced by H.M. Reddy.[18] Popularly known as talkies, films with sound quickly grew in number and popularity. In 1934, the industry saw its first major commercial success with Lavakusa. Directed by C. Pullaiah and starring Parupalli Subbarao and Sriranjani in lead roles, the film attracted unprecedented numbers of viewers to theaters and thrust the young film industry into mainstream culture.[19]
By 1936, the mass appeal of film allowed directors to move away from religious and mythological themes.[19] That year, under the direction of Krithiventi Nageswara Rao, Prema Vijayam, a film focusing on social issues, was released. Its success prompted the production of dozens of other immensely successful 'social films', notably 1939's Vandemataram and Maala Pilla. Touching on societal problems like the status of Untouchables and the practice of giving dowry, Telugu films increasingly focused on contemporary living: 29 of the 96 films released between 1937 and 1947 had social themes.[20]
The outbreak of World War II and the subsequent resource scarcity caused the British Raj to impose a limit on the use of filmstrip in 1943 to 11,000 feet,[21] a sharp reduction from the 20,000 feet that had been common till then.[22] As a result, the number of films produced during the war was substantially lower than in previous years. Nonetheless, before the ban, an important shift occurred in the industry: independent studios formed, actors and actresses were signed to contracts limiting who they could work for, and films moved from social themes to folklore legends.[23]
Commercial Stance
Known for, being one of the commercially consistent film industry's in India[24][25][26][27] Telugu cinema have had its own influence over commercial cinema in India, due to which it has become one of the three largest film industries of India in terms of number of films produced yearly. As one of the few revenue generating film industries of India, Telugu film production accounts for one percent of the gross domestic product of Andhra Pradesh.[28]
Raghupathi Venkaiah Naidu, considered as the father of Telugu cinema has been one of the influences for Indian cinema's market driven film making.[29] Film makers like B.N. Reddy, Kadri Venkata Reddy, D. V. S. Raju, Edida Nageshwara Rao, Kovelamudi Surya Prakash Rao, A. Kodandarami Reddy, Kovelamudi Raghavendra Rao, Dasari Narayana Rao, Tammareddy Bharadwaja, C. Ashwini Dutt, Kodi Ramakrishna, A. M. Ratnam, Krishna (actor), Chiranjeevi, Mohan babu, Allu Aravind, Murali Mohan, Dil Raju, S. S. Rajamouli, Puri Jagannadh, Pasupuleti Krishna Vamsi,Teja (film director), Mahesh Babu etc are considered as key players for consistent growth of the telugu film industry over the years.
Pokiri (2006 film) has been remade in Hindi, Tamil and Kannada in a span of 2 years owing to the film's commercial success, the film was screened at the IIFA film festival held in Dubai in 2006.[30] With the strategic increase in production costs, films like Pokiri, Bommarillu, Arundhati, Magadheera and Dookudu have been the biggest blockbusters in the last few years.
Critical Reception
Known for being one of the largest producers of folklore, fantasy and mythological films in Indian cinema, a considerable contribution has been made in this genre through films like Vipranarayana, Palnati Yudham, Narthanasala, Patala Bhairavi, Mayabazar, Bhakta Prahlada (1967 film), Bhookailas (1958 film), Tenali Ramakrishna, Gulebakavali Katha, Dakshayagnam (film), Pandava Vanavasam, Lava Kusa, Daana Veera Soora Karna, Jaganmohini (1978 film), Ammoru, Arundhati etc which have been remade and dubbed in several other Indian languages.[31][32][33] B. Vittalacharya is considered as a pioneer in the fantasy genre film making and special effects.[34]
Being a commercially driven industry, films are prioritized primarily based on commercial stand point. Art films and Parallel cinema are given less priority, as per local audience's viewership, with only few exceptions. There is a strong market driven tradition of narrating mythology, history, fairy tales, song and dance, action sequences, large than life characterization of lead actors in Telugu films. [35]
However, Film directors from Andhra pradesh like Kamalakara Kameswara Rao, Adurthi Subbarao, Chitrapu Narayana Rao, V. Madhusudhana Rao, K. Viswanath, Bapu, Jandhyala, Singeetam Srinivasa Rao, Ram Gopal Varma, Nagesh Kukunoor, Trivikram Srinivas, K. Vijaya Bhaskar etc being occassionally deviant from the commercial aspects of film making. Directors Chandra Sekhar Yeleti, Shekhar Kammula, K.N.T. Sastry garnered recognition and recieved Indira Gandhi Award for Best First Film of a Director. Sankarabharanam and Pushpak directed by K. Viswanath and Singeetam Srinivasa Rao respectively, recieved the National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment.
