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List of Padma Vibhushan award recipients: Difference between revisions

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! scope="col" style="width:9em"| Field
! scope="col" style="width:9em"| Field
! scope="col" style="width:8em"| State / Country<ref name="PadmaAwards" />
! scope="col" style="width:8em"| State / Country<ref name="PadmaAwards" />
! scope="col" | Notes
|- id="1954"
|- id="1954"
|1954
|1954
Line 128: Line 127:
|Science & Engineering
|Science & Engineering
|West Bengal
|West Bengal
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Mathematician and physicist, best known for his work on [[quantum mechanics]] in the early 1920s, providing the foundation for [[Bose–Einstein statistics]] and the theory of the [[Bose–Einstein condensate]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lorentz.leidenuniv.nl/history/Einstein_archive/|title=Einstein papers at the Instituut-Lorentz|access-date=18 October 2015|publisher=Leiden University|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170411054256/https://www.lorentz.leidenuniv.nl/history/Einstein_archive/|archive-date=11 April 2017}}
* {{cite web|url=http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Bose.html|title=Bose, Satyendranath (1894–1974) from Eric Weisstein's World of Scientific Biography|access-date=18 October 2015|publisher=scienceworld.wolfram.com|author=Barran, Michel}}</ref>
|-
|-
|1954
|1954
Line 137: Line 133:
|Arts
|Arts
|West Bengal
|West Bengal
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
One of the pioneers of modern [[Indian art]] and worked on illustrations on the [[Constitution of India]].
|-
|-
|1954
|1954
Line 145: Line 139:
|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Andhra Pradesh
|Andhra Pradesh
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Independence activist and education philosopher, served as Vice Chancellor of [[Aligarh Muslim University]] (1948–56) and the [[Governor of Bihar]] (1957–62). Elected as [[Vice President of India]] in 1962 and became the third [[President of India]] in 1967. Later conferred the [[Bharat Ratna]] in 1963.
|-
|-
|1954
|1954
Line 153: Line 145:
|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Independence activist, lawyer, social worker, served as Prime Minister of Bombay (1937–1939, 1946–1947) and the first [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief minister of Bombay State]] (1947–1952).
|-
|-
|1954
|1954
Line 161: Line 151:
|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Kerala
|Kerala
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Academic, politician, and non-career diplomat. Served as [[Permanent Representative of India to the United Nations|Permanent Representative to the United Nations]] (1952–1962) and as [[Minister of Defence (India)|Minister of Defence]] (1957{{ndash}}1962). One of the architects of the [[Non-Aligned Movement]].
|-
|-
|1954
|1954
Line 169: Line 157:
|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Bhutan
|Bhutan
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Third [[Monarchy of Bhutan|Druk Gyalpo]] (King) of [[Bhutan]] (1952{{ndash}}1972). Played important role in democratizing and modernizing Bhutan and in diplomacy with India.
|-
|-
|1955
|1955
Line 177: Line 163:
|Literature & Education
|Literature & Education
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Social reformer and educator, known for works related to woman education and remarriage of Hindu widows. Established the Widow Marriage Association (1883), Hindu Widows Home (1896), and started [[Shreemati Nathibai Damodar Thackersey Women's University]] in 1916. Later conferred [[Bharat Ratna]] in 1958.
|-
|-
|1955
|1955
Line 185: Line 169:
|Trade & Industry
|Trade & Industry
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Industrialist, philanthropist, and aviation pioneer, founded India's first airline [[Air India]] and various other institutes including [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]], [[Tata Memorial Hospital]], [[Tata Institute of Social Sciences]], [[Tata Motors]], etc. Later conferred [[Bharat Ratna]] in 1992.
|-
|-
|1956
|1956
Line 193: Line 175:
|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Bihar
|Bihar
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Judge and former head of the [[States Reorganisation Commission]] which determined the boundaries of several Indian states in 1953. Served as [[Governor of Odisha]] (1952{{ndash}}1954) and as [[Governor of Assam]] (1956{{ndash}}1959).
|-
|-
|1956
|1956
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|Social Work
|Social Work
|Madhya Pradesh
|Madhya Pradesh
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Independent activist, worked for Gauseva and the betterment of the lives of harijans. Served as President of Akhil Bhartiya Goseva Sangh for many years since 1942. First female to be conferred the Padma Vibhushan.
|-
|-
|1956
|1956
Line 209: Line 187:
|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Madhya Pradesh
|Madhya Pradesh
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Administrator and civil servant who served as British [[Governor of Orissa]] (1946{{ndash}}1947) and as the first [[Governor of Punjab (India)|Governor of Punjab]] (then East Punjab) after Independence in 1947 and later as [[Governor of Andhra Pradesh]] (1953{{ndash}}1957).
|-
|-
|1957
|1957
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|Trade & Industry
|Trade & Industry
|Rajasthan
|Rajasthan
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Businessman, philanthropist and independence activist. Conceived the idea of organising a commercial bank with Indian capital and management. Founded [[BITS Pilani|Birla Engineering College]] and [[Technological Institute of Textile & Sciences]].
|-
|-
|1957
|1957
Line 225: Line 199:
|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Uttar Pradesh
|Uttar Pradesh
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Freedom fighter, politician and activist. Served as first [[List of High Commissioners of India to Pakistan|High Commissioner to Pakistan]] (1947{{ndash}}1949), [[Governor of Assam]] (1949{{ndash}}1950), [[Governor of Madras]] (1950{{ndash}}1956), [[Governor of Bombay]] (1956{{ndash}}1962).
|-
|-
|1957
|1957
Line 233: Line 205:
|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Eminent jurist and served as the first and longest [[Attorney General of India]] (1950–1963) and as the first Chairman of the [[Law Commission of India|Law Commission]] (1955–1958).
|-
|-
|1958
|1958
!colspan="5"| ''No appointments''
! colspan="4" | ''No awards''
|-
|-
|1959
|1959
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|Literature & Education
|Literature & Education
|Kerala
|Kerala
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Noted economist who served as independent India's first [[Minister of Railways (India)|Railways Minister]] (1947{{ndash}}1948) and later served as [[Minister of Finance (India)|Minister of Finance]] (1948{{ndash}}1950).<ref name="FM">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/business/budget/finance-ministers-of-india-since-independence/article6159863.ece|title=Finance Ministers of India since Independence|newspaper=The Hindu|date=24 February 2015|access-date=31 October 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140712033932/http://www.thehindu.com/business/budget/finance-ministers-of-india-since-independence/article6159863.ece|archive-date=12 July 2014}}
* {{cite web|url=http://specials.rediff.com/money/2008/feb/18sld1.htm|title=Finance ministers who shaped India's economy|work=Rediff.com|date=18 February 2008|access-date=31 October 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011072611/http://specials.rediff.com/money/2008/feb/18sld1.htm|archive-date=11 October 2014}}</ref>
|-
|-
|1959
|1959
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|Social Work
|Social Work
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
[[List of ambassadors of India to the United States|Indian Ambassador to the United States]] (1952{{ndash}}1958).
|-
|-
|1959
|1959
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|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|West Bengal
|West Bengal
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Eminent jurist and member of United Nations' [[International Law Commission]] (1952{{ndash}}1966). Later appointed as one of the three Asian judges of the [[International Military Tribunal for the Far East]].
|- id="1960"
|- id="1960"
|1960
|1960
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|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Tamil Nadu
|Tamil Nadu
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Civil Servant who served as the first [[Cabinet Secretary of India]] (1950{{ndash}}1953) and then as the [[Foreign Secretary of India|Secretary General in the Ministry of External Affairs]] (1953{{ndash}}1959). Later also served as [[List of ambassadors of India to France|Ambassador to France]] (1959{{ndash}}1961).
|-
|-
|1961
|1961
!colspan="5"| ''No appointments''
! colspan="4" | ''No awards''
|-
|-
|1962
|1962
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|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|Tamil Nadu
|Tamil Nadu
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Civil servant who served as the sixth [[Governor of the Reserve Bank of India]] (1957{{ndash}}1962).
|-
|-
|1962
|1962
Line 288: Line 247:
|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Andhra Pradesh
|Andhra Pradesh
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Freedom fighter and politician. Served as the [[Governor of West Bengal]] (1956{{ndash}}1967).
|-
|-
|1962
|1962
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|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|Uttar Pradesh
|Uttar Pradesh
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Freedom fighter, diplomat and politician who served as the [[President of the United Nations General Assembly]] (1953{{ndash}}1954) and the first female holder of the position. Later served as [[Governor of Maharashtra]] (1962{{ndash}}1964).
|-
|-
|1963
|1963
Line 304: Line 259:
|Literature & Education
|Literature & Education
|West Bengal
|West Bengal
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Linguist, educationist and litterateur. Popularly known as ''"Bhashacharya Acharya"''.
|-
|-
|1963
|1963
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|Medicine
|Medicine
|Tamil Nadu
|Tamil Nadu
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Educationist and physician who served as the Vice-Chancellor of [[Madras University]] for 27 years. Also served as Chairman of the [[World Health Organization]] Executive Board (1949{{ndash}}1950) and then as Vice-President of the World Health Assembly (1955).
|-
|-
|1963
|1963
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|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Lawyer and politician who served as Vice-Chancellor of [[University of Poona]] and a member of the [[Constituent Assembly of India]]. Later served as [[Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)|Union Minister of Civil Aviation and Tourism]] (1956{{ndash}}1957) and as [[Governor of Madhya Pradesh]] (1957{{ndash}}1965).
|-
|-
|1964
|1964
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|Literature & Education
|Literature & Education
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Independence activist, social reformer, journalist and an eminent follower of the philosophy and methods of Mahatma Gandhi. Served as member of ''Rashtabhasha Samiti'' to popularize [[Hindi]]-[[Hindustani language|Hindustani]] language as the national language of India, and as member of [[Rajya Sabha]] (1952{{ndash}}1964).
|-
|-
|1964
|1964
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|Literature & Education
|Literature & Education
|Uttar Pradesh
|Uttar Pradesh
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Sanskrit scholar, Indologist and philosopher, and editor of the ''[[Sarasvati Bhavana Granthamala]]''.
|-
|-
|1965
|1965
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|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|West Bengal
|West Bengal
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
[[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Chief of the Army Staff]] (1962{{ndash}}1966) and played important role during [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]].
|-
|-
|1965
|1965
Line 352: Line 295:
|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Telangana
|Telangana
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Bureaucrat and administrator who served as the Secretary to the Executive Council during Nizam rule. Later served as [[Governor of Gujarat]] (1960{{ndash}}1965).
|-
|-
|1965
|1965
Line 360: Line 301:
|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
[[Chief of the Air Staff (India)|Chief of the Air Staff]] (1964{{ndash}}1969) and led the air force during [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]]. Later promoted as the first and only [[Marshal of the Indian Air Force]] in 2002.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianairforce.nic.in/show_page.php?pg_id=14|title=Marshal of the Indian Air Force Arjan Singh|publisher=Indian Air Force|access-date=31 October 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605171247/http://en.rian.ru/russia/20090212/120098967.html|archive-date=5 June 2011}}</ref><ref name="ASFM">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/2002/01/26/stories/2002012605110500.htm|title=Arjan Singh is IAF Marshal|date=26 January 2006|access-date=3 November 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180406100918/http://www.thehindu.com/2002/01/26/stories/2002012605110500.htm|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=6 April 2018}}</ref>
|-
|-
|1966
|1966
Line 368: Line 307:
|Social Work
|Social Work
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Cardinal of the [[Roman Catholic Church]] and served as [[Archbishop of Bombay]] (1950-1978).
|-
|-
|1967
|1967
Line 376: Line 313:
|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Eminent lawyer and first [[Solicitor General of India]] (1950{{ndash}}1963). Later served as the [[Attorney General of India]] (1963{{ndash}}1968) and as a nominated member of the [[Rajya Sabha]] (1972{{ndash}}1978).
|-
|-
|1967
|1967
Line 384: Line 319:
|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|Andhra Pradesh
|Andhra Pradesh
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Politician and former [[Ministry of Power (India)|Union Minister of Power and Irrigation]]. Also served as the [[Governor of Punjab (India)|Governor of Punjab]] (1964{{ndash}}1965).
|-
|-
|1967
|1967
Line 392: Line 325:
|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|Uttar Pradesh
|Uttar Pradesh
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Civil servant and Chairman of the [[Union Public Service Commission]] (1961{{ndash}}1967).
|-
|-
|1967
|1967
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|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|Andhra Pradesh
|Andhra Pradesh
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Civil servant and writer. Served as the sixth [[Defence Secretary (India)|Defence Secretary]] (1962{{ndash}}1965).
|-
|-
|1968
|1968
Line 408: Line 337:
|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Madhya Pradesh
|Madhya Pradesh
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Educationist, freedom fighter, statesman, modern Sanskrit poet and politician. Popularly known as ''"Loknayak Bapuji"'' and played important role during Indian freedom struggle. Served as a member of [[Viceroy's Executive Council]] (1941{{ndash}}1943) and then as the [[Governor of Bihar]] (1948{{ndash}}1952).
|-
|-
|1968
|1968
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|Science & Engineering
|Science & Engineering
|United States
|United States
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Indian-American theoretical physicist and recipient of [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] in 1983 for ''"theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars"''.
|-
|-
|1968
|1968
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|Literature & Education
|Literature & Education
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Scientist and statistician, widely known for [[Mahalanobis distance]]. Served as member of the first [[Planning Commission of India|Planning Commission]] and made pioneering studies in anthropometry. Founded the [[Indian Statistical Institute]] and contributed to the design of large-scale sample surveys. Considered as the father of statistics in India.
|-
|-
|1968
|1968
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|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Spiritual master and President of the World Fellowship of Religions (1957{{ndash}}1971).
|-
|-
|1968
|1968
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|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Civil servant who served as the first Union Law Secretary (1948{{ndash}}1958) and then as the [[Chief Election Commissioner of India|Chief Election Commissioner]] (1958{{ndash}}1967). Later served as Chairman of the [[Law Commission of India|Fifth Law Commission]] (1968{{ndash}}1978).
|-
|-
|1969
|1969
Line 448: Line 367:
|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Diplomat and former [[Foreign Secretary (India)|Foreign Secretary]] (1967{{ndash}}1968). Also served [[List of ambassadors of India to France|Ambassador to France]] (1965{{ndash}}1967) and head of the [[United Nations Operation in the Congo]].
|-
|-
|1969
|1969
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|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Civil servant and ninth [[Cabinet Secretary of India]] (1966{{ndash}}1968).
|-
|-
|1969
|1969
Line 464: Line 379:
|Literature & Education
|Literature & Education
|United States
|United States
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Indian-American biochemist and recipient of 1968 [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] for research showing the order of nucleotides in nucleic acids, which carry the genetic code of the cell and control the cell's synthesis of proteins.
|-
|-
|1969
|1969
Line 472: Line 385:
|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|Rajasthan
|Rajasthan
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Diplomat and founder of Vidya Bhavan group of institutions and [[Seva Mandir]] in Udaipur. Served as member of the [[Constituent Assembly of India|Constituent Assembly]] (1946{{ndash}}1947), Ambassador to [[the Netherlands]] (1949{{ndash}}1951), [[List of High Commissioners of India to Pakistan|High Commissioner to Pakistan]] (1951{{ndash}}1955), Ambassador to Switzerland, Austria and Holy See (1955{{ndash}}1958).
|-
|-
|1969
|1969
Line 480: Line 391:
|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|Uttar Pradesh
|Uttar Pradesh
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Civil servant and former Chairman of the [[Ministry of Railways (India)|Railway Board]] and Secretary to the [[Ministry of Railways (India)|Ministry of Railways]] (1955{{ndash}}1957).
|-id="1970"
|-id="1970"
|1970
|1970
Line 488: Line 397:
|Literature & Education
|Literature & Education
|Uttar Pradesh
|Uttar Pradesh
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Archaeologist and historian specialising in the ancient history and culture of India. Former Vice-Chancellor of [[Allahabad University]].
|-
|-
|1970
|1970
Line 496: Line 403:
|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|West Bengal
|West Bengal
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
[[Indian Air Force]] pilot. Commander of Halwara Air Force Station Base (1967{{ndash}}1969) and Director of the Aircraft & Armament Testing Group of the Indian Air Force (1969{{ndash}}1970). Died in an air crash while test flying a HAL HF-24 prototype.
|-
|-
|1970
|1970
Line 504: Line 409:
|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Civil servant and politician. Played eminent role in [[Annexation of Goa|liberation of Goa]] from Portuguese rule. Served as [[Governor of Tripura|Lieutenant Governor of Tripura]] (1969{{ndash}}1971) and as [[Governor of West Bengal]] (1971{{ndash}}1977).
|-
|-
|1970
|1970
Line 512: Line 415:
|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|Tamil Nadu
|Tamil Nadu
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
General officer and sixth [[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Chief of the Army Staff]] (1967{{ndash}}1969).
|-
|-
|1970
|1970
Line 520: Line 421:
|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|Andhra Pradesh
|Andhra Pradesh
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Lawyer, diplomat, and statesman and first President of the [[United Nations Economic and Social Council]] (1946{{ndash}}1947). Also served as the [[Dewan of Mysore]] (1946{{ndash}}1949).
|-
|-
|1970
|1970
Line 528: Line 427:
|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|West Bengal
|West Bengal
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Diplomat and former Director-General of the [[Food and Agriculture Organization]] (1956{{ndash}}1967). Also served as [[List of ambassadors of India to the United States|Ambassador to the United States]] (1951{{ndash}}1952).
|-
|-
|1970
|1970
Line 536: Line 433:
|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|Punjab
|Punjab
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
General officer in [[Indian Army]] and General Officer Commanding-in-Chief of the [[Western Command (India)|Western Command]] (1964{{ndash}}1969), played important role during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]].
|-
|-
|1971
|1971
Line 544: Line 439:
|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|Assam
|Assam
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Freedom fighter and politician. Served as [[Chief Minister of Assam]] (1957{{ndash}}1970).
|-
|-
|1971
|1971
Line 552: Line 445:
|Arts
|Arts
|West Bengal
|West Bengal
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Sarod player and multi-instrumentalist, composer and one of the most notable music teachers of the 20th century in [[Indian classical music]].
|-
|-
|1971
|1971
Line 560: Line 451:
|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Businessperson credited to have become the first woman in the world to head an organisation of ship owners. Chaired the Indian National Steamship Owners Association, later also elected as Vice-President of World Shipping Federation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/money/1998/jun/29sumati.htm|title=Sumati Morarjee, mother of Indian shipping, dies at 91|work=Rediff.com|date=29 June 1998|access-date=1 November 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924133825/http://www.rediff.com/money/1998/jun/29sumati.htm|archive-date=24 September 2015}}</ref>
|-
|-
|1971
|1971
Line 568: Line 457:
|Arts
|Arts
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Dancer and choreographer, best known for creating a fusion style of dance, adapting European theatrical techniques to [[Indian classical dance]], imbued with elements of Indian classical, folk, and tribal dance. Pioneer of [[modern dance]] in India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/12/13/stories/2001121301690300.htm|title=Uday Shankar remembered|date=13 December 2001|access-date=1 November 2015|author=K. Kannan|location=New Delhi|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180406100917/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/12/13/stories/2001121301690300.htm|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=6 April 2018}}</ref>
|-
|-
|1971
|1971
Line 576: Line 463:
|Medicine
|Medicine
|Goa
|Goa
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Obstetrician and gynaecologist. Noted contributions include [[cervical cerclage]], also known as ''"Shirodkar cerclage"'', operations for prolapse repair, tuboplasty and creation of neovagina, etc.
|-
|-
|1971
|1971
Line 584: Line 469:
|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|Tamil Nadu
|Tamil Nadu
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Civil servant and tenth [[Cabinet Secretary of India]] (1969{{ndash}}1970).
|-
|-
|1972
|1972
Line 592: Line 475:
|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Noted judge who served as the seventh [[Chief Justice of India]] (1964{{ndash}}1966) and later as the Chairman of the 6th & 7th [[Law Commission of India|Law Commission]] (1971{{ndash}}1974).
|-
|-
|1972
|1972
Line 600: Line 481:
|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|Uttar Pradesh
|Uttar Pradesh
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Civil servant and former Chief Secretary of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. Served as the first Director of the [[Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration]] (1959{{ndash}}1962) and then as the first [[Lieutenant Governor of Delhi]] (1966{{ndash}}1972).
|-
|-
|1972
|1972
Line 608: Line 487:
|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|Punjab
|Punjab
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
[[Chief of the Air Staff (India)|Chief of the Air Staff]] (1969{{ndash}}1973) and played important role in the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]. Later served as Chairman of [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited]] and [[Air India]].
|-
|-
|1972
|1972
Line 616: Line 493:
|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|Tamil Nadu
|Tamil Nadu
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
[[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Chief of the Army Staff]] (1969{{ndash}}1973) and played important role in the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]. Promoted to the rank of a [[Field Marshal (India)|Field Marshal]] in 1973 becoming first army officer to be promoted to a five-star rank.<ref name="ASFM"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/jun/30/india|title=Obituary: Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw|newspaper=The Guardian|date=29 June 2008|access-date=3 November 2015|author=Saighal, Vinod|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923150853/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/jun/30/india|archive-date=23 September 2016}}</ref>
|-
|-
|1972
|1972
Line 624: Line 499:
|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Politician and non-career diplomat. Served as the first [[Chief Minister of Gujarat]] (1960{{ndash}}1963) and then as the [[List of High Commissioners of India to the United Kingdom|High Commissioner to the United Kingdom]] (1963{{ndash}}1966).
|-
|-
|1972
|1972
Line 632: Line 505:
|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
[[Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Chief of the Naval Staff]] (1970{{ndash}}1973) and played important role in the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]. Upon retirement, served as the Chairman and Managing Director of the [[Shipping Corporation of India]].
|-
|-
|1972
|1972
Line 640: Line 511:
|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Jammu and Kashmir
|Jammu and Kashmir
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Politician and former [[List of chief ministers of Jammu and Kashmir|Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir]] (1964{{ndash}}1965) and then as chief minister (1965{{ndash}}1971).
|-
|-
|1972
|1972
Line 648: Line 517:
|Science & Engineering
|Science & Engineering
|Gujarat
|Gujarat
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Physicist and astronomer who initiated space research and helped develop nuclear power in India and came to be known as the "father of Indian space program". Served as the Chairman of the [[Atomic Energy Commission of India]] (1966{{ndash}}1971) and thereupon as Chairman of [[ISRO]] (1963{{ndash}}1971).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/remembering-dr-vikram-sarabhai-on-his-birth-anniversary/15525196|title=Remembering Dr Vikram Sarabhai on his birth anniversary|newspaper=Mid-Day|author=Dhavle, Priyanka|date=12 August 2015|access-date=3 November 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202183341/http://www.mid-day.com/articles/remembering-dr-vikram-sarabhai-on-his-birth-anniversary/15525196|archive-date=2 February 2016}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.isro.gov.in/about-isro/former-chairmen|title=ISRO Former Chairmen|publisher=Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)|access-date=3 November 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151024015223/http://www.isro.gov.in/about-isro/former-chairmen|archive-date=24 October 2015}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.isro.gov.in/about-isro/dr-vikram-ambalal-sarabhai|title=Profile: Dr. Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai|publisher=Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)|access-date=3 November 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118154118/http://www.isro.gov.in/about-isro/dr-vikram-ambalal-sarabhai|archive-date=18 November 2015}}</ref>
|-
|-
|1972
|1972
Line 658: Line 523:
|Literature & Education
|Literature & Education
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Jurist, lawyer and writer, considered to be a renowned constitutional expert, and his works are cited popularly in various Indian cases as well as journals.
|-
|-
|1973
|1973
Line 666: Line 529:
|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|West Bengal
|West Bengal
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Independence activist and contributed actively to various political and social movements and continued with social work post-independence.
|-
|-
|1973
|1973
Line 674: Line 535:
|Social Work
|Social Work
|Gujarat
|Gujarat
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Independent activist and politician. Served as the Chief Marshal of [[Saurashtra (state)|Saurashtra]] (1948{{ndash}}1954) and as the [[President of the Indian National Congress]] (1955{{ndash}}1959).
|-
|-
|1973
|1973
Line 682: Line 541:
|Science & Engineering
|Science & Engineering
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Scientist and educationist. Known for works on [[statistical thermodynamics]] and the theory of [[white dwarf]]. Served as Scientific Advisor to the [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]] (1948{{ndash}}1961) and Chairman of the [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]] (1961{{ndash}}1973).
|-
|-
|1973
|1973
Line 690: Line 547:
|Social Work
|Social Work
|West Bengal
|West Bengal
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Englishwoman who fought for Indian Independence. Served as the first woman alderman for Calcutta and then as the [[President of the Indian National Congress]] (1933{{ndash}}1934).
|-
|-
|1973
|1973
Line 698: Line 553:
|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Rajasthan
|Rajasthan
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Eminent lawyer and administrator. Served as the [[Chief Election Commissioner of India|Chief Election Commissioner]] (1972{{ndash}}1973) and later as the President of the [[International Court of Justice]] (1985{{ndash}}1988).
|-
|-
|1973
|1973
Line 706: Line 559:
|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|Tamil Nadu
|Tamil Nadu
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Civil servant and diplomat. Served as the Ambassador to [[Belgium]] (1966{{ndash}}1970), then as the [[Cabinet Secretary of India]] (1970{{ndash}}1972), and as the [[Chief Election Commissioner of India|Chief Election Commissioner]] (1973{{ndash}}1977).
|-
|-
|1974
|1974
Line 714: Line 565:
|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|West Bengal
|West Bengal
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Eminent lawyer and jurist. Served as the [[Solicitor General of India]] (1967{{ndash}}1968) and then as the [[Attorney General of India]] (1968{{ndash}}1977).
|-
|-
|1974
|1974
Line 722: Line 571:
|Arts
|Arts
|West Bengal
|West Bengal
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Noted artist and one of the pioneers of Indian modern art and a key figure of [[Contextual Modernism]]. One of the earliest artists in modern India to take up to murals as a mode of artistic expression which all depicted a subtle understanding of environmental through pioneering architectural nuances.
|-
|-
|1974
|1974
Line 730: Line 577:
|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|Karnataka
|Karnataka
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Economist, politician and educator. Established three noted institutions in social science research in India which includes the [[Delhi School of Economics]], [[Institute of Economic Growth]] and the [[Institute for Social and Economic Change]]. Served as [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways|Union Minister of Transport and Shipping]] (1967{{ndash}}1969) and as [[Minister of Education (India)|Union Minister of Education and Youth Services]] (1969{{ndash}}1971).
|-
|-
|1974
|1974
Line 738: Line 583:
|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Civil servant and writer. Served as [[Defence Secretary (India)|Union Defence Secretary]] (1968{{ndash}}1970).
|-
|-
|1975
|1975
Line 746: Line 589:
|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Civil servant and the first Indian to be appointed [[Governor of the Reserve Bank of India]] (1943{{ndash}}1949). Thereupon served as the [[Minister of Finance (India)|Union Finance Minister]] (1950{{ndash}}1956)<ref name="FM"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rbi.org.in/content/Annual_CDMemorial.aspx|title=Chintaman Deshmukh Memorial Lectures|access-date=3 November 2015|publisher=Reserve Bank of India|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150919155129/https://rbi.org.in/Content/Annual_CDMemorial.aspx|archive-date=19 September 2015}}</ref> and Chairman of the [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]] (1956{{ndash}}1961).
