Rogan josh: Difference between revisions
PWilkinson (talk | contribs) m →Ingredients and cultural geography: Link disambiguation |
→Adaptations: There's been flak flying on the talk page, parts being inserted/deleted, people shouting about whether toms should be mentioned. Well, they don't appear trad, but they were certainly in any RJ I've had. Is this a suitable compromise? |
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==Adaptations== |
==Adaptations== |
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While the traditional preparation uses whole dried chilies that are de-seeded, soaked in water, and ground to a paste, non-traditional short cuts use either Kashmiri chili powder (available in Indian stores) or a mixture of paprika (predominantly) and cayenne pepper, adjusted to taste. (Madhur Jaffrey's recipe<ref>[http://www.recipesource.com/ethnic/asia/indian/03/rec0324.html Recipe Source: Rogan Josh - Madhur Jaffrey]</ref> calls for a 4:1 ratio of paprika to cayenne). An updated version served in [[Sanjeev Kapoor]]'s restaurants uses white and black cardamom, anise, and bay leaves.<ref name="Kapoor2011">{{cite book|last=Kapoor|first=Sanjeev|title=How to Cook Indian: More Than 500 Classic Recipes for the Modern Kitchen|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=8BXRu6xv-eYC&pg=PA39-IA1|accessdate=8 August 2013|year=2011|publisher=Stewart, Tabori & Chang|isbn=9781613121351|page=39}}</ref> |
While the traditional preparation uses whole dried chilies that are de-seeded, soaked in water, and ground to a paste, non-traditional short cuts use either Kashmiri chili powder (available in Indian stores) or a mixture of paprika (predominantly) and cayenne pepper, adjusted to taste. (Madhur Jaffrey's recipe<ref>[http://www.recipesource.com/ethnic/asia/indian/03/rec0324.html Recipe Source: Rogan Josh - Madhur Jaffrey]</ref> calls for a 4:1 ratio of paprika to cayenne). An updated version served in [[Sanjeev Kapoor]]'s restaurants uses white and black cardamom, anise, and bay leaves.<ref name="Kapoor2011">{{cite book|last=Kapoor|first=Sanjeev|title=How to Cook Indian: More Than 500 Classic Recipes for the Modern Kitchen|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=8BXRu6xv-eYC&pg=PA39-IA1|accessdate=8 August 2013|year=2011|publisher=Stewart, Tabori & Chang|isbn=9781613121351|page=39}}</ref> |
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Although not a universal mutation, many western interpretations of the dish add tomatoes to the sauce, thinning it slightly, enriching the flavour and deepening the red colour. This is especially common with readymade pour-over cooking sauces, such as those of the [[Patak's]] corporation - to the point where the dish is sometimes considered tomato-''based'' and can cause controversy as a result - and may have a similar origin to the [[Tikka Masala]]. Alternatively, it may ultimately be based on the Kashmiri practice of always cooking meat and tomatoes together whenever both are available, a mixture which may then have been used with the other ingredients to create a "Tomatomeat" Rogan Josh whose identity was then simplified in transit, or simply a case of corner cutting, using relatively cheaper ingredients such as processed tomatoes, which wouldn't be as easily noticed in a hot, red sauce, to bulk out an otherwise more expensive dish of lamb, spices and aromatic chilis. |
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In India, rogan josh is often made with [[goat]] instead of Mutton, since genuine lamb is less widely available than goat meat. There is a variety with beef as well, [[brisket]] being preferred.<ref name="Owen1994">{{cite book|last=Owen|first=Sri|title=The Rice Book: The Definitive Book on Rice, with Hundreds of Exotic Recipes from Around the World|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=KqUFc4p2OA4C&pg=PA275|accessdate=8 August 2013|year=1994|publisher=St. Martin's Press|isbn=9780312303396|page=275}}</ref> |
In India, rogan josh is often made with [[goat]] instead of Mutton, since genuine lamb is less widely available than goat meat. There is a variety with beef as well, [[brisket]] being preferred.<ref name="Owen1994">{{cite book|last=Owen|first=Sri|title=The Rice Book: The Definitive Book on Rice, with Hundreds of Exotic Recipes from Around the World|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=KqUFc4p2OA4C&pg=PA275|accessdate=8 August 2013|year=1994|publisher=St. Martin's Press|isbn=9780312303396|page=275}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 19:52, 6 August 2014
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (August 2013) |
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| Type | Curry |
|---|---|
| Place of origin | Indian Subcontinent |
| Region or state | Jammu & Kashmir |
| Main ingredients | Lamb, alkanet root |
Rogan josh (or roghan josh) pronounced /rouɣændʒuːʃ/ in Persian, is an aromatic lamb dish of Persian origin, which is one of the signature recipes of Kashmiri cuisine. Roughan (روغن) means "clarified butter"[1] or "fat" in Persian, while juš (جوش) (alternatively romanised josh), gives the figurative meaning of "intensity" or "passion"[2] and ultimately derives from the verb jušidan (جوشيدن) meaning "to heat or boil". Rogan josh thus means cooked in oil at intense heat. Another interpretation of the name rogan josh is derived from the word rogan meaning "red color" (the same Indo-European root that is the source of the French "rouge" and the Spanish "rojo") and josh meaning passion or heat.