Telugu films like Narthanasala, Sapthapadhi, Rudraveena (film), Advaitam etc were recognized with, National Film Award for Second Best Feature Film, Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration and National Film Award for Best Educational/Motivational/Instructional Film respectively.
Swathi Muthyam was nominated by India as its entry for the Best Foreign Language Film for the Academy Awards in 1983. Patala Bhairavi, Missamma, Devdas (1953 Telugu film), Sangham, Sagara Sangamam, Sankarabharanam, Meghasandesam, Prasthanam etc are some of the films screend at Indian Panorama section, of the International Film Festival of India in Goa. Films directed by K. Viswanath, Dasari Narayana Rao, Nagesh Kukunoor etc make their occassional foray at international film festivals like Asia Pacific Film Festival, Cannes Film Festival, Moscow Film Festival etc [36][37][38][39] B. N. Reddy, Paidi Jairaj, L. V. Prasad, B. Nagi Reddy, Akkineni Nageswara Rao, and D. Ramanaidu garnered recognition through the Dadasaheb Phalke Award.
Film Production
Vauhini Studios, Rajyam pictures, Poornodaya Movie Creations, Suresh Productions, Usha Kiran Movies, Andhra Talkies, RGV Factory, Geeta Arts, Jayabheri Arts, Vaishno Academy etc are some of the companies from the state involved in prolific film production and distribution. National and International agencies like UTV Motion Pictures, Reliance Entertainment and Walt Disney Pictures, have also made their foray into Telugu film distribution.[40][41]
Film Actors
Chittor V. Nagaiah was considered to be one among the most influential actors of South Indian cinema.[42] S. V. Ranga Rao is one of the first Indian actors of the time to recieve international award at Indonesian Film Festival, held in Jakarta for the film Narthanasala in 1963.[43] Rajanala Kaleswara Rao, Dhulipala, Chilakalapudi Seetha Rama Anjaneyulu, Mikkilineni Radha Krishna Murthy, are some of the finest telugu actors in the folklore, mythological and the fantasy genre.
L. V. Prasad, N. T. Rama Rao , A. Nageswara Rao, Kongara Jaggayya , Gummadi Venkateswara Rao, Relangi Venkata Ramaiah, Basavaraju Venkata Padmanabha Rao,Suryakantham, Rao Gopal Rao, Kota Srinivasa Rao, Kaikala Satyanarayana, Rallapalli, Nutan Prasad, Tanikella Bharani, Chandra Mohan, Gollapudi Maruthi Rao, Nagabhushanam, Allu Ramalingaiah, J. V. Somayajulu, Narasimharaju, J. D. Chakravarthy, Gadde Rajendra Prasad, Sai Kumar (actor), Sarath Babu etc are some of the known method actors from telugu industry.
Bhanumathi Ramakrishna a popular carnatic singer made her film debut with Vara Vikrayam' in 1939, was considered to be one of the finest actresses of her time. She has recieved the National Film Award for Best Book on Cinema and Rashtrapati Award. S. V. Ranga Rao, Kanta Rao, Savitri, Sobhan Babu are some of the finest actors in Telugu cinema to recieve recognition from govt of India, through Rashtrapati Award before the inception of National film award in acting from 1968. Roja Ramani, Sharada, Vijayashanti, Archana, lakshmi, P. L. Narayana, Tarun Kumar etc are some of the telugu actors to recieve National Film Award for acting.