|-
|-
|1975
|1975
Line 754: Line 595:
|Social Work
|Social Work
|Andhra Pradesh
|Andhra Pradesh
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Freedom fighter, lawyer, social worker and politician. Served as a member of the [[Constituent Assembly of India]] and [[Planning Commission (India)|Planning Commission]] in which she mustered support for a national policy on social welfare. Later served as the Chairperson of the Central Social Welfare Board and National Council on Women's Education.
|-
|-
|1975
|1975
Line 762: Line 601:
|Social Work
|Social Work
|Tamil Nadu
|Tamil Nadu
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Eminent philanthropist, known for establishing several NGOs in Chennai and across India. Played important role in establishing orphanages, promoting female literacy, the care and rehabilitation of disabled people, etc.
|-
|-
|1975
|1975
Line 770: Line 607:
|Literature & Education
|Literature & Education
|West Bengal
|West Bengal
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Physicist and academic. One of the pioneers of [[nuclear physics]] in India and known for building India's first [[cyclotron]] at the [[University of Calcutta]]. Served as scientific advisor to the [[Government of India]] and member of the [[Planning Commission (India)|Planning Commission]].
|-
|-
|1975
|1975
Line 778: Line 613:
|Science & Engineering
|Science & Engineering
|Karnataka
|Karnataka
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Physicist, best known for his role in [[India and weapons of mass destruction|India's nuclear program]] in its early stages. Expanded and supervised scientific research on nuclear weapons and was the first directing officer of the small team of scientists supervising and carrying out the test of the nuclear device, under the codename ''[[Smiling Buddha]]'', in 1974. Later also served [[Minister of Defence (India)|Union Minister of State for Defence]] (1989{{ndash}}1990).
|-
|-
|1975
|1975
Line 786: Line 619:
|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Nuclear scientist and chemical engineer. Served as Chairman of the [[Atomic Energy Commission of India|Atomic Energy Commission]] during the first nuclear test, codename ''[[Smiling Buddha]]'' in 1974. Played important and central role in India's civilian nuclear program as well as the construction of nuclear power plants.
|-
|-
|1975
|1975
Line 794: Line 625:
|Arts
|Arts
|Tamil Nadu
|Tamil Nadu
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
[[Carnatic music|Carnatic classical vocalist]] known for her divine voice and is often hailed as ''"Queen of Songs"''. First Indian musician to receive the [[Ramon Magsaysay Award]]. Later conferred the [[Bharat Ratna]] in 1998 becoming the first ever musician to receive the honour.
|-
|-
|1975
|1975
Line 802: Line 631:
|Literature & Education
|Literature & Education
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Educationist and Gandhian. Contributed immensely in field of education and philanthropy and dedicated herself to the cause of women's education. Served as Chairperson of the [[Kasturba Gandhi National Memorial Trust]] (1956{{ndash}}1972) and as first Vice-Chancellor of the [[SNDT Women's University]].
|-
|-
|1976
|1976
Line 810: Line 637:
|Science & Engineering
|Science & Engineering
|Uttar Pradesh
|Uttar Pradesh
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Ornithologist and naturalist, sometimes known as ''"Birdman of India"''. First Indian to conduct systematic bird surveys across India and wrote several bird books that popularized ornithology in India. Became a key figure behind the [[Bombay Natural History Society]] after 1947 and used his personal influence to garner government support for the organisation, create the [[Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary]] and prevent the destruction of the [[Silent Valley National Park]].
|-
|-
|1976
|1976
Line 818: Line 643:
|Literature & Education
|Literature & Education
|Punjab
|Punjab
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Politician and [[Punjabi language]] writer. Served as [[Chief Minister of Punjab (India)|Chief Minister of Punjab]] (1966{{ndash}}1967).
|-
|-
|1976
|1976
Line 826: Line 649:
|Arts
|Arts
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Eminent cartoonist, considered as the father of political cartooning in India. Founded ''[[Shankar's Weekly]]'' in 1948.
|-
|-
|1976
|1976
Line 834: Line 655:
|Science & Engineering
|Science & Engineering
|Kerala
|Kerala
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Physicist and meteorologist. Served as the first Director of the [[Physical Research Laboratory]] and was the first President of the [[International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics]] (1954{{ndash}}1957).
|-
|-
|1976
|1976
Line 842: Line 661:
|Arts
|Arts
|West Bengal
|West Bengal
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Film director, screenwriter, documentary filmmaker, author, essayist, lyricist, magazine editor, illustrator, calligrapher, and composer. Widely considered one of the greatest film-makers of all time and credited with bringing world recognition to [[Indian cinema]]. Later conferred the [[Bharat Ratna]] in 1992.
|-
|-
|1976
|1976
Line 850: Line 667:
|Literature & Education
|Literature & Education
|Uttar Pradesh
|Uttar Pradesh
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Educationist, distinguished parliamentarian and politician. Served as [[Minister of Education (India)|Union Minister of Education]] (1958{{ndash}}1963) and then as [[Vice-Chancellor of Banaras Hindu University]] (1969{{ndash}}1977).
|-
|-
|1976
|1976
Line 858: Line 673:
|Literature & Education
|Literature & Education
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Politician and educationist. Served as member of the [[Constituent Assembly of India]], member of the [[Lok Sabha]] (1952{{ndash}}1956), Vice-Chancellor of [[Aligarh Muslim University]] (1956{{ndash}}1962) and then as member of [[Rajya Sabha]] (1964{{ndash}}1969).
|-
|-
|1977
|1977
Line 866: Line 679:
|Arts
|Arts
|Tamil Nadu
|Tamil Nadu
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Noted dancer, best known for her rendering of [[Bharatanatyam]].
|-
|-
|1977
|1977
Line 874: Line 685:
|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Andhra Pradesh
|Andhra Pradesh
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Diplomat and noted administrator. Served as Ambassador to Argentina (1952{{ndash}}1954), Ambassador to Egypt (1954{{ndash}}1958), [[List of ambassadors of India to France|Ambassador to France]] (1961–1965) and [[List of ambassadors of India to the United States|Ambassador to the United States]] (1968{{ndash}}1970). Later served as [[Governor of Maharashtra]] (1971{{ndash}}1976).
|-
|-
|1977
|1977
Line 882: Line 691:
|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Civil servant, engineer and politician. Served as first Chairman of Central Waterways Irrigation and Navigation Commission of India in 1945, then as Vice-Chancellor of [[IIT Roorkee|University of Roorkee]] (1954{{ndash}}1959). Nominated to the [[Rajya Sabha]] in 1958 and served till 1964. Later also served as [[Governor of Orissa]] (1962{{ndash}}1966, 1966{{ndash}}1968).
|-
|-
|1977
|1977
Line 890: Line 697:
|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|Punjab
|Punjab
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
[[Chief of the Air Staff (India)|Chief of the Air Staff]] from 1973 to 1976. Upon retirement, served as [[Governor of Maharashtra]] (1980{{ndash}}1982) and as [[Governor of Rajasthan]] (1982{{ndash}}1985).
|-
|-
|1977
|1977
Line 898: Line 703:
|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|West Bengal
|West Bengal
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Independence activist and politician. Served as three-time [[Chief Minister of West Bengal]] (1967, 1969{{ndash}}1970, 1971).
|-
|-
|1977
|1977
Line 906: Line 709:
|Literature & Education
|Literature & Education
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Freedom fighter, diplomat and administrator. Served as Ambassador to Nepal (1949{{ndash}}1952), as [[Governor of Punjab (India)|Governor of Punjab]] (1953{{ndash}}1958) and later as [[Governor of Uttar Pradesh]] (1980{{ndash}}1985).
|-
|-
|1978
|1978
!rowspan="2" colspan="5"| ''Awards suspended''
! colspan="4" rowspan="2" | ''Awards suspended''
|-
|-
|1979
|1979
Line 919: Line 720:
|Arts
|Arts
|Uttar Pradesh
|Uttar Pradesh
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Hindustani classical [[shehnai]] player, Khan played the instrument for more than eight decades and is credited to have brought the instrument to the centre stage of Indian music. Later conferred the [[Bharat Ratna]] in 2001.
|-
|-
|1980
|1980
Line 927: Line 726:
|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|Uttar Pradesh
|Uttar Pradesh
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Eminent author and scholar. Founder director of [[Bharat Kala Bhavan]].
|-
|-
|1981
|1981
Line 935: Line 732:
|Science & Engineering
|Science & Engineering
|Karnataka
|Karnataka
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Mathematician and aerospace engineer, widely regarded as the father of experimental [[fluid dynamics]] research in India. One of the most eminent researchers in the field of [[turbulence]] and [[boundary layers]], leading the successful and indigenous development of the Indian space programme. Served as third chairman of [[ISRO]] (1973{{ndash}}1984). ISRO's primary spaceport [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]] is named after him.
|-
|-
|1981
|1981
Line 943: Line 738:
|Arts
|Arts
|Uttar Pradesh
|Uttar Pradesh
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
[[Sitarist]] and composer, sitar [[virtuoso]], he became the world's best-known expert of [[North Indian classical music]] in the second half of the 20th century. Winner of four [[Grammy Award]]s. Later conferred the [[Bharat Ratna]] in 1999.
|-
|-
|1982
|1982
Line 951: Line 744:
|Social Work
|Social Work
|United Kingdom
|United Kingdom
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
British supporter of the Indian Independence Movement who in the 1920s left her home in England to live and work with [[Mahatma Gandhi]]. Devoted her life to human development and the advancement of [[Gandhism|Gandhi's principles]].
|-
|-
|1983
|1983
!rowspan="2" colspan="5"| ''No appointments''
! colspan="4" rowspan="2" | ''No awards''
|-
|-
|1984
|1984
Line 964: Line 755:
|Science & Engineering
|Science & Engineering
|Karnataka
|Karnataka
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Chemist, well-known for his works mainly in field of [[Solid-state electronics|solid-state]] and [[materials chemistry]], [[spectroscopy]] and [[molecular structure]]. Recipient of honorary doctorates from 84 universities around the world and authored around 1,774 research publications and 56 books. Later conferred the [[Bharat Ratna]] in 2014.
|-
|-
|1985
|1985
Line 972: Line 761:
|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|Kerala
|Kerala
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Physicist and policymaker, played prominent role in the development of science and technology. Undertook experiments with [[cosmic rays]] to explore the properties of fundamental particles and was actively involved in setting up balloon flight experiments, as well as deep underground experiments with cosmic ray [[neutrinos]]. Served as Chairman of [[ISRO]] in 1972 and later elected to [[Rajya Sabha]] in 1986 and served as [[Ministry of Science and Technology (India)|Union Minister of State for Science and Technology]] (1989{{ndash}}1990).
|-
|-
|1986
|1986
Line 980: Line 767:
|Social Work
|Social Work
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Social worker and social activist known particularly for his work for the rehabilitation and empowerment of people suffering from [[leprosy]]. Widely regarded as modern Gandhi of India. Returned the award in 1991 along with his [[Padma Shri]] conferred in 1971 in protest against the ill-treatment given to tribals during the construction of [[Sardar Sarovar Dam]]{{efn|name=Amte|In 1991, [[Baba Amte]] returned the award, along with the [[Padma Shri]] conferred in 1971, to protest against the treatment given to the tribals during the construction of [[Sardar Sarovar Dam]].<ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Dharker|editor-first=Anil|author-last=D'Monte|author-first=Darryl|title=Icons: Men and Women Who Shaped India's Today|year=2011|publisher=Roli Books Private Limited|url={{GBurl|id=sNFbBAAAQBAJ|pg=PT52}}|isbn=978-81-7436-944-4|page=52}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article/the-good-life/236659|title=The Good Life|date=11 February 2008|access-date=20 November 2015|publisher=Outlook|author=Deshpande, Neeta|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120154805/http://www.outlookindia.com/article/the-good-life/236659|archive-date=20 November 2015}}</ref>}}
|-
|-
|1986
|1986
Line 989: Line 773:
|Arts
|Arts
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Dancer, composer, singer, and exponent of the [[Lucknow gharana|Lucknow "Kalka-Bindadin" Gharana]] of [[Kathak]] dance. Also practised [[Hindustani classical music]] and was a vocalist. Noted to have been able to sing the ''[[thumri]]'' while dancing on it.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/shrishti-award-for-birju-maharaj/article7189307.ece|title=Shrishti award for Birju Maharaj|newspaper=The Hindu|date=10 May 2015|access-date=10 November 2015|location=Bengaluru|author=Govind, Ranjani|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180406100917/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/shrishti-award-for-birju-maharaj/article7189307.ece|archive-date=6 April 2018}}</ref>
|-
|-
|1986
|1986
Line 997: Line 779:
|Medicine
|Medicine
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Medical scientist known for making pioneering discoveries in the areas of [[neurosciences]] and [[Pulmonology|respiratory sciences]]. Major contribution include the development of a single-fiber technique for recording afferent impulses from individual sensory receptors. Also discovered several sensory receptors including atrial B receptors, pulmonary J-receptors, ventricular pressure receptors, stomach stretch receptors, and muscle pain receptors.
|-
|-
|1987
|1987
Line 1,005: Line 785:
|Social Work
|Social Work
|Karnataka
|Karnataka
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Social reformer and freedom activist, best remembered for her contribution to the Indian independence movement; for being the driving force behind the renaissance of Indian handicrafts, handlooms, and theatre in independent India; and for upliftment of the socio-economic standard of Indian women by pioneering the co-operation.
|-
|-
|1987
|1987
Line 1,013: Line 791:
|Science & Technology
|Science & Technology
|Punjab
|Punjab
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Plant breeder and agronomist, best known for his works on wheat genetics and breeding and for his interest in rose varieties. Served as the first Director of the [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research]] (1965{{ndash}}1972) and worked on rust resistance in wheat and helped release several varieties.
|-
|-
|1987
|1987
Line 1,021: Line 797:
|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Politician, economist, academician and bureaucrat. Served as [[Governor of Reserve Bank of India]] (1982{{ndash}}1985) and head of the [[Planning Commission (India)|Planning Commission]] (1985{{ndash}}1987). As [[Minister of Finance (India)|Finance Minister]], carried out several structural reforms that [[Economic liberalisation in India|liberalised India's economy]] and proved successful in averting the [[1991 Indian economic crisis|economic crisis]]. Later served as the 13th [[Prime Minister of India]] from 2004 till 2014.<ref name="FM"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.archive.india.gov.in/govt/rajyasabhampbiodata.php?mpcode=2|title=Detailed Profile: Dr. Manmohan Singh|access-date=10 November 2015|publisher=National Informatics Centre (NIC)|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923173358/http://www.archive.india.gov.in/govt/rajyasabhampbiodata.php?mpcode=2|archive-date=23 September 2015}}</ref><ref name="pm">{{cite web|url=http://pmindia.gov.in/en/former-prime-ministers/|title=Prime Ministers of India|publisher=Prime Minister's Office (India)|access-date=12 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009232119/http://pmindia.gov.in/en/former-prime-ministers/|archive-date=9 October 2014}}</ref>
|-
|-
|1987
|1987
Line 1,029: Line 803:
|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
[[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Chief of the Army Staff]] (1983{{ndash}}1986) and led the army during [[Operation Blue Star]]. Assassinated in August 1986 in vengeance of Operation Blue Star.
|-
|-
|1988
|1988
Line 1,037: Line 809:
|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Judge and 15th [[Chief Justice of India]] (1977{{ndash}}1978). Upon retirement, served as the Chairman of the [[National Commission for Minorities|Minorities Commission]].
|-
|-
|1988
|1988
Line 1,045: Line 815:
|Literature & Education
|Literature & Education
|Karnataka
|Karnataka
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Eminent poet, playwright, novelist and critic, widely regarded as the great [[Kannada language|Kannada]] poet of the 20th century. Notable works include ''[[Sri Ramayana Darshanam]]'', ''[[Kanuru Heggaditi]]'', ''Chitrangada'', etc.
|-
|-
|1988
|1988
Line 1,053: Line 821:
|Literature & Education
|Literature & Education
|Uttar Pradesh
|Uttar Pradesh
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
[[Hindi]]-language poet, essayist, sketch story writer and an eminent personality of [[Hindi literature]]. Considered one of the four major pillars of the ''[[Chhayavad|Chhayawadi]]'' era in [[Hindi literature]]. Also addressed as the Modern [[Mirabai|Meera]]. Apart from her contributions to poetry, she had worked for social upliftment and welfare development among women.
|-
|-
|1989
|1989
Line 1,061: Line 827:
|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Uttar Pradesh
|Uttar Pradesh
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Senior politician who served as the [[Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (India)|Union Minister of Works and Housing]] (1971{{ndash}}1972), [[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare|Union Minister of Health and Family Welfare]] (1971{{ndash}}1973), [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Minister of Home Affairs]] (1973{{ndash}}1976) and then as [[Governor of Karnataka]] (1976{{ndash}}1977) and as [[Governor of West Bengal]] (1984{{ndash}}1986).
|-
|-
|1989
|1989
Line 1,069: Line 833:
|Arts
|Arts
|West Bengal
|West Bengal
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
[[Hindustani classical music]]ian of the [[Maihar gharana]], known for virtuosity in playing the [[sarod]]. Composed numerous classical ''[[raga]]s'' and [[film scores]].
|-
|-
|1989
|1989
Line 1,077: Line 839:
|Science & Technology
|Science & Technology
|Tamil Nadu
|Tamil Nadu
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Agronomist, agricultural scientist, plant geneticist, administrator and humanitarian. Global leader and main architect of the [[green revolution in India]] for leadership and role in introducing and further developing high-yielding varieties of wheat and rice. His collaborative scientific efforts with [[Norman Borlaug]], spearheading a mass movement with farmers and other scientists and backed by public policies, saved India and Pakistan from certain famine-like conditions in the 1960s. Referred to as the "father of economic ecology" by [[UNEP]].<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/education/story/m.s.-swaminathan-facts/1/456982.html|title=M.S. Swaminathan's 90th birthday: Unknown facts you must know about Father of Green Revolution in India|date=7 August 2015|access-date=10 November 2015|magazine=India Today|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603120053/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/education/story/m.s.-swaminathan-facts/1/456982.html|archive-date=3 June 2016}}</ref>
|-id="1990"
|-id="1990"
|1990
|1990
Line 1,085: Line 845:
|Literature & Education
|Literature & Education
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Scientist and founder chairman of [[Center for Study of Science, Technology and Policy]]. Headed [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]] for ten years and served as Scientific Advisor to the [[Minister of Defence (India)|Defence Minister]] (1982{{ndash}}1985) and Secretary for Defence Research.
|-
|-
|1990
|1990
Line 1,093: Line 851:
|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|Karnataka
|Karnataka
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Civil servant who held several important positions in the [[Government of Rajasthan]] and the [[Government of India|union government]] including serving as Chief Commissioner of Chandigarh, Chief Secretary of Delhi, [[Home Secretary (India)|Union Home Secretary]], etc. Appointed as the [[Comptroller and Auditor General of India|Comptroller and Auditor General]] in 1984 and served till 1989. Later served as [[Governor of Karnataka]] (2002{{ndash}}2007).
|-
|-
|1990
|1990
Line 1,101: Line 857:
|Literature & Education
|Literature & Education
|West Bengal
|West Bengal
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Economist, academic and writer. Taught at [[Chittagong College]] and [[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency College, Kolkata]]. Served as Director of Public Instruction, Department of General Education and in 1965, appointed as Secretary of Education, [[Government of West Bengal]]. Later appointed as member of [[Fourth Finance Commission]] in 1964.
|-
|-
|1990
|1990
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|Arts
|Arts
|Madhya Pradesh
|Madhya Pradesh
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
[[Hindustani classical music|Classical singer]] well known for his unique vocal style and for his refusal to be bound by the tradition of any gharana. Remembered for his great legacy of innovation, questioning tradition without rejecting it outright, resulting in music in touch with the roots of Indian culture, especially the folk music of Madhya Pradesh. His innovative approach towards music led to the creation of new ragas from combinations of older ragas.
|-
|-
|1990
|1990
Line 1,117: Line 869:
|Science & Engineering
|Science & Engineering
|Tamil Nadu
|Tamil Nadu
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Aerospace and defence scientist, played important role in development of India's first satellite vehicle [[Satellite Launch Vehicle|SLV]]-III and was the architect of [[Integrated Guided Missile Development Program]]. Played a pivotal role in India's ''[[Pokhran-II]]'' nuclear tests in 1998 and came to be regarded as the ''"Missile Man of India"'' for his work on the development of ballistic missile and launch vehicle technology. Served as Scientific Advisor to the [[Minister of Defence (India)|Defence Minister]] and Director-General of [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]]. Conferred the [[Bharat Ratna]] in 1997 and later served as the 11th [[President of India]] (2002{{ndash}}2007).
|-
|-
|1991
|1991
Line 1,125: Line 875:
|Arts
|Arts
|Tamil Nadu
|Tamil Nadu
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
[[Carnatic music|Carnatic]] vocalist, affectionately addressed as ''"Semmangudi Maama"'' by his disciples. Considered as the ''"Pitamaha"'' or the grand sire of modern [[Carnatic Music]]. Widely renowned for his virtuosity as a concert performer and was famous for the meticulous planning that he put into every concert.
|-
|-
|1991
|1991
Line 1,133: Line 881:
|Arts
|Arts
|Tamil Nadu
|Tamil Nadu
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
[[Carnatic music|Carnatic vocalist]], musician, multi-instrumentalist, playback singer, composer, and character actor. His concerts combined sophisticated vocal skills and rhythmic patterns of classical music with the popular demand for entertainment value.
|-
|-
|1991
|1991
Line 1,141: Line 887:
|Arts
|Arts
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Artist known for executing bold, vibrantly coloured narrative paintings in a modified [[Cubism|cubist style]] and often regarded as the "Picasso of India". One of the most celebrated and internationally recognised Indian artists of the 20th century. His themes—sometimes treated in series—include topics as diverse as [[Gandhi]], [[Mother Teresa]], the [[Ramayana]], the [[Mahabharata]], the [[British Raj]], and motifs of Indian urban and rural life.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.forbes.com/forbes/2005/1226/128sidebar.html|title=The Picasso of India|date=26 December 2005|access-date=19 November 2015|magazine=Forbes|author=Adams, Susan|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132809/http://www.forbes.com/forbes/2005/1226/128sidebar.html|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref>
|-
|-
|1991
|1991
Line 1,149: Line 893:
|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|West Bengal
|West Bengal
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Politician, lawyer and academic. Known for his profound and passionate oration in English and Bengali, and his natural eloquence was marked by a surpassing erudition and encyclopaedic memory. Served as member of the [[Lok Sabha]] from 1952 till 1977. Regarded as one of the most remarkable parliamentary speakers in India for all time.
|-
|-
|1991
|1991
Line 1,157: Line 899:
|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Gujarat
|Gujarat
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Politician and economist who specialised in labour issues. Served as union minister holding various portfolios between 1952 and 1971. Briefly served as Interim [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] in 1964 and 1966. Later conferred the [[Bharat Ratna]] in 1997.
|-
|-
|1991
|1991
Line 1,165: Line 905:
|Science & Engineering
|Science & Engineering
|Gujarat
|Gujarat
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Economist and a civil servant who served as the 14th [[Governor of the Reserve Bank of India]] (1977{{ndash}}1982). Also served as [[Chief Economic Advisor to the Government of India]] (1961{{ndash}}1963, 1965{{ndash}}1967).
|-
|-
|1991
|1991
Line 1,173: Line 911:
|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Andhra Pradesh
|Andhra Pradesh
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Freedom fighter, classical liberal, parliamentarian and farmers' leader. Founding President of the [[Swatantra Party]], served as a member of the [[Rajya Sabha]] (1952{{ndash}}1957, 1977{{ndash}}1980) and as member of the [[Lok Sabha]] (1957{{ndash}}1971, 1980{{ndash}}1991). Fought against both the colonial and socialist Indian state to ensure dignity for farmers.
|-
|-
|1991
|1991
Line 1,181: Line 917:
|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Police officer who held several postings in the Indian Police Services. Served as the first Director-General of [[Border Security Force]] (1965{{ndash}}1972). So far, the only police officer to receive the Padma Vibhushan.
|-
|-
|1991
|1991
Line 1,189: Line 923:
|Literature & Education
|Literature & Education
|Uttar Pradesh
|Uttar Pradesh
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Educationist and former member of the [[Lok Sabha]] (1971{{ndash}}1977). Also served as Vice-Chancellor of [[Kashi Vidyapith]] (1964{{ndash}}1971) and member of the [[National Commission on Labour]].
|-
|-
|1992
|1992
Line 1,197: Line 929:
|Social Work
|Social Work
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Independence activist, educator, political activist. Best known for hoisting the [[Indian flag]] in Bombay during the [[Quit India Movement]] in 1942. Elected as the first Mayor of [[Delhi]] in 1958. Later posthumously conferred with the [[Bharat Ratna]] in 1997.
|-
|-
|1992
|1992
Line 1,205: Line 935:
|Literature & Education
|Literature & Education
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Eminent scholar of [[Sanskrit]], [[Hindu Dharma]] and [[Marathi language|Marathi]] literary critic and supporter of Indian independence. Served as principal advisor to [[Mahatma Gandhi]] in his campaign against untouchability.
|-
|-
|1992
|1992
Line 1,213: Line 941:
|Arts
|Arts
|Karnataka
|Karnataka
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
[[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani classical singer]] who sang in the [[khyal]] genre and belonged to the [[Jaipur-Atrauli gharana]]. Well known for his command over a large number of rare ''(aprachalit)'' ragas, as well as his constant, mercurial improvisations in both melody and metre without ever losing the emotional content of the song.
|-
|-
|1992
|1992
Line 1,221: Line 947:
|Medicine
|Medicine
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Cardiologist and the first woman cardiologist in India and the first to establish a cardiac clinic and cardiac catheter lab in India. Served as Director of the National Heart Institute, Delhi, and the founder president of the All India Heart Foundation.
|-
|-
|1992
|1992
Line 1,229: Line 953:
|Arts
|Arts
|Telangana
|Telangana
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Poet, freedom fighter, anti-fascist and political activist, played important role in the freedom movement in [[Hyderabad State]] against the rule of the Nizam and committed to the promotion of human rights. Later, his birthday was designated as [[Telangana Language Day]] by the [[Government of Telangana]].
|-
|-
|1992
|1992
Line 1,237: Line 959:
|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Andhra Pradesh
|Andhra Pradesh
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Politician, peasant leader, philanthropist, social reformer, parliamentarian, and a founding member of the [[Communist Party of India]]. Played important role in [[Telangana Rebellion]] against the Nizam of Hyderabad. Renowned for fighting on behalf of the peasants and for his critical role in [[Andhra Mahasabha]] as its chairman in 1941. Also served as a member of [[Lok Sabha]] (1962{{ndash}}1967).
|-
|-
|1992
|1992
Line 1,245: Line 965:
|Arts
|Arts
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Filmmaker, film producer, screenwriter and actor known for his work in Hindi and Marathi films. Best known for films such as ''[[Dr. Kotnis Ki Amar Kahani]]'', ''[[Amar Bhoopali]]'', ''[[Jhanak Jhanak Payal Baaje]]'', ''[[Do Aankhen Barah Haath]]'', ''[[Navrang]]'', ''[[Duniya Na Mane]]'', ''[[Pinjara]]'', ''Chani'', ''Iye Marathiche Nagari'' and ''Zunj''.
|-
|-
|1992
|1992
Line 1,253: Line 971:
|Literature & Education
|Literature & Education
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Freedom fighter and led people of the [[Marathwada]] region to fight against the rule of the [[Nizam of Hyderabad]] during the [[Annexation of Hyderabad|1948 Hyderabad Campaign]] which ultimately resulted in the liberation of Marathwada region from Hyderabad State. Later served as the longest serving secretary and president of the Saraswati Bhuvan Education Society.
|-
|-
|1992
|1992
Line 1,261: Line 977:
|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Punjab
|Punjab
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Politician and longest-serving union cabinet minister. Held numerous important portfolios as cabinet minister including serving as the [[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Minister of External Affairs]] (1964–1966, 1970–1974) and as [[Minister of Defence (India)|Minister of Defence]] (1966–1970, 1974–1976).
|-
|-
|1992
|1992
Line 1,269: Line 983:
|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Parliamentarian for over four decades, elected nine times to the [[Lok Sabha]], twice to the [[Rajya Sabha]]. Served as the [[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Minister of External Affairs]] during 1977–79 and was awarded the "Best Parliamentarian Award" in 1994. Later served as the [[Prime Minister of India]] for three terms; 1996, 1998, 1999–2004.
|-
|-
|1993
|1993
!rowspan="5" colspan="5"| ''Awards suspended''
! colspan="4" rowspan="5" | ''Awards suspended''
|-
|-
|1994
|1994
Line 1,288: Line 1,000:
|Social Work
|Social Work
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
[[Gandhism|Gandhian]] and freedom fighter, remembered for organizing the [[Congress Radio]], an underground radio station which functioned during the Quit India Movement in 1942. Promoted Gandhian principles, thoughts and philosophy and also served as president of [[Gandhi Peace Foundation]], New Delhi.
|-
|-
|1998
|1998
Line 1,296: Line 1,006:
|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Noted lawyer and jurist. Being the lead counsel in notable cases such as ''[[Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala]]'', ''[[I.C. Golaknath and Ors. vs State of Punjab and Anrs.]]'', ''[[Minerva Mills v. Union of India]]'', garnered him international recognition and cemented his reputation as one of India’s most eminent advocates. Also served as [[List of ambassadors of India to the United States|Indian Ambassador to the United States]] (1977{{ndash}}1979).
|-
|-
|1998
|1998
Line 1,304: Line 1,012:
|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Uttar Pradesh
|Uttar Pradesh
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Revolutionary of the Indian independence movement, an officer of the [[Indian National Army]], served as Minister of Women's Affairs in [[Azad Hind government]]. Later represented the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] as a member of the [[Rajya Sabha]] and played important role in organizing relief camps and medical aid in Calcutta for refugees who streamed into India from Bangladesh during the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]].