Rogan josh was brought to Kashmir by the Mughals, whose cuisine was in turn influenced by Persian cuisine. The unrelenting summer heat of the Indian plains took the Mughals frequently to Kashmir, which has a cooler climate because of its altitude.[1]
Ingredients and cultural geography
Rogan josh (or roghan josh) is a staple of Kashmiri cuisine: originally it was brought to Kashmir by the Mughals. It is one of the main dishes of the Kashmiri multi-course meal (the "Wazwan"). It consists of braised Lamb chunks cooked with a gravy based on browned onions or shallots, yogurt, garlic, ginger and aromatic spices (cloves, bay leaves, cardamom and cinnamon). Its characteristic brilliant red color traditionally comes from liberal amounts of dried Kashmiri chilies that have been de-seeded to reduce their heat: these chilies (whose flavor approximates that of paprika) are considerably milder than the typical dried cayenne chilies of Indian cuisine. The recipe's spiciness is one of fragrance rather than heat, and the traditional dish is mild enough to be appreciated by Western palates that may not have been conditioned to tolerate the heat of chilies. In addition, dried flowers or root of Alkanna tinctoria are used in some variants of the recipe to impart a crimson color. Saffron is also part of some traditional recipes.
There are significant differences in preparation between the Hindu and Muslim traditions in Kashmir: Muslims use praan, a local shallot tasting of garlic, and leaves of maval, the Cockscomb flower, for coloring (and to tone down some of the spiciness); Hindus use none of those(Kashmiri Brahmin avoid onion and garlic[1]), but add yogurt for "a cooling effect".[2]
While the dish is from Jammu & Kashmir, it is a staple in British curry houses, whose menu is partly Bangladeshi cuisine, and is an example of dishes from the Subcontinent that got "co-opted" once they left the area (dosa as prepared in Glasgow is cited as a prime example).[3]
Adaptations
While the traditional preparation uses whole dried chilies that are de-seeded, soaked in water, and ground to a paste, non-traditional short cuts use either Kashmiri chili powder (available in Indian stores) or a mixture of paprika (predominantly) and cayenne pepper, adjusted to taste. (Madhur Jaffrey's recipe[4] calls for a 4:1 ratio of paprika to cayenne). An updated version served in Sanjeev Kapoor's restaurants uses white and black cardamom, anise, and bay leaves.[5]
Although not a universal mutation, many western interpretations of the dish add tomatoes to the sauce, thinning it slightly, enriching the flavour and deepening the red colour. This is especially common with readymade pour-over cooking sauces, such as those of the Patak's corporation - to the point where the dish is sometimes considered tomato-based and can cause controversy as a result - and may have a similar origin to the Tikka Masala. Alternatively, it may ultimately be based on the Kashmiri practice of always cooking meat and tomatoes together whenever both are available, a mixture which may then have been used with the other ingredients to create a "Tomatomeat" Rogan Josh whose identity was then simplified in transit, or simply a case of corner cutting, using relatively cheaper ingredients such as processed tomatoes, which wouldn't be as easily noticed in a hot, red sauce, to bulk out an otherwise more expensive dish of lamb, spices and aromatic chilis.
In India, rogan josh is often made with goat instead of Mutton, since genuine lamb is less widely available than goat meat. There is a variety with beef as well, brisket being preferred.[6]
See also
References
- ^ a b c Collingham, Lizzie (2006-02-06). Curry: A Tale of Cooks and Conquerors. Oxford UP. p. 34. ISBN 9780199883813. Retrieved 8 August 2013.
- ^ a b Panjabi, Camellia (1995). The Great Curries of India. Simon & Schuster. p. 54. ISBN 9780684803838. Retrieved 8 August 2013.
- ^ Monroe, Jo (2005). Star of India: The Spicy Adventures of Curry. John Wiley & Sons. p. 131. ISBN 9780470091883. Retrieved 8 August 2013.
- ^ Recipe Source: Rogan Josh - Madhur Jaffrey
- ^ Kapoor, Sanjeev (2011). How to Cook Indian: More Than 500 Classic Recipes for the Modern Kitchen. Stewart, Tabori & Chang. p. 39. ISBN 9781613121351. Retrieved 8 August 2013.
- ^ Owen, Sri (1994). The Rice Book: The Definitive Book on Rice, with Hundreds of Exotic Recipes from Around the World. St. Martin's Press. p. 275. ISBN 9780312303396. Retrieved 8 August 2013.