Telugu actresses like Anjali Devi, P. Kannamba, Kanchanamala, Krishna Kumari (actress), Devika Rani, Kanchana (actress), Sowcar Janaki, Jamuna (actress), Girija (actress), Jayachitra, Jayaprada, Jayasudha, Vanisri, Manjula Vijayakumar, Bhanupriya, Madhavi (actress), Gouthami Tadimalla, Roja (actress), Rambha (actress), Tabu (actress), Sneha (actress), Sridevi Vijaykumar, Lakshmi Manchu, Aamani. Laya (actress), Sonia Deepti etc hail originally from Andhra.
Indian actresses from other regions like B. Saroja Devi, Srividya, Sridevi, Ramya Krishnan, Soundarya, Shobana, Revathi, Vani Viswanath, Khushboo Sundar, Priya Raman, Divya Bharti, Meena Durairaj, Girija Shettar, Sumalatha, Madhoo, Arti Agarwal, Sonali Bendre, Tamanna Bhatia, Kajal Agarwal, Genelia D'Souza, Shweta Prasad, Ileana D'Cruz, Parvati Melton, Bhumika Chawla, Anjala Zaveri, Amrita Rao, Saloni, Kaveri Jha, Sakshi Sivanand, Urmila Matondkar, Preeti Jhangiani, Simran (actress), Nayantara, Charmy Kaur, Amala (actress), Anushka Shetty, Poonam Bajwa, Richa Pallod, Asha Saini, Kamalinee Mukherjee, Samantha Ruth Prabhu, Trisha Krishnan, Namrata Shirodkar, Renu Desai, Sanghavi, Anita Hassanandani, Hansika Motwani etc are well known for their work in Telugu films
Chiranjeevi, Daggubati Venkatesh, Nandamuri Balakrishna and Akkineni Nagarjuna have been the biggest brands in commercial Telugu Cinema for over twenty five years despite the arrival of the next generation of stars like Ravi Teja, Jagapathi Babu, Meka Srikanth, Pawan Kalyan, N. T. Rama Rao Jr., Ram Charan Teja, Allu Arjun, Prabhas, Manoj Manchu, Vishnu Manchu, Naga Chaitanya, Ram Pothineni, Navdeep, Tarun Kumar, Uday Kiran, Allari Naresh, Nitin Kumar Reddy, Varun Sandesh etc.
Film Music
Susarla Dakshinamurthi and Mangalampalli Balamuralikrishna are considered to be one of the influential music composers of south India.[44] Music composers such as Pendyala Nageswara Rao, R. Sudarshanam and R. Goverdhanam duo[45] Pithapuram Nageswara Rao, Madhavapeddi Satyam, P. Adinarayana Rao, Gali Penchala Narasimha Rao, Chellapilla Satyam, P. B. Sreenivas, S. P. Kodandapani, G. K. Venkatesh, S. Hanumantha Rao, etc were pioneers of Telugu film music and play back singing.
S. Rajeswara Rao and T. V. Raju were eminent for their contribution to Telugu classical's. The legacy was followed by their sons, Thotakura Somaraju and Saluri Koteswara Rao, popularly known as Raj-Koti duo were one among the few pioneers after Illayaraja, to inculcate western music genre in south Indian cinema. Renowned music composer A. R. Rahman has worked as a key board player for the duo Raj-Koti and Ramesh Naidu in the early 90's[46]
Ghantasala, S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, P. Susheela, S. Janaki, M. M. Keeravani, etc are some of the known music artists from Andhra Pradesh to recieve National recognition. Other prominent Telugu film score and soundtrack composers of the present include Chakravarthi, Mani Sharma, Devi Sri Prasad, Mickey J Meyer, Ramana Gogula, R. P. Patnaik, Chakri (music director), Kalyani Malik, S. V. Krishna Reddy, Vandemataram Srinivas and Sri Kommineni.