|-
|-
|1998
|1998
Line 1,312: Line 1,018:
|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|South Africa
|South Africa
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
South African anti-apartheid activist and member of the [[African National Congress]]. Played important role in the fight against apartheid and also served as Deputy Secretary-General of African National Congress (1991{{ndash}}1994).
|-
|-
|1999
|1999
Line 1,320: Line 1,024:
|Social Work
|Social Work
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Activist, philosopher, spiritual leader, social revolutionary, and religion reformist, and founder of the [[Swadhyaya Parivar]] in 1954, through which he promoted the philosophy of original Vedic Dharma and the self-study of the [[Bhagvad Gita]]. Also widely referred to as Dada or Dadaji.
|-
|-
|1999
|1999
Line 1,328: Line 1,030:
|Science & Engineering
|Science & Engineering
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Physicist, well known for his integral role in [[India and weapons of mass destruction|India's nuclear weapons program]] and his coordination in test preparation for the ''[[Pokhran-I]]'' (1975) and ''[[Pokhran-II]]'' (1998). Served as Chairman of the [[Atomic Energy Commission of India]] (1993{{ndash}}2000) and as [[Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India]] (2002{{ndash}}2018).
|-
|-
|1999
|1999
Line 1,336: Line 1,036:
|Social Work
|Social Work
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Social reformer and politician who worked in the fields of education, health, and rural self-reliance. Leader of the [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]], he served as a member of the [[Lok Sabha]] (1977{{ndash}}1979) and member of the [[Rajya Sabha]] (1999{{ndash}}2005). Later conferred the [[Bharat Ratna]] posthumously in 2019.
|-
|-
|1999
|1999
Line 1,344: Line 1,042:
|Literature & Education
|Literature & Education
|Tamil Nadu
|Tamil Nadu
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Historian and former Chairman of the [[National Book Trust]]. Notable authored books include ''Radhakrishnan: A Biography'' and ''Jawaharlal Nehru: A Biography.''
|-
|-
|1999
|1999
Line 1,352: Line 1,048:
|Arts
|Arts
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Painter, sculptor, muralist and writer.
|-
|-
|1999
|1999
Line 1,360: Line 1,054:
|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Kerala
|Kerala
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Judge and pioneer of judicial activism and [[legal aid]] movement in India. Best known for being an ardent human rights activist and for his notable judgements. Served as a judge of the [[Supreme Court of India]] (1973{{ndash}}1980) and member of the [[Law Commission of India]] (1971{{ndash}}1973).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/his-judgments-humanised-law/article6589569.ece|title=His judgments 'humanised' law|newspaper=The Hindu|date=12 November 2014|access-date=16 November 2015|location=Kochi|author=Gopakumar, K. C.|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180406100917/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/his-judgments-humanised-law/article6589569.ece|archive-date=6 April 2018}}</ref>
|-
|-
|1999
|1999
Line 1,368: Line 1,060:
|Arts
|Arts
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
[[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani classical vocalist]] belonging to the [[Kirana gharana]]. Widely known for the ''[[Khyal]]'' genre of singing with a "mastery over rhythm and accurate notes". Later conferred the [[Bharat Ratna]] in 2009.
|-
|-
|1999
|1999
Line 1,376: Line 1,066:
|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Judge, jurist and advocate best known for propounding the [[basic structure doctrine]] in 1973 and for his attempts in upholding civil liberties during the [[The Emergency (India)|Emergency]] in a lone dissenting judgement in 1976. Served as a judge of the [[Supreme Court of India]] (1971{{ndash}}1977) and briefly acted as the [[Minister of Law and Justice]] in 1979.
|-
|-
|1999
|1999
Line 1,384: Line 1,072:
|Science & Technology
|Science & Technology
|Gujarat
|Gujarat
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Known as the "Father of the [[White Revolution]]" in India, best known for his "billion-litre idea", Operation Flood, which made dairy farming India's largest self-sustaining industry and the largest rural employment sector providing a third of all rural income. Pioneered the [[Amul|Anand]] model of dairy cooperatives and replicated it nationwide, based on various "top-down" and "bottom-up" approaches, where no milk from a farmer was refused and 70–80% of the price by consumers was paid in cash to dairy farmers who controlled the marketing, procurement, and processing of milk and milk products as the dairy's owners.
|-
|-
|1999
|1999
Line 1,392: Line 1,078:
|Arts
|Arts
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Playback singer and occasional music composer. Considered to be the most celebrated singer in independent India and one of its most influential artists. Her contribution to the Indian music industry in a career spanning eight decades gained her honorific titles such as the "Queen of Melody", "Nightingale of India", and "Voice of the Millennium". Later conferred the [[Bharat Ratna]] in 2001 and served as a nominated member of the [[Rajya Sabha]] (1999{{ndash}}2005).
|-
|-
|1999
|1999
Line 1,400: Line 1,084:
|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|Himachal Pradesh
|Himachal Pradesh
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Diplomat and administrator. Held numerous diplomatic postings including serving as [[List of ambassadors of India to the United States|Ambassador to the United States]] (1961{{ndash}}1968) and as [[List of High Commissioners of India to the United Kingdom|High Commissioner to the United Kingdom]] (1973{{ndash}}1977). Also served as the [[Governor of Assam]], [[Governor of Meghalaya|Meghalaya]], [[Governor of Manipur|Manipur]] and [[Governor of Nagaland|Nagaland]] (1968{{ndash}}1973), as [[Governor of Jammu and Kashmir]] (1981{{ndash}}1984) and as [[Governor of Gujarat]] (1984{{ndash}}1986).
|-
|-
|1999
|1999
Line 1,408: Line 1,090:
|Arts
|Arts
|Tamil Nadu
|Tamil Nadu
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
[[Carnatic music]]ian and playback singer for film songs in [[Tamil language|Tamil]]. Known for her evolutionary trends in Carnatic music being the first Brahmin woman to have performed this genre of music publicly. Along with her contemporaries [[M. S. Subbulakshmi]] and [[M. L. Vasanthakumari]], they are popularly referred to as the female trinity of [[Carnatic Music]].
|-
|-
|1999
|1999
Line 1,416: Line 1,096:
|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Civil servant with a long and distinguished career in the civil service serving on posts including Chief Secretary to the [[Government of Bihar]] and [[Home Secretary (India)|Union Home Secretary]]. Later also served as [[Governor of Assam]], [[Governor of Manipur|Manipur]] [[Governor of Nagaland|Nagaland]], and [[Governor of Tripura|Tripura]] in the 1970s and 1980s.
|-
|-
|1999
|1999
Line 1,424: Line 1,102:
|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Civil servant, non-career diplomat, administrator who served as Ambassador of [[Czechoslovakia]] (1954{{ndash}}1956), as [[Lieutenant Governor of Delhi|Chief Commissioner of Delhi]] (1963{{ndash}}1964) and as the eighth [[Cabinet Secretary (India)|Cabinet Secretary of India]] (1964{{ndash}}1966). Upon retirement, served as [[Governor of Punjab (India)|Governor of Punjab]] and [[Governor of Haryana|Haryana]] (1966{{ndash}}1967), [[Governor of West Bengal]] (1967{{ndash}}1969) and as [[Governor of Karnataka]] (1969{{ndash}}1972).
|-id="2000"
|-id="2000"
|2000
|2000
Line 1,432: Line 1,108:
|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Politician belonging to the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] who served as union cabinet minister holding various portfolios including [[Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs|Works, Housing, Supply and Rehabilitation]] (1977{{ndash}}1979), [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|External Affairs]] (1996), [[Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)|Industry]] (1998{{ndash}}1999). Also served as [[Leader of the Opposition (Rajya Sabha)|Leader of Opposition]] in the [[Rajya Sabha]] on two occasions and as the [[Governor of Kerala]] (2002{{ndash}}2004).
|-
|-
|2000
|2000
Line 1,440: Line 1,114:
|Literature & Education
|Literature & Education
|United States
|United States
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Indian-born naturalized American economist and one of the most influential trade theorists of his generation. Best known for his significant contributions to international [[trade theory]] and economic development. Widely regarded as the intellectual father of the [[Economic liberalisation in India|Indian economic reforms of 1991]].
|-
|-
|2000
|2000
Line 1,448: Line 1,120:
|Arts
|Arts
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Music director and classical flautist, who plays the [[bansuri]] in the [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani classical tradition]].
|-
|-
|2000
|2000
Line 1,456: Line 1,126:
|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Retired bureaucrat, politician and writer who served as the [[Chief Election Commissioner of India]] between 1996 and 2001. Upon retirement, joined politics and served as member of the [[Rajya Sabha]] and as [[Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports|Union Cabinet Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports]] (2008{{ndash}}2011) and [[Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation|Minister of Statistics and Programme Implementation]] (2011).
|-
|-
|2000
|2000
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|Science & Engineering
|Science & Engineering
|Karnataka
|Karnataka
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Space scientist who served as Chairman of [[Indian Space Research Organization]] (1994{{ndash}}2003) overseeing the development of new generation spacecraft, the [[Indian National Satellite System]] (INSAT-2), the [[Indian Remote Sensing Programme|Indian remote sensing satellites]] (IRS-1A and -1B) as well as [[scientific satellites]]. He was also the project director for India's first two experimental earth observation satellites, ''Bhaskara-I'' and ''Bhaskara-II''.
|-
|-
|2000
|2000
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|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Eminent and highly respected civil servant who served [[Defence Secretary (India)|Principal Defence Secretary]] during the [[Indo-Pakistan War of 1971]]. Also served as Union Commerce Secretary and Ambassador to the [[European Economic Community|European Common Market]].
|-
|-
|2000
|2000
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|Arts
|Arts
|Odisha
|Odisha
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Legendary [[Indian classical dance]]r, guru and exponent of [[Odissi dance]], who is credited with the revival and popularizing of this classical dance form in the 20th century.
|-
|-
|2000
|2000
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|Arts
|Arts
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
[[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani classical vocalist]] belonging to the ''[[Mewati gharana]]''. With a career spanning over 75 years, his legacy includes memorable performances of classical and semi-classical vocal music, classical and devotional music, albums and film soundtracks, innovations in various genres including ''Haveli Sangeeth'' and popularizing the ''Mewati Gharana''.
|-
|-
|2000
|2000
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|Trade & Industry
|Trade & Industry
|Andhra Pradesh
|Andhra Pradesh
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Banker who served as the thirteenth [[Governor of the Reserve Bank of India]] in 1977. For his contributions to the banking and financial sector in India, he is often referred to as the "father of banking reforms in India". Some of the reforms attributed to his recommendations include changes to banking structures, introduction of private sector banks, creation of asset recovery funds, rural banking, modernization of public sector banks, and capital market linked banking reforms.
|-
|-
|2000
|2000
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|Literature & Education
|Literature & Education
|Tamil Nadu
|Tamil Nadu
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Writer and novelist known for his work set in the fictional South Indian town of [[Malgudi]]. One of the leading author of early [[Indian literature in English]] along with [[Mulk Raj Anand]] and [[Raja Rao]].
|-
|-
|2000
|2000
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|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|Uttar Pradesh
|Uttar Pradesh
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Civil servant who served as the [[Cabinet Secretary of India|Cabinet Secretary]] (1973{{ndash}}1977). Upon retirement, served as [[Governor of West Bengal]] (1981{{ndash}}1983) and then as [[Governor of Punjab (India)|Governor of Punjab]] and [[Administrator of Chandigarh]] (1983{{ndash}}1984)
|-
|-
|2000
|2000
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|Literature & Education
|Literature & Education
|Kerala
|Kerala
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Economist, best known for his role in India's planned development, drafting sections of India's first [[Five-Year Plans of India|Five-Year Plan]], specifically the introductory chapter. Computed India's [[Balance of Payments]] for the first time for the [[Reserve Bank of India]]. Also served as advisor to several prime ministers from [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] to [[P.V. Narasimha Rao]].
|-
|-
|2000
|2000
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|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Economist, civil servant and former member of the [[Planning Commission of India]]. Served as first Private Secretary to Prime Minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] and as Deputy Executive Director (Planning) for [[UNICEF]] (1973{{ndash}}1977).
|-
|-
|2001
|2001
Line 1,536: Line 1,186:
|Literature & Education
|Literature & Education
|United States
|United States
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Canadian-American economist, diplomat, public official, and intellectual. Served as [[List of ambassadors of the United States to India|United States Ambassador to India]] (1961{{ndash}}1963) during the period of the [[Sino-Indian War]] and played important role in strengthening ties between India and the United States.
|-
|-
|2001
|2001
Line 1,544: Line 1,192:
|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|United States
|United States
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
American politician and [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] member of the [[United States House of Representatives]] (1973{{ndash}}2003). Served as the Chair of the [[United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs|House Committee on Foreign Affairs]] (1995{{ndash}}2001) and advocated for stronger ties with India and contributed to the strengthening of ties between India and the United States.
|-
|-
|2001
|2001
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|Arts
|Arts
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
[[Hindustani classical music|Indian classical]] [[sarod]] player, best known for his clear and fast ekhara [[taan]]s.
|-
|-
|2001
|2001
Line 1,560: Line 1,204:
|Arts
|Arts
|United States
|United States
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Indian-American conductor of Western classical music and music director emeritus of [[Israel Philharmonic Orchestra]] and conductor emeritus of [[Los Angeles Philharmonic]].
|-
|-
|2001
|2001
Line 1,568: Line 1,210:
|Arts
|Arts
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Film director, editor and writer and is regarded as one of the greatest filmmakers of [[Indian cinema]]. Popularly known as ''Hrishi-da'', he directed 42 films during his career spanning over four decades, and is named the pioneer of the 'middle cinema' of India. Renowned for his [[social film]]s that reflected the changing middle-class ethos, he "carved a middle path between the extravagance of mainstream cinema and the stark realism of art cinema".
|-
|-
|2001
|2001
Line 1,576: Line 1,216:
|Literature & Education
|Literature & Education
|Andhra Pradesh
|Andhra Pradesh
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Philosopher and professor, served as Professor of Philosophy at [[Andhra University]] and Vice-Chancellor of [[Sri Venkateswara University]]. Specialized in Buddhist philosophy and contributed extensively to [[Mahayana Buddhism]] and his treatise on the teachings of Nagarjuna is well acclaimed.
|-
|-
|2001
|2001
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|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|Tamil Nadu
|Tamil Nadu
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Civil servant and former [[Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations]].
|-
|-
|2001
|2001
Line 1,592: Line 1,228:
|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Japan
|Japan
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Japanese politician of the [[People's New Party]] and a former member of the [[House of Representatives (Japan)|House of Representatives]]. Served as [[Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (Japan)|Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries]] (1995{{ndash}}1996) and as [[Minister of Defense (Japan)|Director-General of the Japan Defense Agency]] (1998{{ndash}}1999).
|-
|-
|2001
|2001
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|Science & Engineering
|Science & Engineering
|United States
|United States
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Indian-American mathematician and statistician, best known for his discoveries which include [[Cramér–Rao bound]] and the [[Rao–Blackwell theorem]] both related to the quality of estimators. Other works and contributions include [[multivariate analysis]], [[estimation theory]], and [[differential geometry]], the Fisher–Rao theorem, Rao distance, and orthogonal arrays.
|-
|-
|2001
|2001
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|Science & Engineering
|Science & Engineering
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Chemical engineer known for his contributions to chemical engineering science and technology. His studies on Bronsted based catalysis in CO2 hydration and subsequently kinetics of COS absorption in aqueous amines and alkanolamines brought out linear free energy relationship between CO2 and COS absorption in solutions of amines and alkanolamines. Later, served as Director of [[Institute of Chemical Technology]].
|-
|-
|2001
|2001
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|Arts
|Arts
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Indian classical musician and [[santoor]] player who is credited with adapting the santoor for [[Indian classical music]]. Best known for his compositions in collaboration with flautist [[Hariprasad Chaurasia]] under the collaborative name [[Shiv–Hari]] and composed music for such hit Indian films.
|-
|-
|2002
|2002
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|Arts
|Arts
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
[[Indian classical music|Classical vocalist]], belonging to the [[Jaipur gharana]]. Considered to be one of the foremost classical singers in India. Widely known for her performances of the classical genre ''[[khyal]]'' and the light classical genres ''[[thumri]]'' and ''[[bhajan]]''.
|-
|-
|2002
|2002
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|Arts
|Arts
|Karnataka
|Karnataka
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Singer of the ''[[khayal]]'' genre of [[Hindustani classical music]], who was known for her deep and powerful voice. She belonged to the ''[[Kirana gharana]]''.
|-
|-
|2002
|2002
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|Arts
|Arts
|Uttar Pradesh
|Uttar Pradesh
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
[[Tabla]] player belonging to the [[Benaras gharana]] of [[Hindustani classical music]], remembered for his ability to play cross-rhythms and produce complex calculations, particularly in ''[[tihai]]'' patterns. Known as an excellent accompanist, he was extremely versatile and capable of playing with any accompaniment, be it with the [[Sitar]], [[Sarod]], [[Dhrupad]], [[Dhamar (music)|Dhamar]] or even dance.
|-
|-
|2002
|2002
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|Literature & Education
|Literature & Education
|Tamil Nadu
|Tamil Nadu
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Eminent economist, administrator and former member of parliament. Served as the 19th [[List of governors of the Reserve Bank of India|Governor of the Reserve Bank of India]] (1992{{ndash}}1997), then as [[Governor of Andhra Pradesh]] (1997{{ndash}}2003). Also served as the Chairman of the [[Economic Advisory Council|Prime Minister's Economic Advisory Council]] twice from 2005 till 2008 and again from 2009 until 2014.
|-
|-
|2002
|2002
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|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Eminent jurist who served as the [[Attorney General of India]] on two occasions (1989{{ndash}}1990, 1998{{ndash}}2004) and previously as the [[Solicitor General of India]] (1977{{ndash}}1980). Best known for his defence of the freedom of expression and the protection of human rights.
|-
|-
|2003
|2003
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|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|West Bengal
|West Bengal
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Politician who served as the first Prime Minister of Sikkim (1974{{ndash}}1975) and following the state's union with India, he became the first [[Chief Minister of Sikkim]] (1975{{ndash}}1979). Formed the Sikkim Council with the aim to promote "communal harmony".
|-
|-
|2003
|2003
Line 1,672: Line 1,288:
|Arts
|Arts
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
[[Indian classical dance|Classical dancer]] and guru in [[Bharatanatyam]] and [[Odissi dance]]. Later also served as a nominated member of the [[Rajya Sabha]] (2016{{ndash}}2022).
|-
|-
|2003
|2003
Line 1,680: Line 1,294:
|Literature & Education
|Literature & Education
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Writer and pre-eminent biographer of [[Mahatma Gandhi]]. Served as the first Director of [[Prime Ministers’ Museum and Library|Nehru Museum and Library Society]].
|-
|-
|2003
|2003
Line 1,688: Line 1,300:
|Medicine
|Medicine
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Noted Vaidya and [[Ayurveda]] practitioner and an expert in [[Pulse diagnosis]]. Worked towards standardization of Ayurvedic medicines, certifications at the Ayurvedic colleges of India. Also served as personal physician to the [[President of India]].
|-
|-
|2004
|2004
Line 1,696: Line 1,306:
|Science & Engineering
|Science & Engineering
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
[[Astrophysicist]] and emeritus professor at the [[Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics]]. Along with [[Sir Fred Hoyle]], he developed the conformal gravity theory known as [[Hoyle-Narlikar theory]] which synthesises [[Albert Einstein]]'s [[theory of relativity]] and [[Mach's principle]] and proposes that the inertial mass of a particle is a function of the masses of all other particles, multiplied by a coupling constant, which is a function of cosmic epoch.
|-
|-
|2004
|2004
Line 1,704: Line 1,312:
|Literature & Education
|Literature & Education
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Novelist, essayist and poet, who wrote in [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and [[Hindi]]. A prominent figure in Punjabi literature, her body of work comprised over 100 books of poetry, fiction, biographies, essays, a collection of Punjabi folk songs and an autobiography that were all translated into several Indian and foreign languages. Best remembered for her poignant poem, ''[[Ajj aakhaan Waris Shah nu]]'' to express her anguish over massacres during the [[partition of India]]. Her magnum opus, ''Sunehade'' won her the 1956 [[Sahitya Akademi Award]], making her the first and the only woman to have been given the award for a work in Punjabi.
|-
|-
|2004
|2004
Line 1,712: Line 1,318:
|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Karnataka
|Karnataka
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Eminent judge and former [[Chief Justice of India]] (1993{{ndash}}1994). Post-retirement, continued to work on anti-corruption and human rights issues and also served as Chairman of the [[National Human Rights Commission of India|National Human Rights Commission]] (1996{{ndash}}1998).
|-
|-
|2005
|2005
Line 1,720: Line 1,324:
|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Eminent jurist who served as the [[Solicitor General of India]] (1986{{ndash}}1989) and then as the [[Attorney General of India]] on two occasions, 1992{{ndash}}1996 and 2004{{ndash}}2009.
|-
|-
|2005
|2005
Line 1,728: Line 1,330:
|Social Work
|Social Work
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Politician, lawyer, social worker, and environmentalist. Served as member of [[Rajya Sabha]] and [[Lok Sabha]] and as [[Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)|Union Minister of Commerce]] (1977{{ndash}}1979) and as [[Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission]] (1990{{ndash}}1991).
|-
|-
|2005
|2005
Line 1,736: Line 1,336:
|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Diplomat who held various postings including serving as first Deputy High Commissioner in Bangladesh after its liberation, Ambassador in Chile, Mexico (1985{{ndash}}1989); Ambassador to Japan, Afghanistan; [[List of High Commissioners of India to Pakistan|High Commissioner to Pakistan]] (1989{{ndash}}1991). Also served as [[Foreign Secretary (India)|Union Foreign Secretary]] (1991{{ndash}}1994) and [[National Security Advisor (India)|National Security Advisor]] from 2004 till his death in 2005.
|-
|-
|2005
|2005
Line 1,744: Line 1,342:
|Medicine
|Medicine
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Eminent cardiologist and medical educationist. Served as honorary dean and chief cardiologist at the Bombay Hospital Institute of Medical Sciences, and as former Director-Professor of cardiology of JJ Group of Hospitals and Grant Medical College.
|-
|-
|2005
|2005
Line 1,752: Line 1,348:
|Arts
|Arts
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Cartoonist, illustrator, and humorist. Best known for his creation ''[[The Common Man]]'' and for his daily cartoon strip, ''[[You Said It]]'' in [[The Times of India]].
|-
|-
|2005
|2005
Line 1,760: Line 1,354:
|Arts
|Arts
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Musician who popularised the bowed instrument [[sarangi]] as a solo concert instrument in [[Hindustani classical music]] and became the first internationally successful sarangi player. Became a concert solo artist in 1956 and has since performed at the major music festivals of India.
|-
|-
|2005
|2005
Line 1,768: Line 1,360:
|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Politician and philosopher, reigned as the prince-regent of [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] until 1952. Thereupon, became the ''[[Sardar|Sadr-e-Riyasat]]'' of Jammu and Kashmir (1952{{ndash}}1965) and as [[Governor of Jammu and Kashmir]] (1965{{ndash}}1967). Elected to the [[Lok Sabha]] and [[Rajya Sabha]] on numerous occasions, and served as a union cabinet minister holding numerous portfolios including [[Minister of Education (India)|Education]], [[Ministry of Culture (India)|Culture]], [[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (India)|Health and Family Planning]], etc. Also served as [[List of ambassadors of India to the United States|Indian Ambassador to the United States]] (1989{{ndash}}1990) and chancellor of various central universities.
|-
|-
|2005
|2005
Line 1,776: Line 1,366:
|Medicine
|Medicine
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Cardiac surgeon, known for contributions to health technology in India including the development of prosthetic valve. Served as President of the Indian National Science Academy and National Research Professor of the Government of India.
|-
|-
|2006
|2006
Line 1,784: Line 1,372:
|Science & Engineering
|Science & Engineering
|United States
|United States
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Agronomist who led initiatives worldwide that contributed to the extensive increases in agricultural production termed the [[Green Revolution]]. Took up an agricultural research position and developed semi-dwarf, high-yield, disease-resistant wheat varieties and introduced these high-yielding varieties combined with modern agricultural production techniques to Mexico, Pakistan, and India. This contributed in increase of the wheat yields in the countries, greatly improving the food security in those nations. Often called the "Father of the Green Revolution", is credited with saving over a billion people worldwide from starvation.
|-
|-
|2006
|2006
Line 1,792: Line 1,378:
|Science & Engineering
|Science & Engineering
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Architect and [[urban planner]]. Credited with the creation of modern architecture in post-Independent India, he was celebrated for his sensitivity to the needs of the urban poor and for his use of traditional methods and materials.
|-
|-
|2006
|2006
Line 1,800: Line 1,384:
|Social Work
|Social Work
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Noted social activist who had embraced [[Mahatma Gandhi|Gandhi]] and philosophy. She devoted her adult life to the promotion of communal harmony and service to women, tribal people, and the dispossessed in India.
|-
|-
|2006
|2006
Line 1,808: Line 1,390:
|Literature & Education
|Literature & Education
|West Bengal
|West Bengal
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Writer in [[Bengali language]] and activist. Notable literary works include ''[[Hajar Churashir Maa]]'', ''Rudali'', and ''[[Aranyer Adhikar]]''. She was a leftist who worked for the rights and empowerment of the [[tribal people]] (Lodha and Shabar) of [[West Bengal]], [[Bihar]], [[Madhya Pradesh]] and [[Chhattisgarh]] states.
|-
|-
|2006
|2006
Line 1,816: Line 1,396:
|Arts
|Arts
|Kerala
|Kerala
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Film director, script writer, and producer and is regarded as one of the most notable and renowned filmmakers in India. Pioneered the new wave in [[Malayalam cinema]] during the 1970s. In a career spanning over five decades, he made only 12 feature films to date and his films are made in the [[Malayalam language]] and often depict the society and culture of his native state [[Kerala]]. Along with [[Satyajit Ray]] and [[Mrinal Sen]], he is one of the most recognized Indian film directors in world cinema.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/09/06/stories/2005090606830700.htm|title=Adoor selected for Phalke award|date=6 September 2005|access-date=22 May 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140505174552/http://www.hindu.com/2005/09/06/stories/2005090606830700.htm|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=5 May 2014}}
* {{cite web|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/adoor-gopalakrishnan-gajendra-chauhan-a-simpleton-should-quit-780211|title=Adoor Gopalakrishnan: Gajendra Chauhan a Simpleton, Should Quit|date=10 July 2015|access-date=15 November 2015|publisher=NDTV Movies|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117023405/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/adoor-gopalakrishnan-gajendra-chauhan-a-simpleton-should-quit-780211|archive-date=17 November 2015}}</ref>
|-
|-
|2006
|2006
Line 1,825: Line 1,402:
|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Uttar Pradesh
|Uttar Pradesh
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Eminent judge who served as the 33rd [[Chief Justice of India]] (2002{{ndash}}2004).
|-
|-
|2006
|2006
Line 1,833: Line 1,408:
|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|Tamil Nadu
|Tamil Nadu
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Civil servant who served as 15th [[Cabinet Secretary of India]] (1981{{ndash}}1985) and former Secretary to the [[Prime Minister of India]].
|-
|-
|2006
|2006
Line 1,841: Line 1,414:
|Science & Engineering
|Science & Engineering
|Karnataka
|Karnataka
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
National Research Professor and the Founder-Director of the [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]] and [[National Center for Biological Sciences]]. Made seminal contributions to the field of behavioural neurogenetics using the [[genetics]] and [[neurobiology]] of [[Drosophila]]. His work in neurogenetics led to the foundational advances in understanding how taste and smell are detected and encoded in the brain.
|-
|-
|2006
|2006
Line 1,849: Line 1,420:
|Medicine
|Medicine
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Eminent [[Neuroscientist]] and neurosurgeon.
|-
|-
|2007
|2007
Line 1,857: Line 1,426:
|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Eminent judge and former [[Chief Justice of India]] (1985{{ndash}}1986). Best known for introducing the concepts of [[public interest litigation]] and [[absolute liability]] in India.
|-
|-
|2007
|2007
Line 1,865: Line 1,432:
|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Civil servant who served as the [[Defence Secretary (India)|Union Defence Secretary]], [[Home Secretary (India)|Union Home Secretary]] and as [[Cabinet Secretary of India]]. Upon retirement from service, he served as [[Governor of Gujarat]] (1995{{ndash}}1996) and as [[List of ambassadors of India to the United States|Ambassador to the United States]] (1996{{ndash}}2001).
|-
|-
|2007
|2007
Line 1,873: Line 1,438:
|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Tamil Nadu
|Tamil Nadu
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Economist and founding chairman of [[Madras School of Economics]]. Worked in several state and central government financial institutions in India and was considered a public finance expert in India, instrumental in bringing about the early reforms to the direct taxation structure. Often referred to as the "Father of Tax Reforms".
|-
|-
|2007
|2007
Line 1,881: Line 1,444:
|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Civil servant known as the "father of public sector undertakings in India" for his leadership and successful contribution in turning around [[Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited]], [[Maruti Udyog Limited]], [[Steel Authority of India Limited]], and [[GAIL (India) Limited]] into the most profit making industry in India and globally. Served as the Chairman of the National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council and member of the [[National Advisory Council]] and [[Planning Commission of India]].
|-
|-
|2007
|2007
Line 1,889: Line 1,450:
|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Eminent jurist and senior advocate of the [[Supreme Court of India]] and former President of the Bar Association. One of the internationally recognized jurists on [[international arbitration]] and one of the most distinguished constitutional lawyers in India. Served as [[Additional Solicitor General of India]] (1972{{ndash}}1975) and a nominated mmeber of the [[Rajya Sabha]] (1999{{ndash}}2005).
|-
|-
|2007
|2007
Line 1,897: Line 1,456:
|Literature & Education
|Literature & Education
|United States
|United States
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Indian-American writer of English-language novels and short stories, whose works are deeply rooted in [[metaphysics]]. ''[[The Serpent and the Rope]]'' (1960), a semi-autobiographical novel recounting a search for spiritual truth in Europe and India, established him as one of the finest Indian prose stylists. His wide-ranging body of work, spanning a number of genres, is seen as a varied and significant contribution to Indian English literature, as well as World literature as a whole.
|-
|-
|2007
|2007
Line 1,905: Line 1,462:
|Medicine
|Medicine
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Professor, scientist and orthopedic surgeon known for his efforts to establish an artificial limbs manufacturing corporation and a rehabilitation institute. Served as Director of [[World Health Organization]] and Chairman of the National Rehabilitation Centre.
|-
|-
|2007
|2007
Line 1,913: Line 1,468:
|Literature & Education
|Literature & Education
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Author, lawyer, diplomat, journalist and politician. Best known for his novel, ''[[Train to Pakistan]]'' (1956) which described his experience in the 1947 [[Partition of India]]. As a writer, he was best known for his trenchant secularism, humour, sarcasm and an abiding love of poetry. His comparisons of social and behavioural characteristics of Westerners and Indians are laced with acid wit. Served as a member of the [[Rajya Sabha]] (1980{{ndash}}1986). Initially conferred the [[Padma Bhushan]] in 1974 which he returned in protest against of [[Operation Blue Star]] in 1984.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-india-s-very-own-literary-genius-khushwant-singh-passes-away-read-his-story-1970779|title=India's very own literary genius Khushwant Singh passes away, read his story|date=20 March 2014|access-date=15 November 2015|location=Mumbai|newspaper=Daily News Analysis|author=Subramonian, Surabhi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924232434/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-india-s-very-own-literary-genius-khushwant-singh-passes-away-read-his-story-1970779|archive-date=24 September 2015}}</ref>
|-
|-
|2007
|2007
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|Science & Engineering
|Science & Engineering
|United States
|United States
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Indian-American theoretical physicist credited with numerous contributions to the field of theoretical physics, including [[Glauber–Sudarshan P representation]], [[V-A theory]], [[tachyons]], [[quantum Zeno effect]], [[open quantum system]] and [[Lindbladian|quantum master equations]], [[spin–statistics theorem]], non-invariance groups, positive maps of density matrices, and quantum computation.
|-
|-
|2007
|2007
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|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|Haryana
|Haryana
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Civil servant and administrator, who served as Union Defence Production Secretary, [[Defence Secretary (India)|Defence Secretary]] (1990{{ndash}}1993), [[Home Secretary (India)|Home Secretary]] (1993{{ndash}}1994) and [[Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister of India|Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister]] (1997{{ndash}}1998). Upon retirement from service, he served as the government's interlocutor for Jammu and Kashmir and then as [[Governor of Jammu and Kashmir]] (2008{{ndash}}2018).
|-
|-
|2008
|2008
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|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Uttar Pradesh
|Uttar Pradesh
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Eminent judge who served as 29th [[Chief Justice of India]] (1998{{ndash}}2001) and his landmark judgments have revealed his commitment to human rights and justice. Upon retirement, he served as Chairman of [[National Human Rights Commission of India|National Human Rights Commission]] (2003{{ndash}}2006).
|-
|-
|2008
|2008
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|Sports
|Sports
|Tamil Nadu
|Tamil Nadu
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
[[Grandmaster (chess)|Chess grandmaster]], former five-time [[World Chess Champion]] and the first grandmaster from India. Known for his rapid playing speed as a child, he earned the sobriquet "Lightning Kid" during his early career in the 1980s and has since developed into a universal player, and many consider him the greatest rapid chess player of his generation. First sportsperson to receive the Padma Vibhushan.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://sports.ndtv.com/chess/news/217314-who-is-viswanathan-anand|title=Why is Viswanathan Anand a chess legend?|date=22 November 2013|access-date=15 November 2015|publisher=NDTVSports|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117032620/http://sports.ndtv.com/chess/news/217314-who-is-viswanathan-anand|archive-date=17 November 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
|-
|2008
|2008
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|Arts
|Arts
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Playback singer, entrepreneur, actress and television personality who predominantly works in [[Indian cinema]]. Known for her versatility, she has been described in the media as one of the most influential and successful singers in [[Hindi cinema]]. Renowned for her soprano voice range and often credited for her versatility, Bhosle's work includes [[film music]], pop, [[ghazals]], [[bhajan]]s, traditional [[Indian classical music]], [[folk song]]s, [[qawwali]]s, and [[Rabindra Sangeet]]. The [[Guinness Book of World Records]] acknowledged her in 2011 as the most recorded artist in music history.
|-
|-
|2008
|2008
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|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Economist and served as Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]] (1973{{ndash}}1977) and [[United Nations]] Assistant Secretary-General (Research and Policy Analysis) from 1978 till 1986.
|-
|-
|2008
|2008
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|Sports
|Sports
|New Zealand
|New Zealand
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
New Zealand [[mountaineer]], explorer, and philanthropist who along with Sherpa mountaineer [[Tenzing Norgay]] became the first climbers confirmed to have reached the summit of [[Mount Everest]] on 29 May 1953. Later served as [[List of High Commissioners of New Zealand to India|High Commissioner to India and Bangladesh]] and concurrently as Ambassador to Nepal from 1985 till 1988.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,991255,00.html|title=The Conquerors Hillary & Tenzing|magazine=Time|author=Morris, Jan|date=14 June 1999|access-date=25 September 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150921083248/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,991255,00.html|archive-date=21 September 2015}}</ref>
|-
|-
|2008
|2008
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|Trade & Industry
|Trade & Industry
|United Kingdom
|United Kingdom
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Indian steel [[magnate]] based in the [[United Kingdom]] who is the Executive Chairman of [[ArcelorMittal]], the world's second largest steelmaking company, as well as chairman of stainless steel manufacturer [[Aperam]].
|-
|-
|2008
|2008
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|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Politician and statesman with a political career spanning over five decades serving as member of both [[Parliament of India|houses of parliament]], and holding various portfolios in the [[Government of India]] including serving as [[Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)|Minister of Commerce and Industry]], [[Minister of Finance (India)|Minister of Finance]], [[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Minister of External Affairs]] and [[Minister of Defence (India)|Minister of Defence]] and as [[Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission]]. Elected as the 13th [[President of India]] in 2012 and served till 2017. Later also conferred with the [[Bharat Ratna]] in 2019.
|-
|-
|2008
|2008
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|Trade & Industry
|Trade & Industry
|Karnataka
|Karnataka
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Billionaire businessman and one of the co-founder of [[Infosys]] and served as its chairman, chief executive officer and currently serving as its chairman emeritus. Listed as one of the 12 greatest entrepreneurs of our time by ''[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]'' magazine and has been described as the "father of the Indian IT sector" by [[Time (magazine)|''Time'']] magazine and ''[[CNBC]]'' for his contribution to outsourcing in India.
|-
|-
|2008
|2008
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|Trade & Industry
|Trade & Industry
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Business magnate and executive chairman of The Oberoi Group, a chain of luxury hotels. In 2010, he was recognised as the “Corporate Hotelier of the World” by Hotels magazine.
|-
|-
|2008
|2008
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|Science & Engineering
|Science & Engineering
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Environmentalist who served as the chairman of the [[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]] from 2002 till 2015 and under his leadership, the institution was conferred the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] in 2007. Universally, known as Patchy, he was internationally recognized as a voice on environmental and policy issues, and his leadership of the IPCC contributed to the issue of human-caused climate change becoming recognized as a matter of vital global concern.
|-
|-
|2008
|2008
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|Science & Engineering
|Science & Engineering
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Engineer and politician. Popularly known as ''Metro Man'', he is credited with changing the face of public transport in India with his leadership in building the [[Konkan Railway]] and the [[Delhi Metro]] while he served as the managing director of [[Delhi Metro Rail Corporation]] DMRC between 1995 and 2012.
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|-
|2008
|2008
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|Trade & Industry
|Trade & Industry
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Industrialist, philanthropist and former chairman of [[Tata Sons]] and served as the chairman of the [[Tata Group]] from 1990 till 2012. Under his tenure, the Tata Group acquired [[Tetley]], [[Jaguar Land Rover]], and [[Tata Steel Europe|Corus]], in an attempt to turn Tata from a largely India-centric group into a global business. He is also one of the largest philanthropists in the world, having donated around 60–65% of his income to charity.
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|-
|2008
|2008
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|Sports
|Sports
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Former international cricketer who captained the [[Indian National Cricket Team|Indian national team]] and is widely regarded as one of the greatest batsmen in the [[history of cricket]] being the all-time highest run-scorer in both [[One Day International|ODI]] and [[Test cricket]]. He also holds the record for receiving the most man-of-the-match awards in international cricket. Later conferred the [[Bharat Ratna]] in 2014, thus becoming the first sportsperson to receive the honour and also served as a nominated member of the [[Rajya Sabha]] from 2012 till 2018.
|-
|-
|2009
|2009
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|Others
|Others
|Uttarakhand
|Uttarakhand
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Environmentalist and [[Chipko movement]] leader who fought for the preservation of forests in the [[Himalayas]], first as a member of the Chipko movement in the 1970s, and later spearheaded the anti-[[Tehri Dam]] movement from the 1980s to early 2004. He was one of the early environmentalists of India, and later he and others associated with the Chipko movement and started taking up wider environmental issues, such as being opposed to large dams.
|-
|-
|2009
|2009
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|Medicine
|Medicine
|Punjab
|Punjab
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Physician and diabetologist, specialising in [[endocrinology]]. Served in the [[AIIMS]] faculty as professor and head of medicine, and as honorary physician to the [[President of India]] (1977{{ndash}}1982, 1987{{ndash}}1992) and as consultant physician to the [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] (1991{{ndash}}1996).
|-
|-
|2009
|2009
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|Literature & Education
|Literature & Education
|West Bengal
|West Bengal
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Educationist and politician who served as Union Deputy Minister of Health and [[Minister of Commerce and Industry (India)|Minister of Commerce and Industry]]. Founded the [[Indian Council of Philosophical Research]] and served as its chairman and then as the chairman of the [[Centre for Studies in Civilizations]].
|-
|-
|2009
|2009
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|Trade & Industry
|Trade & Industry
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Noted industry expert and former chairman of [[Hindustan Lever]] and member of the [[Unilever]] Board. Also served as member of the Science Advisory Council to the Prime Minister of India, [[Investment Commission]] and [[National Knowledge Commission]] and as a nominated member of the [[Rajya Sabha]].
|-
|-
|2009
|2009
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|Social Work
|Social Work
|West Bengal
|West Bengal
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
[[Catholic]] religious sister who succeeded [[Mother Teresa]] as the head of the [[Missionaries of Charity]] and is credited to expand the mission overseas.
|-
|-
|2009
|2009
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|Science & Engineering
|Science & Engineering
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Nuclear physicist and mechanical engineer who served as the Chairman of the [[Atomic Energy Commission of India]] (2000{{ndash}}2009). Known for his contribution in the design and construction of [[Dhruva reactor|Dhruva]], India's largest research reactor and in India's nuclear tests asserting sovereignty and championed for India's self-reliance on [[thorium]] as a fuel for nuclear energy.<ref>
{{cite web|url=http://www.barc.gov.in/leaders/anil.html|title=Dr. Anil Kakodkar Former Director, BARC (1996–2001)|publisher=Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC)|access-date=15 November 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150808041020/http://www.barc.gov.in/leaders/anil.html|archive-date=8 August 2015}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.nti.org/facilities/837/|title=Dhruva Research Reactor|publisher=Nuclear Threat Initiative|work=James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Monterey Institute of International Studies|date=1 September 2003|access-date=15 November 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117033241/http://www.nti.org/facilities/837/|archive-date=17 November 2015}}
</ref>
|-
|-
|2009
|2009
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|Medicine
|Medicine
|Uttar Pradesh
|Uttar Pradesh
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Cardiologist specializing in non-surgical closure of heart holes (ASD/VSD), non-surgical replacement of valves, and treatment of multiple sclerosis, who serves as the chairman and director of Interventional Cardiology of the Metro Group of Hospitals.
|-
|-
|2009
|2009
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|Science & Engineering
|Science & Engineering
|Karnataka
|Karnataka
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Space scientist who served as the Chairman of the [[Indian Space Research Organization]] from 2003 till 2009 and is credited for contributing to the development of multi-stage [[satellite launch vehicle]]s, achieving self-reliance in independent access to space using indigenous technologies.
|-
|-
|2009
|2009
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|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Uttar Pradesh
|Uttar Pradesh
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Civil servant who served as Chief Secretary of Uttar Pradesh (1958{{ndash}}1961), [[Home Secretary (India)|Union Home Secretary]] (1971{{ndash}}1973) and as [[Defence Secretary (India)|Union Defence Secretary]] (1973{{ndash}}1975). Also served as Advisor and Secretary to the [[King of Nepal]] (1951{{ndash}}1954) and upon retirement from service, served as [[Governor of Karnataka]] (1977{{ndash}}1983).
|-
|-
|2009
|2009
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|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Civil servant, international administrator, and diplomat. Served as the first chief executive of the [[Shipping Corporation of India]] and as the Secretary-General of the [[International Maritime Organization]] for four terms from 1974 till 1989.
|-id="2010"
|-id="2010"
|2010
|2010
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|Arts
|Arts
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Theatre director and drama teacher known for his rigid discipline that he instilled in his acting students an awe and reverence. Served as the Director of [[National School of Drama]], New Delhi (1962{{ndash}}1977). He was also a noted art connoisseur, collector and gallery owner, and founded the Art Heritage Gallery. Staging more than fifty plays in his lifetime, he used both [[proscenium]] stages and the open-air venues. His designs for the open-air venues were acclaimed for their visual nature and for the original spins he put on each stage production.
|-
|-
|2010
|2010
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|Science & Technology
|Science & Technology
|United Kingdom
|United Kingdom
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Indian-born British and American [[structural biologist]] and recipient of the 2009 [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] along with [[Thomas A. Steitz]] and [[Ada Yonath]] for research on the structure and function of [[ribosomes]]. Best known for his past work on [[histone]] and [[chromatin]] structure.
|-
|-
|2010
|2010
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|Trade & Industry
|Trade & Industry
|Andhra Pradesh
|Andhra Pradesh
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Entrepreneur and cardiologist and founder of the first corporate chain of hospitals in India, the [[Apollo Hospitals]].
|-
|-
|2010
|2010
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|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Andhra Pradesh
|Andhra Pradesh
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Economist and retired bureaucrat who served as the 21st [[Governor of the Reserve Bank of India]] (2003{{ndash}}2008) and as the chairman of the [[Fourteenth Finance Commission]]. Credited for playing a crucial role in framing macro-economic policies that helped quarantine the country from the [[domino effect]] of the financial crisis encountered by the South-East Asian countries during the later part of the 1990s.
|-
|-
|2010
|2010
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|Arts
|Arts
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Actress, dancer, and choreographer. Having begun her career as a member of a [[contemporary dance]] troupe, she transitioned into acting roles beginning in the 1940s and appeared in several [[British films]], television shows, and [[Bollywood]] productions in a career that spanned over six decades. Notable films include ''Neecha Nagar'', ''Afsar'' (1946), ''[[Bhaji on the Beach]]'' (1992), ''[[The Mystic Masseur]]'' (2001), ''[[Bend It Like Beckham]]'' (2002), ''[[Dil Se..]]'' (1998), ''[[Saaya (2003 film)|Saaya]]'' (2003), ''[[Veer-Zaara]]'' (2004), etc. Often considered as the doyenne of [[Indian theatre]].
|-
|-
|2010
|2010
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|Arts
|Arts
|Tamil Nadu
|Tamil Nadu
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Musician and exponent of the Carnatic percussion instrument, the [[mridangam]].
|-
|-
|2011
|2011
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|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Economist and civil servant who held various positions in the [[International Monetary Fund]] and thereupon served as the [[Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission]] from 2004 till 2014.
|-
|-
|2011
|2011
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|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Economist and academic who served as [[Finance Secretary (India)|Union Finance Secretary]] (1998{{ndash}}1999), Advisor to the [[Minister of Finance (India)|Minister of Finance]] (2002{{ndash}}2004) and then as the Chairman of the [[Thirteenth Finance Commission]] (2007{{ndash}}2013).
|-
|-
|2011
|2011
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|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Chemist and politician who served Chairman of the [[Union Public Service Commission]] (1974{{ndash}}1977) and then as the [[Governor of Bihar]] (1979{{ndash}}1985, 1993{{ndash}}1998), [[Governor of West Bengal]] (1998{{ndash}}1999), [[Governor of Haryana]] (2004{{ndash}}2009).
|-
|-
|2011
|2011
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|Literature & Education
|Literature & Education
|Kerala
|Kerala
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Poet and lyricist and one of the leading lyricists in [[Malayalam film]], drama, album industry.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Jnanpith-Awards-for-ONV-Kurup-Akhlaq-Khan-Shahryar/articleshow/6621243.cms|title=Jnanpith Awards for ONV Kurup, Akhlaq Khan Shahryar|date=24 September 2010|access-date=19 November 2015|location=New Delhi|newspaper=The Times of India|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215223849/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Jnanpith-Awards-for-ONV-Kurup-Akhlaq-Khan-Shahryar/articleshow/6621243.cms|archive-date=15 February 2016}}</ref>
|-
|-
|2011
|2011
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|Literature & Education
|Literature & Education
|Odisha
|Odisha
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Poet and literary critic in [[Odia language]]. Published over 15 poetry collection, 5 essay collections, a travelogue, over 30 contemplative works, apart from numerous translations. His poetry collection has been published in several Indian languages. Notable works include ''Sabdar Akash'' (1971), ''Samudra'' (1977) and ''Anek Sharat'' (1981). Also served as the [[National Book Trust]].
|-
|-
|2011
|2011
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|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Diplomat and politician who served as [[Permanent Representative of India to the United Nations|Permanent Representative to the United Nations]] (1979{{ndash}}1981), [[Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister of India|Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister]] and as the first [[National Security Advisor (India)|National Security Advisor]] (1998{{ndash}}2004).
|-
|-
|2011
|2011
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|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Eminent lawyer who served as [[Solicitor General of India]] (1980{{ndash}}1983) and as the [[Attorney-General for India]] (1983{{ndash}}1989). Later served as nominated member of the [[Rajya Sabha]] from 2012 till 2018.
|-
|-
|2011
|2011
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|Trade & Industry
|Trade & Industry
|Karnataka
|Karnataka
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Businessman and philanthropist who was the chairman of the [[Wipro Limited]]. Often referred to as the "Czar of Indian IT Industry", he is credited for guiding Wipro through four decades of diversification and growth, to finally emerge as one of the global leaders in the software industry.
|-
|-
|2011
|2011
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|Science & Engineering
|Science & Engineering
|Andhra Pradesh
|Andhra Pradesh
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Scientist known for his contribution to the field of physical and mechanical [[metallurgy]]. Began research career with X-ray diffraction study of structural imperfections including development of new methods of analysis of X-ray line-broadening and prediction and experimental verification of fault configurations in double hexagonal close – packed crystals and notable among these efforts is the development of an ultrahigh strength high fracture toughness low alloy steel.
|-
|-
|2011
|2011
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|Arts
|Arts
|Andhra Pradesh
|Andhra Pradesh
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Actor and producer, known for his work majorly in [[Telugu cinema]]. Starred in many landmark films in his seventy five-year career, and became one of the most prominent figures of Telugu cinema. Known for his work in [[biographical films]] and being one of the instrumental figures in the shifting of the Telugu film industry from [[Madras]] to [[Hyderabad]] in the 1970s. Notable performances include in ''[[Laila Majnu]]'' (1949), ''[[Devadasu (1953 film)|Devadasu]]'' (1953), ''[[Anarkali]]'' (1955), ''[[Batasari]]'' (1961), ''[[Sri Krishnarjuna Yuddhamu]]'' (1963), ''[[Doctor Chakravarty]]'' (1964), ''[[Bhakta Tukaram]]'' (1971), ''[[Prema Nagar]]'' (1971), ''[[Premabhishekam (1981 film)|Premabhishekam]]'' (1981), ''[[Sri Ramadasu]]'' (2006), etc.
|-
|-
|2011
|2011
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|Arts
|Arts
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Leading scholar of [[Indian classical dance]], art, architecture, and art history. Served as a nominated member of [[Rajya Sabha]] (2006{{ndash}}2007, 2007{{ndash}}2012) and as founding director of the [[Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts]].
|-
|-
|2011
|2011
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|Arts
|Arts
|Gujarat
|Gujarat
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Commonly known by her pseudonym Dalda 13, she was India's first woman [[photojournalist]]. Began her career her career in 1938 working for the Bombay Chronicle, capturing images of daily life in the city. She was amongst the first women in India to join a mainstream publication when she joined ''[[The Illustrated Weekly of India]]''.
|-
|-
|2012
|2012
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|Arts
|Arts
|Assam
|Assam
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Playback singer, lyricist, musician, poet, actor, artist, editor, filmmaker, professor and politician. Widely known as ''Sudha Kontho'', his songs were written and sung mainly in the Assamese language by himself, are marked by humanity and universal brotherhood and have been translated and sung in many languages, most notably in Bengali and Hindi. Acknowledged to have introduced the culture and folk music of Assam and Northeast India to Hindi cinema at the national level. Later conferred the [[Bharat Ratna]] in 2019.
|-
|-
|2012
|2012
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|Arts
|Arts
|Goa
|Goa
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Cartoonist and painter based in [[Loutolim]]. Worked on a regular with ''[[The Times of India]]'' and other newspapers including ''[[The Economic Times]]'', though he got his popularity with his works published in ''[[The Illustrated Weekly of India]]''.
|-
|-
|2012
|2012
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|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
[[Indian Police Service]] officer who served as [[Director of the Intelligence Bureau]] (1980{{ndash}}1983). Upon retirement from service, served as [[List of governors of Arunachal Pradesh|Lieutenant Governor of Arunachal Pradesh]] (1983{{ndash}}1985), [[Governor of Sikkim]] (1985{{ndash}}1989), [[Governor of West Bengal]] (1989{{ndash}}1990) and as [[Governor of Uttar Pradesh]] (2004{{ndash}}2009).
|-
|-
|2012
|2012
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|Medicine
|Medicine
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Orthopaedic physician who invented India's first indigenous knee implant, the Indus Knee, and founder of Maharashtra's first orthopaedic dedicated specialty hospital.
|-
|-
|2012
|2012
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|Arts
|Arts
|Gujarat
|Gujarat
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Artist, painter, sculptor, muralist, printmaker, writer, academic known for his works on [[Santiniketan: The Making of a Contextual Modernism|contextual modernism]] and the [[Baroda Group]]. Greatly influenced by folk art from Kerala, [[Kalighat painting]] and [[Pattachitra]] from Bengal and Odisha, as well as Indian court paintings.
|-
|-
|2013
|2013
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|Arts
|Arts
|Odisha
|Odisha
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Architect and sculptor known for his masterpieces including Buddha statues in white sandstone at Dhauligiri Shanti Stupa, Konark horses at the Barabati Stadium and Master Canteen, Mukteswar Gate at [[Surajkund]] and a gigantic lotus at [[Rajiv Gandhi]]'s samadhi at [[Veer bhumi]]. Later also served as a nominated member of the [[Rajya Sabha]] from 2016 till his death in 2021.
|-
|-
|2013
|2013
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|Science & Technology
|Science & Technology
|Karnataka
|Karnataka
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Aerospace scientist and [[fluid dynamic]]ist. Led research initiative into [[parallel computing]] as a means to solve fluid dynamics problems which resulted in first parallel computer in India and development of a code for weather prediction of tropical regions. Served as Director of [[National Aerospace Laboratories]] (1984{{ndash}}1993) and immensely contributed to advance India's aerospace technology.
|-
|-
|2013
|2013
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|Science & Technology
|Science & Technology
|Uttar Pradesh
|Uttar Pradesh
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Scientist, educator and educationist known for his contributions to the study of cosmic rays, as well as for being an institution-builder. In his later years, he became one of the leading science communicators of the country. Also served as Chairman of the [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]] (1986{{ndash}}1991).
|-
|-
|2013
|2013
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|Arts
|Arts
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Painter who lived and worked in France from 1950 until his death, while maintaining strong ties with India. His works include continued experiment with currents of Western Modernism, moving from [[Expressionist]] modes towards greater abstraction and eventually incorporating elements of [[Tantrism]] from Indian scriptures.
|-
|-
|2014
|2014
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|Others
|Others
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
[[Yoga]] teacher and author who founded the style of [[yoga as exercise]] known as ''"[[Iyengar Yoga]]"'' and was considered one of the foremost [[Modern yoga gurus|yoga gurus]] in the world. Authored many books on yoga practice and philosophy including ''[[Light on Yoga]]'', ''Light on Pranayama'', ''Light on the [[Yoga Sutras of Patanjali]]'', and ''Light on Life''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/yoga-guru-b-k-s-iyengar-dies-in-pune-hospital/article6333707.ece|title=Yogacharya B.K.S. Iyengar passes away at 95|date=20 August 2014|access-date=20 November 2015|newspaper=The Hindu|location=Pune|author=Banerjee, Shoumojit}}</ref>
|-
|-
|2014
|2014
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|Science & Engineering
|Science & Engineering
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Chemical engineer known for research and innovation of [[polymer science]] and engineering. Former Director-General of [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]].
|-
|-
|2015
|2015
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|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Gujarat
|Gujarat
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Senior politician and co-founder and former President of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. Served as the [[Deputy Prime Minister of India]] (2002{{ndash}}2004) and as [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Minister of Home Affairs]] (1998{{ndash}}2004).
|-
|-
|2015
|2015
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|Arts
|Arts
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Actor, film producer, television host, occasional playback singer and former politician, who works in [[Hindi cinema]]. In film career spanning over five decades, he has starred in more than 200 films. Widely regarded as one of the most successful and influential actors in the [[history of Indian cinema]] and referred to as the ''Shahenshah of Bollywood'', ''Sadi Ke Mahanayak'' (Hindi for, "Greatest actor of the century"), ''Star of the Millennium'', or ''Big B''.
|-
|-
|2015
|2015
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|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Punjab
|Punjab
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Senior politician who served as the [[Chief Minister of Punjab (India)|Chief Minister of Punjab]] on five occasions, from 1970 to 1971, from 1977 to 1980, from 1997 to 2002, and from 2007 to 2017. Also served as the [[Minister of Agriculture (India)|Union Minister of Agriculture]] in 1977. Returned the award in 2020 in solidarity with the [[2020–2021 Indian farmers' protest]].
|-
|-
|2015
|2015
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|Social Work
|Social Work
|Karnataka
|Karnataka
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Philanthropist and hereditary administrator (Dharmadhikari) of the [[Dharmasthala Temple]], administering the temple and its properties. Patron of art and culture and immensely contributed to social welfare. Currently serving as a nominated member of the [[Rajya Sabha]] since 2022.
|-
|-
|2015
|2015
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|Arts
|Arts
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Actor who worked in [[Hindi cinema]]. Credited with pioneering [[method acting]] in cinema, he dominated the [[Indian movie]] scene from the late 1940s throughout the 1960s, being referred to as ''Abhinay Samrat'' (Hindi for "Emperor of Acting") by the audience. He holds the record for most wins for the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor]] (eight, which was later equalled by Shah Rukh Khan) and was also the inaugural recipient of the award. He is also referred to as The First Khan of Hindi Cinema and holds the most dominant box-office record for a star (male or female) in Hindi cinema with over 80% box-office successes and several long-standing gross records.<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Gulzar|editor1-link=Gulzar|editor2-last=Nihalani|editor2-first=Govind|editor2-link=Govind Nihalani|editor3-last=Chatterjee|editor3-first=Saibal|title=Encyclopaedia of Hindi Cinema|year=2003|publisher=Popular Prakashan|url={{GBurl|id=8y8vN9A14nkC}}|isbn=978-81-7991-066-5|pages=269, 470, 548}}</ref>
|-
|-
|2015
|2015
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|Literature & Education
|Literature & Education
|Uttar Pradesh
|Uttar Pradesh
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
[[Hindu]] spiritual leader, educator, Sanskrit scholar, polyglot, poet, author, textual commentator, philosopher, composer, singer, playwright and ''Katha'' artist based in [[Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh|Chitrakoot]] and is one of four incumbent ''Jagadguru Ramanandacharya'' having held the title since 1988. Founder and head of [[Tulsi Peeth]], a religious and social service institution in Chitrakoot named after [[Tulsidas]].
|-
|-
|2015
|2015
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|Science & Technology
|Science & Technology
|Tamil Nadu
|Tamil Nadu
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Nuclear scientist and mechanical engineer and played a key role in the development of India's nuclear power programme and the development of the [[Pressurized heavy-water reactor|PHWR]]. Served as Chairman of the [[Atomic Energy Commission of India]] from 1987 till 1990.
|-
|-
|2015
|2015
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|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Constitutional lawyer and senior advocate of the [[Supreme Court of India]]. Served as constitutional adviser to the [[Royal Government of Bhutan]] for drafting of the [[Constitution of Bhutan|constitution]] and later served as the 13th [[Attorney General of India]] from 2017 till 2022.
|-
|-
|2015
|2015
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|Social Work
|Social Work
|United Kingdom/ France
|United Kingdom/ France
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
49th and current [[Imam]] of [[Nizari Isma'ilism]] having held the position since 1957.
|-
|-
|2016
|2016
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|Science & Engineering
|Science & Engineering
|Karnataka
|Karnataka
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Scientist and former Chairman of [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]] and Scientific Advisor to the [[Minister of Defence (India)|Minister of Defence]].
|-
|-
|2016
|2016
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|Trade & Industry
|Trade & Industry
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Businessman and founder of [[Reliance Industries]] in 1958 and made eminent contributions to the field of trade and industry.
|-
|-
|2016
|2016
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|Arts
|Arts
|West Bengal
|West Bengal
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Classical singer belonging to the ''Seniya'' and ''[[Benares gharana]]s'', known for performing classical and light classical music and helped elevate the profile of [[thumri]]. Dubbed as the ''"Queen of Thumri"'' for her contribution in the genre.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/article1428781.ece|title=Queen of thumri|newspaper=The Hindu|date=11 November 2008|access-date=1 June 2016}}</ref>
|-
|-
|2016
|2016
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|Literature & Education
|Literature & Education
|United States
|United States
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Indian-American economist serving as Economics Professor Emeritus at [[Princeton University]] and holding academic positions at other reputed institutions. Author of the book ''"Investment Under Uncertainty"'' along with [[Robert Pindyck]] which is the first textbook exclusively about the [[real options]] approach to investments, and described as "a born-classic" in view of its importance to the theory.
|-
|-
|2016
|2016
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|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Civil servant and politician who held various bureaucratic and political positions, including serving as the [[Lieutenant Governor of Delhi]] (1980{{ndash}}1981), 1982{{ndash}}1984), [[Governor of Goa|Lieutenant Governor of Goa, Daman and Diu]] (1981{{ndash}}1982), [[Governor of Jammu and Kashmir]] (1984{{ndash}}1989), 1990) and then [[Ministry of Culture (India)|Union Minister of Culture]], [[Ministry of Communications (India)|Communications]], [[Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs|Urban Development]], etc.
|-
|-
|2016
|2016
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|Arts
|Arts
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Dancer of [[Bharatanatyam]] and [[Kuchipudi]] styles of dancing.
|-
|-
|2016
|2016
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|Arts
|Arts
|Tamil Nadu
|Tamil Nadu
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Actor mainly working in [[Tamil cinema]]. In a career spanning over five decades, he has done more than 160 films that includes films in [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Hindi]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Kannada language|Kannada]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]], and [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]]. Widely regarded as one of the most successful and popular actors in the [[history of Indian cinema]] and known for his uniquely styled lines and idiosyncrasies in films, he has a huge fan base throughout India and has a cult following.
|-
|-
|2016
|2016
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|Literature & Education
|Literature & Education
|Andhra Pradesh
|Andhra Pradesh
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Businessman, media entrepreneur, and film producer. Head of the [[Ramoji Group]] which owns the world's largest film production facility [[Ramoji Film City]], ''[[Eenadu]]'' newspaper, [[ETV Network]] of TV channels, and the film production company [[Usha Kiran Movies]].
|-
|-
|2016
|2016
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|Others
|Others
|Karnataka
|Karnataka
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Yoga guru and spiritual leader, frequently referred to as ''Sri Sri'' (honorific), ''Guru ji'', or ''Gurudev''. Founder of the [[Art of Living foundation]] and best known for his work in promoting peace and goodwil among communities. Initially refused the award in 2015, but accepted the following year.
|-
|-
|2016
|2016
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|Medicine
|Medicine
|Tamil Nadu
|Tamil Nadu
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Oncologist and former chairperson of [[Adyar Cancer Institute]]. Best known for her efforts towards making quality and affordable cancer treatment accessible to all patients in the country, and dedicated herself to the mission of organizing care for cancer patients, study of the disease, research on its prevention and cure, spreading awareness about the disease, and developing specialists and scientists in various subspecialties of [[oncology]].
|-
|-
|2017
|2017
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|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Uttar Pradesh
|Uttar Pradesh
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Politician and member of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], serving as its president from 1991 till 1993. Also served as member of both [[Parliament of India|houses of parliament]] and as [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Union Minister of Home Affairs]] in 1996 and as [[Minister of Education (India)|Union Minister of Human Resource Development]] from 1998 till 2004.
|-
|-
|2017
|2017
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|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Madhya Pradesh
|Madhya Pradesh
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Politician belonging to the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] who served as the [[Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh]] twice, in 1980 and from 1990 till 1992. Later, served as [[Ministry of Rural Development (India)|Union Minister of Rural Development]] (1999{{ndash}}2000), [[Ministry of Agriculture (India)|Minister of Agriculture]] and [[Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers|Chemicals and Fertilizers]] (2000) and [[Ministry of Mines (India)|Minister of Mines]] (2000{{ndash}}2001).
|-
|-
|2017
|2017
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|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Senior politician and founder-President of [[Nationalist Congress Party]]. Four-time former [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra]] and held numerous ministerial positions in the union government including serving as [[Minister of Defence (India)|Minister of Defence]] (1991{{ndash}}1993), and as [[Minister of Agriculture (India)|Minister of Agriculture]] (2004{{ndash}}2014). Also served as [[Leader of the Opposition (Lok Sabha)|Leader of the Opposition in the Lok Sabha]] (1998{{ndash}}1999).
|-
|-
|2017
|2017
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|Science & Engineering
|Science & Engineering
|Karnataka
|Karnataka
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Space scientist and former chairman of [[Indian Space Research Organization]] serving from 1984 till 1994. Known as the ''"Satellite Man of India"'' and pioneered the first satellite launch [[Aryabhata (satellite)|Aryabhata]] in 1974.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.firstpost.com/tech/science/indias-satellite-man-everything-you-need-to-know-about-udupi-ramachandra-rao-9401311.html|title=India's Satellite Man: Everything You Need To Know About Udupi Ramachandra Rao|newspaper=FirstPost|date=10 March 2021|access-date=25 January 2023}}</ref>
|-
|-
|2017
|2017
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|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Meghalaya
|Meghalaya
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Politician and founder of the [[National People's Party (India)|National People's Party]], served as the [[Chief Minister of Meghalaya]] from 1988 and 1990. Later served as [[Ministry of Coal (India)|Union Minister of Coal]], [[Ministry of Labour and Employment (India)|Minister of Labour]], [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Minister of Information and Broadcasting]] and thereupon as the [[Speaker of the Lok Sabha|Speaker]] of the [[11th Lok Sabha]] from 1996 till 1998.
|-
|-
|2017
|2017
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|Others
|Others
|Tamil Nadu
|Tamil Nadu
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Spiritual leader, speaker and founder-head of the [[Isha Foundation]] which operates an ashram and yoga centre that carries out educational and spiritual activities. Advocated for protecting the environment against climate change, instrumental in leading many initiatives like Project GreenHands (PGH), Rally for Rivers, Cauvery Calling, and the Journey to Save Soil.
|-
|-
|2017
|2017
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|Arts
|Arts
|Kerala
|Kerala
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Playback singer and musician who sings Indian classical, devotional and film songs. Widely considered as one of the greatest singers in the [[history of Indian music]] and a cultural icon of [[Kerala]]. He is estimated to have recorded more than 50,000 songs in various Indian languages as well as foreign languages in a career spanning six decades. Often referred to as ''Gaanagandharvan'' (transl. The Celestial Singer), he also holds the record for singing 11 songs in different languages in a single day and has composed a number of Malayalam film songs during the 1970s and 1980s.
|-
|-
|2018
|2018
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|Arts
|Arts
|Tamil Nadu
|Tamil Nadu
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Musician, composer, arranger, conductor, orchestrator, multi-instrumentalist, lyricist and singer, popular for his works in [[Indian cinema]], prominently in Tamil and Telugu films. Reputed to be one of the most prolific composers in a career spanning over forty-seven years, he has composed over 7,000 songs and provided film scores for over 1,000 films, apart from performing in over 20,000 concerts. Nicknamed ''"Isaignani"'' (the musical sage) and often referred to as ''"Maestro"''. He was also one of the earliest Indian film composers to use Western classical music harmonies and string arrangements in Tamil film music, and the first South Asian to compose a full symphony. Currently serves as a nominated member of the [[Rajya Sabha]] since 2022.
|-
|-
|2018
|2018
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|Arts
|Arts
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Classical musician, playback singer in the [[Hindustani classical music]] tradition, belonging to the [[Rampur-Sahaswan Gharana]].
|-
|-
|2018
|2018
Line 2,580: Line 1,966:
|Literature & Education
|Literature & Education
|Kerala
|Kerala
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Hindutva thinker and [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS) ''pracharak'' and former Vice-President of [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]. Former chairman of the [[Vivekananda Kendra]] which is a Hindu nationalist social service and "nation-building" organisation, claiming to represent the heritage of [[Swami Vivekananda]].
|-
|-
|2019
|2019
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|Arts
|Arts
|Chhattisgarh
|Chhattisgarh
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Exponent of [[Pandavani]], a traditional performing art form, from [[Chhattisgarh]], in which she enacts tales from the [[Mahabharata]], with musical accompaniments.
|-
|-
|2019
|2019
Line 2,596: Line 1,978:
|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Djibouti
|Djibouti
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Djiboutian politician and the second and current [[President of Djibouti]] having been in office since 1999. Conferred with the award for his role in the safe evacuation of Indian citizens from [[Yemen]].
|-
|-
|2019
|2019
Line 2,604: Line 1,984:
|Trade & Industry
|Trade & Industry
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Industrialist, philanthropist and the Group Chairman of [[Larsen & Toubro Limited]] and currently serving as the Chairman of the [[National Skill Development Corporation]] since 2018.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/corporate/story/am-naik-leave-encashment-at-rs-3221-crore-83700-2017-08-23|title=L&T Executive Chairman AM Naik to take home Rs 32.21 crore leave encashment|newspaper=Business Today|date=23 August 2017|access-date=25 January 2023}}</ref>
|-
|-
|2019
|2019
Line 2,612: Line 1,990:
|Arts
|Arts
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Writer of books and plays, works mostly based on the life of [[Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj]] and was regarded ''Shiv-Shahir'' ("Shivaji's bard"). Widely known for his popular play on Shivaji, ''Jaanta Raja.''
|-id="2020"
|-id="2020"
|2020
|2020
Line 2,620: Line 1,996:
|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Bihar
|Bihar
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Trade unionist, statesman, and journalist, who served as the [[Minister of Defence (India)|Union Defence Minister]] from 1998 until 2004. Served as a member of the [[Lok Sabha]] for more than 30 years representing various constituencies and also held various other portfolios, including serving as [[Minister of Railways (India)|Minister of Railways]], [[Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)|Industry]], [[Ministry of Communications (India)|Communications]], etc.
|-
|-
|2020
|2020
Line 2,628: Line 2,002:
|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Politician and attorney belonging to the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. Served on various important cabinet positions, including serving as [[Minister of Finance (India)|Union Minister of Finance]], [[Minister of Defence (India)|Minister of Defence]], [[Minister of Information and Broadcasting]] and [[Minister of Law and Justice (India)|Minister of Law and Justice]]. Tenure as Finance minister, oversaw the introduction of the [[Goods and Services Tax (India)|Goods and Services Tax]] which brought the country under one GST regime, demonetisation, merger of Railway budget with general budget and introduction of [[Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code]].
|-
|-
|2020
|2020
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|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Mauritius
|Mauritius
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Mauritian statesman, politician and barrister who served both as the [[President of Mauritius]] from 2003 till 2012, and as the [[Prime Minister of Mauritius]] on three occasions, from 1982 till 1995, from 2000 till 2013 and again from 2014 till 2017.
|-
|-
|2020
|2020
Line 2,644: Line 2,014:
|Sports
|Sports
|Manipur
|Manipur
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Amateur boxer, politician, and former nominated member of [[Rajya Sabha]] (2016{{ndash}}2022). Credited for being the only woman to win the World Amateur Boxing Championship six times, the only female boxer to have won a medal in each one of the first seven World Championships, and the only boxer (male or female) to win eight World Championship medals. Nicknamed ''Magnificent Mary'', she was the only Indian female boxer to have qualified for the [[2012 Summer Olympics]] and compete in the flyweight (51 kg) and won a bronze medal. She is also the only boxer to become Asian Amateur Boxing Champion for a record six times.
|-
|-
|2020
|2020
Line 2,652: Line 2,020:
|Arts
|Arts
|Uttar Pradesh
|Uttar Pradesh
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Celebrated [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani classical singer]] from [[Banaras]] and a noted exponent of the [[Kirana gharana]], best known for his skills in ''[[khyal]]'' and the ''Purab Ang'' {{ndash}} ''[[Thumri]]''.
|-
|-
|2020
|2020
Line 2,660: Line 2,026:
|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Lawyer, politician and administrator who served as the [[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Minister of External Affairs]] from 2014 until 2019. Seven-time former member of [[Parliament of India|Parliament]], she had also served as the first female [[Chief Minister of Delhi]] in 1998 and held various other ministerial portfolios in the union government including serving as [[Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs (India)|Minister of Parliamentary Affairs]], [[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare|Minister of Health and Family Welfare]] and [[Minister of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Minister of Information and Broadcasting]].
|-
|-
|2020
|2020
Line 2,668: Line 2,032:
|Others
|Others
|Karnataka
|Karnataka
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Officially known as ''Śrī Śrī 1008 Śrī Viśveśa-tīrtha Śrīpād'', he was a [[Hindu|Hindu guru]], saint and presiding swamiji of the Sri Pejavara Adokshaja Matha, one of the Ashta Mathas belonging to the Dvaita school of philosophy founded by Sri [[Madhvacharya]] and the 32nd in the lineage of the Pejavara matha.
|-
|-
|2021
|2021
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|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Japan
|Japan
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Japanese politician and statesman who served as the [[Prime Minister of Japan]] for two terms, from 2006 till 2007 and again from 2012 till 2020, thus becoming the longest-serving prime minister of Japan.
|-
|-
|2021
|2021
Line 2,684: Line 2,044:
|Arts
|Arts
|Tamil Nadu
|Tamil Nadu
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Playback singer, television presenter, actor, music composer, dubbing artist, and film producer. Widely regarded as one of the greatest Indian singers of all time and predominantly worked in Telugu, Tamil, Kannada, Malayalam, and [[Hindi film]]s and sang in a total of 16 languages. Holds the [[Guinness World Record]] for recording the highest number of songs by a singer with over 50,000 songs in 16 languages.
|-
|-
|2021
|2021
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|Medicine
|Medicine
|Karnataka
|Karnataka
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Cardiologist, professor of medicine, and author known for his work on [[homeopathy]] and [[quantum healing]]. Served as the Vice-Chancellor of [[Manipal Academy of Higher Education]] from 1999 till 2003.
|-
|-
|2021
|2021
Line 2,700: Line 2,056:
|Science & Engineering
|Science & Engineering
|United States
|United States
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Sikh-American physicist best known for his work on [[fiber optics]] who is credited with inventing fiber optics, and is considered the ''"Father of Fiber Optics"''.
|-
|-
|2021
|2021
Line 2,708: Line 2,062:
|Others
|Others
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Islamic scholar and peace activist and author known for having written a commentary on the Quran and having translated it into contemporary English.
|-
|-
|2021
|2021
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|Others
|Others
|Delhi
|Delhi
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Archaeologist, best known for his works on [[Indus Valley civilization]] sites, [[Mahabharat]] sites, Kalibangan, [[Ramayana]] sites. Served as Director-General of [[Archaeological Survey of India]] from 1968 till 1972.
|-
|-
|2021
|2021
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|Arts
|Arts
|Odisha
|Odisha
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Eminent sculpture artist from Odisha. Founded Sudarshan Crafts Museum, Puri in 1977 and Sudarshan Art and Crafts Village, Bhubaneswar in 1991.
|-
|-
|2022
|2022
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|Arts
|Arts
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Classical vocalist belonging to the [[kirana gharana]] known for her contributions in popularizing Indian classical vocal music at global level and for inventing new [[raga]]s such as ''Apurva Kalyan'', ''Darbari Kauns'', ''Patdeep-Malhar'', ''Shiv Kali'', ''Tilang-bhairav'', ''Ravi Bhairav'', and ''Madhur-kauns''.
|-
|-
|2022
|2022
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|Literature & Education
|Literature & Education
|Uttar Pradesh
|Uttar Pradesh
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Journalist and editor who later served as the chairperson of [[Gita Press]]. Edited 38 yearly issues and 460 monthly periodicals at Gita Press and during his tenure, promoted technical advancements at Gita Press and equipped the press with modern equipment which increased the efficiency and quality of the press.
|-
|-
|2022
|2022
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|Civil Service
|Civil Service
|Uttarakhand
|Uttarakhand
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Military officer who served as the 26th [[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Chief of the Army Staff]] from 2016 till 2019 and thereupon served as the first [[Chief of the Defence Staff (India)|Chief of the Defence Staff]] from 2020 until his death in 2021.
|-
|-
|2022
|2022
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|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Uttar Pradesh
|Uttar Pradesh
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Senior politician belonging to the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], served as the [[Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh]] during the [[demolition of the Babri Masjid]]. Considered an icon of Hindu nationalism, and of the agitation to build a [[Ram Mandir|Ram temple in Ayodhya]]. Later also served as the [[Governor of Rajasthan]] (2014{{ndash}}2019).
|-
|-
|2023
|2023
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|Others
|Others
|Gujarat
|Gujarat
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Architect and a noted figure in Indian architecture and known for his contributions to the evolution of architectural discourse in India. Having worked under [[Le Corbusier]] and [[Louis Kahn]], he was a pioneer of [[Modern architecture|modernist]] and [[brutalist architecture]] in India.
|-
|-
|2023
|2023
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|Arts
|Arts
|Maharashtra
|Maharashtra
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
[[Tabla]] player, composer, percussionist, music producer and film actor.
|-
|-
|2023
|2023
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|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Karnataka
|Karnataka
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Senior politician and former parliamentarian who served as the 10th [[Chief Minister of Karnataka]] from 1999 till 2004, and then as the [[Governor of Maharashtra]] from 2004 till 2008. Elected as a member of the [[Rajya Sabha]] in 2008, he also served as the [[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Union Minister of External Affairs]] between 2009 and 2012.
|-
|-
|2023
|2023
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|Medicine
|Medicine
|West Bengal
|West Bengal
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Paediatrician known for pioneering the use of [[oral rehydration therapy]] to treat [[diarrhoeal diseases]]. His efforts demonstrated the dramatic life-saving effectiveness of oral rehydration therapy when cholera broke out in 1971 among refugees from [[East Bengal]] who sought shelter in [[West Bengal]]. The simple, inexpensive Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) gained acceptance, and was later hailed as one of the most important medical advances of the 20th century.
|-
|-
|2023
|2023
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|Science & Engineering
|Science & Engineering
|United States
|United States
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Indian-American mathematician, best known for his fundamental contributions to [[probability theory]] and in particular for creating a unified theory of [[large deviations]] and is regarded as one of the fundamental contributors to the theory of [[diffusion processes]] with an orientation towards the refinement and further development of Itô’s [[stochastic calculus]].
|-
|-
|2023
|2023
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|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Uttar Pradesh
|Uttar Pradesh
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Politician, [[socialist]] figure and founder of the [[Samajwadi Party]] who served as a three-time [[Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh]] and a seven-time former member of the [[Lok Sabha]]. Also served as the [[Minister of Defence (India)|Union Minister of Defence]] from 1996 till 1998. Popularly known as ''Netaji'' or ''Dhartiputra'' by his followers.
|-
|-
|2024
|2024
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|Arts
|Arts
|Tamil Nadu
|Tamil Nadu
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Actress, dancer and parliamentarian, regarded as one of Indian cinema's finest actresses and dancers. Garnered widespread critical acclaim for her role in the period drama [[Devdas (1955 film)|''Devdas'']] (1955), where she played Chandramukhi, a tawaif with a heart of gold. Also popular for her dancing, particularly for her work in [[Bharatanatyam]], a form of Indian classical dance which earned her the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]].
|-
|-
|2024
|2024
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|Arts
|Arts
|Andhra Pradesh
|Andhra Pradesh
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Actor, film producer and former politician. Regarded as one of the most successful and influential actors in the history of Indian cinema. In a career spanning over four decades, he starred in over 150 feature films predominantly in Telugu, as well as some films in Hindi, Tamil and Kannada. In 2013, CNN-IBN named him as one of "the men who changed the face of the Indian Cinema". Served as [[Ministry of Tourism (India)|Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Tourism]] between 2012 and 2014.
|-
|-
|2024
|2024
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|Public Affairs
|Public Affairs
|Andhra Pradesh
|Andhra Pradesh
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Politician who served as the 13th [[vice president of India]] from 2017 to 2022 and the first Indian vice president born after independence. Also served as union minister holding various portfolios including [[Ministry of Rural Development (India)|Rural Development]], [[Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs|Housing and Urban Affairs]], [[Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs (India)|Parliamentary Affairs]]. Also served as the national president of [[Bharatiya Janta Party]] from 2002 to 2004.
|-
|-
|2024
|2024
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|Social Work
|Social Work
|Bihar
|Bihar
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Sociologist and social entrepreneur and founder of [[Sulabh International]], a social service organisation promoting human rights, environmental sanitation, non-conventional sources of energy, waste management and social reforms through education. Served as the Brand Ambassador for Swachh Rail Mission of [[Indian Railways]], a complement to the broader Swachh Bharat Mission. His work is considered pioneering in social reform, especially in the field of sanitation and hygiene.
|-
|-
|2024
|2024
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|Arts
|Arts
|Tamil Nadu
|Tamil Nadu
|align="left" style="font-size:95%" |
Classical [[Bharatanatyam]] dancer and a research scholar, choreographer, teacher, Indologist and author. She is famous in India as well as abroad; several films and documentaries have been made in her honor by countries such as Japan, Australia and Russia. Well known as the developer and founder of the dance form Bharata Nrithyam.
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Revision as of 03:51, 25 April 2024