Eminent music composers from other regions, like K. V. Mahadevan and Illayaraja, garnered National recognition for their work in Telugu films directed by K. Viswanath.
Film editing and Visual effects
Film editor, A. Sreekar Prasad has been well known at Indian Cinema's film editing department. Being one of the finest Indian film editors, sreekar prasad has recieved a record 8 National Film Awards in this category.[47] Other noted Telugu film editors include, Marthand K. Venkatesh and kotagiri Venkateswara Rao.
V. Srinivas Mohan is considered, one of the pioneers of visual effects industry in Indian Cinema. He has been working in Telugu, Hindi, and Tamil. His most recent works include in films like Enthiran and Anaganaga O Dheerudu. Chakri Toleti, a graduate in VFX design from U.S., is another visual effects professional from Andhra Pradesh.[48]
Linguistics in Film
Telugu language, known with the sobriquet Italian of the east, being the second most spoken language in India,[49] linguistics had a major role to play in Telugu films till date.
Telugu film dialogue writers, lyrcists and poets like Srirangam Srinivasarao, Dasaradhi, C. Narayanareddy, Devulapalli Krishnasastri were recognized with Sahitya Akademi award. lyricists like Sri Sri, Veturi Sundararama Murthy and Suddala Ashok Teja were recognized with National Film Award for Best Lyrics
Pingali Nagendra Rao, Samudrala Raghavacharya, Aathreya, Aarudhra, Jandhyala, Vennelakanti, Sirivennela Sitaramasastri, Chandrabose (lyricist), Abburi Ravi, Kona Venkat, Bhuvanachandra, Trivikram Srinivas etc are known for their contribution to Telugu language in cinema and were recognized with Nandi Award.
Dubbed films and actors from other Regions
Tamil films are regularly dubbed into Telugu and have a decent market in Andhra Pradesh. There have been instances of dubbed films from Tamil overtaking profits of Telugu films in the state which made the Andhra government increase the entertainment tax for dubbed films.[50] In 2005, the Telugu box office was entirely dominated by dubs from Tamil.[51] The dubbed version of Enthiran (Robot) grossed ₹60 crore in Andhra Pradesh, becoming the second highest grossing film in the state.[52]
Indian actors from other film industries like Rajinikanth, Kamal Haasan, Amrish Puri, Mammootty, Tiger Prabhakar, Arjun Sarja, Prakash Raj, Raghuvaran, Tinnu Anand, Prabhu Deva, Nassar, Paresh Rawal, Sayaji Shinde, Mukesh Rishi, Rajan P. Dev, Ashish Vidyarthi, Raghava Lawrence, Rahul Dev, Sonu Sood, Siddharth Narayan are well known for their potrayal and work in Telugu films.
Tamil actors like Sivaji Ganesan, Karthik (actor), Prabhu (actor), R. Madhavan, Abbas (actor), Vineeth, Arvind Swamy, Srikanth (actor), Vikram, Suriya, Karthi etc are quite popular in Tollywood as many of their films have been dubbed into Telugu.[53]
Life time achievement Award for contribution to Telugu cinema:
Life time achievement Awards for contribution to Indian cinema:
- NTR National Award
- B. N. Reddy National Award
- Nagi Reddy Chakrapani National Award
Other Awards
- National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu
- Filmfare Awards South
- CineMAA Awards
- Sangam Academy Award
- Allu Rama Lingaiah Award
- Gollapudi Srinivas Award
- FNCC Awards
- Santosham Film Awards
- T. Subbarami Reddy Award [54]
Guinness World Records
- Brahmanandam for acting in the most films in the same language.[6]
- Ramoji Film City for largest film production facility in the world.[4]
Studios in Hyderabad
- Ramoji Film City
- Ramanaidu Studios
- Annapurna Studios
- Saradhi Studios
- Ramakrishna Studios
- Padmalaya Studios
See also
References
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