Padma Vibhushan
Padma Vibhushan medal in golden colour with its pink ribbon
Padma Vibhushan medal attached with a pink ribbon
TypeNational Civilian
Country India
Presented by

Government of India
Ribbon
ObverseA centrally located lotus flower is embossed and the text "Padma" written in Devanagari script is placed above and the text "Vibhushan" is placed below the lotus.
ReverseA platinum Emblem of India placed in the centre with the national motto of India, "Satyameva Jayate" (Truth alone triumphs) in Devanagari Script
Established1954
First awarded1954
Last awarded2024
Total336
Precedence
Next (higher) Bharat Ratna
Next (lower) Padma Bhushan
← Padma Vibhushan "Pahela Varg" (Class I)

The Padma Vibhushan is the second highest civilian award of the Republic of India. Instituted on 2 January 1954,[1] the award is given for the "exceptional and distinguished service", without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex. The Padma Vibhushan award recipients are announced every year on Republic Day and registered in The Gazette of India—a publication released weekly by the Department of Publication, Ministry of Urban Development used for official government notices.[2] The conferral of the award is not considered official without its publication in the Gazette. Recipients whose awards have been revoked or restored, both of which require the authority of the President, are also registered in the Gazette and are required to surrender their medals when their names are struck from the register.[3] As of 2020, none of the conferments of Padma Vibhushan have been revoked or restored. The recommendations are received from all the state and the union territory governments, the Ministries of the Government, the Bharat Ratna and previous Padma Vibhushan award recipients, the Institutes of Excellence, the Ministers, the Chief Ministers and the Governors of State, and the Members of Parliament including private individuals. The recommendations received during 1 May and 15 September of every year are submitted to the Padma Awards Committee, constituted by the Prime Minister. The committee recommendations are later submitted to the Prime Minister and the President for the further approval.[2]

When instituted in 1954, the Padma Vibhushan was classified as "Pahela Varg" (Class I) under the three-tier Padma Vibhushan awards; preceded by the Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian award,[4] and followed by "Dusra Varg" (Class II), and "Tisra Varg" (Class III).[1] On 15 January 1955, the Padma Vibhushan was reclassified into three different awards; the Padma Vibhushan, the highest of the three, followed by the Padma Bhushan and the Padma Shri. The criteria includes "exceptional and distinguished service in any field including service rendered by Government servants" but excluding those working with the Public sector undertakings with the exception of doctors and scientists. The 1954 statutes did not allow posthumous awards but this was subsequently modified in the January 1955 statute.[2][3] The award, along with other personal civil honours, was briefly suspended twice in its history;[5] for the first time in July 1977 when Morarji Desai was sworn in as the fourth Prime Minister.[6][7] The suspension was rescinded on 25 January 1980, after Indira Gandhi became the Prime Minister.[8] The civilian awards were suspended again in mid-1992, when two Public-Interest Litigations were filed in the High Courts questioning the civilian awards being "Titles" per an interpretation of Article 18 (1) of the Constitution.[5][a] The awards were reintroduced by the Supreme Court in December 1995, following the conclusion of the litigation.[10]

The recipients receive a Sanad (certificate) signed by the President and a medal with no monetary grant associated with the award.[2] The decoration is a circular-shaped toned bronze medallion 1+3⁄4 inches (44 mm) in diameter and 1⁄8 inch (3.2 mm) thick. The centrally placed pattern made of outer lines of a square of 1+3⁄16 inches (30 mm) side is embossed with a knob embossed within each of the outer angles of the pattern. A raised circular space of diameter 1+1⁄16 inches (27 mm) is placed at the centre of the decoration. A centrally located lotus flower is embossed on the obverse side of the medal and the text "Padma" written in Devanagari script is placed above and the text "Vibhushan" is placed below the lotus. The Emblem of India is placed in the centre of the reverse side with the national motto, "Satyameva Jayate" (Truth alone triumphs) in Devanagari Script, inscribed on the lower edge. The rim, the edges and all embossing on either side is of white gold with the text "Padma Vibhushan" of silver gilt. The medal is suspended by a pink riband 1+1⁄4 inches (32 mm) in width.[3] It is ranked fourth in the order of precedence of wearing of medals and decorations.[11]

The first recipients of the Padma Vibhushan were Satyendra Nath Bose, Nandalal Bose, Zakir Husain, Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher, V. K. Krishna Menon, and Jigme Dorji Wangchuck, who were honoured in 1954. As of 2023, the award has been bestowed on 331 individuals, including twenty-eight posthumous and twenty-four non-citizen recipients.[12] Some of the recipients have refused or returned their awards; P. N. Haksar,[b] Vilayat Khan,[c] E. M. S. Namboodiripad,[d] Swami Ranganathananda,[e] and Manikonda Chalapathi Rau refused the award; the family members of Lakshmi Chand Jain (2011) and Sharad Anantrao Joshi (2016) declined their posthumous conferments,[f][g] and 1986 recipient Baba Amte and 2015 recipient Parkash Singh Badal returned theirs honour in 1991 and 2020 respectively.[21][h][22][i] Most recently on 26 January 2024, the award has been bestowed upon five recipients; Vyjayanthimala, Chiranjeevi, Venkaiah Naidu, Bindeshwar Pathak (posthumous) and Padma Subrahmanyam.

Recipients

Award recipients by year[12]
Year Number of recipients
1954–1959
17
1960–1969
27
1970–1979
53
1980–1989
20
1990–1999
42
2000–2009
86
2010–2019
62
2020–2029
24
Award recipients by field[12]
Field Number of recipients
Arts
64
Civil Service
53
Literature & Education
42
Medicine
15
Others
8
Public Affairs
78
Science & Engineering
37
Social Work
18
Sports
4
Trade & Industry
12
Key
   + Naturalised citizen recipient
   * Non-citizen recipient
   # Posthumous recipient
Year Image Laureates Field State / Country[12]
1954 Satyendra Nath Bose
(1894–1974) 		Science & Engineering West Bengal
1954 Nandalal Bose
(1882–1966) 		Arts West Bengal
1954 Zakir Husain
(1897–1969) 		Public Affairs Andhra Pradesh
1954 B. G. Kher
(1888–1957) 		Public Affairs Maharashtra
1954 V. K. Krishna Menon
(1896–1974) 		Public Affairs Kerala
1954 Jigme Dorji Wangchuck*
(1928–1972) 		Public Affairs Bhutan
1955 Dhondo Keshav Karve
(1858–1962) 		Literature & Education Maharashtra
1955 J. R. D. Tata
(1904–1993) 		Trade & Industry Maharashtra
1956 Fazl Ali
(1886–1959) 		Public Affairs Bihar
1956 Janaki Devi Bajaj
(1893–1979) 		Social Work Madhya Pradesh
1956 Chandulal Madhavlal Trivedi
(1893–1980) 		Public Affairs Madhya Pradesh
1957 Ghanshyam Das Birla
(1894–1983) 		Trade & Industry Rajasthan
1957 Sri Prakasa
(1890–1971) 		Public Affairs Uttar Pradesh
1957 M. C. Setalvad
(1884–1974) 		Public Affairs Maharashtra
1958 No awards
1959 John Matthai
(1886–1959) 		Literature & Education Kerala
1959 Gaganvihari Lallubhai Mehta
(1900–1974) 		Social Work Maharashtra
1959 Radhabinod Pal
(1886–1967) 		Public Affairs West Bengal
1960 Narayana Raghvan Pillai
(1898–1992) 		Public Affairs Tamil Nadu
1961 No awards
1962 H. V. R. Iyengar
(1902–1978) 		Civil Service Tamil Nadu
1962 Padmaja Naidu
(1900–1975) 		Public Affairs Andhra Pradesh
1962 Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit
(1900–1990) 		Civil Service Uttar Pradesh
1963 Suniti Kumar Chatterji
(1890–1977) 		Literature & Education West Bengal
1963 A. Lakshmanaswami Mudaliar
(1887–1974) 		Medicine Tamil Nadu
1963 Hari Vinayak Pataskar
(1892–1970) 		Public Affairs Maharashtra
1964 Acharya Kakasaheb Kalelkar
(1885–1981) 		Literature & Education Maharashtra
1964 Gopinath Kaviraj
(1887–1976) 		Literature & Education Uttar Pradesh
1965 General
Jayanto Nath Chaudhuri
(1908–1983) 		Civil Service West Bengal
1965 Mehdi Nawaz Jung
(1894–1967) 		Public Affairs Telangana
1965 Marshal of the Air Force
Arjan Singh
DFC
(1919–2017) 		Civil Service Delhi
1966 Valerian Gracias
(1900–1978) 		Social Work Maharashtra
1967 C. K. Daphtary
(1893–1983) 		Public Affairs Maharashtra
1967 Hafiz Mohamad Ibrahim
(1889–1968) 		Civil Service Andhra Pradesh
1967 Bhola Nath Jha Civil Service Uttar Pradesh
1967 P. V. R. Rao Civil Service Andhra Pradesh
1968 Madhav Shrihari Aney
(1880–1968) 		Public Affairs Madhya Pradesh
1968 Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar*
(1910–1995) 		Science & Engineering United States
1968 Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis
(1893–1972) 		Literature & Education Delhi
1968 Kirpal Singh
(1894–1974) 		Civil Service Delhi
1968 Kalyan Sundaram
(1904–1992) 		Public Affairs Delhi
1969 Rajeshwar Dayal
(1909–1999) 		Civil Service Delhi
1969 Dattatraya Shridhar Joshi Civil Service Maharashtra
1969 Har Gobind Khorana*
(1922–2011) 		Literature & Education United States
1969 Mohan Sinha Mehta
(1895–1986) 		Civil Service Rajasthan
1969 Ghananand Pande
(1902–1995) 		Civil Service Uttar Pradesh
1970 Tara Chand
(1888–1973) 		Literature & Education Uttar Pradesh
1970 Group Captain
Suranjan Das#
(1920–1970)[i] 		Civil Service West Bengal
1970 Anthony Lancelot Dias
(1910–2002) 		Public Affairs Maharashtra
1970 General
Paramasiva Prabhakar Kumaramangalam
DSO MBE
(1913–2000) 		Civil Service Tamil Nadu
1970 A. Ramasamy Mudaliar
(1913–2000) 		Civil Service Andhra Pradesh
1970 Binay Ranjan Sen
(1898–1993) 		Civil Service West Bengal
1970 Lieutenant General
Harbaksh Singh
VrC
(1913–1999) 		Civil Service Punjab
1971 Bimala Prasad Chaliha
(1912–1971) 		Civil Service Assam
1971 Allauddin Khan
(1862–1972) 		Arts West Bengal
1971 Sumati Morarjee
(1909–1998) 		Civil Service Maharashtra
1971 Uday Shankar
(1900–1977) 		Arts Maharashtra
1971 Vithal Nagesh Shirodkar
(1899–1971) 		Medicine Goa
1971 B. Sivaraman Civil Service Tamil Nadu
1972 P. Balacharya Gajendragadkar
(1901–1981) 		Civil Service Maharashtra
1972 Aditya Nath Jha#
(1911–1972) 		Civil Service Uttar Pradesh
1972 Air Chief Marshal
Pratap Chandra Lal
DFC
(1916–1982) 		Civil Service Punjab
1972 Field Marshal
Sam Manekshaw
MC
(1914–2008) 		Civil Service Tamil Nadu
1972 Jivraj Narayan Mehta
(1887–1978) 		Public Affairs Maharashtra
1972 Admiral
Sardarilal Mathradas Nanda
PVSM AVSM
(1915–2009) 		Civil Service Delhi
1972 Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq#
(1912–1971)[ii] 		Public Affairs Jammu and Kashmir
1972 Vikram Sarabhai#
(1919–1971)[iii] 		Science & Engineering Gujarat
1972 Hormasji Maneckji Seervai
(1906–1996) 		Literature & Education Maharashtra
1973 Basanti Devi
(1880–1974) 		Civil Service West Bengal
1973 U. N. Dhebar
(1905–1977) 		Social Work Gujarat
1973 Daulat Singh Kothari
(1906–1993) 		Science & Engineering Delhi
1973 Nellie Sengupta
(1884–1973) 		Social Work West Bengal
1973 Nagendra Singh
(1914–1988) 		Public Affairs Rajasthan
1973 Thirumalraya Swaminathan Civil Service Tamil Nadu
1974 Niren De Public Affairs West Bengal
1974 Benode Behari Mukherjee
(1904–1980) 		Arts West Bengal
1974 V. K. R. V. Rao
(1908–1991) 		Civil Service Karnataka
1974 Harish Chandra Sarin
(1914–1997) 		Civil Service Delhi
1975 C. D. Deshmukh
(1896–1982) 		Public Affairs Maharashtra
1975 Durgabai Deshmukh
(1909–1981) 		Social Work Andhra Pradesh
1975 Mary Clubwala Jadhav
(1909–1975) 		Social Work Tamil Nadu
1975 Basanti Dulal Nagchaudhuri
(1917–2006) 		Literature & Education West Bengal
1975 Raja Ramanna
(1925–2004) 		Science & Engineering Karnataka
1975 Homi Nusserwanji Sethna
(1923–2010) 		Civil Service Maharashtra
1975 M. S. Subbulakshmi
(1916–2004) 		Arts Tamil Nadu
1975 Premlila Vithaldas Thackersey
(1894–1977) 		Literature & Education Maharashtra
1976 Salim Ali
(1896–1987) 		Science & Engineering Uttar Pradesh
1976 Gurmukh Singh Musafir
(1899–1976) 		Literature & Education Punjab
1976 K. Shankar Pillai
(1899–1976) 		Arts Delhi
1976 K. R. Ramanathan
(1893–1984) 		Science & Engineering Kerala
1976 Satyajit Ray
(1921–1992) 		Arts West Bengal
1976 Kalu Lal Shrimali
(1909–2000) 		Literature & Education Uttar Pradesh
1976 Bashir Hussain Zaidi
(1898–1992) 		Literature & Education Delhi
1977 T. Balasaraswati
(1918–1984) 		Arts Tamil Nadu
1977 Ali Yavar Jung#
(1906–1976)[iv] 		Public Affairs Andhra Pradesh
1977 Ajudhia Nath Khosla
(1892–1984) 		Civil Service Delhi
1977 Air Chief Marshal
Om Prakash Mehra
PVSM
(1919–2015) 		Civil Service Punjab
1977 Ajoy Kumar Mukherjee
(1901–1986) 		Public Affairs West Bengal
1977 Chandeshwar Prasad Narayan Singh
(1901–1994) 		Literature & Education Delhi
1978 Awards suspended
1979
1980 Bismillah Khan
(1916–2006) 		Arts Uttar Pradesh
1980 Rai Krishnadasa Civil Service Uttar Pradesh
1981 Satish Dhawan
(1920–2002) 		Science & Engineering Karnataka
1981 Ravi Shankar
(1920–2012) 		Arts Uttar Pradesh
1982 Mirabehn
(1892–1982) 		Social Work United Kingdom
1983 No awards
1984
1985 C. N. R. Rao
(born 1934) 		Science & Engineering Karnataka
1985 M. G. K. Menon
(1928–2016) 		Civil Service Kerala
1986 Baba Amte
(1914–2008) 		Social Work Maharashtra
1986 Birju Maharaj
(1938–2022) 		Arts Delhi
1986 Autar Singh Paintal
(1925–2004) 		Medicine Delhi
1987 Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay
(1903–1988) 		Social Work Karnataka
1987 Benjamin Peary Pal
(1906–1989) 		Science & Technology Punjab
1987 Manmohan Singh
(born 1932) 		Civil Service Delhi
1987 General
Arun Shridhar Vaidya#
PVSM MVC & Bar AVSM ADC
(1926–1986)[v] 		Civil Service Maharashtra
1988 Mirza Hameedullah Beg
(1913–1988) 		Public Affairs Delhi
1988 Kuvempu
(1904–1994) 		Literature & Education Karnataka
1988 Mahadevi Varma#
(1907–1987)[vi] 		Literature & Education Uttar Pradesh
1989 Uma Shankar Dikshit
(1901–1991) 		Public Affairs Uttar Pradesh
1989 Ali Akbar Khan
(1922–2009) 		Arts West Bengal
1989 M. S. Swaminathan
(1925–2023) 		Science & Technology Tamil Nadu
1990 V. S. R. Arunachalam
(1935–2023) 		Literature & Education Delhi
1990 Triloki Nath Chaturvedi
(1928–2020) 		Civil Service Karnataka
1990 Bhabatosh Datta
(1911–1997) 		Literature & Education West Bengal
1990 Kumar Gandharva
(1924–1992) 		Arts Madhya Pradesh
1990 A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
(1931–2015) 		Science & Engineering Tamil Nadu
1991 Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer
(1908–2003) 		Arts Tamil Nadu
1991 M. Balamuralikrishna
(1930–2016) 		Arts Tamil Nadu
1991 M. F. Husain
(1915–2011) 		Arts Maharashtra
1991 Hirendranath Mukherjee
(1907–2004) 		Public Affairs West Bengal
1991 Gulzarilal Nanda
(1898–1999) 		Public Affairs Gujarat
1991 I. G. Patel
(1924–2005) 		Science & Engineering Gujarat
1991 N. G. Ranga
(1900–1995) 		Public Affairs Andhra Pradesh
1991 Khusro Faramurz Rustamji Civil Service Maharashtra
1991 Rajaram Shastri
(1904–1991) 		Literature & Education Uttar Pradesh
1992 Aruna Asaf Ali
(1909–1996) 		Social Work Delhi
1992 Lakshman Shastri Joshi
(1901–1994) 		Literature & Education Maharashtra
1992 Mallikarjun Mansur
(1910–1992) 		Arts Karnataka
1992 S. I. Padmavati
(1917–2020) 		Medicine Delhi
1992
Kaloji Narayana Rao
(1914–2002) 		Arts Telangana
1992 Ravi Narayana Reddy#
(1908–1991)[vii] 		Public Affairs Andhra Pradesh
1992 V. Shantaram#
(1901–1990)[viii] 		Arts Maharashtra
1992 Govindbhai Shroff
(1911–2002) 		Literature & Education Maharashtra
1992 Swaran Singh
(1907–1994) 		Public Affairs Punjab
1992 Atal Bihari Vajpayee
(1924–2018) 		Public Affairs Delhi
1993 Awards suspended
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998 Usha Mehta
(1920–2000) 		Social Work Maharashtra
1998 Nanabhoy Palkhivala
(1920–2002) 		Public Affairs Maharashtra
1998 Lakshmi Sahgal
(1914–2012) 		Public Affairs Uttar Pradesh
1998 Walter Sisulu*
(1912–2003) 		Public Affairs South Africa
1999 Pandurang Shastri Athavale
(1920–2003) 		Social Work Maharashtra
1999 Rajagopala Chidambaram
(born 1936) 		Science & Engineering Maharashtra
1999 Nanaji Deshmukh
(1916–2010) 		Social Work Delhi
1999 Sarvepalli Gopal
(1923–2002) 		Literature & Education Tamil Nadu
1999 Satish Gujral
(1925–2000) 		Arts Delhi
1999 V. R. Krishna Iyer
(1915–2014) 		Public Affairs Kerala
1999 Bhimsen Joshi
(1922–2011) 		Arts Maharashtra
1999 Hans Raj Khanna
(1912–2008) 		Public Affairs Delhi
1999 Verghese Kurien
(1921–2012) 		Science & Technology Gujarat
1999 Lata Mangeshkar
(1929–2022) 		Arts Maharashtra
1999 Braj Kumar Nehru
(1909–2001) 		Civil Service Himachal Pradesh
1999 D. K. Pattammal
(1919–2009) 		Arts Tamil Nadu
1999 Lallan Prasad Singh#
(1912–1998)[ix] 		Civil Service Delhi
1999 Dharma Vira
(1906–2000) 		Civil Service Delhi
2000 Sikander Bakht
(1918–2004) 		Public Affairs Delhi
2000 Jagdish Bhagwati*
(born 1934) 		Literature & Education United States
2000 Hariprasad Chaurasia
(born 1938) 		Arts Maharashtra
2000 M. S. Gill
(born 1936) 		Civil Service Delhi
2000 Krishnaswamy Kasturirangan
(born 1940) 		Science & Engineering Karnataka
2000 K. B. Lall
(1917–2005) 		Civil Service Delhi
2000 Kelucharan Mohapatra
(1926–2004) 		Arts Odisha
2000 Jasraj Motiram
(1930–2020) 		Arts Maharashtra
2000 M. Narasimham
(1927–2021) 		Trade & Industry Andhra Pradesh
2000 R. K. Narayan
(1906–2001) 		Literature & Education Tamil Nadu
2000 Bhairab Dutt Pande
(1917–2009) 		Civil Service Uttar Pradesh
2000 K. N. Raj
(1924–2010) 		Literature & Education Kerala
2000 Tarlok Singh Civil Service Delhi
2001 John Kenneth Galbraith*
(1908–2006) 		Literature & Education United States
2001 Benjamin Gilman*
(1922–2016) 		Public Affairs United States
2001 Amjad Ali Khan
(born 1945) 		Arts Delhi
2001 Zubin Mehta*
(born 1936) 		Arts United States
2001 Hrishikesh Mukherjee
(1922–2006) 		Arts Maharashtra
2001 K. Satchidananda Murty
(1924–2011) 		Literature & Education Andhra Pradesh
2001 Chakravarthi V. Narasimhan
(1915–2003) 		Civil Service Tamil Nadu
2001 Hosei Norota*
(1929–2019) 		Public Affairs Japan
2001 C. R. Rao
(1920–2023) 		Science & Engineering United States
2001 Man Mohan Sharma
(born 1937) 		Science & Engineering Maharashtra
2001 Shivkumar Sharma
(1938–2022) 		Arts Maharashtra
2002 Kishori Amonkar
(1932–2017) 		Arts Maharashtra
2002 Gangubai Hangal
(1913–2009) 		Arts Karnataka
2002 Kishan Maharaj
(1923–2008) 		Arts Uttar Pradesh
2002 C. Rangarajan
(born 1932) 		Literature & Education Tamil Nadu
2002 Soli Sorabjee
(1930–2021) 		Public Affairs Delhi
2003 Kazi Lhendup Dorjee
(1904–2007) 		Public Affairs West Bengal
2003 Sonal Mansingh
(born 1944) 		Arts Delhi
2003 Bal Ram Nanda
(1917–2010) 		Literature & Education Delhi
2003 Brihaspati Dev Triguna
(1920–2013) 		Medicine Delhi
2004 Jayant Narlikar
(born 1938) 		Science & Engineering Maharashtra
2004 Amrita Pritam
(1919–2005) 		Literature & Education Delhi
2004 M. N. Venkatachaliah
(born 1925) 		Public Affairs Karnataka
2005 Milon K. Banerji
(1928–2010) 		Public Affairs Delhi
2005 Mohan Dharia
(1925–2013) 		Social Work Maharashtra
2005 Jyotindra Nath Dixit#
(1936–2005)[x] 		Civil Service Delhi
2005 B. K. Goyal
(1935–2018) 		Medicine Maharashtra
2005 R. K. Laxman
(1921–2015) 		Arts Maharashtra
2005 Ram Narayan
(born 1927) 		Arts Maharashtra
2005 Karan Singh
(born 1931) 		Public Affairs Delhi
2005 M. S. Valiathan
(born 1934) 		Medicine Delhi
2006 Norman Borlaug*
(1914–2009) 		Science & Engineering United States
2006 Charles Correa
(1930–2015) 		Science & Engineering Maharashtra
2006 Nirmala Deshpande
(1929–2008) 		Social Work Delhi
2006 Mahasweta Devi
(1926–2016) 		Literature & Education West Bengal
2006 Adoor Gopalakrishnan
(born 1941) 		Arts Kerala
2006 V. N. Khare
(born 1934) 		Public Affairs Uttar Pradesh
2006 C. R. Krishnaswamy Rao
(1927–2013) 		Civil Service Tamil Nadu
2006 Obaid Siddiqi
(1932–2013) 		Science & Engineering Karnataka
2006 Prakash Narain Tandon
(born 1928) 		Medicine Delhi
2007 P. N. Bhagwati
(1921–2017) 		Public Affairs Delhi
2007 Naresh Chandra
(1934–2017) 		Civil Service Delhi
2007 Raja Chelliah
(1922–2009) 		Public Affairs Tamil Nadu
2007 V. Krishnamurthy
(1925–2022) 		Civil Service Delhi
2007 Fali Sam Nariman
(1929–2024) 		Public Affairs Delhi
2007 Raja Rao*#
(1908–2006)[xi] 		Literature & Education United States
2007 Balu Sankaran
(1926–2012) 		Medicine Delhi
2007 Khushwant Singh
(1915–2014) 		Literature & Education Delhi
2007 E. C. George Sudarshan*
(1931–2018) 		Science & Engineering United States
2007 Narinder Nath Vohra
(born 1936) 		Civil Service Haryana
2008 Adarsh Sein Anand
(1936–2017) 		Public Affairs Uttar Pradesh
2008 Viswanathan Anand
(born 1969) 		Sports Tamil Nadu
2008 Asha Bhosle
(born 1933) 		Arts Maharashtra
2008 P. N. Dhar
(1919–2012) 		Public Affairs Delhi
2008 Edmund Hillary*#
(1919–2008)[xii] 		Sports New Zealand
2008 Lakshmi Mittal*
(born 1950) 		Trade & Industry United Kingdom
2008 Pranab Mukherjee
(1935–2020) 		Public Affairs Delhi
2008 N. R. Narayana Murthy
(born 1946) 		Trade & Industry Karnataka
2008 Prithvi Raj Singh Oberoi
(1929–2023) 		Trade & Industry Delhi
2008 Rajendra K. Pachauri
(1940–2020) 		Science & Engineering Delhi
2008 E. Sreedharan
(born 1932) 		Science & Engineering Delhi
2008 Ratan Tata
(born 1937) 		Trade & Industry Maharashtra
2008 Sachin Tendulkar
(born 1973) 		Sports Maharashtra
2009 Sunderlal Bahuguna
(1927–2021) 		Others Uttarakhand
2009 Jasbir Singh Bajaj
(1936–2019) 		Medicine Punjab
2009 D. P. Chattopadhyaya
(1933–2022) 		Literature & Education West Bengal
2009 Ashok Sekhar Ganguly
(born 1935) 		Trade & Industry Maharashtra
2009 Nirmala Joshi
(1934–2015) 		Social Work West Bengal
2009 Anil Kakodkar
(born 1943) 		Science & Engineering Maharashtra
2009 Purshotam Lal
(born 1954) 		Medicine Uttar Pradesh
2009 G. Madhavan Nair
(born 1943) 		Science & Engineering Karnataka
2009 Govind Narain
(1916–2012) 		Public Affairs Uttar Pradesh
2009 Chandrika Prasad Srivastava
(1920–2013) 		Civil Service Maharashtra
2010 Ebrahim Alkazi
(1925–2020) 		Arts Delhi
2010 Venkatraman Ramakrishnan*
(born 1952) 		Science & Technology United Kingdom
2010 Prathap C. Reddy
(born 1933) 		Trade & Industry Andhra Pradesh
2010 Y. Venugopal Reddy
(born 1941) 		Public Affairs Andhra Pradesh
2010 Zohra Sehgal
(1912–2014) 		Arts Delhi
2010 Umayalpuram K. Sivaraman
(born 1937) 		Arts Tamil Nadu
2011 Montek Singh Ahluwalia
(born 1943) 		Public Affairs Delhi
2011 Vijay Kelkar
(born 1942) 		Public Affairs Maharashtra
2011 Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai
(1921–2016) 		Public Affairs Delhi
2011 O. N. V. Kurup
(1931–2016) 		Literature & Education Kerala
2011 Sitakant Mahapatra
(born 1937) 		Literature & Education Odisha
2011 Brajesh Mishra
(1928–2012) 		Civil Service Delhi
2011 K. Parasaran
(born 1927) 		Public Affairs Delhi
2011 Azim Premji
(born 1945) 		Trade & Industry Karnataka
2011 Palle Rama Rao
(born 1937) 		Science & Engineering Andhra Pradesh
2011 Akkineni Nageswara Rao
(1923–2014) 		Arts Andhra Pradesh
2011 Kapila Vatsyayan
(1928–2020) 		Arts Delhi
2011 Homai Vyarawalla
(1913–2012) 		Arts Gujarat
2012 Bhupen Hazarika#
(1926–2011)[xiii] 		Arts Assam
2012 Mario Miranda#
(1926–2011)[xiv]a 		Arts Goa
2012 T. V. Rajeswar
(1926–2018) 		Civil Service Delhi
2012 Kantilal Hastimal Sancheti
(born 1936) 		Medicine Maharashtra
2012 K. G. Subramanyan
(1924–2016) 		Arts Gujarat
2013 Raghunath Mohapatra
(1943–2021) 		Arts Odisha
2013 Roddam Narasimha
(1933–2020) 		Science & Technology Karnataka
2013 Yash Pal
(1926–2017) 		Science & Technology Uttar Pradesh
2013 S. H. Raza
(1922–2016) 		Arts Delhi
2014 B. K. S. Iyengar
(1918–2014) 		Others Maharashtra
2014 Raghunath Anant Mashelkar
(born 1943) 		Science & Engineering Maharashtra
2015 L. K. Advani
(born 1927) 		Public Affairs Gujarat
2015 Amitabh Bachchan
(born 1942) 		Arts Maharashtra
2015 Parkash Singh Badal
(1927–2023) 		Public Affairs Punjab
2015 Veerendra Heggade
(born 1948) 		Social Work Karnataka
2015 Dilip Kumar
(1922–2021) 		Arts Maharashtra
2015 Rambhadracharya
(born 1950) 		Literature & Education Uttar Pradesh
2015 M. R. Srinivasan
(born 1930) 		Science & Technology Tamil Nadu
2015 Kottayan Katankot Venugopal
(born 1931) 		Public Affairs Delhi
2015 Karim Al Hussaini Aga Khan*
(born 1936) 		Social Work United Kingdom/ France
2016 V. K. Aatre
(born 1939) 		Science & Engineering Karnataka
2016 Dhirubhai Ambani#
(1932–2002)[xv] 		Trade & Industry Maharashtra
2016 Girija Devi
(1929–2017) 		Arts West Bengal
2016 Avinash Dixit*
(born 1944) 		Literature & Education United States
2016 Jagmohan
(1927–2021) 		Public Affairs Delhi
2016 Yamini Krishnamurthy
(born 1940) 		Arts Delhi
2016 Rajinikanth
(born 1950) 		Arts Tamil Nadu
2016 Ramoji Rao
(born 1936) 		Literature & Education Andhra Pradesh
2016 Sri Sri Ravi Shankar
(born 1956) 		Others Karnataka
2016 V. Shanta
(1927–2021) 		Medicine Tamil Nadu
2017 Murli Manohar Joshi
(born 1934) 		Public Affairs Uttar Pradesh
2017 Sunder Lal Patwa#
(1924–2016)[xvi] 		Public Affairs Madhya Pradesh
2017 Sharad Pawar
(born 1940) 		Public Affairs Maharashtra
2017 Udupi Ramachandra Rao
(1932–2017) 		Science & Engineering Karnataka
2017 P. A. Sangma
(1947–2016)[xvii] 		Public Affairs Meghalaya
2017 Jaggi Vasudev
(born 1957) 		Others Tamil Nadu
2017 K. J. Yesudas
(born 1940) 		Arts Kerala
2018 Ilaiyaraaja
(born 1943) 		Arts Tamil Nadu
2018 Ghulam Mustafa Khan
(1931–2021) 		Arts Maharashtra
2018 P. Parameswaran
(1927–2020) 		Literature & Education Kerala
2019 Teejan Bai
(born 1956) 		Arts Chhattisgarh
2019 Ismaïl Omar Guelleh*
(born 1946) 		Public Affairs Djibouti
2019 Anil Manibhai Naik
(born 1942) 		Trade & Industry Maharashtra
2019 Balwant Moreshwar Purandare
(1922–2021) 		Arts Maharashtra
2020 George Fernandes#
(1930–2019)[xviii] 		Public Affairs Bihar
2020 Arun Jaitley#
(1952–2019)[xix] 		Public Affairs Delhi
2020 Anerood Jugnauth*
(1930–2021) 		Public Affairs Mauritius
2020 M. C. Mary Kom
(born 1982) 		Sports Manipur
2020 Chhannulal Mishra
(born 1936) 		Arts Uttar Pradesh
2020 Sushma Swaraj#
(1952–2019)[xx] 		Public Affairs Delhi
2020 Vishwesha Teertha#
(1931–2019)[xxi] 		Others Karnataka
2021 Shinzo Abe*
(1954–2022) 		Public Affairs Japan
2021 S. P. Balasubrahmanyam#
(1946–2020)[xxii] 		Arts Tamil Nadu
2021 Belle Monappa Hegde
(born 1938) 		Medicine Karnataka
2021 Narinder Singh Kapany*#
(1926–2020)[xxiii] 		Science & Engineering United States
2021 Wahiduddin Khan
(1925–2021) 		Others Delhi
2021 B. B. Lal
(1921–2022) 		Others Delhi
2021 Sudarshan Sahoo
(born 1939) 		Arts Odisha
2022 Prabha Atre
(1932–2024) 		Arts Maharashtra
2022 Radheshyam Khemka#
(1935–2021)[xxiv] 		Literature & Education Uttar Pradesh
2022 General
Bipin Rawat#
PVSM UYSM AVSM YSM SM VSM ADC
(1958–2021)[xxv] 		Civil Service Uttarakhand
2022 Kalyan Singh#
(1932–2021)[xxvi] 		Public Affairs Uttar Pradesh
2023 Balkrishna Vithaldas Doshi#
(1927–2023)[xxvii] 		Others Gujarat
2023 Zakir Hussain
(born 1951) 		Arts Maharashtra
2023 S. M. Krishna
(born 1932) 		Public Affairs Karnataka
2023 Dilip Mahalanabis#
(1934–2022)[xxviii] 		Medicine West Bengal
2023 S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan*
(born 1940) 		Science & Engineering United States
2023 Mulayam Singh Yadav#
(1939–2022)[xxix] 		Public Affairs Uttar Pradesh
2024 Vyjayanthimala
(born 1933) 		Arts Tamil Nadu
2024 Chiranjeevi
(born 1955) 		Arts Andhra Pradesh
2024 Venkaiah Naidu
(born 1949) 		Public Affairs Andhra Pradesh
2024 Bindeshwar Pathak#
(1943–2023)[xxx] 		Social Work Bihar
2024 Padma Subrahmanyam
(born 1943) 		Arts Tamil Nadu

Explanatory notes

  1. ^ Per Article 18 (1) of the Constitution of India: Abolition of titles, "no title, not being a military or academic distinction, shall be conferred by the State".[7][9]
  2. ^ P. N. Haksar was offered the award in 1973 for, among other services, his crucial diplomatic role in brokering the Indo-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation and the Shimla Agreement, but declined as "Accepting an award for work done somehow causes an inexplicable discomfort to me."[13]
  3. ^ Vilayat Khan refused Padma Shri (1964), Padma Bhushan (1968), and Padma Vibhushan (2000) and stated that "the selection committees were incompetent to judge [his] music".[14][15]
  4. ^ E. M. S. Namboodiripad, the General Secretary of the Communist Party of India (of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) from 1964) and the first Chief Minister of Kerala (1957-59, 1967-69), declined the award in 1992, as it went against his nature to accept a state honour.[16]
  5. ^ Swami Ranganathananda declined the award in 2000 as it was conferred to him as an individual and not to the Ramakrishna Mission.[15][17]
  6. ^ Lakshmi Chand Jain died on 14 November 2010, at the age of 84.[18] His family refused to accept the posthumous honour as Jain was against accepting state honours.[19]
  7. ^ Sharad Anantrao Joshi's family refused to accept the posthumous honour as Joshi's work for good of farmers is not reflected in the Government policies for them.[20]
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference Amte was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ In 2020, Parkash Singh Badal returned the award in solidarity with the farmers protest.
Posthumous recipients
  1. ^ Suranjan Das died on 10 January 1970, at the age of 49.
  2. ^ Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq died on 12 December 1971, at the age of 59.[23]
  3. ^ Vikram Sarabhai died on 30 December 1971, at the age of 52.[24]
  4. ^ Ali Yavar Jung died on 11 December 1976, at the age of 70.
  5. ^ Arun Shridhar Vaidya was assassinated by Sikh extremists on 10 August 1986.[25]
  6. ^ Mahadevi Varma died on 11 September 1987, at the age of 80.
  7. ^ Ravi Narayana Reddy died on 9 September 1991, at the age of 83.
  8. ^ V. Shantaram died on 30 October 1990, at the age of 88.
  9. ^ Lallan Prasad Singh died on 9 November 1998, at the age of 86.[26]
  10. ^ Jyotindra Nath Dixit died on 3 January 2005, at the age of 68.[27]
  11. ^ Raja Rao died on 8 July 2006, at the age of 97.[28]
  12. ^ Edmund Hillary died on 11 January 2008, at the age of 88.[29]
  13. ^ Bhupen Hazarika died on 5 November 2011, at the age of 85.[30]
  14. ^ Mario Miranda died on 11 December 2011, at the age of 85.[31]
  15. ^ Dhirubhai Ambani died on 6 July 2002, at the age of 69.[32]
  16. ^ Sunder Lal Patwa died on 28 December 2016, at the age of 92.[33]
  17. ^ P. A. Sangma died on 4 March 2016, at the age of 68.[34]
  18. ^ George Fernandes died on 29 January 2019, at the age of 88.[35]
  19. ^ Arun Jaitley died on 24 August 2019, at the age of 66.[36]
  20. ^ Sushma Swaraj died on 6 August 2019, at the age of 67.[37]
  21. ^ Vishwesha Teertha died on 29 December 2019, at the age of 88.[38]
  22. ^ S. P. Balasubrahmanyam died on 25 September 2020, at the age of 74.
  23. ^ Narinder Singh Kapany died on 4 December 2020, at the age of 94.
  24. ^ Radheshyam Khemka died on 4 April 2021, at the age of 86.[39]
  25. ^ General Bipin Rawat died on 8 December 2021, at the age of 63.
  26. ^ Kalyan Singh died on 21 August 2021, at the age of 89.[40]
  27. ^ Balakrishna Doshi died on 24 January 2023, at the age of 95.[41]
  28. ^ Dilip Mahalanabis died on 16 October 2022, at the age of 87.[42]
  29. ^ Mulayam Singh Yadav died on 10 October 2022, at the age of 82.[43]
  30. ^ Bindeshwar Pathak died on 15 August 2023, at the age of 80.

References

  1. ^ a b Lal, Shavax A. (1954). "The Gazette of India—Extraordinary—Part I" (PDF). The Gazette of India. The President's Secretariat (published 2 January 1954): 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 May 2014. Retrieved 26 September 2015. The President is pleased to institute an award to be designated "Padma Vibhushan" in three classes, namely: "Pahela Varg", "Dusra Varg" and "Tisra Varg"
  2. ^ a b c d "Padma Awards Scheme" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 28 September 2015.
  3. ^ a b c Ayyar, N. M. (1955). "The Gazette of India—Extraordinary—Part I" (PDF). The Gazette of India. The President's Secretariat (published 15 January 1955): 8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 May 2014. Retrieved 26 September 2015. All persons upon whom the decoration of Padma Vibhushan (Pahela Varg) was conferred under the Regulations issued with Notification No. 2-Pres./54, dated the 2nd January, 1954, shall, for all purposes of these regulations, be deemed to be persons on whom the decoration of Padma Vibhushan has been conferred by the President.
  4. ^ "Bharat Ratna Scheme" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
  5. ^ a b Hoiberg & Ramchandani 2000, p. 96.
  6. ^ Bhattacherje 2009, p. A248.
  7. ^ a b Edgar 2011, p. C-105.
  8. ^ Bhattacherje 2009, p. A253.
  9. ^ "The Constitution of India" (PDF). Ministry of Law and Justice (India). p. 36. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 September 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
  10. ^ "Balaji Raghavan S. P. Anand Vs. Union of India: Transfer Case (civil) 9 of 1994". Supreme Court of India. 4 August 1997. Archived from the original on 19 May 2014. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
  11. ^ "Wearing of Medals: Precedence Of Medals". Indian Army. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 22 November 2015.
  12. ^ a b c d "Padma Awards: Year wise list of recipients (1954–2014)" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 21 May 2014. pp. 1, 3–6, 9, 11, 14, 17, 19–20, 23, 25, 29, 32–33, 37, 42, 48, 55, 59, 63, 66, 69–70, 72, 74, 83, 86, 88, 90–93, 95, 99–100, 105–106, 112, 114–115, 117–118, 121, 126, 131, 135, 139–140, 144, 149, 154–155, 160, 166, 172, 178, 183, 188. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 November 2014. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
    • "Padma Awards: 2015" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 25 January 2015. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
    • "Padma Awards: 2016" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 25 January 2016. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 25 January 2016.
    • "Padma Awards: 2017" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 25 January 2017. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
    • "Padma Awards: 2018" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 25 January 2018. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 25 January 2018.
    • "Padma Awards: 2019" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 25 January 2019. p. 1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 January 2019. Retrieved 25 January 2019.
    • "Padma Awards: 2020" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 25 January 2020. p. 1. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
    • "Padma Awards: 2021" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 25 January 2021. pp. 1–2. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
    • "Padma Awards: 2022" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 25 January 2022. pp. 1–2. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
    • "Padma Awards: 2023" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 25 January 2023. p. 1. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  13. ^ "Haksar and the Padma Vibhushan". The Hindu. 13 January 2017. Retrieved 10 May 2018.
  14. ^ Kaminsky, Arnold P.; Long, Roger D. (2011). India Today: An Encyclopedia of Life in the Republic. ABC-CLIO. p. 411. ISBN 978-0-313-37462-3.
  15. ^ a b Venkatesan, V. (5 February 2000). "Spotlight: Republic Day honours". Frontline. Archived from the original on 28 February 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
  16. ^ Guha, Ramachandra (2001). An Anthropologist Among the Marxists and Other Essays. Permanent Black. p. 211. ISBN 81-7824-001-7.
  17. ^ "Ranganathananda, kept alive spirit of Vivekananda's legacy". The Hindu. 31 May 2005. Archived from the original on 28 February 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
  18. ^ Pawar, Yogesh (15 November 2010). "Gandhian activist who revitalised Indian handicraft dies at 85". Daily News Analysis. Archived from the original on 7 September 2017. Retrieved 10 April 2016.
  19. ^ "Gandhian's family declines Padma Vibhushan". Mumbai Mirror. The Times of India. 25 March 2011. Archived from the original on 19 September 2017. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  20. ^ Chavan, Vijay (26 January 2016). "Sharad Joshi's family refuses Padma award". Pune Mirror. The Times of India. Archived from the original on 20 February 2017. Retrieved 19 February 2017.
  21. ^ Kumar, A. Prasanna (1983). "The Privilege of Knowing M. C.". Triveni: Journal of Indian Renaissance. Vol. 52. Triveni Publishers.
  22. ^ "Prakash Singh Badal and Sukhdev Singh Dhindsa returned their padma award". The Tribune. 3 December 2020. Retrieved 4 December 2020.
  23. ^ "Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq, 59, Kashmir Chief Minister, Dies". The New York Times. New Delhi. 12 December 1971. Archived from the original on 3 April 2018. Retrieved 19 February 2017.
  24. ^ Mahanti, Subodh. "Vikram Sarabhai: A Visionary of Indian Space Programme". Vigyan Prasar Science Portal. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 4 April 2016.
  25. ^ "General A.S. Vaidya; 1926-1986". India Today. 4 June 2009. Retrieved 26 July 2019.
  26. ^ "ULFA leader Anup Chetia sentenced to six years and nine months in jail by a Dhaka court". India Today. 9 November 1998. Archived from the original on 24 April 2016. Retrieved 11 April 2016.
  27. ^ Singh, Kuldip (5 January 2005). "Obituaries: J. N. Dixit: Hawkish diplomat and India's first full-time National Security Adviser". Independent. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
  28. ^ Alterno, Letizia (17 July 2006). "Obituaries: Raja Rao". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 10 April 2016.
  29. ^ McKenzie-Minifie, Martha (11 January 2008). "State funeral for Sir Edmund Hillary". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 29 September 2011.
  30. ^ "Celebrated Indian singer Bhupen Hazarika dies". BBC News Asia. 5 November 2011. Archived from the original on 30 December 2011. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
  31. ^ "Cartoonist Mario Miranda passes away at 85". Daily News Analysis. Panaji. 11 December 2011. Archived from the original on 29 January 2018. Retrieved 10 April 2016.
  32. ^ "Indian business giant dies". BBC News World Edition. BBC. 7 July 2002. Archived from the original on 22 March 2016. Retrieved 10 April 2016.
  33. ^ "Sunder Lal Patwa, former Madhya Pardesh CM, dies at 92". The Indian Express. New Delhi. 28 December 2016. Archived from the original on 30 December 2016. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
  34. ^ "PA Sangma dead at 68; Lok Sabha adjourned in respect for former Speaker". The Indian Express. New Delhi. 4 March 2016. Archived from the original on 29 January 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
  35. ^ Prabhu, Sunil (29 January 2019). Ghosh, Deepshikha (ed.). "George Fernandes, Former Defence Minister, Dies At 88 After Long Illness". New Delhi: NDTV. Archived from the original on 9 February 2019. Retrieved 29 January 2019.
  36. ^ "Arun Jaitley passes away at 66". India Today Group. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  37. ^ "Sushma Swaraj funeral; latest updates: Ex-minister cremated with State honours in Delhi as top NDA leaders bid farewell". Firstpost. 7 August 2019. Retrieved 7 August 2019.
  38. ^ "Padma Vibhushan honour for Pejawar seer's visionary work". The Times of India. 26 January 2020. Retrieved 26 January 2020.
  39. ^ "Gita Press chairman Radheshyam Khemka dies, PM pays tribute". The Times of India. 5 August 2021. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
  40. ^ "Former Uttar Pradesh chief minister Kalyan Singh dies at 89". The Hindustan Times. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
  41. ^ "Balkrishna Doshi, Modernist Indian Architect, Is Dead at 95". New York Times. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  42. ^ "Dr Dilip Mahalanabis, Pioneer Of Oral Rehydration Therapy, Dies In Kolkata". NDTV. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  43. ^ "Updates: Mulayam Singh Yadav Dies At 82, Political Leaders Pay Tributes". NDTV. Retrieved 26 January 2023.

Bibliography

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan.

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